Enabling special UE measurement behavior

Abstract

An apparatus configured to perform candidate target cell measurements based at least in part on a first configuration; receiving, from the network node, an indication to perform an activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with the at least one candidate target cell; determining a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to performing an indication of activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state; and using the configuration to measure a reduced set of candidate target cells indicated with the first configuration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Example and non-limiting embodiments relate generally to lower layer triggered mobility (LTM), and more particularly, to early candidate cell transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state activation in an LTM process. Background Art

[0002] As is known, in LTM, cell switching is performed based on information included in an L1 measurement report. Summary of the invention

[0003] The following summary is intended to be illustrative only. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0004] According to one aspect, an apparatus includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: perform candidate target cell measurements based at least in part on a first configuration; receive an indication from a network node to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; determine a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to the indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state; and use the configuration to measure a reduced set of candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration.

[0005] According to one aspect, a method includes: performing candidate target cell measurements using a user equipment at least partially based on a first configuration; receiving an indication from a network node to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; determining a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to the indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state; and using the configuration to measure a reduced set of candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration.

[0006] According to one aspect, an apparatus includes components for: performing candidate target cell measurements based at least in part on a first configuration; receiving an indication from a network node to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; determining a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to the indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state; and using the configuration to measure a reduced set of candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration.

[0007] According to one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium includes program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: performing candidate target cell measurements based at least in part on a first configuration; causing an indication to be received from a network node to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; determining a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to the indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state; and using the configuration to measure a reduced set of candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration.

[0008] According to one aspect, a device includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to at least: send a first configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements to a user equipment; send an indication to the user equipment to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; and receive at least one measurement report from the user equipment, wherein the at least one measurement report includes at least: an indication of at least at least one measurement for a reduced set of candidate target cells using an indication based on the first configuration, wherein the at least one measurement includes: one or more measurements performed using a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to an indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state.

[0009] According to one aspect, a method includes: sending a first configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements to a user equipment; sending, using a network node, an indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell to the user equipment; and receiving at least one measurement report from the user equipment, wherein the at least one measurement report includes at least: an indication of at least at least one measurement for a reduced set of candidate target cells using the first configuration indication, wherein the at least one measurement includes: one or more measurements performed using the configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to an indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state.

[0010] According to one aspect, an apparatus includes components for: sending a first configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements to a user equipment; sending an indication to the user equipment to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; and receiving at least one measurement report from the user equipment, wherein the at least one measurement report includes at least: an indication of at least at least one measurement for a reduced set of candidate target cells using an indication based on the first configuration, wherein the at least one measurement includes: one or more measurements performed using the configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to an indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state.

[0011] According to one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium includes program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: causing a first configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements to be sent to a user equipment; causing an indication to be sent to the user equipment for performing activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; and causing at least one measurement report to be received from the user equipment, wherein the at least one measurement report includes at least: an indication of at least at least one measurement for a reduced set of candidate target cells using an indication based on the first configuration, wherein the at least one measurement includes: one or more measurements performed using a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to an indication of performing activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state.

[0012] According to some aspects, the subject matter of the independent claims is provided. Some further aspects are defined in the dependent claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The above aspects and other features are explained in the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0014] Figure 1 is a block diagram of one possible and non-limiting example system in which example embodiments may be practiced;

[0015] Figure 2 is a flow chart illustrating the steps as described herein;

[0016] Figure 3 is a flow chart illustrating the steps as described herein;

[0017] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating features as described herein;

[0018] Figure 5 is a flow chart illustrating the steps as described herein;

[0019] Figure 6 is a flow chart illustrating the steps as described herein; and

[0020] Figure 7 is a flow chart illustrating the steps as described herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following abbreviations that may be found in the specification and / or drawings are defined as follows:

[0022] 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project

[0023] 5G Fifth Generation

[0024] 5GC 5G Core Network

[0025] AMF Access and Mobility Management Function

[0026] CE control components

[0027] CFRA Contention-free random access

[0028] cRAN Cloud Radio Access Network

[0029] CSI-RS Channel State Information Reference Signal

[0030] CU Central Unit

[0031] DRB Data Radio Bearer

[0032] DU Distributed Unit

[0033] eNB (or eNodeB) Evolved NodeB (e.g. LTE base station)

[0034] EN-DC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity

[0035] en-gNB or En-gNB A node that provides NR user plane and control plane protocol terminals towards UEs and acts as a secondary node in EN-DC E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access, i.e. LTE radio access technology

[0036] gNB (or gNodeB) 5G / NR base station, that is, the node that provides NR user plane and control plane protocol terminals to the UE and is connected to the 5GC via the NG interface I / F Interface

[0038] L1 Layer 1 L2 Layer 2 L3 Layer 3 LTE Long Term Evolution LTM L1 / L2 / lower layer triggered mobility MAC Media Access Control MME Mobility Management Entity ng or NG new generation

[0039] ng-eNB or NG-eNB Next Generation eNB NR New Radio N / W or NW network

[0040] O-RAN Open Radio Access Network PCell Primary Cell

[0041] PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol PHY Physical Layer

[0042] PRACH Physical Random Access Channel Primary cell and secondary cell of PSCell SCG QCL Quasi-Co-location

[0043] RACH Random Access Channel RAN Radio Access Network RAR Random Access Response RF

[0044] RLC Radio Link Control RRC Radio Resource Control RRH Remote Radio Head RRM Radio Resource Management RS reference signal RTD Receive Timing Difference

[0045] RU Radio Unit

[0046] Rx Receiver

[0047] SCell Secondary Cell

[0048] SDAP Service Data Adaptation Protocol

[0049] SGW Service Gateway

[0050] SMF session management functions

[0051] SNR Signal to Noise Ratio

[0052] SSB Synchronous Signal Block

[0053] TA Timing Advance

[0054] TCI Transmission Configuration Indicator

[0055] Tx Transmitter

[0056] UE User Equipment (e.g., wireless, typically mobile device)

[0057] UPF User Plane Function

[0058] VNR Virtualized Network Function

[0059] Go to Figure 1, which shows a block diagram of one possible and non-limiting example in which the example may be practiced. A user equipment (UE) 110, a radio access network (RAN) node 170, and (multiple) network elements 190 are illustrated. Figure 1 In the example of FIG. 1 , a user equipment (UE) 110 wirelessly communicates with a wireless network 100. A UE is a wireless device that can access the wireless network 100. The UE 110 includes one or more processors 120, one or more memories 125, and one or more transceivers 130, which are interconnected by one or more buses 127. Each of the one or more transceivers 130 includes a receiver Rx 132 and a transmitter Tx 133. The one or more buses 127 can be address, data, or control buses, and can include any interconnection mechanism, such as a series of lines on a motherboard or integrated circuit, optical fiber or other optical communication devices, etc. A "circuit" can include dedicated hardware or hardware associated with software executable thereon. The one or more transceivers 130 are connected to one or more antennas 128. The one or more memories 125 include computer program code 123. The UE 110 includes a module 140, which includes one or both of the parts 140-1 and / or 140-2, which can be implemented in a variety of ways. Module 140 may be implemented in hardware as module 140-1, for example, as part of one or more processors 120. Module 140-1 may also be implemented as an integrated circuit or by other hardware (such as a programmable gate array). In another example, module 140 may be implemented as module 140-2, which is implemented as computer program code 123 and executed by one or more processors 120. For example, one or more memories 125 and computer program code 123 may be configured to, together with one or more processors 120, cause user equipment 110 to perform one or more operations as described herein. UE 110 communicates with RAN node 170 via wireless link 111.

[0060] The RAN node 170 in this example is a base station that provides access to the wireless network 100 by a wireless device, such as a UE 110. The RAN node 170 may be, for example, a base station of 5G, also referred to as New Radio (NR). In 5G, the RAN node 170 may be a NG-RAN node, which is defined as a gNB or ng-eNB. A gNB is a node that provides NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations toward a UE, and is connected to a 5GC (such as, for example, network element(s) 190) via an NG interface. An ng-eNB is a node that provides E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminations toward a UE, and is connected to a 5GC via an NG interface. An NG-RAN node may include multiple gNBs, which may also include a central unit (CU) (gNB-CU) 196 and (multiple) distributed units (DU) (gNB-DU), of which DU 195 is shown. Note that a DU may include or be coupled to and control a radio unit (RU). The gNB-CU is a logical node that hosts the RRC, SDAP, and PDCP protocols of the gNB or the RRC and PDCP protocols of the en-gNB, and controls the operation of one or more gNB-DUs. The gNB-CU terminates the F1 interface connected to the gNB-DU. The F1 interface is illustrated as reference numeral 198, although reference numeral 198 also illustrates the link between the remote elements of the RAN node 170 and the centralized elements of the RAN node 170, such as the link between the gNB-CU 196 and the gNB-DU 195. The gNB-DU is a logical node that hosts the RLC, MAC, and PHY layers of the gNB or en-gNB, and its operation is partially controlled by the gNB-CU. One gNB-CU supports one or more cells. One cell is supported by only one gNB-DU. The gNB-DU terminates the F1 interface 198 connected to the gNB-CU. Note that DU 195 is considered to include transceiver 160, e.g., as part of a RU, but some examples herein may have transceiver 160 as part of a separate RU, e.g., controlled by and connected to DU 195. RAN node 170 may also be an eNB (evolved NodeB) base station for LTE (Long Term Evolution), or any other suitable base station, access point, access node, or node.

