Drum spline machining method, storage medium and shaft part
By calculating the radial offset and curve trajectory of gear machining tools, the traditional drum spline machining process has been changed, improving efficiency and reducing costs, thus solving the problems of low efficiency and high cost in existing technologies.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHANGSHA ZT AERO TRANSMISSION CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-19
AI Technical Summary
Existing drum-shaped spline processing solutions are inefficient, costly, and difficult to meet the needs of mass production.
By calculating the radial offset of the gear machining tool, the machining trajectory is determined, and the metal cutting machine tool is programmed to perform machining based on the trajectory, thus changing the traditional method of grinding each tooth groove individually.
It improves the processing efficiency of drum-shaped splines, reduces equipment investment and production costs, and meets the needs of mass production.
Smart Images
Figure CN119772276B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application belongs to the field of machining technology, specifically relating to a method for machining drum-shaped splines, a storage medium, and shaft-type parts. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of mechanical transmission, spline connections are widely used due to their ability to transmit large torques and their excellent centering performance. Among the various types of splines, the drum spline exhibits a regular tooth thickness variation along the axial direction. Starting from both ends of the spline, the tooth thickness gradually increases until it reaches its maximum value at the center of the spline tooth width, and then gradually decreases. Therefore, under load and relative motion, the center of the tooth width bears the primary wear first. By preferentially wearing down the center of the tooth width, the wear distribution of the entire spline during long-term use can be effectively dispersed, avoiding spline failure caused by excessive local wear. This significantly improves the overall service life of the drum spline, making it more competitive in mechanical transmission systems with high reliability and durability requirements, and providing strong support for the stable operation and long-term work of related mechanical equipment.
[0003] However, existing methods for machining drum-shaped splines mostly involve rough machining the tooth grooves using gear hobbing, followed by finishing using a profile grinding machine. Because this method grinds each tooth groove individually, the machining efficiency is extremely low, significantly extending the production cycle and making it difficult to meet the demands of mass production. Furthermore, this process is costly, not only due to its complexity and time-consuming nature, but also because the profile grinding equipment itself is expensive, posing a significant challenge to companies' equipment investment and production cost control. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of this, this application provides a method for machining drum-shaped splines, a storage medium, and shaft-type parts, with the main purpose of reducing machining costs and improving machining efficiency.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application mainly provides the following technical solutions:
[0006] A first aspect of this application provides a method for machining drum-shaped splines, comprising:
[0007] Calculate the radial offset of the starting and intermediate positions of the gear machining tool relative to the shaft part during the machining process;
[0008] Based on the calculated radial offset, the curve trajectory of the gear machining tool when machining the shaft part is determined;
[0009] The programming operation is performed based on the determined curve trajectory, thereby using programming instructions to drive a metal cutting machine tool to realize the machining of the drum spline of the shaft part.
[0010] Optionally, calculating the radial offset of the starting and intermediate positions of the gear machining tool relative to the shaft part during machining includes:
[0011] Select any point on the theoretical tooth surface as the calculation reference point;
[0012] Based on the selected calculation reference point, the reverse extension of the normal of the point is connected to the tangent point of the shaft part and the center point of the shaft part to construct the first right triangle.
[0013] Based on the calculation reference point, a second right triangle is constructed using the normal of the calculation reference point and the circumferential tangent of the calculation reference point relative to the shaft part;
[0014] The radial offset is calculated based on the second right triangle.
[0015] Optionally, the normal of the calculation reference point forms the hypotenuse of the second right triangle, the angle between the normal of the calculation reference point and the circumferential tangent of the calculation reference point relative to the shaft part is the pressure angle of the calculation reference point, the length of the right-angled side of the second right triangle facing the pressure angle is the radial offset, and the length of the other right-angled side of the second right triangle is the drum-shaped change of the center part of the drum-shaped spline relative to the two end parts.
[0016] Optionally, the formula for calculating the radial offset is:
[0017] Δr=Δn / sinα
[0018] In the formula, Δr is the radial offset, Δn is the length of the hypotenuse of the second right triangle, and α is the angle of the pressure angle.
[0019] Optionally, the formula for calculating the length of the hypotenuse of the second right triangle is:
[0020] Δn=Δb / cosα
[0021] In the formula, Δn is the length of the hypotenuse of the second right triangle, Δb is the amount of change in the drum shape, and α is the angle of the pressure angle.
[0022] Optionally, the curve trajectory is an arc shape.
[0023] Optionally, determining the curve trajectory of the gear machining tool when machining the shaft part based on the calculated radial offset includes:
[0024] The radius of the curve trajectory is calculated based on the calculated radial offset.
[0025] Optionally, the formula for calculating the radius of the curve trajectory is:
[0026]
[0027] In the formula, R is the radius of the curve trajectory, c is the height of the shaft part, and Δr is the radial offset.
