Composition for improving intestinal flora

Abstract

The present invention addresses the problem of increasing the occupancy of bacteria belonging to the genus Parabacteroides and bacteria belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium in the intestinal flora. The present invention also addresses the problem of increasing the occupancy of bacteria belonging to the genus Parabacteroides and the occupancy of bacteria belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium in the intestinal flora. The present invention provides a composition for improving intestinal flora, which contains any one selected from the group consisting of trimodiose and oligosaccharides having trimodiose as a constituent sugar.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a composition for improving intestinal flora. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, intestinal barrier dysfunction, known as leaky gut, has been recognized as a problem due to lifestyle habits and stress. Since harmful substances spread throughout the body through blood vessels, it is suggested that inflammation caused by leaky gut is not limited to intestinal inflammation, but is also related to the onset and development of lifestyle diseases such as obesity and diabetes. As one of the countermeasures to improve leaky gut, the improvement of intestinal flora has been studied.

[0003] Parabacteroides is one of the bacteria that live in the intestine. For example, in non-patent literature 1, it is studied that the separation fractions containing Hirsutella sinensis mycelium (HSM) and polysaccharides regulate the composition of intestinal flora to prevent the possibility of food-borne obesity and type 2 diabetes. The document reports that: a specific fraction selectively promotes the proliferation of Parabacteroides goldsteinii, a resident bacterium, which is reduced in levels in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). In addition, when live P. goldsteinii is orally administered to mice fed HFD, obesity is reduced, and is related to an increase in the heat production of adipose tissue, an improvement in intestinal health, and a reduction in the level of inflammation and insulin resistance. In addition, in non-patent document 2, the metabolic effect of Parabacteroides distasonis (PD) on the reduction of weight gain, hyperglycemia and fatty liver in mice fed with HFD was studied. The document reports that when P. distasonis was given to mice fed with HFD, lithocholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid increased, the bile acid profile (Bile Acid Profile) showed drastic changes, and the level of succinate in the intestine increased. Further, non-patent document 3 reported that the membrane fraction (PdMb) of P. distasonis strongly inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines in colon cancer cell lines, reduced the expression of MyD88 and pAkt (ser473) induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, and then PdMb induced apoptosis in colon cancer cell lines and inhibited the activation of TLR4 in reporter cell lines. The document points out that these results suggest that P. distasonis has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects, which are believed to be induced by inhibiting TLR4 and Akt signaling and promoting cell apoptosis.

[0004] Further, in non-patent document 4, it is mentioned that P. distasonis is reduced in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and non-patent document 5 reports the results of multivariate analysis, and the combination of bacteria of the genus Oscillospira, the genus Rickenellaceae, and the genus Parabacteroides can distinguish patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from healthy controls (CTRLs). In addition, non-patent document 6 reports that oral administration of Parabacteroides goldsteinii improved weight loss and the rise of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue in mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) induced by smoking. In addition, in this document, as its mechanism, it is revealed that pentaacyl lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Parabacteroides goldsteinii, antagonizes the activation of TLR4 receptors caused by inflammatory hexaacyl lipopolysaccharides from intestinal bacteria.

[0005] On the other hand, it is known that kojibiose has the effect of promoting the proliferation of bifidobacteria (e.g., non-patent document 7). In addition, regarding kojibiose and oligosaccharides with kojibiose as a constituent sugar, Patent Document 1 records an anti-inflammatory agent containing a saccharide having a ketone hexose structure in the molecule as an effective ingredient, and as a preferred example of a saccharide having a ketone hexose structure in the molecule, 3-ketotrehalose, 3-ketothiose, 3-ketoisomaltose, 3-ketolactose, 3-ketolactose, 3-ketolmaltose, 3-ketosucrose and 3-ketolmaltitol are cited. Furthermore, Patent Document 2 records an in vivo lipid regulator, which contains one or more selected from kojibiose, kojitriose, kojibiose glucoside, kojitetraose and kojitriose glucoside as an effective ingredient.

[0006] On the other hand, it is known that oligofructose is used as a related component of specific health foods, and its intake causes the bifidobacteria present in the large intestine to proliferate, and the bifidobacteria proliferate themselves or the short-chain fatty acids produced by the bifidobacteria show the effect of conditioning the intestine. In addition, it is known that if short-chain fatty acids are generated, the pH in the large intestine decreases, and as a result, the solubility of minerals increases, and it is easy to pass through mucosal cells, promoting their absorption by cells (Non-Patent Document 8).

[0007] Prior art literature

[0008] Patent Literature

[0009] Patent document 1: WO2017 / 018336 (Japanese Patent No. 6729913)

[0010] Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-281188 (Japanese Patent Publication No. 4746281)

[0011] Non-patent literature

[0012] Non-patent document 1: Gut commensal Parabacteroides goldsteinii plays a predominant role in the anti-obesity effects of polysaccharides isolated from Hirsutella sinensis. Gut.2019Feb; 68(2):248-262

[0013] Non-patent literature 2: Parabacteorides distasonis alleviates obesity and metabolic dysfunctions via production of succinate and secondary bileacids. Cell Rep. 2019 Jan 2; 26(1): 222-235

[0014] Non-patent document 3: Parabacteroides distasonis attenuates toll-like receptor4signaling and Akt activation and blocks coon tumor formation in high-fatdiet-fed azoxymethane-treated mice. Koh et al., Int.J.Cancer.2018; 143(7):1797-1805

[0015] Non-patent document 4: Gut bacteria from multiple sclerosis patients modulatehuman T cells and exacerbate symptoms in mouse models. Cekanaviciute et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2017; 114(70): 10713-10718

[0016] Non-patent document 5: Gut microbiota profiling of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obese patients unveiled by an integrated meta-omics-based approach. Del Chierico et al, Hepatology. 2017; 65(2): 451-464

[0017] Non-patent document 6: Gut microbiota modulates COPD pathogenesis: role of anti-inflammatory Parabacteroides goldsteinii lipopolysaccharide. Gut microbiota2022; 71, 309-321

[0018] Non-patent document 7: Influence of disaccharide structure on prebioticselectivity in vitro.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.2005,53,5192-5199

[0019] Non-patent document 8: The effect of promoting the absorption of minerals by indigestible carbohydrates (fructoligosaccharides), Journal of the Japanese Society of Nutrition and Food, Vol. 52, No. 6, pp. 387-395 Summary of the invention

[0020] Problem that the invention aims to solve

[0021] Parabacteroides bacteria are considered to be one of beneficial intestinal bacteria. However, Parabacteroides bacteria are not conventional strains as probiotics, and there is less edible experience, so the safety and digestive tract permeability of the oral intake of the composition containing Parabacteroides bacteria are not yet clear. In addition, even if Bifidobacterium is taken orally, it is difficult to reach the intestine. It is believed that increasing the occupancy rate of these bacteria in the intestinal flora by specific prebiotics is a useful means in actual use.

[0022] Solutions for solving problems

[0023] The present invention provides the following:

[0024] [1] A composition for improving intestinal flora, comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides containing kojibiose as a constituent sugar.

[0025] [2] The composition according to item 1, wherein the improvement of intestinal flora includes promoting the proliferation of bacteria of the genus Parabacteroides.

[0026] [3] A composition for promoting the growth of Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestinal tract, comprising galactosyl kojibiose.

[0027] [4] The composition according to any one of 1 to 3, which is used as a prebiotic or a synbiotic.

[0028] [5] A composition for treating any one selected from the group consisting of inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, glucose metabolism disorder, multiple sclerosis, fatty liver and cancer, comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides containing kojibiose as a constituent sugar.

[0029] [6] The composition according to 5, wherein the treatment is performed by promoting the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria in the intestine.

[0030] [7] A composition for treating a disease or condition that is improved by promoting the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria in the intestine, comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides containing kojibiose as a constituent sugar.

[0031] [8] A composition for promoting mineral absorption and regulating anything in the intestinal tract, comprising galactosyl kojibiose.

[0032] [9] The composition according to item 8, which is based on promoting the growth of bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium.

[0033]

[10] A composition for treating a disease or condition that is improved by promoting the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestinal tract, comprising galactosyl kojibiose.

[0034]

[11] The composition according to any one of 1 to 10, which contains any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides containing kojibiose as a constituent sugar in the form of a composition containing galactosyl kojibiose, wherein the galactosyl kojibiose is obtained by allowing a lactic acid bacterium expressing glucansucrase or a processed product thereof to act on a composition containing sucrose and lactose.