[0061] The RAN node 170 includes one or more processors 152, one or more memories 155, one or more network interfaces ((multiple) N / WI / F) 161, and one or more transceivers 160 interconnected by one or more buses 157. Each of the one or more transceivers 160 includes a receiver Rx 162 and a transmitter Tx 163. The one or more transceivers 160 are connected to one or more antennas 158. The one or more memories 155 include computer program code 153. The CU 196 may include (multiple) processors 152, memories 155, and network interfaces 161. Note that the DU 195 may also contain its own memory / memories and (multiple) processors and / or other hardware, but these are not shown.

[0062] The RAN node 170 includes a module 150, which includes one or both of the parts 150-1 and / or 150-2, which can be implemented in a variety of ways. The module 150 can be implemented in hardware as the module 150-1, such as being implemented as part of one or more processors 152. The module 150-1 can also be implemented as an integrated circuit or by other hardware (such as a programmable gate array). In another example, the module 150 can be implemented as a module 150-2, which is implemented as a computer program code 153 and executed by one or more processors 152. For example, one or more memories 155 and the computer program code 153 are configured to, together with the one or more processors 152, cause the RAN node 170 to perform one or more operations as described herein. Note that the functionality of the module 150 can be distributed, such as being distributed between the DU 195 and the CU 196, or implemented only in the DU 195.

[0063] One or more network interfaces 161 communicate over a network, such as via links 176 and 131. Two or more gNBs 170 may communicate using, for example, link 176. Link 176 may be wired or wireless or both, and may implement, for example, an Xn interface for 5G, an X2 interface for LTE, or other suitable interfaces for other standards.

[0064] The one or more buses 157 may be address, data, or control buses, and may include any interconnection mechanism, such as a series of wires on a motherboard or integrated circuit, optical fiber or other optical communication device, wireless channel, etc. For example, the one or more transceivers 160 may be implemented as a remote radio head (RRH) 195 of LTE or a distributed unit (DU) 195 of a gNB implementation of 5G, where other elements of the RAN node 170 may be physically located in a different location from the RRH / DU, and the one or more buses 157 may be partially implemented as, for example, optical fiber cables or other suitable network connections to connect other elements of the RAN node 170 (e.g., central unit (CU), gNB-CU) to the RRH / DU 195. Reference numeral 198 also indicates those suitable network links (multiple).

[0065] It should be noted that the description herein indicates that a "cell" performs functions, but it should be clear that the equipment that forms the cell will perform these functions. The cell constitutes part of the base station. That is, each base station can have multiple cells. For example, for a single carrier frequency and associated bandwidth, there can be three cells, each covering one-third of a 360-degree area, so that the coverage area of ​​a single base station covers an approximate ellipse or circle. In addition, each cell can correspond to a single carrier, and a base station can use multiple carriers. Therefore, if there are three 120-degree cells per carrier and there are two carriers, the base station has a total of 6 cells.

[0066] The wireless network 100 may include one or more network elements 190, which may include core network functions and which provide connectivity to another network, such as a telephone network and / or a data communication network (e.g., the Internet), via one or more links 181. Such core network functions for 5G may include access and mobility management functions (AMFs) and / or user plane functions (UPFs) and / or session management functions (SMFs). Such core network functions for LTE may include MME (mobility management entity) / SGW (serving gateway) functions. These are merely illustrative functions that may be supported by the network element (s) 190, and note that both 5G and LTE functions may be supported. The RAN node 170 is coupled to the network element 190 via a link 131. The link 131 may be implemented, for example, as an NG interface for 5G, or an S1 interface for LTE, or other suitable interfaces for other standards. The network element 190 includes one or more processors 175, one or more memories 171, and one or more network interfaces ((multiple) N / WI / F) 180, which are interconnected by one or more buses 185. The one or more memories 171 include computer program code 173. The one or more memories 171 and the computer program code 173 are configured to, together with the one or more processors 175, cause the network element 190 to perform one or more operations.

[0067] The wireless network 100 can implement network virtualization, which is the process of combining hardware and software network resources and network functions into a single software-based management entity (i.e., a virtual network). Network virtualization involves platform virtualization, usually combined with resource virtualization. Network virtualization is classified as external network virtualization or internal network virtualization, where external network virtualization combines many networks or parts of networks into virtual units, and internal network virtualization provides network-like functions for software containers on a single system. For example, a network can be deployed in a telecommunications cloud, where virtualized network functions (VNFs) run on, for example, data center servers. For example, network core functions and / or (multiple) radio access networks (e.g., CloudRAN, O-RAN, edge cloud) can be virtualized. Note that the virtualized entities resulting from network virtualization are still implemented to some extent using hardware (such as processors 152 or 175 and memories 155 and 171), and such virtualized entities also produce technical effects.

[0068] It may also be noted that the operations of the example embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed by multiple cooperating devices (eg, cRAN).

[0069] Computer readable memories 125, 155, and 171 may be of any type suitable for the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, flash memory, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory, and removable memory. Computer readable memories 125, 155, and 171 may be components for performing storage functions. Processors 120, 152, and 175 may be of any type suitable for the local technical environment and may include, as non-limiting examples, one or more of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), and a processor based on a multi-core processor architecture. Processors 120, 152, and 175 may be components for performing functions, such as controlling UE 110, RAN node 170, and other functions as described herein.

[0070] In general, various example embodiments of user device 110 may include, but are not limited to, cellular telephones such as smart phones, tablet computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs) with wireless communication capabilities, portable computers with wireless communication capabilities, image capture devices such as digital cameras with wireless communication capabilities, gaming devices with wireless communication capabilities, music storage and playback devices with wireless communication capabilities, Internet devices that allow wireless Internet access and browsing, tablet computers with wireless communication capabilities, and portable units or terminals that incorporate combinations of these functionalities.

[0071] Having thus introduced a suitable but non-limiting technical background for practicing example embodiments of the present disclosure, the example embodiments will now be described with greater specificity.

[0072] Features as described herein may generally relate to L1 / L2 triggered mobility (LTM). LTM is a cell switching procedure in which the serving cell (primary cell (PCell) or primary secondary cell (PSCell)) of a UE is switched by the network by sending an LTM cell switching command. LTM cell switching decisions may be based on L1 measurements performed and reported by the UE based on an LTM candidate cell configuration provided by the network for one or more LTM candidate cells, which may be neighboring cells, or may be one of the UE's current serving cells (e.g., a secondary cell (SCell)).

[0073] Before cell switching, the network may optionally activate (multiple) transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states of one or more candidate cells, and the UE may track the timing of (multiple) TCI states activated before cell switching. The UE may also perform early DL and UL synchronization before cell switching.

[0074] It is expected that a cell handover may occur shortly after the early candidate cell TCI state is activated. The time between the early TCI state activation and the LTM cell handover command can be considered as a period of time when measuring and reporting all candidate cells will not help the network LTM cell handover decision.

[0075] TCI activation may be costly, e.g. in terms of time and energy consumption, as it requires the UE to track the associated DL RS (SSB or TRS) to acquire and maintain time / frequency synchronization. Activation may be done only for a specific set of RS associated with one or more potential candidate cells. This may be determined based on the LTM L1 report from the UE.

[0076] exist Figure 2 An example of the LTM procedure based on a change request for RAN2 running TS 38.300 is shown in the signaling diagram in .

[0077] During the LTM preparation phase 205, at 210, the UE may be in RRC_CONNECTED mode. At 215, the UE may send a measurement report (e.g., a MeasurementReport message) to the gNB. At 220, the gNB may perform LTM candidate preparation. In other words, the gNB may decide to configure LTM and initiate (multiple) candidate cell preparation. At 225, the gNB may send an RRC reconfiguration message (e.g., LTM candidate configuration) to the UE. The RRCReconfiguration message may include an LTM candidate cell configuration for one or more candidate cells. The UE may store the LTM candidate cell configuration. At 230, the UE may send an RRC reconfiguration completion message (e.g., an RRCReconfigurationComplete message) to the gNB.