[0028] A second aspect of this application provides a storage medium having a programming program stored thereon, which, when executed, can drive a metal cutting machine tool as described above to perform drum spline machining on the shaft-type parts.
[0029] A third aspect of this application provides a shaft-type part having a drum-shaped spline region along its axial direction, the drum-shaped spline region being manufactured using the drum-shaped spline machining method described above.
[0030] By employing the above technical solution, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:
[0031] This application provides a method for machining drum-shaped splines, a storage medium, and shaft parts. Compared to existing methods that involve rough machining the tooth grooves using gear hobbing followed by individual grinding on a gear grinding machine for finishing, this drum-shaped spline machining method determines the machining trajectory by calculating the radial offset of the gear cutting tool. The machining is then programmed and driven by a metal cutting machine based on this trajectory. This changes the original complex and time-consuming machining process, avoiding the inefficient operation of grinding each tooth groove individually, effectively shortening the machining time, improving the machining efficiency of drum-shaped splines, and better meeting the needs of mass production. Simultaneously, this drum-shaped spline machining method optimizes the machining process, reduces reliance on high-cost equipment and the time costs associated with cumbersome procedures, thereby helping enterprises reduce equipment investment and production costs, achieving cost reduction and efficiency improvement. Attached Figure Description
[0032] Figure 1 A flowchart of a drum-shaped spline processing method according to an optional embodiment of this application;
[0033] Figure 2 A flowchart of a drum-shaped spline processing method according to another optional embodiment of this application;
[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 2 The structural diagrams corresponding to steps S1011 and S1012 in the example shown;
[0035] Figure 4 for Figure 2 The example shown is a schematic diagram of the structure corresponding to steps S1013 and S1014.
[0036] The reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows:
[0037] 1. Theoretical tooth surface; 2. Calculation reference point; 3. Normal line; 4. Reverse extension line; 5. Tangent point; 6. Center point; 7. First right triangle; 8. Circumferential tangent line; 9. Second right triangle. Detailed Implementation
[0038] Exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this application will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.
[0039] See Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this application provides a method for processing drum-shaped splines, including:
[0040] Step S101: Calculate the radial offset of the starting position and intermediate position of the gear machining tool relative to the shaft part during the machining process.
[0041] Among them, the gear machining tool can be a gear hobbing cutter.
[0042] Specifically, the tooth thickness of a drum-shaped spline exhibits a regular variation along its axial direction, increasing from both ends towards the center. To machine this shape, it's necessary to determine the radial distance variation between the gear machining tool's initial and intermediate positions relative to the shaft component during machining—that is, the radial offset. This is because the radial distance between the gear machining tool and the shaft component at different positions determines the resulting spline tooth thickness. For example, the tooth thickness is greatest at the center of the tooth width, and the radial position of the gear machining tool should be further away from the shaft component than at the ends. Calculating this radial offset ensures that the tooth profile conforms to the requirements of a drum-shaped spline.
[0043] Further, see Figure 2 As shown, step S101 includes:
[0044] Step S1011: Select any point on the theoretical tooth surface 1 as the calculation reference point 2.
[0045] Among them, theoretical tooth surface 1 can be any spline tooth surface.
[0046] Specifically, in order to accurately calculate the radial offset of the gear machining tool relative to the shaft part, a reference point needs to be determined on the theoretical tooth surface 1 to carry out subsequent geometric calculations. This reference point can be used as the calculation datum point 2, and a geometric model for calculating the radial offset can be constructed using the calculation datum point 2.
[0047] Step S1012: Based on the selected calculation reference point 2, connect the reverse extension line 4 of the normal line 3 of the point to the tangent point 5 of the shaft part and the center point 6 of the shaft part to construct the first right triangle 7.
[0048] In this context, the normal 3 of the calculation reference point 2 is a vector perpendicular to the tangent line of the theoretical tooth surface 1 at that point. Extending the normal 3 of the calculation reference point 2 in the opposite direction, the reverse extension line 4 of the normal 3 will intersect the surface of the shaft-like part at a single point.
[0049] Specifically, see Figure 3 As shown, according to the rules of involute formation, the backward extension 4 of the normal 3 of the calculation reference point 2 must be tangent to the spline base circle, and the angle α is the pressure angle at that point. At this time, connecting the tangency point 5, the center point 6 of the shaft part, and the calculation reference point 2 forms a right triangle, namely the first right triangle 7.
[0050] Among them, the line segment connecting the center point 6 and the tangent point 5 of the shaft-like part forms one right-angled side of the first right triangle 7, the line segment connecting the tangent point 5 and the calculation reference point 2 forms the other right-angled side of the first right triangle 7, and the line segment connecting the center point 6 and the calculation reference point 2 of the shaft-like part forms the hypotenuse of the first right triangle 7.