[0035]

[12] The composition according to any one of 2, 4, 6 and 7, wherein the Parabacteroides bacterium includes Parabacteroides distasonis.

[0036]

[14] A food information providing device comprising: an information acquisition unit for acquiring information on the intestinal flora of a subject;

[0037] an deriving unit that derives information of food recommended to the subject based on the information of the intestinal flora; and

[0038] a providing unit, providing the derived food information to the object,

[0039] The information acquisition unit acquires information on the presence or quantity of bacteria of the genus Parabacteroides from the information on the intestinal flora, and the derivation unit derives information on the food based on the information on the presence or quantity of bacteria of the genus Parabacteroides, wherein the food is a composition comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides having kojibiose as a constituent sugar, or

[0040] The information acquisition unit acquires information on the presence or quantity of Bifidobacterium bacteria from the information on the intestinal flora, and the derivation unit derives information on the food based on the information on the presence or quantity of Bifidobacterium bacteria, wherein the food is a composition containing galactosyl kojibiose.

[0041]

[15] The device according to 14, wherein the provided food information can be displayed on the terminal of the subject.

[0042]

[16] The device according to item 14 or 15, further comprising a display unit for displaying the provided food information.

[0043]

[17] A method for providing food information, comprising the following steps: obtaining information on the intestinal flora of a subject;

[0044] Based on the information of the intestinal flora, deriving information of foods recommended to the subject; then

[0045] providing the derived food information to the subject,

[0046] In the step of acquiring information, information on the presence or amount of bacteria of the genus Parabacteroides is acquired from information on intestinal flora, and in the step of deriving food information, information on the food is derived based on the information on the presence or amount of bacteria of the genus Parabacteroides, wherein the food is a composition comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides having kojibiose as a constituent sugar, or

[0047] In the step of acquiring information, information on the presence or quantity of Bifidobacterium bacteria is acquired from information on intestinal flora, and in the step of deriving food information, information on food is derived based on the information on the presence or quantity of Bifidobacterium bacteria, wherein the food is a composition containing galactosyl kojibiose.

[0048]

[18] The method according to 17 further includes a step of displaying the provided food information on the subject's terminal.

[0049]

[19] The device according to any one of 14 to 16, or the method according to 17 or 18, wherein the bacterium of the genus Parabacteroides is Parabacteroides distasonis.

[0050]

[21] A composition for use in a method for improving intestinal flora, comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides having kojibiose as a constituent sugar. Use of any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides having kojibiose as a constituent sugar in the manufacture of a composition for improving intestinal flora. A method for improving intestinal flora, comprising the step of administering a composition to a subject, the composition comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides having kojibiose as a constituent sugar. Use of a composition for improving intestinal flora, the composition comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides having kojibiose as a constituent sugar.

[0051]

[22] The composition, use in manufacturing, method or use according to 21, wherein the improvement of intestinal flora includes promoting the proliferation of bacteria of the genus Parabacteroides.

[0052]

[23] A composition containing galactosyl kojibiose for use in a method for promoting the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestine. Use of a composition containing galactosyl kojibiose in the manufacture of a composition for promoting the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestine. A method for promoting the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestine, comprising the step of administering a composition containing galactosyl kojibiose to a subject. Use of a composition containing galactosyl kojibiose for promoting the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestine.

[0053]

[24] A composition according to any one of 21 to 23, which is used as a prebiotic or synbiotic; the use of the composition in the manufacture of any one of 21 to 23; a method according to any one of 21 to 23, which includes the step of administering the composition as a prebiotic or synbiotic; or the use of the composition according to any one of 21 to 23 as a prebiotic or synbiotic.

[0054]

[25] A composition for use in a method for treating any one selected from the group consisting of inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, glucose metabolism disorder, multiple sclerosis, fatty liver and cancer, the composition comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides having kojibiose as a constituent sugar. Use of any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides having kojibiose as a constituent sugar in the manufacture of a composition for treating any one selected from the group consisting of inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, glucose metabolism disorder, multiple sclerosis, fatty liver and cancer. A method for treating any one selected from the group consisting of inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, glucose metabolism disorder, multiple sclerosis, fatty liver and cancer, comprising the step of administering to a subject a composition comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides having kojibiose as a constituent sugar. A use of a composition comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides containing kojibiose as a constituent sugar, for treating any one selected from the group consisting of inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, glucose metabolism disorder, multiple sclerosis, fatty liver and cancer.

[0055]

[26] The composition, use in manufacture, method or use according to 25, wherein the treatment is carried out by promoting the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria in the intestine.

[0056]

[27] A composition for use in a method for treating a disease or condition that is improved by promoting the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria in the intestine, comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides with kojibiose as a constituent sugar. Use of any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides with kojibiose as a constituent sugar in the manufacture of a composition for treating a disease or condition that is improved by promoting the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria in the intestine. A method for treating a disease or condition that is improved by promoting the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria in the intestine, comprising the step of administering a composition to a subject, the composition comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides with kojibiose as a constituent sugar. Use of a composition for treating a disease or condition that is improved by promoting the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria in the intestine, the composition comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides with kojibiose as a constituent sugar.

[0057]

[28] A composition for promoting mineral absorption and regulating any of the intestinal tract, comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides with kojibiose as a constituent sugar. Use of any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides with kojibiose as a constituent sugar in the manufacture of a composition for promoting mineral absorption and regulating any of the intestinal tract. A method for promoting mineral absorption and regulating any of the intestinal tract, comprising the step of administering a composition to a subject, the composition comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides with kojibiose as a constituent sugar. Use of a composition for promoting mineral absorption and regulating any of the intestinal tract, the composition comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides with kojibiose as a constituent sugar.

[0058]

[29] The composition, use in manufacturing, method or use according to 28, which is based on promoting the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestine.

[0059]

[30] A composition containing galactosyl kojibiose for use in a method for treating a disease or condition that is improved by promoting the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestine. Use of a composition containing galactosyl kojibiose in the manufacture of a composition for treating a disease or condition that is improved by promoting the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestine. A method for treating a disease or condition that is improved by promoting the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestine, comprising the step of administering a composition containing galactosyl kojibiose to a subject. Use of a composition containing galactosyl kojibiose for promoting the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria.

[0060]

[31] The composition, use in manufacturing, method or use according to any one of 21 to 30, wherein any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides having kojibiose as a constituent sugar is contained in the form of a composition containing galactosyl kojibiose, wherein the galactosyl kojibiose is obtained by allowing a lactic acid bacterium expressing glucansucrase or a processed product thereof to act on a composition containing sucrose and lactose.

[0061]

[32] The composition according to any one of 22, 24, 26 and 27, wherein the Parabacteroides bacterium includes Parabacteroides distasonis.

[0062] Effects of the Invention

[0063] According to the present invention, the intestinal flora can be improved, and in particular, the increase of Parabacteroides bacteria and Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestinal flora can be promoted.

[0064] By promoting the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria in the intestinal flora, it can be expected that any one selected from the group consisting of inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, glucose metabolism disorders, multiple sclerosis, fatty liver and cancer can be treated. In addition, by promoting the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria and Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestinal flora, it can be expected that various diseases or conditions can be treated.

[0065] By adding the active ingredient of the present invention, functional foods in various forms can be provided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0066] Figure 1-1 Changes in the occupancy of Parabacteroides bacteria in human fecal culture systems due to various sugars. The black dots and black triangles indicate the changes in each subject, and the horizontal bar indicates the mean value.

[0067] Figure 1-2 Changes in the occupancy rate of Bifidobacterium bacteria caused by various sugars in a human stool culture system. The black dots and black triangles indicate the changes in each subject, and the horizontal bar indicates the mean value.

[0068] Figure 2 The figure shows the changes in the percentage of Parabacteroides and Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestinal flora after daily intake of 20 g of a sugar solution containing kojibiose and galactosylkojibiose for two weeks. The black dots indicate the changes in the subjects.

[0069] Figure 3-1 This is the change in the occupancy rate of Parabacteroides bacteria in amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region using MiSeq (Illumina) due to galactosylkojibiose (trisaccharide fraction) in a human stool culture system. The black dots indicate the change in each subject, and the horizontal bar indicates the average value.

[0070] Figure 3-2 This is the change in the occupancy rate of the species identified as Parabacteroides distasonis in the species-level analysis of amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region using MiSeq (Illumina) caused by galactosylkojibiose (trisaccharide fraction) in the human feces culture system. The black dots represent the changes in each subject, and the horizontal bars represent the average value.