[0078] During the early synchronization phase 235, at 240, the UE may perform DL synchronization with one or more candidate cells (e.g., prior to receiving a cell handover command). DL synchronization of the candidate cell(s) prior to the cell handover command may be supported based at least on a synchronization signal block (SSB). The UE may perform early timing advance (TA) acquisition with the candidate cell(s) requested by the network prior to receiving the cell handover command. This may be accomplished via a contention-free random access (CFRA) triggered by a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) command from the source cell, after which the UE may send a preamble to the indicated candidate cell. To minimize data interruption to the source cell due to the CFRA towards the candidate cell(s), the UE may not receive a random access response (RAR) for the purpose of TA value acquisition and may indicate the TA value of the candidate cell in the cell handover command. The UE may not maintain a TA timer for the candidate cell and may rely on network implementation to ensure TA validity. At 245, the UE and the gNB may perform UL synchronization with one or more candidate cells.

[0079] During the LTM execution phase 250, at 255, the UE may perform L1 measurements on the configured candidate cell(s) and may send a lower layer measurement report (e.g., an L1 measurement report) to the gNB. The L1 measurements may be performed whenever the RRC reconfiguration at 225 is applicable. At 260, the gNB may make an LTM decision. The gNB may decide to perform a cell handover to a target cell. At 265, the gNB may send a cell handover command (e.g., a media access control (MAC) control element (CE)) to the UE. The MAC CE may trigger a cell handover by including a candidate configuration index for the target cell. The UE may switch to the target cell and apply the configuration indicated by the candidate configuration index. At 270, the UE may detach from the source cell and apply the target configuration(s). At 275, if the UE does not have a valid TA for the target cell, the UE and the gNB may perform a random access channel (RACH) procedure, e.g., towards the target cell.

[0080] During the LTM completion phase 280, at 285, the UE and the gNB may perform LTM completion. The UE may complete the LTM cell switching procedure by, for example, sending an RRCReconfigurationComplete message to the target cell. If the UE has performed the RA procedure at 275, the UE may consider the LTM execution to be successfully completed when the random access procedure is successfully completed. For LTM without RACH, the UE may consider the LTM execution to be successfully completed when the UE determines that the network has successfully received its first UL data. The UE may determine the successful reception of its first UL data by receiving a PDCCH addressed to the UE's C-RNTI in the target cell, which may schedule a new transmission after the first UL data.

[0081] It can be assumed that an RRCReconfigurationComplete message is sent each time an LTM is executed.

[0082] The early synchronization phase 235 , the LTM execution phase 250 , and the LTM completion phase 280 may be performed multiple times for subsequent LTM cell handovers using the LTM candidate cell configuration(s) provided in 225 .

[0083] As for U-plane processing, in LTM, the UE can perform a MAC reset. Whether the UE performs radio link control (RLC) reestablishment and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) data recovery during cell handover can be explicitly controlled by the network through RRC signaling. The PDCP data recovery procedure can be applied to RLC AM data radio bearers (DRBs) for distributed unit (DU) LTM cell handover.

[0084] For UE processing, it can be assumed that after receiving a cell handover command, the following (non-exhaustive) is performed: MAC / RLC reset (when configured); radio frequency (RF) retuning (e.g., required between frequencies); and / or baseband retuning.

[0085] A unified TCI state framework is used in LTM. The LTM cell handover command indicates the TCI state of the target cell for the UE. TCI state activation for LTM candidate cells may be performed prior to cell handover using separate MAC-CEs for one or more joint and / or separate DL and UL TCI states. This early TCI state activation may be performed for one or more candidate cells. If not performed prior to cell handover, the cell handover command may be activated and indicate the target TCI state. Figure 3 The example process shown in FIG. 3 is based on RAN2 running CR 38.300. Figure 3 The early TCI activation (steps 340, 350) in Figure 2Between steps 255 and 265.

[0086] At 310, the UE may be in RRC_CONNECTED mode and / or CM-CONNECTED mode. At 320, the gNB (cell A) may send an RRCReconfiguration message to the UE, which may include a list of TCI states for cell B. The gNB to which cell A belongs may provide the TA acquisition configuration to the UE within the RRCReconfiguration message. The TA acquisition configuration may include all RRC configuration information required to send a random access preamble to cell B so that the gNB to which cell B belongs can calculate the TA value to be used by the UE (for example, in the case of performing an LTM cell handover procedure to cell B). The TA acquisition configuration may include information of one or more cells for which the TA acquisition procedure may be performed by the UE. At 330, the UE may send an RRCReconfigurationComplete message to the gNB (cell A). At 340, the gNB (cell A) may send an early TCI state activation MAC CE to the UE, which may indicate the TCI state(s) of cell B. At 350, the UE may activate the TCI state(s) of cell B. At 360, the gNB (cell A) may send the TCI status to the UE, for example indicating cell B as the target cell in a cell handover command.

[0087] When a TCI state is activated for a candidate cell, the UE may be expected to keep track of the timing of the activated TCI state.

[0088] Features as described herein may generally relate to LTM measurements. The UE may be configured to perform L1 measurements on configured LTM candidate cells and report the L1 measurements to the network for LTM cell handover decision purposes. The candidate cells may be current serving cells and / or neighboring cells. When the UE receives an LTM candidate cell configuration from the network, the UE may be configured to perform L3 measurements on these cells along with the LTM L1 measurements. The L3 measurements may have been started before the LTM candidate cell configuration was sent, and it may be assumed that the UE continues to perform these measurements while performing the LTM L1 measurements.

[0089] Conventional L3 measurements may be independent of LTM configuration, as L3 measurements may be considered as a basis for determining appropriate LTM (re)configuration (e.g., which cells are candidate cells for LTM). Typically, L3 measurements may include a larger set of cells / RSs than LTM L1 measurements.

[0090] LTM cell handover decisions are performed based on L1 measurements as defined by RAN1, but Rel-18 RAN4 has discussed the option of performing LTM handover based on L3 measurements reported in L1 measurement reports (see e.g. solution R4-2314453, RAN4 #108 meeting). This is because the UE may have a limit on the number of neighboring cells it can perform L1 measurements on, and thus the UE may only be able to perform L1 measurements on a subset of candidate cells, which may limit candidate cell selection to these cells. It may be assumed that L3 measurements are run together with L1 measurements on LTM candidate cells.

[0091] L1 measurement reports are sent to the distributed unit (DU), while L3 measurement reports are sent to the centralized unit (CU). The LTM cell handover decision is made by the DU. Therefore, in order to be able to use L3 measurements for LTM target cell selection by the DU, it has been proposed in RAN4 that the UE can include L3 measurements in the L1 measurement report to enable the L3 measurements to be reported to the DU, and thus enable the target cell selection by the DU based on the L3 measurements.

[0092] Reference now Figure 4 , showing an example of DU and CU in NR,RAN architecture. 5GC (405) can be connected to NG-RAN (415) via NG interface (410, 430). NG-RAN (415) can include multiple gNBs (420, 435), which can be connected via Xn-C interface (425). gNB (435) can include: gNB-CU (440), and one or more gNB-DU (450) connected via (multiple) F1 interface (445). The latest protocol for L3 measurement in L1 measurement report is as follows:

[0093] “…2.2 Sub-topic 2-2 Whether to use L3 measurement results in L1 measurement reports Question 2-2-1: Whether to use the final L3 measurement results in L1 measurement reports

[0094] <Protocol>: Introduce optional UE support to use L3 measurement results for intra-frequency and inter-frequency L1 measurement reporting.

[0095] Note: If all details and CR are not finalized in RAN4#109, the technical solution will be removed from the WI scope. If there is an impact on RAN1 / 2, the technical solution will be removed from the WI scope.

[0096] Option 1:

[0097] UE Capabilities

[0098] Introducing UE capability to use L3 measurement results for intra-frequency and inter-frequency L1 measurement reporting.

[0099] If the number of cells to be measured exceeds the L1-based LTM measurement capability, the UE is allowed to perform L3 measurements and report them in the L1 reporting format measurements.

[0100] A UE supporting L3 measurements in the L1 measurement format capability shall also support the baseline L1 measurement capability.

[0101] Measurement Report

[0102] UE reports based on L1 measurement configuration.

[0103] Measurement report mapping: Since L3 measurements in L1 measurement reports are supported, no changes are required to Table 10.1.6.1-1.

[0104] At least in rel-18, L3 and L1 measurements are not included in the same report

[0105] Require

[0106] Follow L3 measurement requirements where applicable

[0107] RAN4 discussed accuracy requirements during the performance section.

[0108] For UEs capable of reporting L3 measurements in L1 reports, the number of frequency layers to be measured for neighboring cells follows the same requirements as for L3 measurements.

[0109] As a baseline: Intra-frequency in clause 9.2, inter-frequency TCI state activation in clause 9.3 is based on L3 measurements reported in L1 measurement reports.

[0110] In FR1, if the L1-RSRP measurement period is 160ms, the UE does not need additional SSBs to meet the transmission timing requirements of PRACH on neighboring cells.

[0111] For FR2, the UE may need additional SSBs to meet the transmission timing requirements for PRACH on neighboring cells.

