Full-amount straw rotary burying tillage machine with in-situ spectrum dynamic acquisition function

Abstract

The invention discloses a full-amount straw rotary burying tillage machine with an in-situ spectrum dynamic acquisition function. The invention discloses a full-amount straw rotary-burying cultivator with an in-situ spectrum dynamic acquisition function. The full-amount straw rotary-burying cultivator comprises a rack, a straw crushing device, a pressing device, a uniform rotary-burying device, a land leveling device and a comprehensive monitoring device, wherein the straw crushing device, the pressing device, the uniform rotary-burying device and the land leveling device are connected with the rack and are sequentially distributed from front to back; the rotation directions of the straw crushing device and the uniform rotary burying device are opposite; the comprehensive monitoring device comprises a main control unit, a plough share, an acquisition box and an optical fiber probe module, the plough share covers the front side of the acquisition box, and the optical fiber probe module is in signal connection with the main control unit. The combined tillage machine integrates straw smashing, rotary burying, ditching and monitoring, can be suitable for dry land straw returning operation, is high in efficiency, and can complete multiple operations such as straw full-amount burying, strong soil smashing, tillage, land leveling, ditching and soil moisture content and nutrient monitoring in one time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a full-straw rotary burying tillage machine with an in-situ spectrum dynamic collection function. Background Art

[0002] With the development of precision agriculture in agricultural modernization, agriculture is driven to develop in a more efficient, intelligent and sustainable direction; the improvement of precision agriculture technology can realize the digitization, intelligence and precision of agricultural production, improve agricultural production efficiency and quality, and promote the process of agricultural modernization.

[0003] my country has many types of crop straw and a large total amount, accounting for 20% to 30% of the global straw resources. The burning of straw in the field is stressful and causes great environmental pollution, which is not conducive to the development of green, ecological and sustainable agriculture. Northeast my country, North China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are rich in straw resources and belong to the key development areas of straw resources in my country. After harvesting in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the field straw stubble is high and the amount of straw is large, but the comprehensive utilization rate of straw is low, mainly in the form of returning straw to the field on the surface and returning straw to the field in mixed burial. Surface return of straw to the field involves throwing straw on the soil surface, which can maintain water and soil, but when the amount of straw is large, if the residual straw is left on the surface, it will not only affect crop sowing, but also cause the straw to decompose slowly, making it difficult to provide sufficient nutrients for crop growth. Mixing straw and soil and burying them together can increase the contact between microorganisms in the soil and straw, which can increase the decomposition rate of straw and the metabolic activity of microbial communities in the soil. In the process of returning straw to the field with traditional rotary tillage machinery, there are serious straw accumulation and entanglement phenomena, poor crushing effect, low coverage rate and uniformity, long decomposition time and poor decomposition effect, which not only affects the tillage effect, but also causes waste of straw resources. This has brought challenges to the research on precise agricultural field straw return and is the focus of the development of straw return machines in my country's high stubble and high-density straw resource areas.