[0071] Figure 4 This is a chromatogram of an enzyme reaction solution obtained by allowing dextran sucrase to act on a mixture of sucrose and lactose.

[0072] Figure 5 The chromatograms are of the enzyme reaction solution and the trisaccharide fraction and tetrasaccharide fraction after fractionation purification.

[0073] Figure 6 Kojibiose is produced by treating the trisaccharide fraction with lactase. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] The present invention relates to a composition for promoting the growth of Parabacteroides bacteria and Bifidobacterium bacteria in intestinal flora, comprising kojibiose and oligosaccharides containing kojibiose as a constituent sugar as effective ingredients.

[0075] [Active ingredients]

[0076] The composition of the present invention comprises, as an active ingredient, any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides having kojibiose as a constituent sugar. When referring to oligosaccharides having kojibiose as a constituent sugar, kojibiose itself is not included. It should be noted that, with respect to the present invention, when referring to "any one", it is used as the meaning of "at least one" unless otherwise specified. For example, "any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides having kojibiose as a constituent sugar" includes not only the case of kojibiose and the case of only one oligosaccharide having kojibiose as a constituent sugar, but also the case of kojibiose and one oligosaccharide having kojibiose as a constituent sugar, the case of two oligosaccharides having kojibiose as a constituent sugar, and the like.

[0077] The kojibiose and oligosaccharides containing kojibiose as a constituent sugar used in the composition are not particularly limited as long as they have the intended effect. In addition, the kojibiose and oligosaccharides containing kojibiose as a constituent sugar used in the composition may be one kind or a combination of two or more kinds.

[0078] Examples of oligosaccharides containing kojibiose as a constituent sugar include trisaccharides such as galactosyl kojibiose, kojitriose, selaginose (kojibiosyl glucoside), centose, and kojibiosyl fructoside; and tetrasaccharides such as kojitetraose and kojitriosyl glucoside, which are obtained by bonding one molecule of a monosaccharide such as glucose to these trisaccharides.

[0079] In a preferred embodiment, the composition contains either kojibiose or galactosyl kojibiose. Examples of such compositions include compositions containing kojibiose, compositions containing galactosyl kojibiose, compositions containing kojibiose and galactosyl kojibiose, and compositions containing kojibiose, galactosyl kojibiose, and a tetrasaccharide in which one molecule of glucose is bonded to galactosyl kojibiose.

[0080] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, galactosyl kojibiose refers to kojibiose in which galactose is bonded to any of positions 1 to 8 of the following kojibiose by α or β. Theoretically, galactose can be bonded to OH at position 8 in four forms: α-α, α-β, β-α, and β-β, and OH at positions 2 to 7 in two forms, so 18 types of galactosyl kojibiose are assumed. They are respectively called 8α-α kojibiose, 8α-β kojibiose, 8β-α kojibiose, 8β-β kojibiose, 1α kojibiose, 2β kojibiose, 2α kojibiose, 2β kojibiose, 3α kojibiose, 3β kojibiose, 4α kojibiose, 4β kojibiose, 5α kojibiose, 5β kojibiose, 6α kojibiose, 6β kojibiose, 7α kojibiose, and 7β kojibiose.

[0081]

[0082] In one embodiment, the composition comprises any one of the 18 galactosyl kojibioses, i.e., any one of 8α-α kojibiose, 8α-β kojibiose, 8β-α kojibiose, 8β-β kojibiose, 1α kojibiose, 2β kojibiose, 2α kojibiose, 2β kojibiose, 3α kojibiose, 3β kojibiose, 4α kojibiose, 4β kojibiose, 5α kojibiose, 5β kojibiose, 6α kojibiose, 6β kojibiose, 7α kojibiose and 7β kojibiose, and may comprise 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18 of the 18 galactosyl kojibioses.

[0083] In a preferred embodiment, the galactosyl kojibiose contained in the composition is α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-galactopyranoside-(1→4)-]D-glucopyranoside). This sugar can also be described as a type of glucosyl lactose.

[0084] According to the research of the inventors, it has been confirmed that kojibiose and galactosyl kojibiose have excellent effects of promoting the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria and Bifidobacterium bacteria. Here, after an oligosaccharide containing kojibiose as a constituent sugar is administered to a subject, kojibiose can be produced in the digestive tract of the subject. For example, galactosyl kojibiose is decomposed by lactase to produce kojibiose. Therefore, as long as the sugar is composed of kojibiose as a constituent sugar, the target effect can be fully obtained.

[0085] The kojibiose used in the present invention and the oligosaccharides with kojibiose as the constituent sugar are not particularly limited in their sources and manufacturing methods, and can be manufactured by any method such as fermentation, enzymatic method, organic synthesis method, etc. As one of the preferred manufacturing methods, a manufacturing method including the following steps can be listed: glucan sucrase or lactic acid bacteria expressing glucan sucrase or its processed material is acted on a composition comprising lactose and sucrose to obtain a composition comprising galactosyl kojibiose. With regard to the present invention, unless otherwise specified, glucan sucrase refers to an enzyme belonging to glycoside hydrolase (glycoside hydrolase) (also referred to as glycosylhydrolases) family 70 (GH70) (reference (CAZy) databases and Cantarel et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 37: D233-238, 2009).

[0086] When lactic acid bacteria are used, lactic acid bacteria expressing glucansucrase are preferred. Preferred examples of lactic acid bacteria are lactic acid bacteria belonging to the family Leuconostocaceae, more preferably lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Leuconostoc, and even more preferably Leuconostoc mesenteroides.

[0087] When lactic acid bacteria are used, lactic acid bacteria that constitutively express glucansucrase are preferably used. Preferred examples of lactic acid bacteria are lactic acid bacteria belonging to the Lactobacillaceae family, more preferably lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Liquorilactobacillus or lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Limosilactobacillus, and further preferably Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Liquorilactobacillus satsumensis.

[0088] When using lactic acid bacteria, it is preferably a lactic acid bacteria that constitutively expresses glucan sucrase, and glucan sucrase is more preferably a thalline binding type. The example of a preferred lactic acid bacteria is a lactic acid bacteria belonging to the Lactobacillaceae family, more preferably a lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Liquorilactobacillus, and further preferably a red-striped liquid lactobacillus (Liquorilactobacillus satsumensis). The example of a particularly preferred strain of red-striped liquid lactobacillus (Liquorilactobacillus satsumensis) is JCM12392. It should be noted that JCM12392 is described as Lactobacillus satsumensis in RIKEN BioResource Center, GENERAL CATALOG No.9, 2012, JAPAN COLLECTION OFMICROORGANISMS, M51.

[0089] It should be noted that, with regard to the present invention, when describing lactic acid bacteria, unless otherwise specified, the classification is based on the reclassification of Zheng J, Wittouck S, Salvetti E, Franz CMAP, Harris HMB, Mattarelli P, O'Toole PW, Pot B, Vandamme P, Walter J, Watanabe K, Wuyts S, Felis GE, Ganzle MG, Lebeer S.: Ataxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2020Apr; 70(4): 2782-2858. According to the classification before reorganization, red-striped liquid lactobacillus (Liquorilactobacillus satsumensis) is classified as Lactobacillus satsumensis.

[0090] The lactic acid bacteria expressing glucansucrase or a processed product thereof is preferably any one selected from the group consisting of living cells, dead cells, a culture containing cells, a cell-disrupted product, and a purified product of glucansucrase.

[0091] Glucansucrase used for producing kojibiose and oligosaccharides containing kojibiose as a constituent sugar, or lactic acid bacteria expressing Glucansucrase or a processed product thereof can be produced using transformation, chemical synthesis or genome editing techniques.

[0092] The composition containing galactosyl kojibiose obtained by this production method can be used directly as a solution containing kojibiose and oligosaccharides containing kojibiose as a constituent sugar, or can be used after being purified using an ion exchange resin, etc. That is, the composition of the present invention can be a composition containing galactosyl kojibiose obtained by allowing glucansucrase or a lactic acid bacterium expressing glucansucrase or a processed product thereof to act on a composition containing sucrose and lactose.

[0093] [use]

[0094] The composition of the present invention can be used to promote the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria in the intestinal flora, and can also be used to promote the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestinal flora.