[0112] Similar to the baseline framework, the L1 measurement format derived from L3 measurements is reported in UCI. The same number of M and L applies. RAN4 will specify RRM requirements for the following cases

[0113] Supports RTD between cells that is less than or greater than CP scenarios.

[0114] The Rx SNR (ie, side conditions) is lower than -3dB but higher than -6dB.

[0115] FFS of the cell handover delay component.

[0116] For FR1 and FR2, whether the UE needs additional SSBs to acquire timing (if TCI state is activated) is FFS.

[0117] Supports known and unknown cells..."

[0118] In view of the above, the UE may report at least one of the following to the network for each LTM candidate cell:

[0119] -L1 measurement results in L1 measurement report (reported to DU)

[0120] -L3 measurement results in L1 measurement report (reported to DU, not yet standardized)

[0121] -L3 measurement results in L3 measurement report (reported to CU)

[0122] Optionally, the UE may not send a measurement report.

[0123] Regarding the number of cells that the UE needs to measure (eg L1 measurement), RAN4 has not yet reached a consensus, but the number may be, for example, 1 to 3 neighboring cells.

[0124] Measurements, especially L1 measurements on neighboring cells, are time consuming and energy consuming, and it would therefore be preferred that, from the UE's perspective, the UE does not need to perform these measurements when they are not needed (e.g. when the UE is handed over to another cell than the one on which it has already performed measurements).

[0125] The purpose of early candidate cell TCI state activation in the LTM process (i.e., TCI activation before sending a cell handover command to the UE) is to prepare the UE for LTM cell handover and enable shorter interruptions at cell handover, which in this case does not necessarily need to involve time tracking for the target TCI state. It is expected that cell handover will occur within a short time frame after early candidate cell TCI state activation, and in some cases the network may only perform early activation on candidate cells that it considers to be possible target cells. Therefore, the time period between early TCI state activation and the LTM cell handover command can be regarded as a period when measuring and reporting all candidate cells may not benefit the network LTM cell handover decision.

[0126] A technical effect of example embodiments of the present disclosure may be to optimize UE measurements when the UE is performing early TCI activation.

[0127] In an example embodiment, a special UE measurement behavior may be defined. The special UE measurement behavior may be applicable after early candidate cell TCI state activation and may be different from the UE measurement behavior after receiving LTM candidate cell configuration.

[0128] In an example embodiment, when the UE receives a MAC-CE (or multiple MAC-CEs) from the network that activates one or more TCI states of one or more LTM candidate cells, the UE may be allowed to continue or start L1 measurement and reporting (or L3 measurement reporting in L1 measurement reporting) for the LTM candidate cells / RSs with the activated (multiple) TCI states. In an example embodiment, when the UE receives a MAC-CE (or multiple MAC-CEs) from the network that activates one or more TCI states of one or more LTM candidate cells, the UE may be allowed to relax or stop measurement of other configured LTM candidate cells / RSs.

[0129] In the present disclosure, "relaxed" measurement may mean that the UE may not need to perform some of the measurements (L1) on these cells, but may only need to perform other measurements (L3) on these cells. Alternatively, "relaxed" measurement may mean that the UE does not need to perform measurements on these cells so frequently (i.e., frequency / periodicity), which may increase the measurement period / delay of the candidate cells.

[0130] In an example embodiment, at early TCI activation, the number of L1 measurements and measurement reports may be reduced to LTM candidate cells in activated TCI state, which may be evaluated by the network as potential candidate cells. A technical effect of example embodiments of the present disclosure may be to reduce UE power consumption.

[0131] In an example embodiment, the special UE measurement behavior may be defined in the standard, or it may be configured by the network. For the latter case, the relevant network signaling for enabling, disabling or defining the UE measurement behavior may be included in the LTM measurement configuration and / or early TCI state activation MAC-CE.

[0132] The special UE measurement behavior starting from the early TCI state activation of (multiple) LTM candidate cells can be controlled by a timer, or it can continue until the UE receives an LTM cell switching command, a new early LTM candidate cell TCI state activation command, or a new LTM candidate cell configuration before or after cell switching.

[0133] In an example embodiment (option 1), when the UE receives a MAC-CE from the network activating one or more candidate cell TCI states of an LTM candidate cell, the UE may continue or initiate L1 measurement only for (multiple) LTM candidate cells with one or more TCI states activated (thus, added to the candidate cell TCI state active list). For example, for each of the configured / activated L1 channel state information (CSI) reporting configurations, the UE may only consider the RS (e.g., synchronization signal block (SSB) and / or channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)) of the candidate cell in the associated resource set / configuration for L1 measurement and reporting with at least one TCI state activated. In another example, for each of the configured / activated L1 CSI reporting configurations, after the candidate cell TCI of the candidate cell is activated, the UE may only consider the RS (SSB / CSI-RS) in the associated resource set / configuration for L1 measurement and reporting associated with the activated TCI state (e.g., the RS is configured as a direct / indirect quasi-co-located (QCL) reference signal of the TCI state). For cells for which the UE has determined not to perform L1 measurements due to the activated TCI state, the UE may (continue to) perform L3 measurements.

[0134] In an alternative example embodiment (Option 2), when the UE receives a MAC-CE from the network activating one or more candidate cell TCI states for an LTM candidate cell, the UE may continue or initiate L1 and / or L3 measurements only on the LTM candidate cells for which the one or more TCI states are activated (and therefore, in the candidate cell active TCI state list), as in Option 1, but the UE may not be required to measure other LTM candidate cells.

[0135] In an example embodiment, if L3 measurements in the L1 measurement report are supported by the UE, the UE may perform and report L3 measurements in the L1 measurement report on one or more candidate cells until a candidate cell TCI state activation command for the (multiple) candidate cells is received. After this (when the candidate cell TCI state is activated), the UE may (option 3) continue to report L3 measurements in the L1 measurement report on (multiple) cells and / or RSs (SSB / CSI-RS) for which one or more TCI states are activated. For other LTM candidate cells and / or RSs, the UE may continue to perform L3 measurements and report them in the L3 measurement report. In addition or alternatively, for other LTM candidate cells and / or RSs, the UE may not measure other candidate cells and / or RSs.

[0136] In an example embodiment (option 4), the UE may start performing L1 measurements on (multiple) cells and / or RS (SSB / CSI-RS) for which one or more candidate cell TCI states are activated. For other LTM candidate cells and / or RS (SSB / CSI-RS), the UE may continue to perform L3 measurements and report them in the L1 or L3 measurement report. Additionally or alternatively, for other LTM candidate cells and / or RS, the UE may continue to report L3 measurements in the L3 measurement report. Additionally or alternatively, for other LTM candidate cells and / or RS, the UE may not measure other candidate cells and / or RS (SSB / CSI-RS).

[0137] In an example embodiment, if the network activates TCI state for more than one candidate cell using a separate MAC-CE, all the above options may only apply to one or at most X candidate cells that completed TCI state activation last. In other words, the UE may only continue to perform L1 measurements on X≥1 candidate cells with the latest TCI state activation MAC-CE, and relax / skip measurements on other candidate cells.

[0138] In an example embodiment, the behavior defined above for the UE may continue until one or more of the following occurs: the UE receives an LTM cell switching command; a predefined or network-indicated time has passed since the TCI state was activated and the UE has not received a cell switching command; the UE receives another TCI state activation command; and / or the network reconfigures the LTM candidate cells using a new LTM candidate cell configuration (including or excluding the (multiple) candidate cells currently being measured).

[0139] In an example embodiment, the behavior defined above in all given options may continue even after a cell handover (i.e., the UE moves to a new serving cell) until a new LTM configuration is given to the UE. This is when the TCI state activated before the cell handover is maintained even after the cell handover.

[0140] In an example embodiment, measurements for specific candidate cells may also be determined based on the TA acquisition state of the cell; this may be applied independently of or in conjunction with measurement behavior based on TCI state activation (e.g., other example embodiments of the present disclosure). In other words, down-selection of cells on which (L1) measurements are performed may be based on TA acquisition state or TCI state activation or both. In the example, for cells on which the UE has already performed at least one physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission (i.e., LTM PRACH), the UE may continue to perform L1-RSRP measurements on these target cells. If the UE receives at least one new TCI state activation, PRACH-based measurement reduction may not be applied (e.g., until a new PRACH is sent).

[0141] In an example embodiment, if, prior to the PDCCH command, no earlier TCI state was activated, the PDCCH command may be used as a trigger for measurement down-selection in a similar manner as the TCI state activation command (e.g., the UE may continue to perform (L1) measurements only on the cells considered by the PDCCH command). If, prior to the PDCCH command, one or more TCI states were already activated for one or more candidate cells, the PDCCH command may be used as a further down-selection for (L1) measurements.

