Wireless transmit / receive unit and method implemented therein

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to methods and apparatus for network energy saving. A method can be implemented in a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU). The method can include receiving, via RRC signaling, information indicating a configuration pattern of time periods, wherein each time period includes an interval during which a cell can be used for reception or transmission and an interval during which the cell can not be used for reception or transmission; receiving configuration information indicating PUCCH resources for transmitting an SR; receiving a DCI including an indication associated with the configuration pattern of time periods, wherein the indicated configuration pattern of time periods is applicable after a predefined delay following reception of the DCI; determining whether the indication indicates that the configuration pattern is applicable for reception; determining to transmit an SR on one of the PUCCH resources configured for transmitting an SR; and determining not to transmit the SR if the PUCCH resource is not within the interval during which the cell can be used for reception.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the application entitled “Method, Architecture, Apparatus, and System for Network Energy Saving” filed on November 3, 2022, having application number 202280079876.2.

[0002] Cross Reference to Related Applications

[0003] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 275,207, filed November 3, 2021, and U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 327,462, filed April 5, 2022, the entirety of each of which is incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, architectures, and apparatuses for network energy saving. BACKGROUND

[0005] The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Radio Access Network (RAN) discusses improvements related to energy saving of wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) and networks. For example, the design of New Radio (NR) Release 15 allows for improved energy saving by reducing transmissions from the network in the absence of data. The network can consume a large amount of energy for processing operations other than transmission, such as, for example, baseband processing for reception and / or beamforming. The embodiments described herein are designed in view of the above. SUMMARY

[0006] Methods, architectures, apparatuses, and systems related to network energy saving are described herein. In one embodiment, a method can be implemented in a WTRU. The method can include receiving first information indicating (i) one or more scheduling request (SR) resources and (ii) a set of wake-up request occasions, where each SR resource can be associated with one or more availability levels. The method can include determining that the WTRU can be at a first availability level. The method can include transmitting a first wake-up request using a first wake-up request occasion of the set of wake-up request occasions, where the first wake-up request can be transmitted based on a determination that an SR can be transmitted using an SR resource associated with a second availability level of the one or more availability levels. The method can include transmitting the SR into the SR resource associated with the second availability level. Upon a condition that a period of time after the transmission of the first wake-up request ends without receiving an availability level indication, the WTRU can transmit a second wake-up request using a second wake-up request occasion of the set of wake-up request occasions, where the first wake-up request can be transmitted at a first transmission power and the second wake-up request can be transmitted at a second transmission power that can be higher than the first transmission power. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes any of a transmitter, a receiver, a processor, and a memory, which can be configured to perform the methods described herein. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0007] A more detailed understanding can be had from the following detailed description, given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:

[0008] Figure 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system in which one or more disclosed embodiments can be implemented;

[0009] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that can be used within the communications system 100 shown in Figure 1A

[0010] Figure 1C is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that can be used within the communications system 100 shown in Figure 1A

[0011] Figure 1D is a system diagram illustrating a further example RAN and a further example CN that can be used within the communications system 100 shown in Figure 1A ​​​

[0012] Figure 2 is a transmission timing diagram illustrating an example of WTRU operation that can enable network energy saving;

[0013] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for network energy saving; and

[0014] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating another example of a method for network energy saving. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the implementations and / or examples disclosed herein. However, it will be understood that such implementations and examples can be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the following description. Also, implementations and examples not specifically described herein can be implemented and / or practiced using the descriptions, disclosures and / or teachings provided herein and are considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0016] Exemplary communication system

[0017] Figure 1A is a diagram illustrating an example communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed implementations can be implemented. The communication system 100 can be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc., to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 can enable multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communication system 100 can employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail unique-word DFT-Spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique-word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block-filter OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and / or the like.

[0018] As Figure 1AAs shown, the communication system 100 can include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a RAN 104 / 113, a CN 106 / 115, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, though it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d can be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d (any of which can be referred to as a "station" and / or a "STA") can be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals, and can include a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain environment), a consumer electronics device, a device operating on a commercial and / or industrial wireless network, and the like. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d can be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0019] The communication system 100 can also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b can be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or the other networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b can be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B, an eNode B, a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a gNB, a NR NodeB, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b can include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0020] The base stations 114a can be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which can also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc. The base stations 114a and / or the base stations 114b can be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies (which can be referred to as a cell (not shown)). These frequencies can be in the licensed spectrum, the unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of the licensed and unlicensed spectrums. A cell can provide wireless service to a particular geographic area that can be relatively fixed or can change over time. The cell can further be divided into cell sectors. For example, a cell associated with a base station 114a can be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, the base station 114a can include three transceivers, one for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a can employ Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) techniques and can utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming can be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[0021] The base stations 114a, 114b can communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over the air interface 116, which can be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 can be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0022] More specifically, as noted above, the communications system 100 can be a multiple access system and can employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in the RAN 104 / 113 can implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which can establish the air interface 116 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA can include communication protocols such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA can include High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0023] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which can establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-A Pro.

[0024] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement a radio technology such as NR Radio Access, which can establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0025] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement LTE wireless access and NR wireless access together, for instance using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., an eNB and a gNB).

[0026] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 IX, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.

[0027] Figure 1AThe base station 114b in the embodiment can be, for example, a wireless router, Home Node B, Home eNode B, or access point, and can utilize any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity access by the WTRUs 102c, 102d within a local area. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d can utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell. As shown, the base station 114b can have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b can not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115. Figure 1A

[0028] The RAN 104 / 113 can be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which can be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data can have varying quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as differing throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, and the like. The CN 106 / 115 can provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although not shown in Figure 1A Although not shown in FIG. 10, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 can be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which can employ a NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 can also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing a GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or Wi-Fi radio technology.

[0029] ​The CN 106 / 115 can also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or the other networks 112. The PSTN 108 can include circuit-switched telephone networks that provide infrastructure for the provision of voice telephony. The Internet 110 can include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP) and / or the internet protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP internet protocol suite. The networks 112 can include wired and / or wireless communications networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 can include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which can employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[0030] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 can include multi-mode capabilities, e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d can include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links. For example, Figure 1A The WTRU 102c shown in Figure 1A can be configured to communicate with the base station 114a using cellular-based RAT and can also be configured to communicate with the base station 114b using an IEEE 802 RAT.

[0031] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. As shown in Figure 1B The WTRU 102 can include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138, among others. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 can include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0032] The processor 118 can be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGAs) circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 118 can perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 can be coupled to the transceiver 120, which can be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. While Figure 1B The processor 118 and the transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, it is to be understood that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 can be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0033] The transmit / receive element 122 can be configured to transmit signals to, or receive signals from, a base station (e.g., the base station 114a) over the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 can be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 can be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0034] Although the transmit / receive element 122 is depicted in the WTRU 102 Figure 1B In one embodiment, the WTRU 102 can include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) to enable MIMO technology. Thus, the WTRU 102 can

[0035] The transceiver 120 can be configured to modulate information to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate information received by the transmit / receive element 122. As indicated above, the WTRU 102 can be a multi-mode device. Thus, the transceiver 120 can include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11, for example.

[0036] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 can be coupled to, and can receive user input data from, the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 can also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 can access information from, and store data in, any type of suitable memory, such as the non-removable memory 130 and / or the removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 can include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 can include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 can access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0037] The processor 118 can receive power from the power source 134 and can be configured to distribute and / or control the power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 can be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 can include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0038] The processor 118 can also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which can be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or in lieu of, the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 can receive location information over the air interface 116 from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) and / or determine its location based on the timing of the signals being received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 can acquire location information by way of any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0039] The processor 118 can further be coupled to other peripherals 138, which can include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 can include an accelerometer, an e-compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photographs or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, a Bluetooth® The peripheral device 138 can include one or more sensors, which can be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, a compass sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor; an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0040] The WTRU 102 can include a full duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for both uplink (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception) can be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full duplex radio can include an interference management unit 139 to reduce and / or substantially eliminate self-interference and / or mutual interference. In an embodiment, the WTRU 102 can include a half duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for either uplink (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception)).

[0041] Figure 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As

[0042] The RAN 104 can include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, although it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 can include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c can each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c can implement MIMO technology. Accordingly, the eNode-B 160a, for example, can use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.

[0043] Each of the base stations 160a, 160b, and 160c can be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL), and the like. As shown, the base stations 160a, 160b, and 160c can communicate with one another over an X2 interface. Figure 1C

[0044] Figure 1C The CN 106 can include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (or PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any of these elements can be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0045] The MME 162 can be connected to each of the base stations 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an SI interface and can serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 can be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activations / deactivations, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 can provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0046] The SGW 164 can be connected to each of the base stations 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via the SI interface. The SGW 164 can generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 can perform other functions, such as anchoring user planes during inter- eNodeB handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0047] The SGW 164 can be connected to the PGW 166, which can provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0048] ​The CN 106 can facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 can provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional landline communications devices. For example, the CN 106 can include, or can communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 can provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which can include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0049] Although WTRUs are described in Figures 1A-1D representative embodiments as wireless terminals, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments such a terminal can (e.g., temporarily or permanently) use a wired communication interface with the communication network.

[0050] In representative embodiments, the other network 112 can be a WLAN.

[0051] A WLAN in Infrastructure Basic Service Set (BSS) mode can have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP can have an access or an interface to a Distribution System (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic in to and / or out of the BSS. Traffic to STAs that is carried by the DS can be transmitted from the AP. Traffic from STAs can be transmitted to the AP to be carried by the DS. Traffic between STAs can be transmitted by the AP to be carried by the DS. Traffic between STAs can be transmitted directly between the STAs, e.g., in a peer-to-peer (P2P) arrangement, without using the AP or the DS. A WLAN in an Independent BSS (IBSS) mode can not have an AP. All STAs in the IBSS can be peers of one another.

[0052] When using an 802.11 ac infrastructure mode of operation or similar mode of operation, an AP can transmit beacons on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel can be a fixed width (e.g., 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a width that is dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel can be the operating channel of the BSS and can be used by STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, carrier sense multiple access / collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) can be implemented, for example, in 802.11 systems. For CSMA / CA, a STA (e.g., each STA), including the AP, can listen to the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected as busy by a particular STA, the particular STA can back off. Only one STA can transmit in a given BSS at any given time.

[0053] High Throughput (HT) STAs can use 40 MHz wide channels to communicate, for example, via a combination of the primary 20 MHz channel with an adjacent or nonadjacent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0054] Very High Throughput (VHT) STAs can support 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz wide channels. 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz channels can be formed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel can be formed by combining 8 contiguous 20 MHz channels, or by combining two noncontiguous 80 MHz channels, which can be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, after channel encoding, the data can be parsed by a segment parser that can separate the data into two streams. Each stream can be independently processed by inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) and time domain processing. The streams can be mapped to the two 80 MHz channels, and the data can be transmitted by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above described operation for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to the medium access control (MAC).