[0095] In the present invention, when referring to Parabacteroides bacteria, it refers to bacteria identified as Parabacteroides using molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene. The same is true for Bifidobacterium bacteria. The standard for determining the genus of bacteria using molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene is well known to those skilled in the art (Stackebrandt E, Ebers J. Taxonomic parameters revisited: tarnished gold standards. Microbiol Today 2006; 33: 152-155.). Examples of bacteria of the genus Parabacteroides are Parabacteroides distasonis, Parabacteroides merdae, Parabacteroides acidifaciens, Parabacteroides faecis, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, and Parabacteroides johnsonii. Examples of bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium are Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium angulatum, and Bifidobacterium dentium.

[0096] In a preferred embodiment, the composition is used for promoting the growth of any one selected from Parabacteroides merdae, Parabacteroides johnsonii and Parabacteroides goldsteinii, which are present in large amounts in the intestinal tract among bacteria of the genus Parabacteroides.

[0097] In the present invention, promoting the growth of specific bacteria in the bacterial flora means increasing the ratio (occupancy rate) of the specific bacteria in the bacterial flora.

[0098] Whether a certain component promotes the proliferation of specific bacteria in the intestinal flora can be evaluated as follows. Add feces provided by a healthy person to a suitable culture medium, culture for a certain period of time as needed, add the component to be evaluated, culture under suitable conditions (for example, culture for 48 hours at 37°C and anaerobic conditions similar to the conditions in the intestine), and measure the occupancy rate of specific bacteria in the flora in the culture. Then, compare the measurement results with the measurement results of a culture cultured under the same conditions except that a control (such as sterilized water) is added instead of the component to be evaluated. When the occupancy rate is higher than the control, it can be judged that the proliferation is promoted, and when the occupancy rate is lower than the control, it can be judged that the proliferation is inhibited.

[0099] The occupancy rate of a specific bacterium contained in the bacterial community can be determined by a known method. One of the preferred methods is to perform 16S metagenomic analysis (sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons) on DNA extracted from the culture. In the case of implementing 16S metagenomic analysis, DNA extraction can be performed using a commercially available kit. There is no particular limitation on the genomic region analyzed as long as the bacteria can be identified, but the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene can be used. Methods such as primers, amplification conditions, and purification of amplicons used for bacterial analysis can also use methods familiar to those skilled in the art. Sequence interpretation is preferably performed using a next-generation sequencer with higher performance. The analysis of the obtained data can be performed using QIIME 2 TM For 16S metagenomic analysis, those skilled in the art can refer to Sanschagrin S, Yergeau E. Next-generation sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons. J Vis Exp. 2014; (90): 51709. Published 2014 Aug 29. doi: 10.3791 / 51709 and other information.

[0100] The Parabacteroides bacteria of the present invention are bacteria that live in the intestine. By promoting the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria, it is expected to have an effect on inflammation, obesity, glucose metabolism disorder, fatty liver and cancer (non-patent literature 1-3). In addition, it is reported that: P. distasonis is reduced in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients (non-patent literature 4), and the combination of Parabacteroides bacteria, Oscillospira bacteria, Rickenellaceae bacteria and Parabacteroides bacteria can distinguish non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients and healthy controls (CTRLs) (non-patent literature 5). Therefore, the composition can be used to treat any one of the groups selected from inflammation, obesity, glucose metabolism disorder, multiple sclerosis (MS), fatty liver and cancer.

[0101] In addition, it is reported that oral administration of Parabacteroides goldsteinii improved weight loss and the rise of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue in smoking-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) model mice, and as its mechanism, pentaacyl lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Parabacteroides goldsteinii, antagonized the activation of TLR4 receptors caused by inflammatory hexaacyl lipopolysaccharide from intestinal bacteria (Non-patent Document 6). Therefore, the composition can be used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

[0102] Further, it is known that the effect of short-chain fatty acids produced by bifidobacterium itself or bifidobacterium shows the effect of conditioning the intestinal tract, and if the short-chain fatty acids are generated, the pH in the large intestine decreases, and as a result, the solubility of minerals increases, and it is easy to pass through mucosal cells to promote their absorption by cells (non-patent literature 8). Therefore, the composition can be used for conditioning the intestinal tract and promoting the absorption of minerals. As the example of minerals, calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium, zinc, copper, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, iodine, sodium, phosphorus, selenium can be listed. By the composition, it can be expected that the absorption of calcium, magnesium and iron in them can be particularly promoted.

[0103] Inflammation includes inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel disease includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Obesity refers to a state where too much fat accumulates in the body (BMI is 25 or more). When obesity causes a disease that has an adverse effect on health, or when visceral fat obesity occurs, it is called obesity. Disorders of sugar metabolism refer to a state where sugar metabolism is abnormal, including insulin resistance and diabetes. Insulin resistance refers to a state where the pancreas secretes insulin into the blood, but the sensitivity of the target organs to insulin decreases, and the effect of insulin is weakened. When in a state of insulin resistance, the ability of muscle and adipose tissue to absorb sugar decreases, and the liver cannot inhibit gluconeogenesis, resulting in difficulty in lowering blood sugar, and more insulin is needed to restore blood sugar to normal. It is said that if this state continues, the insulin secretion function of the pancreas decreases, blood sugar rises, and type II diabetes is caused. Insulin resistance includes insulin resistance caused by genetics, obesity, lack of exercise, high-fat diet, and stress. Diabetes refers to a disease in which high blood sugar persists chronically due to insufficient insulin action, including type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease that is spatially / temporally multiple in the central nervous system (brain / spinal cord / optic nerve), including relapsing-remitting, primary progressive, and secondary progressive. Fatty liver includes fatty liver (fatty liver disease), alcoholic fatty liver, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and simple fatty liver. Cancer includes lung cancer, breast cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancer, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, angiosarcoma, leukemia, malignant lymphoma, and myeloma. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is sometimes also called emphysema or chronic bronchitis. It is said that the main cause is smoking. When COPD develops, it not only affects the lungs, but also affects organs throughout the body and is prone to diabetes, arteriosclerosis, osteoporosis, peptic ulcers, etc.

[0104] In addition, the composition can be used to treat diseases or conditions that are improved by promoting the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria in the intestine. Such diseases or conditions include inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obesity, glucose metabolism disorders, multiple sclerosis (MS), fatty liver and cancer, and various other diseases or conditions.

[0105] In addition, the composition can be used to treat diseases or conditions that can be improved by promoting the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestines. Such diseases or conditions can be treated in various ways, in addition to conditioning the intestines and promoting the absorption of minerals.

[0106] With regard to the present invention, when referring to the treatment of a disease or condition, it refers to the reduction of the risk of disease, delay of disease onset, prevention, treatment, cessation of disease progression, and delay. The actions used to improve or treat include medical actions performed by doctors or nurses and midwives who receive instructions from doctors, as well as non-therapeutic actions performed by people other than doctors, such as pharmacists, nutritionists (including management nutritionists, sports nutritionists), health workers, midwives, nurses, clinical examination technicians, sports trainers, drug manufacturers, drug sellers, food manufacturers, food sellers, etc. Furthermore, preventing or reducing the risk of disease includes recommending the intake of specific foods and nutritional guidance (including nutritional guidance required for the recuperation of the wounded and sick, and nutritional guidance for maintaining and improving health).

[0107] [Composition]

[0108] (Food composition, etc.)

[0109] The composition of the present invention can be made into a food composition or a pharmaceutical composition. Unless otherwise specified, food and medicine include not only food and medicine for human use, but also food and medicine for animals other than humans. Unless otherwise specified, food includes general food, functional food, nutritional composition, and also includes therapeutic food (food to achieve therapeutic purposes. Food cooked based on a diet recipe prescribed by a doctor and a menu prepared by a nutritionist, etc.), dietetic food, formula food, nursing food, and therapeutic auxiliary food. Unless otherwise specified, food includes not only solids, but also liquid foods, such as beverages, health drinks, liquid food, and soup. Functional food refers to food that can impart a specified functionality to an organism, such as specific health foods (including special protection [specific health foods] with additional conditions), functional labeled foods, health functional foods including nutritional functional foods, special purpose foods, nutritional supplements, health supplements, nutritional supplements (e.g., tablets, coated tablets, sugar-coated tablets, capsules, liquid preparations, etc.), beauty foods (e.g., weight loss foods) and all other health foods. In addition, the "functional food" in the present invention includes health foods that apply health claims based on food standards of the Codex (FAO / WHO Joint Food Standards Committee). The composition may also be a purified product of a specific sugar. Purified products include fractionated products, partially purified products, and crude purified products.