[0142] In an example embodiment, if the PDCCH command is followed by another TCI state activation command, this may override the down-selection based on the PDCCH command and the UE may continue to make (L1) measurements on cells with active TCI state. This cycle may continue as long as defined in the options that will stop the special measurement behavior (i.e. until a trigger occurs to stop the down-selection of the cell to perform the measurements).

[0143] It may be noted that when one or more TCI states are activated for multiple LTM candidate cells, special UE measurement behavior may be applied to the LTM candidate cells and / or RS (SSB / CSI-RS) for which one or more TCI states are currently activated, regardless of how the TCI state activation for the multiple cells occurs (i.e., using separate or common MAC-CEs), and regardless of whether each MAC-CE of an earlier TCI state activation is applied on top of or overlays the previous MAC-CE(s).

[0144] In an example embodiment, the special UE measurement behavior may be predefined in the standard. Additionally or alternatively, the network may define the expected UE measurement behavior, for example in the LTM candidate cell configuration or another network message sent to the UE. Additionally or alternatively, the network may dynamically enable / disable the predefined UE measurement behavior after TCI state activation, for example in the LTM candidate cell configuration or the early TCI state activation command.

[0145] In an example embodiment, the UE measurement behavior may be configured for each candidate cell.In another example embodiment, for a candidate cell, TCI state(s) specific UE measurement behaviors may be configured.

[0146] In an example embodiment, the UE may be configured to perform candidate target cell measurements (which may be referred to as a first configuration). The measurements may be based (at least in part) on the first configuration. The UE may receive an indication from a network node to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell. The UE may determine, or the UE may be configured to determine a second configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to an indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state. The second configuration may cause the UE to measure a set of candidate target cells based on the first configuration and / or at least one indicated transmission configuration indicator state. In one example, the UE may determine at least one candidate cell for measurement based on activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state (which may be, for example, a second configuration). In one example, the set of candidate cells (for the second configuration) may be a set or a subset or a reduced (sub) set of cells configured in the first configuration. The set of candidate target cells may be based at least in part on an indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state. In another example, the UE may perform at least one measurement for a set of candidate target cells based at least in part on the second configuration.

[0147] Reference now Figure 5 , illustrates an example of UE measurement behavior in the LTM process based on the activation of the candidate cell TCI state (e.g., option 2). Figure 5 In the example of , an example of normal UE measurement behavior is illustrated at 522 and 536. Figure 5 In the example of , an example of UE measurement behavior based on the relaxation of option 2 after early TCI state activation is illustrated at 530 and 544. Figure 5 In the example of , an example of the network enabling / disabling / defining UE measurement behavior after TCI state activation is illustrated at 510 and 528.

[0148] During the preparation phase (502), at 504, the UE may be in RRC_CONNECTED mode. At 506, the UE may send an L3 measurement report to the source gNB. At 508, the source gNB may perform LTM candidate preparation. At 510, the source gNB may send an LTM candidate cell configuration to the UE, which provides measurement and reporting configuration for candidate cells 1-8 with associated TCI state configuration. Optionally, the network may define here the UE measurement behavior after TCI state activation, or enable / disable predefined / special UE measurement behavior after TCI state activation. The configuration may be provided as an RRC reconfiguration message. At 512, the UE may send an RRC reconfiguration complete message to the source gNB.

[0149] During the LTM execution phase (520), the UE may alternatively perform according to 522, 530, 536, or 544; the UE does not have to perform according to these options in this order, nor does the UE have to perform according to all of these options in a given scenario. For example, the UE may not perform any down-selection of cells on which to perform measurements; in other words, the UE may only perform according to 522 (i.e., default measurement behavior). This may occur, for example, if the UE does not receive an early TCI state activation MAC-CE (528).

[0150] At 522, the UE may perform default measurement behavior. For example, the UE may perform measurements based on the LTM candidate cell configuration (and any other measurement configuration that applies), and based on the UE measurement capabilities (here, as an example, the UE is able to perform L1 measurements on 3 cells and L3 measurements on all 8 cells). At 524, the UE may send an L1 measurement report to the source gNB, e.g., with results for cells 1-3 based on the measurements performed. At 526, the UE may send an L3 measurement report to the source gNB, e.g., with results for cells 1-8 based on the measurements performed. At 528, the source gNB may send an Early TCI State Activation MAC-CE for cell 2 to the UE. Optionally, the network may enable / disable special / predefined UE measurement behaviors here, e.g., using a one-bit value of 1 / 0 = enable / disable.

[0151] At 530, the UE may perform measurements based on the measurement behavior defined in Option 2 (i.e., no measurements are performed on candidate cells other than those with at least one active TCI state) or based on predefined or network-indicated behavior. In this example, a timer may be started at the TCI state activation command, and when the timer expires (and there is no cell handover command), the UE may stop the special measurement behavior. At 532, the UE may perform L1 measurements and send an L1 measurement report to the source gNB, e.g., with results for cell 2. At 534, the timer may expire.

[0152] At 536, after the timer has expired, the UE may continue to perform measurements according to the default behavior, which may be the same as at 522. At 538, the UE may send an L1 measurement report to the source gNB, e.g., with results for cells 1-3. At 540, the UE may send an L3 measurement report to the source gNB, e.g., with results for cells 1-8. At 543, the source gNB may send an early TCI state activation MAC-CE for cell 3 to the UE.

[0153] At 544, the UE may perform measurements according to the measurement behavior defined in option 2 or based on a predefined or network-indicated behavior. A timer may also be started at this point. In this example, it is assumed that the special measurement behavior applies only to one cell at a time, which is why the UE only measures and reports cell 3 and not cell 2. However, in another option, the (multiple) TCI states activated earlier for cell 2 may also be considered active after this point, and the UE may continue to perform L1 measurements on both cell 2 and cell 3 without measuring other cells. At 546, the UE may send an L1 measurement report to the source gNB, e.g., with results for cell 3. At 548, the source gNB may determine the LTM decision. At 550, the source gNB may send a cell handover command for cell 3 to the UE, e.g., via a MAC CE. In this example, the cell handover command may be received before the timer expires. At 552, the UE may detach from the source gNB and the target configuration may be applied.

[0154] During the LTM completion phase (560), a RACH procedure may be performed, unless the procedure is RACH-free.

[0155] Figure 6Potential steps of an example method 600 are illustrated. The example method 600 may include: performing candidate target cell measurements based at least in part on a first configuration, 610; receiving an indication from a network node to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell, 620; determining a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to the indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state, 630; and using the configuration to measure a reduced set of candidate target cells indicated with the first configuration, 640. The example method 600 may be performed, for example, using a UE. The reduced set may be a down selection of LTM candidate cells / RSs for which the UE performs measurements. Additionally or alternatively, the reduced set may be a set of LTM candidate cells / RSs determined by the UE in response to enabling of a special UE measurement behavior. Additionally or alternatively, the reduced set may be a set of LTM candidate cells / RSs for which (multiple) TCI states are activated. Additionally or alternatively, the reduced set may be a set of LTM candidate cells / RSs for which (multiple) UE measurements have not been relaxed and / or stopped.

[0156] Figure 7 Potential steps of an example method 700 are illustrated. The example method 700 may include: sending a first configuration to a user equipment for performing measurements of candidate target cells, 710; sending an indication to the user equipment to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell, 720; and receiving at least one measurement report from the user equipment, wherein the at least one measurement report includes at least: an indication of at least at least one measurement for a reduced set of candidate target cells using the first configuration indication, wherein the at least one measurement includes: one or more measurements performed using the configuration for performing measurements of the candidate target cells in response to the indication of performing activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state, 720. The example method 700 may be performed, for example, using a base station, a network node, an eNB, a gNB, etc. The reduced set may be a down selection of LTM candidate cells / RSs for which the UE performs measurements. Additionally or alternatively, the reduced set may be a set of LTM candidate cells / RSs determined by the UE in response to enabling of a special UE measurement behavior. Additionally or alternatively, the reduced set may be a set of LTM candidate cells / RSs for which (multiple) TCI states are activated. Additionally or alternatively, the reduced set may be a set of LTM candidate cells / RSs for which UE(s) measurements have not been relaxed and / or stopped.

[0157] According to an example embodiment, an apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: perform candidate target cell measurements based at least in part on a first configuration; receive an indication from a network node to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; determine a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to the indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state; and use the configuration to measure a reduced set of candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration.

[0158] The example apparatus may be further configured to establish a connection with a network node, wherein the network node may be configured to provide a serving cell to the apparatus.

[0159] The example apparatus may be further configured to, after establishing a connection with the network node, receive the first configuration.

[0160] The example apparatus may also be configured to send at least one measurement report to a network node, the at least one measurement report comprising at least an indication of at least one measurement for at least one candidate target cell in the set of candidate target cells.

[0161] The at least one measurement report may include at least one L1 measurement report.

[0162] The example apparatus may also be configured to receive an indication of a configuration determined via at least one of: a radio resource control reconfiguration message for lower layer triggered mobility, a lower layer triggered mobility configuration, a transmission configuration indicator state activation media access control message, or a one-bit value.