[0055] 802.11af and 802.11ah support sub-1 GHz modes of operation. The channel operating bandwidth and carrier are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah relative to those used in 802.11η and 802.1 lac. 802.11af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the television white space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to representative embodiments, 802.11ah can support meter type control / machine type communication, such as MTC devices in a macro coverage area. MTC devices can have certain capabilities, e.g., limited capabilities, including support for (e.g., only support for) certain bandwidths and / or limited bandwidth. MTC devices can include a battery with a battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).

[0056] WLAN systems that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths such as 802.11η, 802.1 lac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah include a channel that can be designated as a primary channel. The primary channel can have a bandwidth equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in a BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be set and / or limited by a STA from all STAs operating in the BSS that supports the smallest bandwidth mode of operation. In the example of 802.11ah, for a STA (e.g., a MTC type device) that supports (e.g., only supports) a 1 MHz mode, the primary channel can be 1 MHz wide, even if other STAs in the AP and BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth modes of operation. Carrier sense and / or network allocation vector (NAV) settings can depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, e.g., due to a STA (supporting only a 1 MHz mode of operation) transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency band can be considered busy, even if most of the frequency band remains idle and can be available.

[0057] In the United States, the available frequency band for 802.11ah use is 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In Korea, the available frequency band is 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11ah use is 6 MHz to 26 MHz, depending on the country code.

[0058] Figure 1Dis a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 113 can employ NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 can also be in communication with the CN 115.

[0059] The RAN 113 can include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, although it will be appreciated that the RAN 113 can include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a, 180b can utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. Thus, the gNB 180a, for example, can use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a can transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers can be on unlicensed spectrum while the remaining component carriers can be on licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a can receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0060] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can use transmission associated with scalable numerology to communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. For example, OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing can vary from different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can use subframe or transmission time interval (TTI) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., containing different quantities of OFDM symbols and / or lasting varying lengths of absolute time) to communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c.

[0061] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In the standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can communicate with one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing other RANs, such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, for example. In the standalone configuration, one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as a mobility anchor point. In the standalone configuration, one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can use signals, such as signals over an unlicensed frequency band, to communicate with one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. In the non-standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can communicate with one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating with one or more of another RAN, such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement DC principles to substantially simultaneously communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c. In the non-standalone configuration, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c can function as a mobility anchor point for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can provide additional coverage and / or throughput for servicing WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0062] Each of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the Figure 1D uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL), support of network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards User Plane Function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 182a, 182b and the like. As shown, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can be in communication with one another over an Xn interface.

[0063] Figure 1DThe illustrated CN 115 can include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 115, it will be appreciated that any of these elements can be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0064] The AMF 182a, 182b can be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N2 interface and can serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b can be responsible for authenticating the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, managing the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c registration area, terminating NAS signaling, mobility management, and the like. The AMF 182a, 182b can utilize network slicing to customize CN support for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the type of services utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices can be established for different use cases such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for machine type communication (MTC) access, and / or the like. The AMF 182a, 182b can provide control plane functionality for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.

[0065] The SMF 183a, 183b can be connected to AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via an N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b can also be connected to the UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via an N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b can select and control the UPF 184a, 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b can perform other functions, such as managing and allocating IP address

[0066] The UPF 184a, 184b can be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which can provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet- switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184a, 184b can perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering of downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.

[0067] The CN 115 can facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 115 can include, or can communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 115 can provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which can include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can be connected to a local DN 185a, 185b through the UPF 184a, 184b via an N3 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the local data network (DN) 185a, 185b.

[0068] In view of Figures 1A-1D And Figures 1A-1D In view of the corresponding descriptions of FIGS. 1 through 18, one or more of, or all of, the functions described with respect to one or more of the WTRUs 102a-102d, base stations 114a-114b, RANs 104 / 106 / 113, core network 106 / 112 / 115, gNBs 180a-180c, AMF 182a-182b, UPF 184a-184b, SMF 183a-183b, DN 185a-185b, and / or any other devices taught herein can be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). The emulation devices can be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein. For example, the emulation devices can be used to test other devices and / or to simulate a network and / or WTRU functionality.

[0069] The one or more emulation devices can perform the one or more, including all, functions while not implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, an emulation device can be utilized in a testing scenario in a testing laboratory and / or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication network in order to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more emulation devices can be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communications, via RF circuitry (e.g., which can include one or more antennas), can be used by the emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0070] The one or more emulation devices can perform the one or more, including all, functions while not implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, an emulation device can be utilized in a testing scenario in a testing laboratory and / or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication network in order to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more emulation devices can be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communications, via RF circuitry (e.g., which can include one or more antennas), can be used by the emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0071] Throughout the embodiments described herein, the terms “serving base station,” “base station,” “gNB” (collectively referred to as “network”) can be used interchangeably to designate any network element, such as, for example, a network element acting as a serving base station. The embodiments described herein are not limited to gNBs and are applicable to any other type of serving base station.

[0072] For the sake of clarity, meeting, not meeting conditions, and “configuring condition parameters” are described throughout the embodiments described herein as being relative to threshold (e.g., greater than or less than) (e.g., threshold) values, configured (e.g., threshold) values, and the like. For example, meeting a condition can be described as being above (e.g., threshold) values, and not meeting a condition (e.g., performance criteria) can be described as being below (e.g., threshold) values. The embodiments described herein are not limited to threshold-based conditions. Any kind of other conditions and parameters, such as, for example, belonging to or not belonging to a range of values, can be applicable to the embodiments described herein.

[0073] Examples of network energy saving

[0074] In 3GPP RAN, there can be a new study item on network energy saving for Rel-18 to study enhancements to enable the network to reduce (e.g., minimize) its power consumption from either of transmission and reception. Such reduction (e.g., minimization) can allow for reduced operational costs and improved environmental sustainability.

[0075] Compared to earlier systems, the NR design of Rel-15 allows to reduce (e.g., minimize) transmissions from the network without data. For example, the always-on cell-specific reference signal (CRS) is not used in NR. Energy consumption (of NR Rel 15) can be further reduced, for example.

[0076] For example, the network can consume energy for processing operations other than transmissions, such as, for example, baseband (e.g., digital) processing for reception and / or beamforming. (Even) in dense networks, such "idle" power consumption can not be negligible for a period of time without serving WTRUs. Switching off these processing operations when no transmission to a WTRU can allow the network to reduce energy consumption.

[0077] For example, NR can support beamforming with up to sixty-four transmission and reception ports, and energy consumption can increase with the number of utilized ports. In implementation, utilizing a large (e.g., maximum, constant) number of ports can not be useful for all WTRUs. Adapting the number of ports to the number desired by, for example, one or more WTRUs can allow to reduce energy consumption in the network.

[0078] In a 3GPP Rel-17 NR-based system, idle power consumption reduction at the network side can remain limited without traffic from WTRUs, as the network can configure resources for a WTRU such that the network can (e.g., frequently) attempt reception (e.g., from the WTRU). For example, the network can configure resources for any of a scheduling request (SR), a random access channel (RACH), and a configured grant (CG) for (e.g., each) WTRU, where the periodicity can depend on its latency properties (e.g., requirements). For example, the network can configure periodic sounding reference signal (SRS) and / or channel state information (CSI) resources, e.g., for link adaptation purposes. Even during a period where a WTRU can not have any data to transmit, the network can be expected to attempt reception on these resources and to transmit CSI-RS supporting periodic CSI.

[0079] The implementations described herein can enable the network to know (e.g., determine) when it can switch off transmission and / or reception (or can use a reduced number of antenna ports) for such resources and to maintain quality of service for the served WTRUs.

[0080] SUMMARY

[0081] Throughout the implementations described herein, the terms “availability state,” “availability level,” and “readiness state” can be used interchangeably to designate a state in a set (e.g., discrete) of states of a WTRU, representative of a level of (e.g., expected transmission / reception) activity (e.g., associated with a level) of the WTRU.

[0082] For example, a WTRU can determine whether it can transmit (or receive) one or more resources according to an availability state that can be indicated by the network (e.g., via transmitted information). In a first availability state, some resources can be unavailable during one or more time periods, which can enable the network to turn off baseband processing and other related processing operations (e.g., activities). Under one or more conditions, the WTRU can further transmit a request, such as, for example, a wake-up request, to the network to change from the first availability state to a second availability state for which resources that the WTRU expects can be available. Such a wake-up request can correspond to a transmission that can be decoded by a low complexity receiver at a gNB for which energy consumption can be reduced.

[0083] An availability state of a WTRU can imply a power saving state of (e.g., associated with) a gNB. In one implementation, a WTRU can determine (e.g., be in) an “availability state” according to one or more of the following examples.

[0084] In one example, a WTRU can determine (e.g., be in) an availability state based on receiving an availability state (e.g., level) indication from, for example, any of a group common physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a MAC control element (MAC CE), and a WTRU specific downlink control information (DCI). The terms “availability state indication” and “availability level indication” are used interchangeably throughout the implementations described herein to refer to any transmission that indicates that a WTRU can be in an availability state.

[0085] In another example, a WTRU can determine (e.g., be in) an availability state upon receiving any of a signal indicating a wake-up response and a signal transmitting an indication of a “wake-up request.”

[0086] In yet another example, a WTRU can determine to be (e.g., be in) a default availability state. For example, a first availability state / second availability state can be valid for a time period following any of: (i) receiving any of an availability state indication and a wake-up response signal; and (ii) transmitting a wake-up request signal, upon expiration of which time period, the WTRU can determine to be in a default availability state.

[0087] In yet another example, the WTRU can determine to (e.g., be in) the first availability state / second availability state when it is determined that a period of time has elapsed after transmitting the wake-up request signal or after receiving the availability status indication.

[0088] In one embodiment, the WTRU can determine whether a resource is available for transmission / reception for the determined availability state according to one or more of the following examples.

[0089] In one example, the WTRU can determine whether a resource is available for transmission / reception for the determined availability state based on whether the resource is available for any of a scheduling request (SR), a configured grant, a SRS, a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a physical random access channel (PRACH), and / or the like.

[0090] In another example, the WTRU can determine whether a resource is available for transmission / reception for the determined availability state based on a (e.g., maximum) number of ports associated with the resource. The resource can be characterized (e.g., associated with) by (e.g., a maximum) number of ports (e.g., the available number of ports can depend on the availability state).

[0091] In yet another example, the WTRU can determine whether a resource is available for transmission / reception for the determined availability state based on receiving (e.g., explicit) configuration information indicating any of the following: availability of resources for (e.g., each) availability state; a time mask pattern associated with (e.g., each) availability state; and / or the like.