[0110] (Target)

[0111] The composition of the present invention is suitable for administering to the following objects: it is desired or necessary to promote the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria in the intestine; it is desired or necessary to promote the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestine; any one of the group consisting of inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obesity, glucose metabolism disorder, multiple sclerosis (MS), fatty liver and cancer; a smoking population; any one of the group consisting of objects prone to constipation, diarrhea, mineral deficiency, and objects that are desired or need to supplement minerals; a disease or state improved by promoting the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria in the intestine; and a disease or state improved by promoting the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestine. Objects that are desired or needed to promote the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria in the intestine include those with a small number of Parabacteroides bacteria in the intestine. The subjects who expect or need to promote the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestine include those with a small number of Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestine. It should be noted that, in the present invention, administration refers to the case where a drug is administered to a subject, and also refers to causing the subject to ingest food other than the drug.

[0112] There is no particular limitation on the age of the subjects, and the subjects may be, for example, newborns (within 28 days after birth); infants (under 1 year after birth); toddlers (1 to 6 years after birth); children (over 7 years and under 15 years); adults (over 15 years); and people over 65 years old.

[0113] (Given by, etc.)

[0114] The composition of the present invention may be administered orally, parenterally, for example, via a tube (gastrostomy, enterostomy), or nasally, but is preferably administered orally.

[0115] The composition can be administered to the subject repeatedly or continuously for a long period of time. The duration is not particularly limited, but in order to fully observe the effect, it can be administered continuously for a relatively long period of time, for example, more than 3 days, more than 1 week, more than 2 weeks, more than 1 month, more than 3 months, more than 6 months, or more than 1 year.

[0116] The composition can be administered daily, in advance when at high risk, or when needed. The composition can be administered as a meal, before, after, or between meals, or when the disease or condition to be improved by the composition occurs.

[0117] (Dosage, content)

[0118] The dosage of the composition of the present invention may be any dosage that can produce the desired effect. The dosage may be appropriately set in consideration of various factors such as the age, weight, and symptoms of the subject.

[0119] The daily dosage of the composition can be calculated as 0.5g or more in terms of the amount of the active ingredient, can be 1g or more, preferably 2g or more, preferably 3g or more, more preferably 5g or more, and further preferably 10g or more. The upper limit of the daily active ingredient can be set to 80g or less, 70g or less, 60g or less, 50g or less, 40g or less, 30g or less, 20g or less, or 15g or less even if the lower limit is any. It should be noted that when a plurality of active ingredients are included in the composition, the amount of the active ingredient refers to the total amount of the active ingredient contained.

[0120] Administration may be once a day or may be divided into multiple times a day, for example, 2 to 10 times. The amount of active ingredient administered each time may be, for example, 0.5 g or more, 1 g or more, preferably 2 g or more, more preferably 3 g or more, and further preferably 5 g or more. The upper limit of the active ingredient each time may be 70 g or less, 60 g or less, 50 g or less, 40 g or less, 30 g or less, 25 g or less, or 10 g or less, even if the lower limit is arbitrary.

[0121] The content of the active ingredient in the composition can be appropriately set according to the form of the composition. For example, when the composition is in the form of fermented milk or beverages that are eaten / drinked directly, the content of the active ingredient per 100g of the composition can be set to 0.01% or more, preferably 0.1% or more, more preferably 0.3% or more, and further preferably 0.5% or more. The upper limit of the active ingredient per 100g of the composition can be set to 8% or less, 5% or less, 4% or less, or 3% or less even if the lower limit is arbitrary. Alternatively, the content of the active ingredient per unit solid content of the composition can be set to 0.1% or more, preferably 1% or more, more preferably 3% or more, and further preferably 5% or more. The upper limit of the active ingredient per unit solid content can be set to 80% or less, 50% or less, 40% or less, or 30% or less even if the lower limit is arbitrary. It should be noted that, with respect to the present invention, unless otherwise specified, % refers to mass %.

[0122] (Other ingredients, additives)

[0123] In the present invention, the composition may contain other effective ingredients and nutritional ingredients that are permitted as food or medicine. Examples of such ingredients are lipids (e.g., milk fat, vegetable oils and fats, oils and fats containing medium-chain fatty acids), proteins (e.g., milk protein, milk protein concentrate (MPC), whey protein concentrate (WPC), whey protein isolate (WPI), α-lactalbumin (α-La), β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg), heat-denatured whey protein, and enzyme-treated whey protein), amino acids (e.g., lysine, arginine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid, leucine, isoleucine, valine), kojibiose, and Carbohydrates other than oligosaccharides having kojibiose as a constituent sugar (glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, trehalose, erythritol, maltitol, palatinose, xylitol, dextrin), electrolytes (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium), vitamins (e.g., vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, biotin, folic acid, pantothenic acid, and niacin), minerals (e.g., copper, zinc, iron, cobalt, manganese), antibiotics, dietary fiber, etc.

[0124] In the present invention, the composition may contain prebiotics in addition to the active ingredients. Prebiotics can be said to be a kind of indigestible food ingredient that has a beneficial effect on the host by selectively changing the proliferation and activity of specific bacteria in the large intestine, thereby improving the health of the host. As prebiotics in addition to the active ingredients in the composition, one or more prebiotics can be used.

[0125] Prebiotics other than the active ingredient are not particularly limited as long as they do not interfere with the effect of the active ingredient contained in the composition. Examples of prebiotics other than the active ingredient include galacto-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides (GF2, GF3, GF4), xylo-oligosaccharides, isomaltooligosaccharides, raffinose, lactulose, lactofructooligosaccharides, soybean oligosaccharides, coffee oligosaccharides, dietary fiber, and gluconic acid.

[0126] The composition can also be used as a synbiotic, and in addition to the active ingredients, it can also contain probiotics. Synbiotics are substances composed of probiotics and prebiotics. Probiotics can be said to be such microorganisms that bring beneficial effects to the host by being introduced into the host's intestines in a live bacterial state.

[0127] There is no particular limitation on the probiotics as long as they do not hinder the effects of the active ingredients contained in the composition. As examples of probiotics, specific lactic acid bacteria and the like are known.

[0128] The composition may also contain additives that are permitted as food or medicine. Examples of such additives include inactive carriers (solid, liquid carriers), excipients, surfactants, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, cosolvents, suspending agents, coating agents, colorants, preservatives, buffers, pH regulators, emulsifiers, stabilizers, sweeteners, antioxidants, spices, acidulants, and natural products. More specifically, water, other aqueous solvents, pharmaceutically acceptable organic solvents, collagen, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, carboxyvinyl polymers, sodium alginate, water-soluble dextran, water-soluble dextrin, sodium carboxymethyl starch, pectin, xanthan gum, gum arabic, casein, gelatin, agar, glycerin, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vaseline, paraffin, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid, human serum albumin, mannitol, sorbitol, lactose, sucralose, stevioside, aspartame, acesulfame potassium, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, fruit juice, vegetable juice, etc.

[0129] (Dosage form / form)

[0130] The food composition of the present invention can be made into any form such as solid, liquid, mixture, suspension, powder, granule, paste, jelly, gel, capsule, etc. In addition, the food composition of the present invention can be made into any form such as dairy products, nutritional supplements, snacks, beverages, health drinks, flavoring agents, processed foods, side dishes, soups, etc. More specifically, the composition of the present invention can be made into liquid food, semi-liquid food, jelly, gel, powder, formula milk powder, formula liquid milk, pregnant women / lactating women milk powder / liquid milk, fermented milk, stick, mousse, chocolate, biscuit, ice cream, fermented milk, lactobacillus beverage, milk beverage, milk beverage, refreshing drink, fruit juice beverage, sheet, cheese, bread, biscuit, cracker, pizza crust, patient food, nutritious food, frozen food, processed food, etc., and can also be made into forms such as granules, powders, pastes, concentrates, etc. for mixing in beverages and foods. Granules and powders can be made into cubes or sticks (small packages for single doses). In relation to the present invention, formula milk powder, as defined in Japan's "Ministerial Ordinance on the Standards of Composition of Milk and Dairy Products, etc. (hereinafter referred to as "Ministerial Ordinance on Milk, etc."), refers to a powdered product made by processing fresh milk, cow's milk, special milk or fresh buffalo milk, or foods made with them as raw materials, or using them as the main raw materials, and adding nutrients required by infants and young children thereto. In relation to the present invention, formula liquid milk, as defined in the Provincial Ordinance on Milk, etc., refers to a liquid product made by processing fresh milk, cow's milk, special milk or fresh buffalo milk, or foods made with them as raw materials, or using them as the main raw materials, and adding nutrients required by infants and young children thereto.