[0163] The configuration may be determined based on performing an indication of activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell.

[0164] The example apparatus may be further configured to send a measurement report to a network node, the measurement report comprising an indication of the candidate target cell measurement based at least in part on the first configuration.

[0165] The example apparatus may be further configured to determine to switch from using the first configuration to using the configuration based at least in part on performing an indication of activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell.

[0166] The example apparatus may also be configured to stop performing measurements on one or more candidate target cells that do not activate a corresponding transmission configuration indicator state, wherein the one or more candidate target cells may include a candidate target cell indicated using the first configuration.

[0167] The example apparatus may be further configured to perform measurements for a first number of candidate target cells, where the first number of candidate target cells may be smaller than the number of candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration.

[0168] The example apparatus may also be configured to: perform L3 measurement on one or more candidate target cells whose corresponding transmission configuration indicator states are not activated, wherein the candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration may include at least: one or more candidate target cells.

[0169] The example apparatus may be further configured to send at least one indication of L3 measurements for one or more candidate target cells to the network node via one of: an L1 measurement report, or an L3 measurement report.

[0170] Using the configuration to measure the reduced set of candidate target cells may include the example apparatus being further configured to perform at least one of: at least one L1 measurement, or at least one L3 measurement.

[0171] The example apparatus may be further configured to start a timer in response to an indication of performing activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state, wherein during a duration of the timer, the configuration of the reduced set of measurement candidate target cells is used.

[0172] The example apparatus may be further configured to, in response to expiration of the timer, perform measurements based at least in part on the first configuration.

[0173] The example apparatus may also be configured to: cease using the configuration to measure the reduced set of candidate target cells in response to at least one of the following: expiration of a predefined time period starting from receiving an indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state, receiving a cell switching command, receiving a radio resource control reconfiguration message, receiving an additional indication to perform activation of one or more transmission configuration indicator states associated with at least one candidate target cell, or receiving a lower layer triggered mobility configuration; and perform measurements based at least in part on the first configuration.

[0174] The number of at least one candidate target cell associated with at least one transmission configuration indicator state may be less than or equal to a predetermined number of candidate target cells associated with a most recently activated transmission configuration indicator state.

[0175] The example apparatus may also be configured to perform one or more measurements on one or more candidate target cells for which the physical downlink control channel command has been received.

[0176] According to one aspect, an example method may be provided, comprising: performing, using a user equipment, measurement of candidate target cells based at least in part on a first configuration; receiving an indication from a network node to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; determining a configuration for performing measurement of the candidate target cells in response to the indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state; and using the configuration to measure a reduced set of candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration.

[0177] The example method may also include establishing a connection with a network node, wherein the network node may be configured to provide a serving cell to the user equipment.

[0178] The example method may also include, after establishing the connection with the network node, receiving the first configuration.

[0179] The example method may also include sending at least one measurement report to the network node, the at least one measurement report including at least an indication of at least one measurement for at least one candidate target cell in the set of candidate target cells.

[0180] The at least one measurement report may include: at least one L1 measurement report.

[0181] The example method may also include receiving an indication of a configuration determined via at least one of: a radio resource control reconfiguration message for lower layer triggered mobility, a lower layer triggered mobility configuration, a transmission configuration indicator state activation medium access control message, or a one-bit value.

[0182] The configuration may be determined based on performing an indication of activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell.

[0183] The example method may also include sending a measurement report to the network node, the measurement report including an indication of the candidate target cell measurement based at least in part on the first configuration.

[0184] The example method may also include determining to switch from using the first configuration to using the configuration based at least in part on performing an indication of activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell.

[0185] The example method may also include ceasing to perform measurements on one or more candidate target cells that do not activate a corresponding transmission configuration indicator state, wherein the one or more candidate target cells may include a candidate target cell indicated using the first configuration.

[0186] The example method may also include performing measurements for a first number of candidate target cells, where the first number of candidate target cells may be less than a number of candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration.

[0187] The example method may further include: performing L3 measurement on one or more candidate target cells for which the corresponding transmission configuration indicator state is not activated, wherein the candidate target cells indicated by the first configuration may include at least: one or more candidate target cells.

[0188] The example method may also include sending at least one indication of L3 measurements for one or more candidate target cells to the network node via one of: an L1 measurement report, or an L3 measurement report.

[0189] Using the configuration to measure the reduced set of candidate target cells may include performing at least one of: at least one L1 measurement or at least one L3 measurement.

[0190] The example method may further include starting a timer in response to performing an indication of activation of the at least one transmission configuration indicator state, wherein during a duration of the timer, at least one measurement of at least the reduced set of candidate target cells may be performed.

[0191] The example method may also include, in response to expiration of the timer, performing measurements based at least in part on the first configuration.

[0192] The example method may also include: ceasing to use the configuration to measure the reduced set of candidate target cells in response to at least one of: expiration of a predefined time period beginning from receiving an indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state, receiving a cell switching command, receiving a radio resource control reconfiguration message, receiving an additional indication to perform activation of one or more transmission configuration indicator states associated with at least one candidate target cell, or receiving a lower layer triggered mobility configuration; and performing measurements based at least in part on the first configuration.

[0193] The number of at least one candidate target cell associated with at least one transmission configuration indicator state may be less than or equal to a predetermined number of candidate target cells associated with a most recently activated transmission configuration indicator state.

[0194] The example method may also include performing one or more measurements on one or more candidate target cells for which the physical downlink control channel order has been received.

[0195] According to an example embodiment, an apparatus may include: a circuit system configured to perform the following: perform candidate target cell measurements based at least in part on a first configuration; a circuit system configured to perform the following: receive an indication from a network node to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; a circuit system configured to perform the following: determine a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to the indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state; and use the configuration to measure a reduced set of candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration.

[0196] According to an example embodiment, an apparatus may include: a processing circuit system; a memory circuit system including computer program code, the memory circuit system and the computer program code being configured to, together with the processing circuit system, enable the apparatus to: perform candidate target cell measurements based at least in part on a first configuration; receive an indication from a network node to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; determine a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to the indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state; and use the configuration to measure a reduced set of candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration.

[0197] As used in this application, the term "circuitry" may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) a hardware circuit implementation only (such as an implementation with analog and / or digital circuitry only) and (b) a combination of hardware circuitry and software, such as (where applicable): (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuitry with software / firmware and (ii) a combination of any portion of a hardware processor(s) with software (including digital signal processor(s), software, and memory(s) that work together to enable a device (such as a mobile phone or server) to perform various functions; and (c) hardware circuitry and or processor(s), such as microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s) that requires software (e.g., firmware) to operate, but the software may not be present when the software is not required for operation. This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of the term in this application, including in any claims. As another example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of a hardware circuit or processor(s) only or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to a particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or a processor integrated circuit for a mobile device, or a similar integrated circuit in a server, cellular network device, or other computing or networking equipment.

[0198] According to an example embodiment, an apparatus may include components for: performing candidate target cell measurements based at least in part on a first configuration; receiving an indication from a network node to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; determining a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to the indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state; and using the configuration to measure a reduced set of candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration.

[0199] The component may also be configured to establish a connection with a network node, wherein the network node may be configured to provide a serving cell to the apparatus.

[0200] The component may also be configured to receive the first configuration after establishing a connection with the network node.

[0201] The component may also be configured to: send at least one measurement report to the network node, the at least one measurement report comprising at least: an indication of at least one measurement for at least one candidate target cell in the set of candidate target cells.

[0202] The at least one measurement report may include at least one L1 measurement report.

[0203] The component may be further configured to receive an indication of determining the configuration via at least one of: a radio resource control reconfiguration message for lower layer triggered mobility, a lower layer triggered mobility configuration, a transmission configuration indicator state activation medium access control message, or a one bit value.

[0204] The configuration may be determined based on performing an indication of activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell.

[0205] The component may also be configured to send a measurement report to the network node, the measurement report comprising an indication of the candidate target cell measurement based at least in part on the first configuration.

[0206] The component may also be configured to determine to switch from using the first configuration to using the configuration based at least in part on an indication of performing activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell.

[0207] The component may also be configured to: stop performing measurements on one or more candidate target cells that do not activate the corresponding transmission configuration indicator state, wherein the one or more candidate target cells may include a candidate target cell indicated using the first configuration.

[0208] The component may also be configured to: perform measurements for a first number of candidate target cells, wherein the first number of candidate target cells may be smaller than the number of candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration.

[0209] The component may also be configured to: perform L3 measurement on one or more candidate target cells, wherein the candidate target cells indicated by the first configuration may at least include: one or more candidate target cells.

[0210] The component may also be configured to: send at least one indication of L3 measurements for one or more candidate target cells to the network node via one of: an L1 measurement report, or an L3 measurement report.