[0092] In yet another example, the WTRU can determine whether a resource is available for transmission / reception for the determined availability state based on a periodicity of the resource.

[0093] In one embodiment, the WTRU can receive information indicating a configuration of resources for one or more “wake-up request” (WUR) according to one or more of the following examples.

[0094] In one example, the configuration of resources for one or more WURs can include resource properties such as any of a scrambling code initiator, a set of time occasions, a frequency span, and a spatial filter.

[0095] In another example, the configuration of resources for one or more WURs can include a power control configuration.

[0096] In yet another example, the configuration of resources for one or more WURs can include any parameters that can be used in a WUR procedure such as, for example, a maximum number of repetitions, a “barred” timer, and / or the like.

[0097] In one embodiment, the WTRU can initiate a "wake-up request" procedure (e.g., can transmit a WUR) in case one or more of the following conditions occurs (e.g., is met).

[0098] In one example, the WTRU can transmit a WUR in case a SR is triggered and / or no resources are available for the SR with the current availability status (e.g., within the delay limit).

[0099] In another example, the WTRU can transmit a WUR in case a buffer status report (BSR) is triggered and / or no resources are available for the transmission of the BSR MAC CE in the current availability status (e.g., within the delay limit).

[0100] In yet another example, the WTRU can transmit a WUR in case no grant is available for the transmission of data available for transmission (e.g., considering logical channel prioritization (LCP) restrictions) (e.g., within the delay threshold).

[0101] In yet another example, the WTRU can transmit a WUR in case the buffer status meets a condition (e.g., is above a threshold).

[0102] In yet another example, the WTRU can transmit a WUR in case a mobility and channel related event is triggered, such as any of, for example, a radio resource management (RRM) event, a bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD).

[0103] In yet another example, the WTRU can transmit a WUR in case channel measurements meet or do not meet a condition (e.g., are above or below a configured threshold). For example, the channel measurements that meet or do not meet a condition can include any of: (i) a measured received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and / or reference signal-signal to interference plus noise ratio (RS-SINR) is above or below a threshold; (ii) lack of synchronization signal block (SSB) samples to measure; and (iii) inability to detect primary / secondary synchronization signals (PSS / SSS).

[0104] In yet another example, the WTRU can transmit a WUR in case an availability signal is detected, in accordance with any of the embodiments described herein.

[0105] In yet another example, the WTRU can transmit a WUR in case uplink data arrives for a secondary cell group (SCG) bearer.

[0106] In yet another example, the WTRU can transmit a WUR in case data arrives from any of the data resource bearers DRBs and (e.g., some) signaling radio bearers (SRBs).

[0107] In yet another example, the WTRU can transmit the WUR in case of any of the following: triggering an RRC state change and an RRC procedure (e.g., RRC resume, RRC setup, RRC reestablishment, etc.).

[0108] In yet another example, the WTRU can transmit the WUR in case of receiving an RRC message (e.g., RRC release).

[0109] In yet another example, the WTRU can transmit the WUR in case of any of the following: performing a positioning procedure; transmitting information indicating a positioning report; and determining a location that can be within cell coverage as, for example, a best server.

[0110] In yet another example, the WTRU can transmit the WUR in case of any of the triggers described herein related to transmitting a wake-up request. In one embodiment, the WTRU can select a wake-up request resource (and / or WUR payload) according to one or more of the following information examples.

[0111] In one example, the WTRU can select a wake-up request resource (and / or WUR payload) based on a target availability status. For example, in case a wake-up request resource is associated with a target availability status, the wake-up request resource can be selected.

[0112] In yet another example, the WTRU can select a wake-up request resource (and / or WUR payload) based on an indication of a resource to be used.

[0113] In yet another example, the WTRU can select a wake-up request resource (and / or WUR payload) based on an indication of what triggered the wake-up request (any of the following: SR ID, logical channel ID, logical channel priority, buffer status, etc.).

[0114] In yet another example, the WTRU can select a wake-up request resource (and / or WUR payload) based on a timing of an occasion of a resource to be used.

[0115] In one embodiment, the WTRU can start a timer.

[0116] In one embodiment, the WTRU can transmit and / or receive on an available resource according to a requested availability status. The transmission and / or reception can occur: prior to receiving any information from the network indicating the availability status; and after receiving information indicating (e.g., confirming) the availability status.

[0117] In one embodiment, the WTRU can complete the wake-up request procedure in the event of one or more of the following conditions.

[0118] In a first example, the WTRU can complete the wake-up request procedure in the event that the WTRU receives information indicating an availability state.

[0119] In another example, the WTRU can complete the wake-up request procedure in the event that the WTRU receives a unicast PDCCH (any).

[0120] In yet another example, the WTRU can complete the wake-up request procedure in the event that a timer expires, in accordance with any of the embodiments described herein.

[0121] In yet another example, the WTRU can complete the wake-up request procedure in the event that a certain (e.g., maximum) number of wake-up request transmissions is reached. The WTRU can report this event by transmitting information in any of DCI, MAC CE, and Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages.

[0122] Figure 2 is a transmission timing diagram illustrating an example of WTRU operation that enables network energy saving. For example, the WTRU can have received first information indicating (i) one or more SR resources and (ii) a set of wake-up request occasions, where (e.g., each) SR resource can be associated with one or more availability levels, such as, for example, level 0, level 1, etc. For example, the WTRU can determine to be at a first availability level (e.g., level 0).

[0123] At time 200, there can be an SR resource that can be used (e.g., associated with) either of a first availability level (e.g., level 0) and a second availability level (e.g., level 1).

[0124] At time 202, the WTRU can determine to be able to transmit an SR using an SR resource associated with a second availability level (e.g., level 1) of the one or more availability levels.

[0125] At time 204, for example, in the event that there is no SR resource associated with the second availability level (e.g., level 1), the WTRU can transmit a first wake-up request using a first wake-up request occasion of the set of wake-up request occasions. For example, the WTRU can start a timer for monitoring reception of an availability level indication.

[0126] At time 206, the WTRU can transmit an SR in an SR resource associated with the second availability level.

[0127] At time 208, the WTRU can receive a transmission indicating an availability level indication and can stop the timer. If the timer expires (e.g., if a time period after transmission of the first wake-up request ends) without receiving an availability level indication, the WTRU can transmit a second wake-up request using a second wake-up occasion of the set of wake-up request occasions, where the first wake-up request can be transmitted with a first transmission power and the second wake-up request can be transmitted with a second transmission power that can be higher than the first transmission power.

[0128] Examples of determination of availability state

[0129] The WTRU can determine an availability state of the plurality of availability states based on any of the following examples. For example, there can be two availability states (“on” and “off’), three availability states (e.g., “deep sleep,” “micro sleep,” “on”), or four availability states (e.g., “off,” “deep sleep,” “micro sleep,” “on”). An availability state can be applicable to (e.g., associated with) at least one resource, and a resource can be associated with one or more availability states. An availability state can be applicable to (e.g., associated with) any of a time period, such as any of a time slot and a time symbol. An availability state can be applicable to (e.g., associated with) any of a serving cell, a cell group, a frequency band, a bandwidth part, and a frequency range within a bandwidth part.

[0130] Examples of reception of DCI or MAC CE

[0131] In one embodiment, the WTRU can receive information (e.g., an indication therefrom) in any of downlink control information (DCI) and a MAC control element, and can determine an availability state based on such information (e.g., indication). For example, the information (e.g., indication) can be included in a group common PDCCH. The information (e.g., indication) can indicate at least one identity of an availability state for at least one time period, such as, for example, any of a symbol, a time slot, and a frame. For example, the information (e.g., indication) can correspond to an index of a table, where (e.g., each) entry of the table can indicate a sequence of availability states applicable to a sequence of corresponding time symbols, e.g., from the start of an upcoming time slot. The table can be predefined, or can be configured based on, e.g., an RRC message, by receiving configuration information.

[0132] In another example, the information (e.g., indication) can include a MAC CE indicating an index of an availability state. The availability state can be applicable starting from a delay after reception of the MAC CE or from a delay after transmission of a hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) carrying a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) of the MAC CE. The WTRU can start a timer at that time. The availability state can be applicable until either of reception (or transmission) of signaling indicating (e.g., triggering) a new availability state, and until expiration of the timer. At least one of the delay and the timer can be any of the following: predefined; signaled in the MAC CE; and configured by receiving configuration information (e.g., based on RRC).

[0133] Examples of reception of availability state indication signal

[0134] Throughout the embodiments described herein, the terms “availability state indication,” “availability state indication signal,” “availability level indication,” and “availability level indication signal,” “transmission indicating an availability state indication,” and “transmission indicating an availability level indication” are used interchangeably to designate any transmission confirming that a WTRU can be in an availability state (e.g., at an availability level).

[0135] In one embodiment, a WTRU can determine (e.g., be in) an availability state according to detection (e.g., reception) of an availability state indication (ASI) signal. Such a signal can be generated from at least one sequence, such as any of, for example, Zadoff-Chu, M-sequence, and gold sequence. The WTRU can attempt to detect such a signal during one or more occasions. Such occasions can be linked (e.g., associated) to transmission time of a SSB (synchronization signal block) of a serving cell according to (e.g., defined) timing relationship. Information of any of timing indicating an ASI signal occasion and timing relationship of the ASI signal and the SSB can be received by the WTRU (e.g., indicated by higher layer such as from system information). The WTRU can determine (e.g., be in) an availability state based on at least one property of the availability state indication. For example, the at least one property can include any of the following: a parameter used to generate the at least one sequence; a time offset; and a frequency offset. The parameter and / or offset can be any of the following: predefined; and signaled (e.g., indicated) by a higher layer (e.g., information, signaling) such as system information. The indicated availability state can be applicable until a next (e.g., subsequent) ASI signal occasion.

[0136] Examples of transmission of wake-up request or reception of wake-up response

[0137] In an embodiment, the WTRU can determine (e.g., be in) the availability state after any of: transmitting a wake-up request signal; and receiving a wake-up response signal. The wake-up response signal can be a DL signal (e.g., or channel), including any of: an SSB signal, a reference signal, a measurement resource, a PDCCH transmission, and a PDSCH transmission. In another example, the wake-up response can be indicated by a downlink RRC message. The availability state can be applicable from a delay after transmitting the wake-up request or receiving the wake-up response, which can be brought down to zero. The availability state can be indicated by the wake-up response signal. For example, the WTRU can determine the availability state based on properties of the wake-up response signal according to any of the embodiments described herein for availability state indication signals.