[0131] The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be prepared into solid preparations such as tablets, granules, powders, pills, capsules, etc. suitable for oral administration; liquid preparations such as liquids, suspensions, syrups, etc.; any dosage form such as gels, aerosols, etc.

[0132] (other)

[0133] In the manufacture of the composition of the present invention, the stage of compounding the active ingredient can be appropriately selected. As long as the characteristics of the active ingredient are not significantly damaged, the stage of compounding is not particularly limited. For example, the active ingredient can be mixed with the raw materials and compounded. Alternatively, the composition containing the active ingredient can be manufactured by adding the active ingredient in the final stage of the manufacture.

[0134] The composition of the present invention may be labeled with the intended use (application) and may also be labeled with a content that recommends administration to a specific subject.

[0135] The composition of the present invention may be labeled with the following contents: the composition or active ingredient can (appropriately) increase the number of Parabacteroides bacteria in the intestine (in the intestine, in the gastrointestinal tract); increase the ratio of Parabacteroides bacteria in the intestinal flora; promote the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria in the intestine; treat diseases or conditions that can be improved by promoting the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria in the intestine; can (appropriately) increase the number of Bifidobacterium bacteria (Bifidobacterium) in the intestine (in the intestine, in the gastrointestinal tract); increase the number of Bifidobacterium in the intestinal flora. um) ratio of bacteria (Bifidobacterium); can promote the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria (Bifidobacterium) in the intestine; can promote the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria (Bifidobacterium) in the intestine; can treat diseases or conditions that are improved by promoting the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria (Bifidobacterium); can be used as a prebiotic; can be used as a synbiotic; can treat inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obesity, glucose metabolism disorders, multiple sclerosis, fatty liver and cancer; maintain a good intestinal environment; regulate intestinal flora; regulate gastrointestinal status; improve laxatives; or improve the intestinal environment, and can also indicate content recommended for administration to specific subjects. Labeling can be direct or indirect. Examples of direct labeling include records on the product itself, packaging, containers, labels, signs and other physical objects. Examples of indirect labeling include advertising / promotional activities conducted through websites, stores, brochures, exhibitions, media seminars and other seminars, books, newspapers, magazines, television, radio, mailings, emails, audio and other places or means.

[0136] In one embodiment, the indication of the content of the composition recommended for ingestion is personalized. This indication can be performed using a document (whether written or electronic) sent to the subject, a terminal of the subject, such as a tablet, a smartphone, and a personal computer, and a social media of the subject. In addition, this indication can be performed together with the display of the results of any test / analysis such as intestinal flora detection, substance detection in feces, and fecal metabolome analysis performed on the subject.

[0137] [Other embodiments]

[0138] In this embodiment, a food recommendation device is provided having the following:

[0139] An information acquisition unit, which acquires information about the intestinal flora of the subject;

[0140] an deriving unit that derives information of food recommended to the subject based on the information of the intestinal flora; and

[0141] A providing unit provides the derived food information to the subject.

[0142] In a preferred embodiment, the information acquisition unit of the device acquires information on the presence or quantity of bacteria of the genus Parabacteroides from information on intestinal flora, and the derivation unit derives information on food based on the information on the presence or quantity of bacteria of the genus Parabacteroides, wherein the food is a composition comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides having kojibiose as a constituent sugar. Alternatively, the information acquisition unit of the device acquires information on the presence or quantity of bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium from information on intestinal flora, and the derivation unit derives information on food based on the information on the presence or quantity of bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium, wherein the food is a composition comprising kojibiose.

[0143] In one embodiment, the food information providing device can display the provided food information on a terminal of the object. In addition, in one embodiment, the device further includes a display unit for displaying the provided food information. The display unit can be a terminal of the object, such as a tablet terminal, a smart phone, and a personal computer.

[0144] In one embodiment, the food information providing device may include an analyzing unit that analyzes bacterial flora of a sample obtained from a subject, and may include an order receiving unit that receives a food order from the subject based on the recommended food information.

[0145] This embodiment also provides a food recommendation method comprising the following steps:

[0146] Obtaining information about the subject's intestinal flora;

[0147] Based on the information of the intestinal flora, deriving information of foods recommended to the subject; then

[0148] The derived food information is provided to the subject.

[0149] In a preferred embodiment, in the step of acquiring information, information on the presence or quantity of bacteria of the genus Parabacteroides is acquired from information on intestinal flora, and in the step of deriving food information, information on food is derived based on information on the presence or quantity of bacteria of the genus Parabacteroides, wherein the food is a composition comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides having kojibiose as a constituent sugar. Alternatively, in the step of acquiring information, information on the presence or quantity of bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium is acquired from information on intestinal flora, and in the step of deriving food information, information on food is derived based on information on the presence or quantity of bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium, wherein the food is a composition comprising galactosyl kojibiose.

[0150] The method may further include: displaying the provided food information on a terminal of the target. The terminal of the target may be, for example, a tablet terminal, a smart phone, and a personal computer.

[0151] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail using examples, but the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0152] Example

[0153] [Test Example 1]

[0154] (Stool Culture)

[0155] Each evaluation substance was added to a stool dilution prepared by suspending stool from a healthy adult in a semi-fluidized medium for GAM sugar decomposition "Nissui" (Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) from which agar had been filtered out, at a concentration of 1%.

[0156] The following substances were used as evaluation substances.

[0157] Oligosaccharide composition

[0158] Galactosyl kojibiose (trisaccharide fraction)

[0159] Tetrasaccharide fraction

[0160] Kojibiose

[0161] Fructooligosaccharide (Comparative Example)

[0162] Isomaltose (Comparative Example)

[0163] The oligosaccharide composition used the enzyme reaction solution prepared in Production Example 1 described later (4'-galactosyl kojibiose (α-D-Glcp-(1→2)-[β-D-Galp-(1→4)-]D-Glcp) was 30-35%, lactose was 30-35%, and fructose was 25-30% per unit solid content). Galactosyl kojibiose (trisaccharide fraction) refers to a fractionated and purified product containing 4'-galactosyl kojibiose prepared in Production Example 2 as a main component. Tetrasaccharide fraction refers to a fractionated and purified product containing a tetrasaccharide in which one molecule of glucose is bonded to 4'-galactosyl kojibiose prepared in Production Example 2 as a main component.

[0164] Kojibiose, fructooligosaccharide, and isomaltose were used as follows.

[0165] Kojibiose: Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., distributor code 116-00953

[0166] Fructooligosaccharide (Comparative Example): (Meiji Co., Ltd.) (GF2 (kestose) 85% or more, other GF3, etc.)

[0167] Isomaltose (Comparative Example): Hayashibara Co., Ltd. "Isomaltose" No.: IM121

[0168] The feces of two people were tested separately without mixing. It should be noted that the culture medium used in the test was left to stand in an anaerobic glove box for at least one night before use. The microbioreactor BioLector Pro (m2p-Labs) and a culture plate with a microfluidic channel were used for the culture. The pH during the culture was maintained at a constant level of 6.5 using 1.5N hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, while the culture was carried out in an anaerobic environment at 37°C and 600rpm for 2 days. The prebiotic capacity of the added evaluation substance was evaluated by comparing the cultured bacterial flora with the control condition without the addition of the evaluation substance.

[0169] (Analysis of intestinal bacterial occupancy using next-generation sequencer)

[0170] The Maxwell RSC PureFood GMO & Authentication Kit (Promega) was used to extract and purify DNA from the fecal dilution after culture, and amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region was performed using MiSeq (Illumina). The obtained .fastq file was analyzed using QIIME2 (https: / / qiime2.org / ) and the occupancy of each intestinal bacteria was calculated.

[0171] The results are as follows Figure 1-1 and 1-2 shown.

[0172] Regarding Parabacteroides bacteria, an increase in occupancy was observed in the intestinal flora of both test subjects to which the oligosaccharide composition, kojibiose, galactosylkojibiose (trisaccharide fraction), and tetrasaccharide fraction were added, respectively.