[0051] Specifically, see Figure 3 As shown, the hypotenuse of the first right triangle 7 is roughly in the same direction as the offset path of the gear machining tool. This error is acceptable in machining. Therefore, based on the approximate relationship between the hypotenuse and the offset path of the gear machining tool, and by further combining the specific design parameters of the drum spline, such as the tooth thickness variation law, the radial offset of the gear machining tool relative to the shaft part at the starting position and the middle position can be gradually derived through geometric calculation and trigonometric function relationship.
[0052] Step S1013: Based on the calculation reference point 2, construct a second right triangle 9 using the normal 3 of the calculation reference point 2 and the circumferential tangent 8 of the calculation reference point 2 relative to the shaft part.
[0053] In step S1012 above, the lengths of all three sides of the first right triangle 7 are unknown, with only angle α being known. Under these circumstances, the length of the hypotenuse of the first right triangle 7 cannot be directly calculated, thus hindering the calculation of the radial offset. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a new second right triangle 9 by calculating the normal 3 of the reference point 2 based on the hypotenuse of the first right triangle 7. This second right triangle 9 must have at least one known side; only through this second right triangle 9 can the radial offset be calculated.
[0054] Specifically, given the amount of change in the shape of the drum-shaped spline, a second right triangle 9 can be constructed based on this change. (See also...) Figure 4 As shown, the direction of the drum-shaped spline's drum shape change is the same as the direction of the circumferential tangent 8 of the calculation reference point 2 relative to the shaft-like part. Therefore, a second right-angled triangle 9 is constructed by combining the circumferential tangent 8 of the calculation reference point 2 relative to the shaft-like part with the normal 3 of the calculation reference point 2.
[0055] In this embodiment, see Figure 4 As shown, the normal 3 of the calculation reference point 2 forms the hypotenuse of the second right triangle 9. The angle between the normal 3 of the calculation reference point 2 and the circumferential tangent 8 of the calculation reference point 2 relative to the shaft part is the pressure angle of the calculation reference point 2. The right-angled side facing the pressure angle in the second right triangle 9 is roughly in the same direction as the offset path of the gear machining tool, and its length is used to characterize the radial offset. The other right-angled side in the second right triangle 9, that is, the length of the circumferential tangent 8 of the calculation reference point 2 relative to the shaft part, is used to characterize the amount of drum-shaped change of the central part of the drum spline relative to the two ends.
[0056] Specifically, in this embodiment, the circumferential tangent 8 of the calculation reference point 2 relative to the shaft part is perpendicular to the line segment connecting the center point 6 of the shaft part and the calculation reference point 2. That is, the right-angled side of the pressure angle forming the calculation reference point 2 in the second right triangle 9 is perpendicular to the hypotenuse of the first right triangle 7. Thus, the right-angled side facing the pressure angle in the second right triangle 9 is parallel to the hypotenuse of the first right triangle 7, so that the length of the right-angled side facing the pressure angle in the second right triangle 9 can characterize the radial offset.
[0057] Step S1014: Calculate the radial offset based on the second right triangle 9.
[0058] The formula for calculating the radial offset is as follows:
[0059] Δr=Δn / sinα
[0060] In the formula, Δr is the radial offset, Δn is the length of the hypotenuse of the second right triangle 9, and α is the angle of the pressure angle.
[0061] The formula for calculating the length of the hypotenuse of the second right triangle 9 is as follows:
[0062] Δn=Δb / cosα
[0063] In the formula, Δn is the length of the hypotenuse of the second right triangle 9, Δb is the change in the shape of the drum, and α is the angle of the pressure angle.
[0064] Step S201: Based on the calculated radial offset, determine the curve trajectory of the gear machining tool when machining shaft parts.
[0065] In the case where the drum-shaped spline is axisymmetric, the trajectory of the gear machining tool is also a curve that is symmetrical about the center of the shaft part.
[0066] Specifically, starting from the initial position, the gear machining tool moves along the axial direction of the shaft part while the radial position gradually changes according to the calculated offset. The radial offset reaches its maximum value at the middle position and then gradually changes back to the starting position at the other end, thus forming a drum-shaped curve trajectory.
[0067] Furthermore, the curve trajectory is circular.
[0068] From the perspective of the relative motion between the gear machining tool and the shaft-like part, the arc-shaped trajectory conforms to the natural motion state of the gear machining tool when machining around the shaft-like part. If the radial position of the gear machining tool changes according to the arc-shaped trajectory while rotating and cutting, it can make the cutting force distribution between the gear machining tool and the shaft-like part more uniform.
[0069] Further, step S201 includes:
[0070] Step S2011: Calculate the radius of the curve trajectory based on the calculated radial offset.