[0138] Examples of higher layer configuration and signaling

[0139] In an embodiment, the WTRU can determine (e.g., be in) the availability state based on receiving (e.g., higher layer) signaling messages, such as, for example, RRC. For example, the WTRU can receive information indicating an initial availability state of a serving cell in an RRC message, such as, for example, any of an RRC connection setup and an RRC (re)configuration message. The information indicating the (e.g., initial) availability state of a serving cell can be received in a broadcast transmission indicating a broadcast configuration. In another example, for at least one serving cell and bandwidth part, the WTRU can receive information indicating an availability state to apply upon activation of the serving cell and / or upon switching to the bandwidth part. For example, the WTRU can receive information indicating a switch to an availability state in a part of an (e.g., RRC) message, such as, for example, any of a DL DCCH message, a DL common control channel (CCCH) message, an RRC release message, an RRC suspend message, and an RRC setup message acknowledgment.

[0140] Examples of RRC connected state or mode

[0141] For example, the WTRU can determine (e.g., be in) the availability state based on a (e.g., RRC) connection state or mode. For example, the WTRU can determine (e.g., be in) the availability state according to reception of an indication of a multiplexed part of an (e.g., RRC) message. The WTRU can be configured and predefined with any of a default availability state, which can or can not be specific (e.g., specific RRC) state (e.g., associated with). For example, the WTRU can determine the availability state autonomously after transitioning to an inactive state.

[0142] Examples of default availability state

[0143] In an embodiment, a WTRU can determine (e.g., be in) a default availability state. According to any of the embodiments described herein, after having determined (e.g., being in) an availability state, a WTRU can determine to be in a default availability state after a period of time has elapsed. A WTRU can determine to be in a default availability state for a time interval for which an applicable availability state cannot be otherwise determined. For example, in a case where a WTRU does not detect (e.g., receive) signaling information indicating an availability state in an occasion of a PDCCH or an ASI signal, the WTRU can determine (e.g., be in) a default availability state for a time interval (such as a time interval between the occasion and a subsequent occasion) of the PDCCH or the ASI signal.

[0144] Examples of determining availability state according to not receiving ASI signal

[0145] A WTRU can monitor reception of an availability state indication signal (ASI) or channel from a gNB associated with one or more availability states (e.g., ON or micro-sleep). For example, a WTRU can be configured with (e.g., can receive configuration information indicating) any of the following: a periodicity associated with an availability indication signal (e.g., per cell); and a monitoring occasion pattern for detecting an availability state indication signal of a cell. An availability state indication signal can be a DL signal (e.g., or channel), including any of the following: an SSB signal, a reference signal, a PDCCH transmission, and a PDSCH transmission. For (e.g., each) cell or carrier, a WTRU can be configured with (e.g., can receive configuration information indicating) an association between an SSB (e.g., or other DL signal) and an availability signal of a cell. For example, in a case where a WTRU does not detect (e.g., receive) an availability state indication signal (e.g., any of an SSB and a CSI-RS) associated with an availability state, the availability state can not be active. For example, in a case where a WTRU does not detect (e.g., receive) an availability state indication signal associated with an availability state “ON”, the availability state can be any of OFF, micro-sleep, and deep-sleep.

[0146] In a case where a signal is measured with a quality indicator (such as, for example, any of a received power of a radio signal (RSRP) and a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR)) that does not satisfy a strength condition (e.g., is below a (e.g., configured) threshold), a WTRU can determine not to detect (e.g., receive) an availability state indication signal or a wake-up response signal.

[0147] For example, a WTRU can use a counter or a detection timer before changing an active availability state or making an availability state determination based on an ASI, whereby the WTRU can (e.g., only) change an availability state if the timer expires or if the WTRU counts a number of consecutive missed samples of an availability state indication signal. For example, a WTRU can determine (e.g., be in) an availability state based on not receiving an ASI signal. For example, not receiving an ASI signal can be determined based on not detecting (e.g., not receiving) any ASI for a period of time and a number of consecutive missed ASI signal samples. For example, a WTRU can be configured with (e.g., receive configuration information indicating) a periodicity for measuring availability state indication signal samples. In a case where a determined measurement of the availability signal within the periodicity satisfies a condition (e.g., is greater than a threshold), the WTRU can stop or (re)start a detection timer or reset a counter. In a case where a determined measurement of the availability signal within the periodicity does not satisfy a condition (e.g., is less than a threshold), the WTRU can increment a counter and / or the WTRU can (re)start a detection timer.

[0148] Examples of determination of resource availability for availability state

[0149] It is described herein how a WTRU can determine what resources are available for a particular (e.g., each) state. For example, which resources are available for which state can be based on any of explicit configuration information and a time pattern.

[0150] For any of a default resource and an additional resource, a WTRU can use one or more of the following techniques to determine whether a resource is available for transmission or reception of (e.g., a given) availability state.

[0151] A resource can correspond to any of the following examples.

[0152] In one example, a resource can correspond to a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource, e.g., configured for any of a HARQ-ACK (e.g., a semi-persistent scheduling HARQ-ACK), a scheduling request (SR), a link recovery request (LRR), and a periodic (e.g., or semi-persistent) CSI.

[0153] In another example, a resource can correspond to a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resource, e.g., configured for a configured grant Type 1 and / or Type 2.

[0154] In yet another example, a resource can correspond to a PRACH resource. For example, any of a PRACH configuration and a subset of PRACH resources can be configured to be (e.g., only) available (e.g., associated with) in a subset of availability states.

[0155] In yet another example, the resource can correspond to a SRS resource.

[0156] In yet another example, the resource can correspond to a CSI-RS resource (e.g., configured for any of CSI reporting, beam failure detection or recovery, radio link monitoring and measurement).

[0157] In yet another example, the resource can correspond to a positioning reference signal (PRS) resource.

[0158] In yet another example, the resource can correspond to a PDCCH source and / or associated Coreset.

[0159] In yet another example, the resource can correspond to a PDSCH resource (e.g., configured for semi-persistent scheduling).

[0160] In yet another example, the resource can correspond to a SSB resource.

[0161] In some embodiments, the WTRU can determine that the resources indicated by the DCI (e.g., excluding the resources activated by the DCI) can be used for any availability state. For example, the WTRU can determine that the resources activated by either of the DCI and the MAC CE can be used for any availability state. For example, a subset of uplink resources (such as, for example, PRACH, PUCCH, or PUSCH) can be activated upon successful reception of a response to the wake-up request by the gNB (such as a DL wake-up signal associated with a wake-up receiver radio at the WTRU). For example, the subset of uplink resources can be activated upon transmission of the wake-up signal.

[0162] Examples of explicit resource configuration

[0163] In some embodiments, the WTRU can receive configuration information (e.g., in an RRC message) indicating resources usable (e.g., associated with) each possible availability state. For example, the WTRU can receive configuration information indicating resources usable in any availability state. Such resources can be referred to as “minimum resources,” and resources usable (e.g., only) in a subset of the availability states can be referred to as “additional resources.” The configuration can correspond to at least one additional information element for (e.g., each) resource indicating at least one state in which the resource is usable. In another example, the configuration can correspond to an additional information element indicating, for a particular (e.g., each) state, resources (e.g., additional resources) usable in the availability state (e.g., associated with).

[0164] Examples of additional state-specific parameters

[0165] In some embodiments, the WTRU can receive information indicating, for at least one parameter of the resource, a configuration of values that the at least one parameter can take for (e.g., each) availability state. For example, a periodicity parameter can take a first (second) value in a first (second) availability state. In another example, a parameter indicating a number of ports can take a first (second) value in a first (second) availability state.

[0166] Examples of time pattern

[0167] In some embodiments, the WTRU can receive configuration information (e.g., via either of RRC and MAC CE) indicating a set of time intervals, e.g., a time pattern of (e.g., each) availability state. Such a time pattern can indicate time intervals during which a resource can be available (or unavailable) for an availability state. For example, a time pattern can correspond to a sequence of bits (e.g., a bitmap) corresponding to a sequence of respective time units, such as any of time symbols, slots, and frames. In a case where a time pattern indicates that it (e.g., completely) includes (or e.g., partially includes) in a time interval that the time pattern can indicate availability, the WTRU can determine that a resource, such as a periodically or semi-persistently recurring (e.g., repeating) resource, is available for a (e.g., given) recurring (e.g., repeating) instance.

[0168] In the case of PRACH, the WTRU can receive configuration information indicating a subset of PRACH occasions for (e.g., each) availability state.

[0169] Maximum periodicity

[0170] In some embodiments, in a case where a periodicity of a resource satisfies a condition (e.g., is greater than (or greater than or equal to) a threshold configured for an availability state), e.g., associated with the availability state, the WTRU can determine that the resource, which is periodically or e.g., semi-persistently recurring (e.g., repeating), is available for the availability state. For example, in a case where a threshold for an availability state is 2 slots (e.g., per time unit), if a periodicity of a resource is 2 slots or more (e.g., per time unit), the resource can be available in the availability state, otherwise not. A condition (e.g., threshold) applicable to a particular state (e.g., associated with the state) can be configured by RRC (e.g., by receiving configuration information indicating the condition), or can be signaled (e.g., indicated) in a MAC CE indicating an availability state.

[0171] Maximum number of antenna ports

[0172] In an embodiment, the WTRU can determine that a resource is available for an availability state in a case where a number of antenna ports associated with the resource or configured for the resource satisfies a condition (e.g., is less than (or less than or equal to) a threshold value) associated with the state, for example. The condition (e.g., threshold value) applicable for a particular state (e.g., associated with the state) can be configured by RRC (e.g., by receiving configuration information indicating the condition), or can be signaled (e.g., indicated) in a MAC CE indicating the availability state.

[0173] Examples of adaptation of DL resources per availability state

[0174] Radio resource management (RRM) / radio link management (RLM) / beam failure detection (BFD)

[0175] For example, the WTRU can be configured with (e.g., receive configuration information indicating) any of different beam failure detection and RLM resources to monitor per availability state.

[0176] For example, the WTRU can monitor any of additional RLM, RRM, and BFD resources (e.g., reference signals (RS) or SSBs) after transmitting a wake-up request signal or after receiving a wake-up request response. Transmitting a wake-up request from (e.g., a particular) availability state can imply (e.g., indicate) a request for any of additional RLM, RRM, and BFD resources to be transmitted by a network (NW) and to be monitored by the WTRU.

[0177] SSB / RS

[0178] For example, the WTRU can be configured with (e.g., receive configuration information indicating) different sets of SSBs and / or CSI-RSs to monitor per availability state. For example, the WTRU can be configured with (e.g., receive configuration information indicating) different monitoring periodicities per availability state for applicable SSBs and / or CSI-RSs. For example, the WTRU can adjust measurement occasions according to a periodicity of applicable SSBs and / or CSI-RSs associated with an active availability state. For example, the WTRU can measure SSB and / or CSI-RS samples (e.g., only) in occasions applicable for the active availability state. For example, according to a configured SSB and / or CSI-RS periodicity associated with an availability state, the WTRU can skip a configured measurement gap that can not overlap with applicable SSB and / or CSI-RS occasions in the active availability state.