[0173] Parabacteroides bacteria are bacteria that live in the intestines. By promoting the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria, it is expected to be effective for inflammation, obesity, glucose metabolism disorders, fatty liver and cancer (Non-patent literature 1 to 3). In addition, it has been reported that: Parabacteroides distasonis (P. distasonis) is reduced in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) (Non-patent literature 4), and that a combination of Parabacteroides bacteria, Oscillospira bacteria, Rickenellaceae bacteria, Parabacteroides bacteria, etc. can distinguish between patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and healthy controls (CTRLs) (Non-patent literature 5). Therefore, according to the results Figure 1-1 It is believed that the oligosaccharide composition, kojibiose, galactosylkojibiose (trisaccharide fraction) and tetrasaccharide fraction can be used to treat any one selected from the group consisting of inflammation, obesity, glucose metabolism disorder, multiple sclerosis (MS), fatty liver and cancer.

[0174] In addition, it was reported that oral administration of Parabacteroides goldsteinii improved weight loss and the increase of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue in mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) induced by smoking, and the mechanism was suggested to be that pentaacyl lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall component of Parabacteroides goldsteinii, antagonized the activation of TLR4 receptor caused by inflammatory hexaacyl lipopolysaccharide from intestinal bacteria (Non-Patent Document 6). Therefore, according to the results Figure 1-1 It is believed that the oligosaccharide composition, kojibiose, galactosylkojibiose (trisaccharide fraction) and tetrasaccharide fraction may be useful in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

[0175] Regarding Bifidobacterium bacteria, an increase in the occupancy was observed in the intestinal flora of two subjects to which the oligosaccharide composition, kojibiose, galactosyl kojibiose (trisaccharide fraction), and tetrasaccharide fraction were added, respectively. In both subjects, it was observed that galactosyl kojibiose and the oligosaccharide composition increased the occupancy of Bifidobacterium bacteria more significantly than kojibiose.

[0176] It is known that bifidobacteria themselves or short-chain fatty acids produced by bifidobacteria have an intestinal conditioning effect, and that the production of short-chain fatty acids lowers the pH in the large intestine, resulting in increased solubility of minerals, which are easily passed through mucosal cells and promoted absorption by cells (Non-Patent Document 8). Figure 1-2 Oligosaccharide compositions, kojibiose, galactosyl kojibiose (trisaccharide fractions) and tetrasaccharide fractions can be used to regulate the intestinal tract and promote the absorption of minerals. Examples of minerals include calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium, zinc, copper, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, iodine, sodium, phosphorus and selenium. The composition can be expected to promote the absorption of calcium, magnesium and iron in particular.

[0177] [Test Example 2: Human test (Changes in intestinal flora caused by taking oligosaccharide composition for two weeks)]

[0178] Changes in intestinal flora were evaluated after adult males ingested 20 g of a sugar solution containing galactosyl kojibiose described in the following Production Example 1 daily for two weeks. DNA was extracted and purified from the stool dilution, and amplicon sequencing and data analysis were performed in the same manner as in Test Example 1.

[0179] The results are as follows Figure 2 An increase in the occupancy of bacteria belonging to the genera Parabacteroides and Bifidobacterium was observed.

[0180] [Test Example 3]

[0181] (Stool Culture)

[0182] Galactosyl kojibiose (trisaccharide fraction) (n=60) was added to a stool dilution obtained by suspending stool from a healthy adult in a semi-fluidized medium "Nissui" (Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) for GAM sugar decomposition from which agar had been filtered out so as to give a concentration of 0.25%. Galactosyl kojibiose (trisaccharide fraction) refers to a fractionated purified product containing 4'-galactosyl kojibiose as a main component prepared in Production Example 2.

[0183] The feces of 60 people were quickly packaged under refrigerated conditions after excretion and stored frozen at -80°C until use. These fecal samples were tested separately without mixing. It should be noted that the culture medium used in the test was used after standing in an anaerobic glove box for at least one night. A 96-well deep well plate was used for the culture, and cultured at 37°C in an anaerobic environment for 1 day. The prebiotic ability of the added evaluation substance was evaluated by comparing the cultured bacterial flora with the control condition in which distilled water was added instead of the evaluation substance.

[0184] (Analysis of intestinal bacterial occupancy using next-generation sequencer)

[0185] Using the Maxwell RSC PureFood GMO & Authentication Kit (Promega), DNA was extracted and purified from the fecal dilution after culture, and amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region was performed using MiSeq (Illumina). The obtained .fastq file was analyzed using QIIME2 (https: / / qiime2.org / ), and the occupancy of each intestinal bacteria was calculated.

[0186] The output results at the genus level are as follows: Figure 3-1 As in Test Example 1, when galactosyl kojibiose (trisaccharide fraction) was added, a significant increase in the occupancy rate of Parabacteroides bacteria was observed (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p = 3.59x10 -8 ).

[0187] In the species-level analysis using amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region using MiSeq (Illumina), a significant increase was confirmed in the species labeled "Parabacteroides_" (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p = 2.07x10 -8 ). The result is Figure 3-2 shown.

[0188] In human feces, Parabacteroides distasonis is one of the two major species. The standard strain of Parabacteroides distasonis (JCM 5825 T ) was subjected to amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region using MiSeq (Illumina) in the same manner as the DNA obtained from the stool dilution after culture. When the obtained .fastq file was analyzed using QIIME2 (https: / / qiime2.org / ), it was confirmed that it was classified as "Parabacteroides_" at the species level. For Parabacteroides merdae, another major species, the standard strain (JCM 9497 T ) was not classified as "Parabacteroides_", but the result of "Parabacteroides merdae" was obtained.

[0189] In addition, when DNA extracted from 50 stool samples provided by volunteers in the past was analyzed for bacterial species using both amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region of MiSeq (Illumina) and shotgun metagenomics, it was confirmed that the bacterial species labeled "Parabacteroides_" highly corresponded to Parabacteroides distasonis obtained in shotgun metagenomics.

[0190] Judging from the above Figure 3-2 The results shown show that the addition of galactosyl kojibiose (trisaccharide fraction) significantly increased the occupancy of Parabacteroides distasonis in feces, also labeled as Parabacteroides distasonis in the figure.

[0191] (summary)

[0192] In Test Example 3, by adding galactosyl kojibiose (trisaccharide fraction) to culture feces, an increase in the occupancy rate of Parabacteroides bacteria was observed, and the effect of promoting the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria was confirmed. In addition, by adding galactosyl kojibiose (trisaccharide fraction), it was confirmed that the occupancy rate of at least Parabacteroides distasonis among Parabacteroides bacteria increased significantly.

[0193] [Production Example 1: Production of Oligosaccharide Composition]

[0194] (Preparation of enzyme solution)

[0195] Lactobacillus satsumensis JCM12392 activated and cultured in a commercially available MRS liquid medium was transplanted into the medium shown below at 1%, and cultured at 30°C for 27 hours in a jar fermentor while maintaining the pH at 6.4 with sodium hydroxide, and then cooled to below 10°C to terminate the culture.

[0196] [Table 1]

[0197]

[0198] The obtained culture solution was centrifuged and the supernatant was discarded to concentrate the bacterial cell concentration to 15 times, and the obtained substance was used as an enzyme solution.

[0199] (Enzyme reaction)

[0200] The mixture was mixed with mineral water so that sucrose was 30 w / w%, lactose was 30 w / w%, and enzyme solution was 0.5 w / w%, and the mixture was allowed to react at 48°C for 3 days under static conditions to obtain an enzyme reaction solution (oligosaccharide composition. In terms of unit solid content, 4'-galactosyl kojibiose was 30-35%, lactose was 30-35%, and fructose was 25-30%).

[0201] [Production Example 2: Production of trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide purified fractions]

[0202] (Preparation of enzyme solution)

[0203] Lactobacillus satsumensis JCM12392 was cultured in a commercially available MRS liquid medium at 30°C overnight, and then cooled to below 10°C to terminate the culture.

[0204] The obtained culture solution was centrifuged and the supernatant was discarded to collect the bacterial cells, and then an equal amount of citrate-phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) was added to collect the bacterial cells again to wash the bacterial cells. The above buffer was added to the obtained bacterial cells in an amount half that of the original culture solution, and the suspended substance was used as an enzyme solution.

[0205] (Enzyme reaction)

[0206] Sucrose 32 w / w%, lactose 16 w / w%, and enzyme solution 10 w / w% were mixed and reacted at 48°C for 18 hours. The sugar composition after the reaction was analyzed by HPLC (SUPELCO apHera (registered trademark) NH 2 The results of the HPLC analysis are shown in Figure 4 The composition contains 25-30% of 4'-galactosyl kojibiose, 15-20% of lactose, and 30-35% of fructose based on solid content.