[0211] The means configured to measure the reduced set of candidate target cells using the configuration may include means configured to perform at least one of: at least one L1 measurement, or at least one L3 measurement.

[0212] The component may also be configured to start a timer in response to an indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state, wherein during a duration of the timer, the configuration of the reduced set of measurement candidate target cells is used.

[0213] The component may be further configured to, in response to expiration of the timer, perform measurements based at least in part on the first configuration.

[0214] The component can also be configured to: cease using the configuration to measure the reduced set of candidate target cells in response to at least one of the following: expiration of a predefined time period starting from receiving an indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state, receiving a cell switching command, receiving a radio resource control reconfiguration message, receiving an additional indication to perform activation of one or more transmission configuration indicator states associated with at least one candidate target cell, or receiving a lower layer triggered mobility configuration; and perform measurements based at least in part on the first configuration.

[0215] The number of at least one candidate target cell associated with at least one transmission configuration indicator state may be less than or equal to a predetermined number of candidate target cells associated with a most recently activated transmission configuration indicator state.

[0216] The component may also be configured to perform one or more measurements on one or more candidate target cells for which a physical downlink control channel order has been received.

[0217] A processor, memory, and / or example algorithms (which may be encoded as instructions, programs, or codes) may be provided as example components for providing or causing performance of operations.

[0218] According to an example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium includes instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: perform candidate target cell measurements based at least in part on a first configuration; cause an indication to be received from a network node to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; determine a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to the indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state; and use the configuration to measure a reduced set of candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration.

[0219] According to an example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium includes program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: performing candidate target cell measurements based at least in part on a first configuration; causing an indication to be received from a network node to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; determining a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to the indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state; and using the configuration to measure a reduced set of candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration.

[0220] According to another example embodiment, a machine-readable, non-transitory program storage device may be provided, tangibly embodying machine-executable instructions for performing operations, the operations comprising: performing candidate target cell measurements based at least in part on a first configuration; causing an indication to be received from a network node to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; determining a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to the indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state; and using the configuration to measure a reduced set of candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration.

[0221] According to another example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium includes instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: perform candidate target cell measurements based at least in part on a first configuration; cause an indication to be received from a network node to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; determine a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to the indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state; and use the configuration to measure a reduced set of candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration.

[0222] A computer-implemented system includes: at least one processor and at least one non-volatile memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the system to at least perform: performing candidate target cell measurements based at least in part on a first configuration; causing an indication to be received from a network node to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; determining a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to the indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state; and using the configuration to measure a reduced set of candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration.

[0223] A computer-implemented system includes: a component for performing candidate target cell measurements based at least in part on a first configuration; a component for causing an indication to be received from a network node to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; a component for determining a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to the indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state; and a component for using the configuration to measure a reduced set of candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration.

[0224] According to an example embodiment, an apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: send a first configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements to a user equipment; send an indication to the user equipment to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; and receive at least one measurement report from the user equipment, wherein the at least one measurement report may include at least an indication of at least at least at least one measurement for a reduced set of candidate target cells using an indication based on the first configuration, wherein the at least one measurement may include: one or more measurements performed using a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to an indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state.

[0225] The example apparatus may also be configured to establish a connection with the user equipment, wherein the apparatus may be configured to provide a serving cell to the user equipment.

[0226] The example apparatus may also be configured to, after establishing the connection, send the first configuration to the user equipment.

[0227] The at least one measurement report may include at least one L1 measurement report.

[0228] The example apparatus may also be configured to send to the user equipment an indication of a configuration determined via at least one of: a radio resource control reconfiguration message for lower layer triggered mobility, a lower layer triggered mobility configuration, a transmission configuration indicator state activation media access control message, or a one-bit value.

[0229] The example apparatus may be further configured to receive a measurement report from the user equipment, the measurement report comprising an indication of the candidate target cell measurement based at least in part on the first configuration.

[0230] The measurement report comprising the indication of the candidate target cell measurement based at least in part on the first configuration may comprise an L3 measurement report.

[0231] Performing the indication of activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell may be configured to cause the user equipment to switch from the first configuration to the configuration.

[0232] The example apparatus may also be configured to: receive from a user equipment at least one indication of L3 measurements for one or more candidate target cells whose corresponding transmission configuration indicator state is not activated via one of the following: an L1 measurement report, or an L3 measurement report, wherein the candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration may include at least: one or more cells.

[0233] The at least one measurement for at least the reduced set of candidate target cells may include one of: at least one L1 measurement, or at least one L3 measurement.

[0234] The example apparatus may also be configured to send a timer to the user equipment, during the duration of which the configuration of the reduced set of measurement candidate target cells may be used.

[0235] The number of at least one candidate target cell associated with at least one transmission configuration indicator state may be less than or equal to a predetermined number of candidate target cells associated with a most recently activated transmission configuration indicator state.

[0236] According to one aspect, an example method may be provided, comprising: sending a first configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements to a user equipment; sending, using a network node, an indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell to the user equipment; and receiving at least one measurement report from the user equipment, wherein the at least one measurement report may include at least an indication of at least at least one measurement for a reduced set of at least one candidate target cell using the first configuration indication, wherein the at least one measurement may include: one or more measurements performed using the configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to an indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state.

[0237] The example method may also include establishing a connection with the user equipment, wherein the network node may be configured to provide a serving cell to the user equipment.

[0238] The example method may also include sending the first configuration to the user equipment after establishing the connection.

[0239] The at least one measurement report may include at least one L1 measurement report.

[0240] The example method may also include sending an indication to the user equipment of a configuration determined via at least one of: a radio resource control reconfiguration message for lower layer triggered mobility, a lower layer triggered mobility configuration, a transmission configuration indicator state activation media access control message, or a one-bit value.

[0241] The example method may also include receiving a measurement report from the user equipment, the measurement report including an indication of the candidate target cell measurement based at least in part on the first configuration.

[0242] The measurement report comprising the indication of the candidate target cell measurement based at least in part on the first configuration may comprise an L3 measurement report.

[0243] Performing the indication of activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell may be configured to cause the user equipment to switch from the first configuration to the configuration.

[0244] The example method may also include: receiving at least one indication of L3 measurement for one or more candidate target cells whose corresponding transmission configuration indicator state is not activated from the user equipment via one of the following: L1 measurement report, or L3 measurement report, wherein the candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration may include at least: one or more cells.

[0245] The at least one measurement for at least the reduced set of candidate target cells may include one of: at least one L1 measurement, or at least one L3 measurement.

[0246] The example method may also include sending a timer to the user equipment, during the duration of which the configuration of the reduced set of measurement candidate target cells may be used.

[0247] The number of at least one candidate target cell associated with at least one transmission configuration indicator state may be less than or equal to a predetermined number of candidate target cells associated with a most recently activated transmission configuration indicator state.

[0248] According to an example embodiment, an apparatus may include: a circuit system configured to perform the following: sending a first configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements to a user equipment; a circuit system configured to perform the following: sending an indication to the user equipment of performing activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; and a circuit system configured to perform the following: receiving at least one measurement report from the user equipment, wherein the at least one measurement report may include at least an indication of at least at least at least one measurement for a reduced set of candidate target cells using an indication based on the first configuration, wherein the at least one measurement may include: one or more measurements performed using the configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to an indication of performing activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state.

[0249] According to an example embodiment, an apparatus may include: a processing circuit system; a memory circuit system including computer program code, the memory circuit system and the computer program code being configured to, together with the processing circuit system, enable the apparatus to: send a first configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements to a user equipment; send an indication to the user equipment to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; and receive at least one measurement report from the user equipment, wherein the at least one measurement report may include at least an indication of at least at least at least one measurement for a reduced set of candidate target cells using an indication based on the first configuration, wherein the at least one measurement may include: one or more measurements performed using a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to an indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state.

[0250] According to an example embodiment, an apparatus may include components for: sending a first configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements to a user equipment; sending an indication to the user equipment to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; and receiving at least one measurement report from the user equipment, wherein the at least one measurement report may include at least an indication of at least at least at least one measurement for a reduced set of candidate target cells using the first configuration indication, wherein the at least one measurement may include one or more measurements performed using the configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to an indication of performing activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state.

[0251] The component may also be configured to: establish a connection with a user equipment, wherein the apparatus may be configured to provide a serving cell to the user equipment.

[0252] The component may also be configured to: send the first configuration to the user equipment after the connection is established.

[0253] The at least one measurement report may include at least one L1 measurement report.

[0254] The component may also be configured to send an indication to the user equipment of a configuration determined via at least one of: a radio resource control reconfiguration message for lower layer triggered mobility, a lower layer triggered mobility configuration, a transmission configuration indicator state activation media access control message, or a one-bit value.