[0179] PDCCH monitoring

[0180] For example, the WTRU can be configured (e.g., receiving configuration information indicating) different groups of any of the core set, search space, and PDCCH timings for monitoring according to availability status. Within the configured core set or search space, the WTRU can be configured (e.g., receiving configuration information indicating) a PDCCH timing mask that indicates to the WTRU which subset of PDCCH timings within the configured core set or search space should be monitored or skipped. For example, the WTRU can (e.g., only) monitor PDCCHs during timings applicable to the active availability status. The WTRU can skip PDCCH timings that may not be transmitted during the active availability status.

[0181] Examples of link between WTRU power saving state and availability state

[0182] In one implementation, the WTRU may be configured or predefined with an association between a WTRU power-saving state and an availability state. For example, the WTRU may switch its WTRU power-saving state to a WTRU power-saving state associated with an active availability state. For example, the WTRU may determine the active availability state based on the active WTRU power-saving state. For example, the WTRU may determine the active availability state based on (e.g., signaled) the WTRU power-saving state (e.g., based on receiving information indicating the WTRU power-saving state). For example, the WTRU may apply associated resource and measurement configurations configured for availability states and / or WTRU power-saving states. WTRU power-saving states may include at least one of the following examples.

[0183] In one example, the WTRU power saving state may include the DRX state (active versus inactive).

[0184] In another example, the WTRU power-saving state may include a DRX cycle (long relative to short).

[0185] In yet another example, the WTRU power saving state may include the primary DRX or the secondary DRX.

[0186] In another example, the WTRU power saving status may include an indication of whether the WTRU is monitoring wake-up signals from the network.

[0187] In another example, the WTRU power saving state can be associated with the number of active antenna chains or components.

[0188] In another example, the WTRU power-saving state may include either the RRM or RLM relaxation state.

[0189] In another example, the WTRU power saving state may include a PDCCH skip state.

[0190] Examples of WUR signal determination

[0191] In some embodiments, the WUR signal can be a sequence (e.g., any of a Zadoff-Chu, m-sequence, and gold sequence). For example, a set of sequences can be any of the following: reserved, configured, and used for WUR signal indication. The WTRU can determine a sequence within a set of sequences for a WUR transmission to indicate associated information for the WUR signal, where the associated information can include one or more of the following information examples.

[0192] In one example, a sequence in a set of sequences can be associated with (e.g., can indicate) a coverage level of the WTRU, where the coverage level of the WTRU can be determined based on any of the following: (1) a latest coverage level of the WTRU before the network can have moved to an idle state (e.g., a dormant state); (2) a latest coverage level of the WTRU before the WTRU can have moved to an idle state (e.g., an inactive state); and (3) a proximity to a gNB (e.g., based on a WTRU location and a gNB location).

[0193] In another example, a sequence in a set of sequences can be associated with (e.g., can indicate) a geographic location, where the geographic location information can be determined based on any of the following: (1) a zone identification (e.g., one or more zones can be configured by a gNB, and the WTRU can determine a zone (e.g., identification) based on a WTRU location) in which the WTRU can be located, where each zone (e.g.,) can be associated with a sequence; and (2) an absolute WTRU location.

[0194] In yet another example, a sequence in a set of sequences can be associated with (e.g., can indicate) a measurement of a reference signal, where the reference signal can be periodically measured, for example, by a gNB.

[0195] In yet another example, a sequence in a set of sequences can be associated with (e.g., can indicate) a WTRU buffer status.

[0196] In yet another example, a sequence in a set of sequences can be associated with (e.g., can indicate) a traffic type, such as, for example, any of URLLC, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and massive machine type communications (mMTC).

[0197] In yet another example, a sequence of the set of sequences can be associated with (e.g., can indicate) a WTRU type (such as, for example, any of a low capability WTRU, a high capability WTRU), which can be determined based on any of a number of Rx antennas, a supported bandwidth, a power class, and / or the like.

[0198] In yet another example, a sequence of the set of sequences can be associated with (e.g., can indicate) an expected (minimum) bandwidth.

[0199] In yet another example, a sequence of the set of sequences can be associated with (e.g., can indicate) a determined SSB index (or, for example, preferred beam information).

[0200] In some embodiments, a WUR signal can be an UL signal (such as, for example, any of a PRACH, a PUCCH, an SRS, a demodulation reference signal (DMRS)). For example, a set of UL signal resources can be any of reserved, configured, and used (e.g., for transmission) for WUR signal indication. For example, a WTRU can determine, within a set of UL signal resources, an UL signal resource for WUR transmission to indicate associated information for a WUR signal.

[0201] Examples of WUR signal based on coverage level

[0202] In some embodiments, a WUR signal can be defined, designed, or configured based on a coverage level of a WTRU. For example, a coverage level of a WUR signal can be determined based on one or more of the following examples.

[0203] In one example, a WUR signal can be determined based on a waveform (e.g., a first waveform can be used if a WTRU is within a first coverage level, and a second waveform can be used if a WTRU is within a second coverage level, and the first waveform can be based on a cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) and the second waveform can be based on a discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)).

[0204] In another example, a WUR signal can be determined based on a number of repetitions (e.g., a larger number of repetitions can be used for a WUR if a WTRU is within a poor coverage level).

[0205] In yet another example, the WUR signal can be determined based on a sequence length (e.g., a first sequence length can be used for the WUR in case the WTRU is within a first coverage level, and a second sequence length can be used for the WUR when the WTRU is within a second coverage level, where the first sequence length can be longer than the second sequence length in case the first coverage level is worse than the second coverage level).

[0206] In yet another example, the WUR signal can be determined based on a sequence type.

[0207] In yet another example, the WUR signal can be determined based on a number of tones (e.g., subcarriers) used for the WUR.

[0208] In yet another example, the WUR signal can be determined based on a subcarrier spacing used for the WUR (e.g., a smaller subcarrier spacing can be used in case the WTRU is within a worse (e.g., lower) coverage level).

[0209] Examples of gNB response to WUR signal

[0210] In some embodiments, the WTRU can expect to receive a gNB response after transmitting the WUR signal, where the gNB response can include one or more of the following examples.

[0211] In one example, the gNB response can include an SSB (e.g., an SSB associated with the WUR signal).

[0212] In another example, the gNB response can include information indicating a PDCCH (or search space) associated with the WUR signal.

[0213] In yet another example, the gNB response can include a reference signal associated with the WUR signal, such as, for example, any of a tracking reference signal (TRS) and a CSI-RS.

[0214] For example, in case a gNB response is not detected (e.g., received) within a time window after transmitting the WUR signal, the WTRU can perform one or more of the following operation examples.

[0215] In one operation example, in case a gNB response is not received at the end of a time period after transmission of the WUR, the WTRU can increase the transmission power of the WUR signal (e.g., increase the transmission power by an offset).

[0216] In another operation example, the WTRU can increase a coverage level of a wake-up request signal (WUR).

[0217] In yet another operation example, the WTRU can change a WUR type.

[0218] In yet another example of operation, a WTRU can determine that a serving cell can be out of coverage and can perform an initial cell search.

[0219] Wake-up request resource configuration

[0220] In some embodiments, a WTRU can receive configuration information indicating one or more wake-up request (WUR) resources. The configuration information can include (e.g., indicate) any of the following: (i) parameters for initializing at least one sequence; (ii) parameters determining a set of (e.g., possible) time occasions; (iii) frequency domain information; and (iv) spatial filter (beam) information. The configuration information may, for example, include (e.g., indicate) parameters that can be used in a WUR procedure, such as, for example, any of the following: a (e.g., maximum) number of repetitions; a value of a “barred” timer; and a value (e.g., time period) of a timer for transitioning back to a default availability state.

[0221] The configuration information (e.g., indicated in the configuration information) of the WUR resources can be selected depending on or based on one or more of the following examples.

[0222] In a first example, the WUR resources can be associated with one or more availability states and can be selected based on an availability state requested by the WTRU.

[0223] In another example, the WUR resources can be associated with a scheduling request.

[0224] In yet another example, the WUR resources can be selected depending on or based on any of the following: a logical channel identification and a logical channel priority for which data is available for transmission (e.g., for which an SR can be transmitted).

[0225] In yet another example, the WUR resources can be selected depending on or based on an amount of data available for transmission.

[0226] In yet another example, the WUR resources can be selected depending on or based on a trigger type (such as any of the triggers described herein).

[0227] In yet another example, the WUR resources can be selected depending on or based on a coverage level as described herein.

[0228] In some embodiments, in a case where a WUR includes a set of modulation symbols, any of the parameters described above can be encoded and mapped to (e.g., associated with) the modulation symbols.

[0229] For example, a WTRU can receive configuration information indicating power control parameters applicable to WUR. For example, such parameters can include any of the following: an offset to estimate path loss, Po; and an alpha parameter, a.

[0230] Wake-up request triggering and procedures are described herein.

[0231] Wake-up request triggering and procedure

[0232] Wake-up request triggering and procedures are described herein.

[0233] Examples of conditions for transmission of wake-up request

[0234] A WTRU can transmit a wake-up request signal (e.g., trigger transmission of a wake-up request signal) in the event one or more of the following condition examples are met.

[0235] In one example, a WTRU can transmit a wake-up request signal (e.g., trigger transmission of a wake-up request signal) in the event new data (e.g., a subset from any of data radio bearers (DRBs), SRBs, logical channels (LCHs), and logical channel groups (LCGs), which can be associated with any of priority levels and indices) arrives.

[0236] In another example, a WTRU can transmit a wake-up request signal (e.g., trigger transmission of a wake-up request signal) in the event a transmission is made on an associated uplink resource (e.g., a WTRU can trigger a wake-up request in the event a transport block (TB) can be transmitted on a subset of associated resources (e.g., any of PUSCH, PUCCH, and PRACH resources)).

[0237] In yet another example, a WTRU can transmit a wake-up request signal (e.g., trigger transmission of a wake-up request signal) in the event an amount of buffered data meets a condition (e.g., is above a threshold). For example, a WTRU can trigger a wake-up request if an amount of buffered data (e.g., a subset from any of DRBs, LCHs, and LCGs) is above a configured or predefined threshold.

[0238] In yet another example, a WTRU can transmit a wake-up request signal (e.g., trigger transmission of a wake-up request signal) in the event any of a buffer status report (BSR) and an SR is triggered (e.g., determined to be transmitted). For example, a WTRU can trigger a wake-up request in the event a new BSR and / or a new SR is triggered, e.g., if a new SR is for a particular SR configuration (such as, for example, a particular SR resource) (e.g., is associated with a particular SR configuration).