[0071] The formula for calculating the radius of the curve trajectory is:
[0072]
[0073] In the formula, R is the radius of the curve trajectory, c is the height of the shaft part, and Δr is the radial offset.
[0074] Step S301: Perform programming operations based on the determined curve trajectory, thereby using programming instructions to drive the metal cutting machine tool to realize the machining of the drum spline of shaft parts.
[0075] In the case where the gear cutting tool is a hobbing cutter, the metal cutting machine tool is a CNC hobbing machine.
[0076] The drum-shaped spline machining method provided in this application determines the machining trajectory by calculating the radial offset of the gear machining tool. This trajectory is then used to program and drive a metal cutting machine tool for machining. This method changes the original complex and time-consuming machining process, avoiding the inefficient operation of grinding each tooth groove individually. It effectively shortens machining time, improves the machining efficiency of drum-shaped splines, and better meets the needs of mass production. Simultaneously, this drum-shaped spline machining method optimizes the machining process, reduces reliance on high-cost equipment and the time costs associated with cumbersome procedures, thereby helping enterprises reduce equipment investment and production costs, achieving the goal of cost reduction and efficiency improvement.
[0077] Based on the above Figure 1 and Figure 2 Accordingly, this application embodiment also provides a storage medium storing a programming program, which, when executed, can drive a metal cutting machine tool as described above to perform drum-shaped spline machining on shaft-type parts.
[0078] Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (such as CD-ROM, USB flash drive, mobile hard drive, etc.) and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (such as personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods of various implementation scenarios of this application.
[0079] To achieve the above objectives, this application also provides a shaft-type part, which has a drum-shaped spline region along the axial direction. The drum-shaped spline in the drum-shaped spline region is manufactured using the drum-shaped spline processing method described above.
[0080] The above disclosures are only a few specific implementation scenarios of this application. However, this application is not limited to these. Any variations that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A method of drum spline machining, characterized by, include: Calculate the radial offset of the starting and intermediate positions of the gear machining tool relative to the shaft part during the machining process; Based on the calculated radial offset, the curve trajectory of the gear machining tool when machining the shaft part is determined; The programming operation is performed based on the determined curve trajectory, thereby using programming instructions to drive a metal cutting machine tool to realize the machining of the drum spline of the shaft part; The calculation of the radial offset of the starting and intermediate positions of the gear machining tool relative to the shaft part during the machining process includes: Select any point on the theoretical tooth surface (1) as the calculation reference point (2); Based on the selected calculation reference point (2), the reverse extension line (4) of the normal (3) of the point is connected to the tangent point (5) of the shaft part and the center point (6) of the shaft part to construct the first right triangle (7). Based on the calculation reference point (2), a second right triangle (9) is constructed using the normal (3) of the calculation reference point (2) and the circumferential tangent (8) of the calculation reference point (2) relative to the shaft part. The radial offset is calculated based on the second right triangle (9); The normal (3) of the calculation reference point (2) forms the hypotenuse of the second right triangle (9). The angle between the normal (3) of the calculation reference point (2) and the calculation reference point (2) relative to the circumferential tangent (8) of the shaft part is the pressure angle of the calculation reference point (2). The length of the right-angled side facing the pressure angle in the second right triangle (9) is the radial offset. The length of the other right-angled side in the second right triangle (9) is the drum-shaped change of the center part of the drum spline relative to the two ends.
2. The drum hobbing method according to claim 1, characterized by The formula for calculating the radial offset is: In the formula, This is the radial offset. Let the length of the hypotenuse of the second right triangle (9) be denoted as . The angle is the pressure angle.
3. The method for processing drum-shaped splines according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the length of the hypotenuse of the second right triangle (9) is: In the formula, Let the length of the hypotenuse of the second right triangle (9) be denoted as . The amount of change in the drum shape, The angle is the pressure angle.
4. The method for processing drum-shaped splines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The curve trajectory is an arc shape.
5. The method for processing drum-shaped splines according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the curve trajectory of the gear machining tool when machining the shaft part based on the calculated radial offset includes: The radius of the curve trajectory is calculated based on the calculated radial offset.
6. The method for processing drum-shaped splines according to claim 5, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the radius of the curve trajectory is: In the formula, Let be the radius of the curve trajectory. The height of the shaft-type part. This is the radial offset.
7. A storage medium having a programming program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed, the program can drive the metal cutting machine tool as described in claim 1 to perform the machining of the drum spline on the shaft part.
8. A shaft-type part, characterized in that, The shaft-type part is provided with a drum-shaped spline region along the axial direction, and the drum-shaped spline of the drum-shaped spline region is made by the drum-shaped spline processing method as described in any one of claims 1-6.