[0255] The component may also be configured to receive a measurement report from the user equipment, the measurement report comprising an indication of the candidate target cell measurement based at least in part on the first configuration.

[0256] The measurement report comprising the indication of the candidate target cell measurement based at least in part on the first configuration may comprise an L3 measurement report.

[0257] Performing the indication of activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell may be configured to cause the user equipment to switch from the first configuration to the configuration.

[0258] The component may also be configured to: receive from the user equipment at least one indication of L3 measurement for one or more candidate target cells whose corresponding transmission configuration indicator state is not activated via one of the following: an L1 measurement report, or an L3 measurement report, wherein the candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration may include at least: one or more cells.

[0259] The at least one measurement for at least the reduced set of candidate target cells may include one of: at least one L1 measurement, or at least one L3 measurement.

[0260] The component may also be configured to: send a timer to the user equipment, during the duration of which the configuration of the reduced set of measurement candidate target cells may be used.

[0261] The number of at least one candidate target cell associated with at least one transmission configuration indicator state may be less than or equal to a predetermined number of candidate target cells associated with a most recently activated transmission configuration indicator state.

[0262] According to an example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium includes instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: cause a first configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements to be sent to a user equipment; cause an indication to be sent to the user equipment to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; and cause at least one measurement report to be received from the user equipment, wherein the at least one measurement report may include at least an indication of at least at least at least one measurement for a reduced set of candidate target cells using an indication based on the first configuration, wherein the at least one measurement may include: one or more measurements performed using a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to an indication to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state.

[0263] According to an example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium includes program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: causing a first configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements to be sent to a user equipment; causing an indication to be sent to the user equipment for performing activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; and causing at least one measurement report to be received from the user equipment, wherein the at least one measurement report may include at least an indication of at least at least at least one measurement for a reduced set of candidate target cells using an indication based on the first configuration, wherein the at least one measurement may include: one or more measurements performed using the configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to an indication of performing activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state.

[0264] According to another example embodiment, a machine-readable, non-transitory program storage device may be provided, which tangibly embodies machine-executable instructions for performing operations, the operations including: causing a first configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements to be sent to a user equipment; causing an indication to be sent to the user equipment for performing activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; and causing at least one measurement report to be received from the user equipment, wherein the at least one measurement report may include at least an indication of at least at least at least one measurement for a reduced set of candidate target cells using an indication based on the first configuration, wherein the at least one measurement may include: one or more measurements performed using a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to an indication of performing activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state.

[0265] According to another example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium includes instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: cause a first configuration for performing measurements of candidate target cells to be sent to a user equipment; cause an indication to be sent to the user equipment for performing activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; and cause at least one measurement report to be received from the user equipment, wherein the at least one measurement report may include at least an indication of at least at least at least one measurement for a reduced set of candidate target cells using an indication based on the first configuration, wherein the at least one measurement may include: one or more measurements performed using a configuration for performing measurements of candidate target cells in response to an indication for performing activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state.

[0266] A computer-implemented system comprises: at least one processor and at least one non-volatile memory storing instructions, which instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to at least perform: causing a first configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements to be sent to a user equipment; causing an indication to be sent to the user equipment for performing activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; and causing at least one measurement report to be received from the user equipment, wherein the at least one measurement report may include at least an indication of at least at least at least one measurement for a reduced set of candidate target cells using an indication based on the first configuration, wherein the at least one measurement may include: one or more measurements performed using a configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to an indication for performing activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state.

[0267] A computer-implemented system includes: a component for causing a first configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements to be sent to a user equipment; a component for causing an indication to be sent to the user equipment for performing activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; and a component for receiving at least one measurement report from the user equipment, wherein the at least one measurement report may include at least an indication of at least at least one measurement for a reduced set of candidate target cells using the first configuration indication, wherein the at least one measurement may include: one or more measurements performed using the configuration for performing candidate target cell measurements in response to an indication of performing activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state.

[0268] The term "non-transitory" as used herein is a limitation of the medium itself (ie, tangible, not a signal), not a limitation on data storage persistence (eg, RAM vs. ROM).

[0269] It should be understood that the foregoing description is illustrative only. Those skilled in the art may devise various substitutions and modifications. For example, the features described in each dependent claim may be combined with each other in any suitable (multiple) combination. In addition, the features in the above-mentioned different embodiments may be selectively combined into new embodiments. Therefore, this specification is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A device for communication, comprising: at least one processor; as well as at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: performing candidate target cell measurements based at least in part on the first configuration; receiving an indication from a network node to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; determining a configuration for performing measurements of candidate target cells in response to the indication to perform activation of the at least one transmission configuration indicator state; as well as The configuration is used to measure a reduced set of candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: The first configuration is received after establishing a connection with the network node.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: Receiving an indication that the configuration is determined via at least one of: Radio Resource Control Reconfiguration message for lower layer triggered mobility, Mobility configuration triggered by lower layers, Transmission Configuration Indicator Status Activation Media Access Control message, or One-bit value.

4. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the configuration is determined based on the indication of performing activation of the at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with the at least one candidate target cell.

5. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: Based at least in part on the indication of performing activation of the at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with the at least one candidate target cell, determining to switch from using the first configuration to using the configuration.

6. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: Stop performing measurements on one or more candidate target cells whose corresponding transmission configuration indicator states are not activated, wherein the one or more candidate target cells include the candidate target cell indicated by the first configuration.

7. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: Measurements are performed for a first number of candidate target cells, wherein the first number of candidate target cells is smaller than the number of candidate target cells indicated using the first configuration.

8. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: Performing L3 measurement for one or more candidate target cells for which the corresponding transmission configuration indicator state is not activated, wherein the candidate target cells indicated by the first configuration at least include: The one or more candidate target cells.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: sending at least one indication of the L3 measurements for the one or more candidate target cells to the network node via one of: L1 measurement report, or L3 measurement report.

10. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein using the configuration to measure the reduced set of candidate target cells comprises: The at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: Do at least one of the following: At least one L1 measurement, or At least one L3 measurement.

11. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: A timer is started in response to the indication to perform activation of the at least one transmission configuration indicator state, wherein during the duration of the timer, the configuration of measuring the reduced set of candidate target cells is used.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: In response to expiration of the timer, measurements are performed based at least in part on the first configuration.

13. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: In response to at least one of the following, ceasing to use the configuration to measure the reduced set of candidate target cells: expiry of a predefined time period from receipt of said indication to perform activation of said at least one transmission configuration indicator state, Receive cell switching command, receiving a radio resource control reconfiguration message, receiving a further indication to perform activation of one or more transmission configuration indicator states associated with the at least one candidate target cell, or receiving a lower layer triggered mobility configuration; and Measurements are performed based at least in part on the first configuration.

14. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the number of the at least one candidate target cell associated with the at least one transmission configuration indicator state is less than or equal to a predetermined number of candidate target cells associated with the most recently activated transmission configuration indicator state.

15. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: One or more measurements are performed on one or more candidate target cells for which a physical downlink control channel order has been received.

16. An apparatus for communication, comprising: at least one processor; as well as at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: Sending a first configuration for performing measurement of a candidate target cell to a user equipment; sending an indication to the user equipment to perform activation of at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with at least one candidate target cell; as well as At least one measurement report is received from the user equipment, wherein the at least one measurement report includes at least an indication of at least one measurement for a reduced set of candidate target cells using an indication based on the first configuration, wherein the at least one measurement includes: one or more measurements performed using a configuration for performing measurements of candidate target cells in response to the indication of performing activation of the at least one transmission configuration indicator state.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: Sending to the user equipment an indication of determining the configuration via at least one of the following: Radio Resource Control Reconfiguration message for lower layer triggered mobility, Mobility configuration triggered by lower layers, Transmission Configuration Indicator Status Activation Media Access Control message, or One-bit value.

18. The apparatus according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the indication to perform activation of the at least one transmission configuration indicator state associated with the at least one candidate target cell is configured to cause the user equipment to switch from the first configuration to the configuration.

19. The apparatus of any one of claims 24 to 34, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: Receiving, from the user equipment, at least one indication of L3 measurements for one or more candidate target cells for which a corresponding transmission configuration indicator state is not activated, via one of: L1 measurement report, or L3 measurement report, The candidate target cells indicated by the first configuration include at least: The one or more candidate target cells.

20. The apparatus according to any one of claims 16 to 19, wherein the at least one measurement for at least the reduced set of candidate target cells comprises one of: At least one L1 measurement, or At least one L3 measurement.

21. The apparatus of any one of claims 16 to 20, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: A timer is sent to the user equipment, during the duration of which the configuration for measuring the reduced set of candidate target cells is to be used.

22. An apparatus according to any one of claims 16 to 21, wherein the number of the at least one candidate target cell associated with the at least one transmission configuration indicator state is less than or equal to a predetermined number of candidate target cells associated with the most recently activated transmission configuration indicator state.

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