[0239] In yet another example, the WTRU can transmit a wake-up request signal (e.g., trigger transmission of a wake-up request) in a case where any of uplink control information (UCI) and data can be for transmission. For example, the WTRU can trigger a wake-up request in a case where new UCI is to be transmitted according to any of the following: (i) UCI type (e.g., any of HARQ ACK, CSI, and precoding matrix indicator (PMI)); (ii) priority associated with the UCI; and (iii) any of LCH and DRB associated with the UCI.

[0240] In yet another example, the WTRU can transmit a wake-up request signal (e.g., trigger transmission of a wake-up request) in a case where a beam failure and / or a radio link monitoring (RLM) event is detected.

[0241] In yet another example, the WTRU can transmit a wake-up request signal (e.g., trigger transmission of a wake-up request) in a case where channel conditions are measured using a quality that meets or does not meet a condition (e.g., is above or below (e.g., a configured) threshold). Channel conditions can include, for example, any condition related to the status of a radio / channel, which can be determined by the WTRU based on any of the following: (1) WTRU measurement (e.g., any of the following: (i) L1 / SINR / RSRP; (ii) channel quality information / modulation and coding scheme (CQI / MCS); (iii) channel occupancy; (iv) received signal strength indicator (RSSI); (v) power headroom and / or exposure headroom); (2) L3 / mobility-based measurement (e.g., RSRP and / or reference signal received quality (RSRQ)); (3) RLM status; and (4) channel availability in unlicensed spectrum (e.g., whether a channel is occupied based on a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure determination and / or whether a channel is deemed to have experienced (e.g., consistent, persistent) LBT failure).

[0242] In yet another example, the WTRU can transmit a wake-up request signal (e.g., trigger transmission of a wake-up request) in a case where a L3 or mobility event is triggered.

[0243] In yet another example, the WTRU can transmit a wake-up request signal (e.g., trigger transmission of a wake-up request) in a case where (e.g., consistent, persistent) ULL LBT failure is detected on a serving cell and / or active BWP.

[0244] In yet another example, in the case of WTRU autonomous BWP switching (e.g., when the BWP switching timer expires and / or due to initiation of RACH), the WTRU can transmit (e.g., trigger transmission of) a wake-up request signal.

[0245] In yet another example, in the case of entering any of (e.g., a particular) discontinuous reception (DRX) state, cycle, and power saving mode (e.g., including short and / or long connected mode DRX), the WTRU can transmit (e.g., trigger transmission of) a wake-up request signal.

[0246] In yet another example, in the case of triggering any of a tracking area update and a RAN paging area update (e.g., when moving to a cell outside of a serving RAN paging area that can not have a WTRU context), the WTRU can transmit (e.g., trigger transmission of) a wake-up request signal.

[0247] Examples of procedure for transitioning between availability state and wake-up request retransmission

[0248] In some embodiments, the WTRU can start a timer (e.g., a “prohibit” timer) upon transmitting a wake-up request after transitioning to an availability state. For example, the WTRU can transition to an availability state associated with the wake-up request upon (e.g., after) transmitting the wake-up request. In another example, the WTRU can transition to an availability state associated with the wake-up request (e.g., only) after receiving a response from the gNB, which can be any of: a PDCCH transmission; a PDSCH transmission; and reception of any of a control signal and a control element. The WTRU can stop the timer in the case of any of: receiving an availability state indication and a response to the wake-up request from the gNB. The WTRU can stop the timer upon (e.g., after) receiving a downlink signal from the gNB.

[0249] In some embodiments, the WTRU can transition to a default configured availability state after the "barred" timer expires, or to a state active prior to transmission of the wake-up request. The WTRU can change its (e.g., RRC) state (e.g., change to either of an inactive mode and an idle mode) after the "barred" timer expires. For example, the WTRU can transmit another (or second) wake-up request after the timer expires, or retransmit the wake-up request, e.g., using modified transmission parameters, including any of transmission power, timing advance, and spatial filter. For example, the WTRU can set a value of the "barred" timer to a random backoff, whereby a random value can be selected between zero and (e.g., a configured maximum) timer value. The WTRU can retransmit the wake-up request on a supplemental uplink (SUL) after the "barred" timer expires and / or after a configured number of attempts. For example, the WTRU can transmit a wake-up request associated with any of a different availability state, a different transmission / reception point (TRP), and a different carrier after any of: (i) no response to the wake-up request is received from the network; (ii) the "barred" timer expires; and (iii) a configured number of wake-up request attempts is transmitted.

[0250] For example, the WTRU can be configured with (e.g., receive configuration information indicating) a (e.g., maximum) number of allowed wake-up request transmissions. For example, the WTRU can maintain a counter, which the WTRU can increment (e.g., by one) after transmission of a wake-up request. For example, the WTRU can transmit a plurality of wake-up request signals until a value configured for the (e.g., maximum) number of allowed wake-up request transmissions is reached. For example, the WTRU can reset the counter upon receiving a response to the wake-up request from the gNB. Upon reaching the (e.g., maximum) number of allowed wake-up request transmissions, the WTRU can do any of: (i) transition to a default configured availability state for the cell; (ii) transmit a wake-up request signal on a different serving cell and / or TRP; and (iii) change its (e.g., RRC) state.

[0251] Examples of resource monitoring and selection per availability state

[0252] For example, the WTRU can activate or deactivate beam failure detection and / or RLM according to an active availability state. The WTRU can be configured with (e.g., receive configuration information indicating) whether to use RLM and / or bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) per availability state. Upon switching to an availability state, the WTRU can monitor BFD and / or RLM signals if the BFD and / or RLM signals are configured for (e.g., associated with) the availability state.

[0253] For example, a WTRU can be configured (e.g., can receive configuration information indicating) different beam failure detection and / or RLM resources to monitor per availability state. For example, BFD and / or RLM resources can be associated with one or more availability states. Depending on the active availability state, a WTRU can use different values for any of the BFD timer and BFD threshold. Depending on the active network availability state, a WTRU can apply different values for any of the RLM timer and counting threshold. A WTRU can suspend BFD and / or RLM in case the network (and / or the WTRU) is in an “off’ or “deep sleep” availability state.

[0254] In some embodiments, a WTRU can be configured or predefined to initiate a cell reselection or SI acquisition procedure after switching to an availability state. For example, a WTRU can also perform any of a cell search, initial access, and mobility procedures. For example, a WTRU can be configured (e.g., receive configuration information indicating) whether a WTRU can perform a cell reselection per availability state. For example, in case a WTRU determines that a serving cell can have transitioned to an availability state, a WTRU can be configured (e.g., receive configuration information indicating) an alternative serving cell that can be used by a WTRU in that availability state. For example, a WTRU can initiate a random access procedure to connect to an alternative serving cell.

[0255] In some embodiments, a WTRU can activate or deactivate one or more carriers and / or bandwidth parts (BWPs) on a serving cell depending on the active availability state. For example, in case a WTRU determines to transition to an availability state, a WTRU can be configured (e.g., receive configuration information indicating the above) per availability state with a subset of carriers and / or BWPs that a WTRU can deactivate. For example, in case a WTRU determines to transition from an availability state to a different availability state, a WTRU can reactivate those carriers and / or BWPs. The same can be configured on a per active carrier basis. For example, a WTRU can monitor availability signals per availability state per active component carrier and / or BWP.

[0256] In some embodiments, a subset of uplink resources (e.g., any of RACH, PUSCH, and PUCCH) of a serving cell can not be used by a WTRU in the absence of an availability signal received by the WTRU prior to the uplink resources. For example, in the absence of detecting an availability signal, all uplink resources can not be available for transmission by the WTRU until the next availability signal occasion. For example, the WTRU can start a timer based on not detecting an availability signal in an availability signal occasion, and the WTRU can not use any uplink resources while such timer is running (e.g., during a time period corresponding to the timer). For example, the WTRU can transition in a C-DRX state (e.g., short DRX or long DRX) based on not detecting an availability signal.

[0257] For example, a WTRU can be configured with a resource configuration (e.g., configuration information indicating resources can be received) that can be used in an active availability state, including, for example, any of uplink resources, measurement resources, downlink data resources, and control resources. The WTRU can activate or deactivate preconfigured resources (e.g., any of RACH, PDCCH, PUCCH, PUSCH, CG, and DL semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) resources), for example, in accordance with an active availability state. The WTRU can not use (for uplink) or monitor (for downlink) resources, for example, that can be deactivated based on transitioning to an availability state to which they can not be associated.

[0258] In some embodiments, a WTRU can be configured to transmit a wake-up request signal on any of normal uplink (NUL) and supplementary uplink (SUL). For example, the WTRU can transmit a wake-up request signal on SUL in the event that a channel measurement result (e.g., RSRP) fails to satisfy a condition (e.g., less than a (e.g., configured) threshold). The WTRU can transmit a wake-up request signal on SUL, for example, in a subset of availability states. For example, the WTRU can transmit a wake-up signal on SUL in the absence of detecting an availability indication signal. For example, UL resources on SUL (e.g., only) can be active in a subset of (e.g., configured) availability states.

[0259] In some embodiments, for a DRB configured with any of carrier aggregation (CA) and DC duplication, the WTRU can (e.g., autonomously) deactivate duplication in case at least one of the branches associated with the duplicated DRB changes availability state (e.g., is turned off or is in sleep mode). For example, the WTRU can (e.g., only) apply duplication in a subset of availability states, which can be configured by RRC (e.g., by receiving configuration information). For example, in case the master node (MN) and the secondary node (SN) are in the same availability state (e.g., “on”), the WTRU can perform DC duplication.

[0260] In some embodiments, for split bearers, the WTRU can (e.g., only) transmit data to (e.g., two) gNBs in a subset of availability states, which can be configured by RRC (e.g., by receiving configuration information). For example, in case the MN and the SN are in the same availability state (e.g., “on”), the WTRU can (e.g., only) perform regular packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) split bearer operation.

[0261] Examples of wake-up request in RRC inactive and idle

[0262] In some embodiments, in case the availability state is active or is no longer active, the WTRU can be configured to (e.g., autonomously) switch to a particular (e.g., RRC) state, such as any of (e.g., RRC) idle and inactive, for example. For example, the WTRU can switch to any of (e.g., RRC) inactive and idle states based on determining that the availability state is “off”.

[0263] For example, the WTRU can be configured with (e.g., receive configuration information indicating) a subset of physical random access channel (PRACH) and / or PUCCH resources (e.g., RACH occasions), which can be used when the WTRU can be in an availability state (e.g., any of off and deep sleep). In case the applicable availability state is active, the WTRU can not use other RACH occasions.

[0264] In some embodiments, in case the WTRU is in a particular (e.g., RRC) state, such as any of (e.g., RRC) idle and inactive states, for example, the WTRU can receive (e.g., consider) a preamble transmission as a wake-up request signal. For example, the WTRU can initiate a RA procedure based on (e.g., triggering) a wake-up request (e.g., in case a condition for transmitting a wake-up request is met). For example, the WTRU can initiate a new RA procedure upon data arrival while being in an applicable availability state (e.g., “off” or “deep sleep”).