[0207] (Purification of trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide fractions)

[0208] After the enzyme reaction solution was passed through the carbon diatomite column, distilled water was passed through to remove non-adsorbed substances. Elution was performed stepwise using aqueous ethanol solutions of different concentrations, thereby obtaining a trisaccharide fraction containing 4'-galactosyl kojibiose as a main component and a tetrasaccharide fraction containing a tetrasaccharide further bonded to a molecule of glucose ( Figure 5 ).

[0209] (Lactase treatment and structural analysis of fractionated purified products)

[0210] The purified trisaccharide fraction was freeze-dried and dissolved in a pH 6.5 citrate-phosphate buffer at a concentration of 10%. 0.1% lactase (product name: GODO-YNL, Godo Spirits Co., Ltd.) was added thereto, and the enzyme reaction was carried out at 40°C. The results of LCMS analysis using an amide column (BEH Amide, Waters) confirmed that kojibiose (a disaccharide in which glucose is linked to each other by α-1,2 bonds, corresponding to an elution time of 7.75 minutes) was generated after the reaction ( Figure 6 ).

[0211] The above results confirmed that the main component of the trisaccharide fraction was 4'-galactosylkojibiose. Transfer of lactose to galactose residues was also considered based on the enzyme activity, but surprisingly, transfer to galactose residues hardly occurred, and galactosylkojibiose (described below) was generated.

[0212]

[0213] [Production Example 3: 100% orange juice beverage]

[0214] 168 g of 1 / 6 concentrated orange juice, 20 g of the oligosaccharide composition (solid content 60%) obtained in Preparation Example 1 and an appropriate amount of flavoring were dissolved in ion exchange water to a total of 1000 ml. The mixture was filled into a container and sterilized by heating at 65° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a 100% orange juice beverage containing the oligosaccharide composition obtained in Preparation Example 1. The juice beverage contained about 0.36-0.42 g / 100 g of 4'-galactosyl kojibiose. The juice beverage can be used to improve intestinal flora.

[0215] [Production Example 4: Yogurt Drink]

[0216] The raw material cream, skim condensed milk, and raw material water are mixed and dissolved, heat sterilized at 110°C for 30 seconds, cooled to 43°C, and a lactic acid bacteria fermentation agent composed of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus is added, and fermented to an acidity of 0.75, and the homogenized solution is mixed and dissolved with raw material water, pectin, sucralose, the oligosaccharide composition obtained in Manufacturing Example 1, and spices, and heat sterilized at 80°C for 10 minutes, and the obtained solution is mixed and stirred under cooling and used. The proportion of the raw materials is shown in the following table. The obtained yogurt beverage can be used to promote the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestine.

[0217] [Table 2]

[0218]

[0219] [Production Example 5: Fermented milk 1]

[0220] Raw milk is prepared by mixing 500.0g of fresh milk, 53.2g of skim milk powder, 23.0g of fresh cream, 403.6g of tap water and 50g of sucrose. The raw milk is sterilized by heating at a temperature of 95°C, and the sterilized raw milk is cooled. Then, 0.5% red-striped liquid lactobacillus (Liquorilactobacillus satsumensis) concentrate is inoculated in the raw milk, and after fermentation for 18 hours at 48°C and standing, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus are added as lactic acid bacteria fermentation agents. The amount of lactic acid bacteria fermentation agent added is 20g. The raw milk added with lactic acid bacteria fermentation agent is filled into a cup container (capacity: 100ml, made of plastic). The raw milk filled in the cup container is allowed to stand and ferment in a fermentation room at a temperature of 43°C until the lactic acid acidity reaches 0.7%. The fermented milk obtained can be used to promote mineral absorption.

[0221] [Production Example 6: Fermented milk 2]

[0222] Raw milk is prepared by mixing 500.0 g of fresh milk, 53.2 g of skim milk powder, 23.0 g of fresh cream, 403.6 g of tap water, and 54 g of the oligosaccharide composition obtained in Manufacturing Example 1. Then, the raw milk is sterilized by heating at a temperature of 95°C, and the sterilized raw milk is cooled to a temperature of 43°C. Next, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus are added to the sterilized raw milk as lactic acid bacteria starters. The amount of lactic acid bacteria starter added is 20 g. The raw milk to which the lactic acid bacteria starter is added is filled into a cup container (capacity: 100 ml. Made of plastic). The raw milk filled in the cup container is allowed to stand and ferment in a fermentation room at a temperature of 43°C until the lactic acid acidity reaches 0.7%. The fermented milk obtained can be used to regulate the intestines.

[0223] Industrial Applicability

[0224] The present invention supports the maintenance / improvement of people's health through a composition for improving intestinal flora, wherein the composition contains any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides having kojibiose as a constituent sugar. In addition, according to the present invention, a food composition and a method for producing a food that supports the maintenance / improvement of people's health can be provided. Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is possible to achieve improvement in nutrition of various people, ensure healthy living, and promote welfare.

Claims

1. A composition for improving intestinal flora, comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides containing kojibiose as a constituent sugar.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein Improvement of intestinal flora includes promoting the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria.

3. A composition for promoting the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestinal tract, comprising galactosyl kojibiose.

4. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, for use as a prebiotic or a synbiotic.

5. A composition for treating any one selected from the group consisting of inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, glucose metabolism disorder, multiple sclerosis, fatty liver and cancer, comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides containing kojibiose as a constituent sugar.

6. The composition according to claim 5, wherein The treatment is carried out by promoting the proliferation of Parabacteroides bacteria in the intestine.

7. A composition for treating a disease or condition that is improved by promoting the growth of Parabacteroides bacteria in the intestinal tract, the composition comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides containing kojibiose as a constituent sugar.

8. A composition for promoting mineral absorption and conditioning any of the intestinal tract, comprising galactosyl kojibiose.

9. The composition according to claim 8, which is based on promoting the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestine.

10. A composition for treating a disease or condition that is improved by promoting the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bacteria in the intestinal tract, comprising galactosyl kojibiose.

11. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5 to 10, comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides containing kojibiose as a constituent sugar in the form of a composition containing galactosyl kojibiose, wherein the galactosyl kojibiose is obtained by allowing a lactic acid bacterium expressing glucansucrase or a processed product thereof to act on a composition containing sucrose and lactose.

12. The composition according to claim 4, comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides containing kojibiose as a constituent sugar in the form of a composition comprising galactosyl kojibiose obtained by allowing a lactic acid bacterium expressing glucansucrase or a processed product thereof to act on a composition comprising sucrose and lactose.

13. A composition according to any one of claims 2, 6 and 7, wherein The genus Parabacteroides includes Parabacteroides distasonis.

14. A food information providing device comprising: an information acquisition unit for acquiring information of an intestinal flora of a subject; An exporting unit, which exports information of food recommended to the subject based on the information of the intestinal flora; as well as a providing unit, providing the derived food information to the object, The information acquisition unit acquires information on the presence or amount of Parabacteroides bacteria from the information on the intestinal flora, and the deriving unit derives information on the food based on the information on the presence or amount of Parabacteroides bacteria, wherein the food is a composition containing any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides having kojibiose as a constituent sugar, or The information acquisition unit acquires information on the presence or quantity of Bifidobacterium bacteria from the information on the intestinal flora, and the derivation unit derives information on the food, which is a composition containing galactosyl kojibiose, based on the information on the presence or quantity of Bifidobacterium bacteria.

15. The device according to claim 14, wherein: The provided food information can be displayed on the subject's terminal.

16. The apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising a display unit which displays the provided food information.

17. A method for providing food information, comprising the following steps: obtaining information on the intestinal flora of a subject; Based on the information of the intestinal flora, deriving information of foods recommended to the subject; then providing the derived food information to the subject, In the step of acquiring information, information on the presence or amount of Parabacteroides bacteria is acquired from the information on intestinal flora, and in the step of deriving food information, information on the food is derived based on the information on the presence or amount of Parabacteroides bacteria, wherein the food is a composition comprising any one selected from the group consisting of kojibiose and oligosaccharides having kojibiose as a constituent sugar, or In the step of acquiring information, information on the presence or quantity of Bifidobacterium bacteria is acquired from information on intestinal flora, and in the step of deriving food information, information on food is derived based on the information on the presence or quantity of Bifidobacterium bacteria, wherein the food is a composition containing galactosyl kojibiose.

18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising the step of displaying the provided food information on a terminal of the subject.

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