[0265] Figure 3 FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method 600 for network energy saving. For example, the method can be implemented in a WTRU. At step 610, the WTRU can determine a resource availability state based on any of a DCI, a MAC CE, and a signal. At step 620, the WTRU can determine whether a resource is available based on the resource availability state. At step 630, the WTRU can transmit a wake-up request signal in response to determining that the resource can not be available. At step 640, the WTRU can switch to a resource availability state in which a resource is available in response to determining that the resource can not be available.

[0266] For example, the WTRU can start a timer when switching to the resource availability state in which a resource is available.

[0267] For example, the WTRU can return to the resource availability state in which a resource can not be available in response to expiration of the timer, and can transmit another wake-up request signal at a higher power than another power at which the WTRU can have previously transmitted the wake-up request signal.

[0268] For example, the WTRU can determine that the WTRU can have transmitted a maximum number of allowed wake-up request signals, and can perform the following actions in response to determining that the WTRU can have transmitted the maximum number of allowed wake-up request signals: (i) the WTRU can transition to a default configured availability state of a current serving cell; (ii) the WTRU can transmit a wake-up request signal on a different serving cell; and (iii) the WTRU can change a radio resource control (RRC) state of the WTRU.

[0269] For example, the WTRU can receive an indication of the resource availability state in which a resource is available, and the WTRU can stop the timer in response to receiving the indication.

[0270] For example, the WTRU can be configured with an association between a WTRU power saving state and the resource availability state in which a resource is available. The method can further include switching, by the WTRU, in response to determining that a resource can not be available for the WTRU power saving state associated with the resource availability state in which a resource is available.

[0271] For example, the WTRU can be configured with different resources to monitor per resource availability state. The method can further include monitoring, by the WTRU, a resource associated with the resource availability state in which a resource is available in response to determining that a resource can not be available.

[0272] Figure 4is a diagram illustrating another example of a method 400 for network energy saving. For example, the method 400 can be implemented in a WTRU. At step 410, the WTRU can receive first information indicating (i) one or more SR resources and (ii) a set of wake-up request occasions, where each SR resource is associated with one or more availability levels. At step 420, the WTRU can determine that the WTRU can be at a first availability level. At step 430, the WTRU can transmit a first wake-up request using a first wake-up request occasion of the set of wake-up request occasions, where the first wake-up request can be transmitted based on a determination that an SR can be transmitted using an SR resource associated with a second availability level of the one or more availability levels. At step 440, the WTRU can transmit an SR in the SR resource associated with the second availability level. At step 450, upon expiration of a time period following transmission of the first wake-up request without receiving an availability level indication, the WTRU can transmit a second wake-up request using a second wake-up occasion of the set of wake-up request occasions, where the first wake-up request can be transmitted at a first transmission power and the second wake-up request can be transmitted at a second transmission power that can be higher than the first transmission power.

[0273] For example, the first wake-up request occasion can be selected based on a determination that the first wake-up request occasion can be associated with the second availability level.

[0274] For example, the WTRU can be determined to be at the first availability level based on receiving a transmission indicating the first availability level.

[0275] For example, the transmission can include a DCI indicating the first availability level.

[0276] For example, the transmission can include a MAC CE indicating the first availability level.

[0277] For example, the first availability level can be applicable upon receiving the MAC CE indicating the first availability level or upon acknowledging the transmission carrying the MAC CE.

[0278] For example, the transmission can include a signal generated from at least one sequence, where the first availability level can be determined based on at least one property of the at least one sequence.

[0279] For example, the at least one property can include any of: a parameter used to generate the at least one sequence; a time offset; and a frequency offset.

[0280] For example, the transmission can include an RRC message indicating the first availability level.

[0281] For example, the WTRU can be determined to be at the first level of availability based on determining that a period of time has elapsed without receiving any transmissions indicating any level of availability after determining that the WTRU can be at the third level of availability.

[0282] For example, the SR resource can be associated with a periodicity, where the SR resource can be associated with the second level of availability if the periodicity satisfies a condition associated with the second level of availability.

[0283] For example, the condition associated with the second level of availability can be satisfied if the periodicity associated with the SR resource is greater than or equal to a threshold value associated with the second level of availability.

[0284] For example, the SR resource can be associated with a number of antenna ports, where the SR resource can be associated with the second level of availability if the number of antenna ports satisfies a condition associated with the second level of availability.

[0285] For example, the condition associated with the second level of availability can be satisfied if the number of antenna ports associated with the SR resource is less than or equal to a threshold value associated with the second level of availability.

[0286] For example, the first information can further indicate a condition associated with the second level of availability.

[0287] For example, the first level of availability and the second level of availability can be associated with a first power saving state and a second power saving state of the WTRU, respectively.

[0288] For example, the SR can be determined to be transmitted using the SR resource associated with the second level of availability based on any of: a logical channel that can transmit the SR and a priority of the logical channel.

[0289] For example, the method can further include determining a sequence for the first wake-up request and the second wake-up request within a set of sequences, where the sequence can be associated with any of: (i) a coverage level; (ii) a geographical location; (iii) a measurement of a reference signal; (iv) a buffer status; (v) a traffic type; (vi) a logical channel that can transmit the SR or a priority of the logical channel; (vii) a WTRU type; (viii) a requested bandwidth; and (ix) beam information.

[0290] For example, the first information can further indicate a parameter for initializing at least one sequence of the set of sequences.

[0291] For example, the method can further include initiating a cell reselection with an alternative serving cell that can be associated with the second level of availability.

[0292] For example, the first information can indicate an alternative serving cell to be used at the second level of availability.

[0293] Throughout the embodiments described herein, (e.g., configuration) information can be described as being received by a WTRU from a network, e.g., through system information or via any kind of protocol message. Although not explicitly mentioned in the embodiments described herein, the same (e.g., configuration) information can be pre-configured in the WTRU (e.g., via any kind of pre-configuration method, such as via factory settings), such that the (e.g., configuration) information can be used by the WTRU without being received from the network.

[0294] Any feature, variant, or embodiment described with respect to the method is compatible with: a device apparatus comprising means for processing the disclosed method, a device comprising circuitry configured to process the disclosed method, including any of a transmitter, a receiver, a processor, and a memory, a computer program product comprising program code instructions, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing program instructions.

[0295] Although features and elements are provided in particular combinations in the above examples, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that each feature or element can be used alone or in any combination with the other features and elements. The disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, which are intended as illustrations only. Numerous modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Unless explicitly provided otherwise, no element, act, or instruction used in the present application description should be construed as being critical, important, or necessary to the inventive function or functions in question. In view of the foregoing description, those skilled in the art will understand that the functions and advantages of the disclosure are not limited to those expressly described in the specification. Rather, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this document. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The disclosure is limited only by the terms of the claims and the full scope of equivalents therefor. It is to be understood that the disclosure is not limited to particular methods or systems.

[0296] For simplicity, the foregoing embodiments are discussed in terms of infrared-capable devices, i.e., infrared emitters and receivers. However, the embodiments discussed are not limited to these systems, but are applicable to other systems that use other forms of electromagnetic waves or non-electromagnetic waves, such as sound waves.

[0297] It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the term "video" or the term "image" can mean any of a snapshot, a single image, and / or a plurality of images displayed on a time basis. Also, as referred to herein, the term "user equipment" and its acronym "UE", the term "remote", and / or the term "head-mounted display" or its acronym "HMD" can mean or include (i) a wireless transmit and / or receive unit (WTRU); (ii) any of a plurality of embodiments of a WTRU; (iii) a device with wireless functionality and / or with wired functionality (e.g., tetherable) configured with some or all of the structure and functionality of a WTRU, in particular; (iii) a device with wireless functionality and / or with wired functionality configured with less than all of the structure and functionality of a WTRU; or (iv) the like. Various disclosed embodiments herein are described above and below with respect to Figures 1A-1D Details of exemplary WTRUs that can represent any of the WTRUs described herein are provided. Also, various disclosed embodiments herein are described above and below as utilizing a head-mounted display. Those skilled in the art will recognize that devices other than a head-mounted display can be utilized, and some or all of the various disclosed embodiments can be modified accordingly without undue experimentation. Examples of such other devices can include a drone or other device configured to stream information to provide an adapted reality experience.

[0298] In addition, the methods provided herein can be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated in a computer- readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer- readable media include electronic signals (optical, electrical or the like) transmittable over a wire or wireless connection and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, register storage, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks, and digital versatile disks (DVDs). A processor in association with software can be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, MME, EPC, AMF, or any host computer. The processor can be for implementing

[0299] Variations of the methods, apparatuses, and systems provided above are possible without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In view of the various implementations that can be applied, it should be understood that the illustrated embodiments are examples only and should not be considered limiting the scope of the following claims. For example, the embodiments provided herein include a handheld device that can include or use with any suitable voltage source (such as a battery or the like) that provides any suitable voltage.

[0300] Further, in the embodiments provided above, processing platforms, computing systems, controllers, and other devices including processors are noted. These devices can include at least one central processing unit ("CPU") and memory. In accordance with the practices of persons skilled in the art of computer programming, reference to acts and symbolic representations of operations or instructions can be performed by the various CPUs and memories. Such acts and operations or instructions can be referred to as being "executed," "computer executed" or "CPU executed."

[0301] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the acts and symbolically represented operations or instructions include the manipulation of electrical signals by the CPU. The electrical system representations, data bits, can result in the most

[0302] Data bits can also be maintained on computer-readable media including magnetic disks, optical disks, and any other volatile (e.g., random access memory ("RAM")) or non-volatile (e.g., read-only memory ("ROM")) mass storage system readable by the CPU. The computer-readable medium can include cooperating or interconnected computer-readable media, which exist exclusively in the processing system, or be distributed among multiple interconnected processing systems located locally or remotely from the processing system. It is understood that the embodiments are not limited to the above-mentioned memory, and that other platforms and memory can support the provided methods.

[0303] In an illustrative embodiment, any of the operations, processes, etc. described herein can be implemented as computer-readable instructions stored on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable instructions can be executed by a processor of a mobile unit, network element, and / or any other computing device.

[0304] There is little distinction between the use of hardware and software in terms of the systems described herein. The use of hardware or software is generally (but not always, in that in certain contexts the choice between hardware and software can become significant) a design choice representing cost vs. efficiency based on the particular application and performance constraints present in the context of the process and / or system and / or other technology. There can be various vehicles by which processes and / or systems and / or other technologies described herein can be effected (e.g., hardware, software, and / or firmware), and the preferred vehicle can vary with the context in which the processes and / or systems and / or other technologies are deployed. For example, if an implementer determines that speed and accuracy are paramount, the implementer can opt for a mainly hardware and / or firmware vehicle. If flexibility is paramount, the implementer can opt for a mainly software implementation. Alternatively, the implementer can opt for some combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware.

[0305] The above detailed description has shown, described, and pointed out the various embodiments of the devices and / or processes. Based on the teachings provided herein, a person skilled in the art will recognize that various substitutions and modifications can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. In addition, it will be recognized that the described embodiments can be used in combination with each other in order to achieve yet other embodiments. As such, the described embodiments are not limited by the foregoing description, but offered by way of the foregoing description. For a description of the disclosures in their full scope, reference should be made to the appended claims.

[0306] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the description of devices and / or processes herein is illustrative, and that skilled artisans will be capable of adapting these described devices and / or processes for use in data processing systems by applying routine engineering. That is, at least a portion of the devices and / or processes described herein can be integrated into data processing systems via a reasonable amount of experimentation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a typical data processing system can include one or more of the following components: a system unit housing; a video display device; memory such as volatile memory and non-volatile memory; processing

[0307] The herein described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermediate components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected", or "operably coupled", to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable", to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.

[0308] With respect to essentially any plural and / or singular terms herein, the skilled artisan can convert from plural to singular and / or singular to plural as appropriate in accordance with the context and / or application. For clarity, various singular / plural permutations are explicitly set forth herein.

[0309] It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., as set forth in the claims’ body and / or preamble) are intended to be interpreted as “open ended” unless otherwise indicated. Thus, for example, a phrase referring to “at least an item” is intended to mean that a given item is an item and also that there is at least one of the item in the present application. This interpretation is applicable similarly where the term “comprises” is used in the claims. Similarly, a phrase referring to “at least one of a first and second item” is intended to refer to at least one of the first item or the second item. Further, where a phrase is used herein that has been used to interpret a similar phrase in the claims, such interpretation should apply equally to the claims. For example, where the phrase “at least one of a first and second item” is used in the description, such phrase should also be interpreted to apply to the claims. Similarly, where a meaning given to a phrase in the claims is contrary to the meaning of the phrase used in the description, the phrase in the claims should control. It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., as set forth in the claims’ body and / or preamble) are intended to be interpreted as “open ended” unless otherwise indicated. Thus, for example, a phrase referring to “at least an item” is intended to mean that a given item is an item and also that there is at least one of the item in the present application. This interpretation is applicable similarly where the term “comprises” is used in the claims. Similarly, a phrase referring to “at least one of a first and second item” is intended to refer to at least one of the first item or the second item. Further, where a phrase is used herein that has been used to interpret a similar phrase in the claims, such interpretation should apply equally to the claims. For example, where the phrase “at least one of a first and second item” is used in the description, such phrase should also be interpreted to apply to the claims. Similarly, where a meaning given to a phrase in the claims is contrary to the meaning of the phrase used in the description, the phrase in the claims should control. It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., as set forth in the claims’ body and / or preamble) are intended to be interpreted as “open ended” unless otherwise indicated. Thus, for example, a phrase referring to “at least an item” is intended to mean that a given item is an item and also that there is at least one of the item in the present application. This interpretation is applicable similarly where the term “comprises” is used in the claims. Similarly, a phrase referring to “at least one of a first and second item” is intended to refer to at least one of the first item or the second item. Further, where a phrase is used herein that has been used to interpret a similar phrase in the claims, such interpretation should apply equally to the claims. For example, where the phrase “at least one of a first and second item” is used in the description, such phrase should also be interpreted to apply to the claims. Similarly, where a meaning given to a phrase in the claims is contrary to the meaning of the phrase used in the description, the phrase in the claims should control.For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibility of “A” or “B” or “A and B”. Additionally, as used herein, the term “any one of…” followed by a list of multiple items and / or multiple item categories is intended to include items and / or item categories “any one of…”, “any combination of,” “any multiple of,” and / or “any combination of multiples of”, whether alone or in combination with other items and / or other item categories. Furthermore, as used herein, the term “set” is intended to include any number of items, including zero. Additionally, as used herein, the term “quantity” is intended to include any quantity, including zero. And, as used herein, the term “many” is intended to be synonymous with “multiple.”

[0310] Furthermore, where features or aspects of this disclosure are described in accordance with the Markush Group, those skilled in the art will recognize that this disclosure is also described in accordance with any individual member of the Markush Group or a subgroup of its members.

[0311] As those skilled in the art will understand, for any and all purposes (such as for providing a written description), all scopes disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subscopes and combinations thereof. Any listed scope can be readily identified as sufficiently descriptive and such that the same scope can be divided into at least two equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each scope discussed herein can be readily divided into a lower third, a middle third, and an upper third, etc. As those skilled in the art will also understand, all language such as “at most,” “at least,” “greater than,” “less than,” etc., includes the referenced number and refers to a scope that can subsequently be divided into subscopes as described above. Finally, as those skilled in the art will understand, a scope includes each individual number. Thus, for example, a group having 1 to 3 units means a group having 1, 2, or 3 units. Similarly, a group having 1 to 5 units means a group having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 units, etc.

[0312] Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, the claims should not be construed as being limited to the order or elements provided. Additionally, the use of the term "means for..." in any claim is intended to invoke 35 U.S.SC §112. 6. The claim format is either device plus function, and any claim without the term "device for..." is not intended to be so.

[0313] Suitable processors include, by way of example and without limitation, general

[0314] A WTRU can use in combination with modules can be implemented in hardware and / or software including a software defined radio (SDR) and other components such as a camera, video camera module, videophone, speakerphone, vibration device, speaker, microphone, television transceiver, wireless local area network (WLAN) or ultra-wideband (UWB) module, near field communication (NFC) module, Bluetooth® module, frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit, digital music player, media player, video game player module, internet browser, and / or any wireless local area network (WLAN) or ultra-wideband (UWB) module. A WTRU can use in combination with modules can be implemented in hardware and / or software including a software defined radio (SDR) and other components such as a camera, video camera module, videophone, speakerphone, vibration device, speaker, microphone, television transceiver, wireless local area network (WLAN) or ultra-wideband (UWB) module, near field communication (NFC) module, Bluetooth® module, frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit, digital music player, media player, video game player module, internet browser, and / or any wireless local area network (WLAN) or ultra-wideband (UWB) module.

[0315] While various embodiments have been described in terms of a communication system, it is contemplated that the system can be implemented in software on a microprocessor / general purpose computer (not shown). In certain embodiments, one or more of the functions of the various components can be implemented in software that controls the general purpose computer.

[0316] Moreover, although the present application has been illustrated and described with respect to particular embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of the present application.

[0317] In the foregoing, reference can be made to the following references:

[0318] RP-212422 “Motivation for Network Energy Saving in Rel-18”, Ericsson.

Claims

1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) comprising circuitry, the circuitry comprising any of a transmitter, a receiver, a processor, and a memory, wherein the circuitry is configured to: receive, via radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information indicating a configuration pattern of time periods, wherein each time period comprises an interval during which a cell is available for reception or transmission and an interval during which the cell is not available for reception or transmission; receive configuration information indicating physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources for transmitting a scheduling request (SR); receive downlink control information (DCI) comprising an indication associated with the configuration pattern of time periods, wherein the indicated configuration pattern of time periods is applicable after a predefined delay following reception of the DCI; determine whether the indication indicates that the configuration pattern is applicable for reception; determine to transmit an SR on one of the PUCCH resources configured for transmitting an SR; and determine not to transmit the SR if the PUCCH resource is not within the interval during which the cell is available for reception.

2. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the indication associated with the configuration pattern of time periods indicates to apply the configuration pattern of time periods.

3. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the indication associated with the configuration pattern of time periods is received in a group common physical downlink control channel.

4. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the circuitry is configured to transmit the SR if the PUCCH resource is within the interval during which the cell is available for reception.

5. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the configuration information further indicates physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources for transmitting a configured grant (CG).

6. The WTRU of claim 5, wherein the circuitry is configured to: determine to transmit a CG on one of the PUSCH resources configured for transmitting a CG; and determine not to transmit the CG if the PUSCH resource is not within the interval during which the cell is available for reception.

7. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the configuration information further indicates channel state information (CSI) resources for transmitting a CSI report.

8. The WTRU of claim 7, wherein the circuitry is configured to: determine to transmit a CSI report on one of the CSI resources configured for transmitting a CSI report; and determine not to transmit the CSI report if the CSI resource is not within an interval during which the cell is available for reception.

9. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the PUCCH resources configured for transmitting an SR are associated with a periodicity.

10. The WTRU of claim 9, wherein the circuitry is configured to: receive a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC CE) signal indicating a threshold of the periodicity of the PUCCH resources; ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ determining that the periodicity of the PUCCH resources is greater than an indicated threshold; and determining to transmit the SR based on the periodicity of the PUCCH resources being greater than the indicated threshold.

11. A method implemented in a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: receiving, via radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information indicating a configuration pattern of time periods, wherein each time period comprises an interval during which a cell is available for reception or transmission and an interval during which the cell is not available for reception or transmission; receiving configuration information indicating physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources for transmitting a scheduling request (SR); receiving downlink control information (DCI) comprising an indication associated with the configuration pattern of time periods, wherein the indicated configuration pattern of time periods is applicable after a predefined delay following reception of the DCI; determining whether the indication indicates that the configuration pattern is applicable for reception; determining to transmit a SR on one of the PUCCH resources configured for transmitting a SR; and determining not to transmit the SR if the PUCCH resource is not within the interval during which the cell is available for reception.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the indication associated with the configuration pattern of time periods indicates to apply the configuration pattern of time periods.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein the indication associated with the configuration pattern of time periods is received in a group common physical downlink control channel.

14. The method of claim 11 further comprising transmitting the SR if the PUCCH resource is within the interval during which the cell is available for reception.

15. The method of claim 11 wherein the configuration information further indicates physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources configured for transmitting a configured grant (CG).

16. The method of claim 15 further comprising: determining to transmit a CG on one of the PUSCH resources configured for transmitting a CG; and determining not to transmit the CG if the PUSCH resource is not within the interval during which the cell is available for reception.

17. The method of claim 11 wherein the configuration information further indicates channel state information (CSI) resources for transmitting a CSI report.

18. The method of claim 17 further comprising: determining to transmit a CSI report on one of the CSI resources configured for transmitting a CSI report; and determining not to transmit the CSI report if the CSI resource is not within the interval during which the cell is available for reception.

19. The method of claim 11 wherein the PUCCH resources configured for transmitting a SR are associated with a periodicity.

20. The method of claim 19 further comprising: receiving a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC CE) signal indicating a threshold for the periodicity of the PUCCH resources; ​ determining that the periodicity of the PUCCH resource is greater than an indicated threshold; and determining to transmit the SR based on the periodicity of the PUCCH resource being greater than the indicated threshold.

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