[0004] In summary, the existing straw treatment methods have technical problems such as serious straw accumulation and entanglement, and low burial rate and burial uniformity. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and propose a full-straw rotary burying tillage machine with in-situ spectral dynamic acquisition function to solve the technical problems of serious straw accumulation and entanglement, low burying rate and low burying uniformity in the prior art. It can not only improve the operating effect and efficiency of straw return machines, but also prepare good seed bed conditions for crop sowing and predict crop growth, which is of great significance to promoting the development of precision agriculture.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions: The present application provides a full-scale straw rotary burying tillage machine with an in-situ spectral dynamic acquisition function, including a frame, a straw crushing device, a pressing device, a uniform rotary burying device, a ground leveling device, and a comprehensive monitoring device: frame; A straw crushing device, a pressing device, a uniform rotary burying device, and a ground leveling device are all connected to the frame and are arranged in sequence from front to back, and the rotation direction of the straw crushing device is opposite to that of the uniform rotary burying device; The comprehensive monitoring device includes a main control unit, a plowshare, a collection box and a fiber optic probe module. The plowshare is located behind the leveling device and covers the front side of the collection box. The fiber optic probe module is located inside the collection box and is connected to the main control unit signal for monitoring soil moisture and nutrients.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present application, a grass fence and a suspension device are also included, and the frame includes a plurality of cross beams, a gearbox support, a rotary tillage baffle, a left side plate and a right side plate; A plurality of the cross beams are arranged in parallel, the gearbox support, the rotary tillage baffle, and the suspension device are respectively connected to some of the cross beams, the left side plate and the right side plate are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the cross beam, the grass guard is arranged in front of the left side plate and the right side plate, and the leveling device is connected to the cross beam and is hinged to the left side plate and the right side plate.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present application, a gearbox is further included, the gearbox including a power input shaft, a large bevel gear of the input shaft, a small bevel gear of the input shaft, a left power output shaft, a left driven bevel gear, a right driven bevel gear, a right power output shaft, and a gearbox housing; The gearbox case is connected to the gearbox support, the power input shaft passes through the front and rear sides of the gearbox case and is rotatably connected to the gearbox case, the input shaft large bevel gear and the input shaft small bevel gear are respectively transmission-connected to the power input shaft, the left driven bevel gear is perpendicular to and meshes with the input shaft large bevel gear, the right driven bevel gear is perpendicular to and meshes with the input shaft small bevel gear, the left power output shaft and the right power output shaft are respectively transmission-connected to the left driven bevel gear and the right driven bevel gear.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present application, the straw crushing device includes a crushing cover, a crushing knife shaft, a crushing knife seat, a straw crushing knife, and a straw knife roller bearing seat; The two ends of the crushing knife shaft are rotatably connected to the left plate and the right plate respectively through the straw knife roller bearing seat, the straw crushing knife is rotatably connected to the crushing knife seat, the crushing knife seat is spirally staggered on the crushing knife shaft, and the crushing cover is sleeved on the outer side of the crushing knife shaft.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present application, the straw crushing device further includes a first straw crushing fixed knife group and a second straw crushing fixed knife group, and the first straw crushing fixed knife group and the second straw crushing fixed knife group are circumferentially distributed on the inner surface of the crushing cover.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present application, the pressing device includes a pressing roller support, a pressing roller, a pressing roller side plate, and a pressing spring column; The two ends of the pressing roller are rotatably connected to the left side plate and the right side plate respectively through the pressing roller support, and the pressing roller side plates are respectively connected to the pressing roller support and the pressing spring column.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present application, the uniform rotary embedding device includes a first sawtooth spiral transverse knife support, a rotary embedding knife seat, a curved knife support, a rotary embedding knife disc, a rotary embedding knife shaft, a sawtooth spiral transverse knife, and a second sawtooth spiral transverse knife support; The surface of the rotary embedding cutter shaft is provided with multiple rotary embedding cutter discs and multiple rotary embedding cutter seats, and the multiple curved knife supports are circumferentially distributed on the rotary embedding cutter disc, and the serrated spiral cross knife is connected to the curved knife supports on two adjacent rotary embedding cutter discs through the first serrated spiral cross knife support and the second serrated spiral cross knife support respectively.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present application, the uniform rotary tillage device also includes a single-hole rotary tillage blade and a double-hole rotary tillage blade. The single-hole rotary tillage blade is arranged around the rotary burying blade seat, and a plurality of the double-hole rotary tillage blades are circumferentially distributed on the rotary burying blade disc. The double-hole rotary tillage blade and the single-hole rotary tillage blade are arranged in a symmetrical three-spiral arrangement, and the serrated spiral cross blades are arranged in a symmetrical three-spiral arrangement.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present application, the integrated monitoring device includes a hydraulic cylinder support, a plow column, a vibration device, a hydraulic cylinder, a furrowing plow beam, a vibration device connecting seat, and a cover glass; The hydraulic cylinder support is connected to one of the cross beams, the hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the hydraulic cylinder support and the furrowing plow beam respectively, the furrowing plow beam is rotatably connected to the other cross beam, the vibration device is symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of the furrowing plow beam through the vibration device connecting seat; the plow column is hinged to the vibration device and connected to the collection box respectively, and the cover glass covers the bottom of the collection box.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present application, it also includes a pulley transmission device and a side gear box; the left power output shaft is connected to the pulley transmission device, the pulley transmission device is connected to the straw crushing device, the right power output shaft is connected to the side gear box, and the side gear box is connected to the uniform rotary burying device.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by this application has the following beneficial technical effects: The present application provides a combined tillage machine that integrates straw crushing, rotary burying, ditching, and monitoring, which can be used for dryland straw return operations. The machine is highly efficient and can complete multiple operations such as full straw burying, strong soil crushing, tillage, land leveling, ditching, soil moisture and nutrient monitoring in one operation. The present application shortens the length of the straw to be entered into the land before rotary tillage through a straw crushing device, which essentially reduces the occurrence of straw entanglement. At the same time, the shortening of the straw length reduces the soil entry resistance of the rotary tillage component, improves the burying performance of the rotary tillage tool, and makes the straw more evenly distributed under the rotary burying of the uniform rotary burying device. While returning the straw evenly to the field, the present application completes the monitoring of soil moisture and nutrients after tillage, which is crucial to the development of precision agricultural irrigation and crop growth prediction, and meets the requirements of the development of modern precision agricultural technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution in this application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments: Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a full-straw rotary burying tillage machine with an in-situ spectrum dynamic collection function in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Bottom view of Figure 3 for Figure 1 Right view of; Figure 4 for Figure 1 The structural diagram of the intermediate gearbox; Figure 5 for Figure 1 The structural diagram of the straw crushing device; Figure 6 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the middle suppression device; Figure 7 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the uniform rotary embedding device; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Partial explosion structure diagram of the uniform rotary embedding device; Fig. 9 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the integrated monitoring device; Fig.10 for Figure 1 The partial explosion structure diagram of the integrated monitoring device; Fig.11 for Figure 1 Transmission system diagram.

[0018] Reference numerals: 1—frame, 101—upper crossbeam, 102—front crossbeam, 103—middle gearbox support, 104—rear crossbeam, 105—front crossbeam of rotary tillage section, 106—rotary tillage baffle, 107—rear crossbeam of rotary tillage section, 108—left side plate, 109—right side plate; 2—straw crushing device, 201—crushing cover, 202—crushing knife shaft, 203—crushing knife seat, 204—straw crushing knife, 205—first straw crushing fixed knife group, 206—second straw crushing fixed knife group, 207—straw knife roller bearing seat; 3—pressing device, 301—pressing roller support, 302—pressing roller, 303—pressing roller side plate, 304—pressing spring column; 4—uniform rotary tillage device, 401—first sawtooth spiral horizontal blade support, 402—single-hole rotary tillage blade, 403—rotary tillage blade support, 404—scimitar blade support, 405—rotary tillage blade disc, 406—rotary tillage blade shaft, 407—sawtooth spiral horizontal blade, 408—second sawtooth spiral horizontal blade support, 409—double-hole rotary tillage blade; 5—flat ground device; 6—integrated monitoring device, 601—main control unit, 602—hydraulic cylinder support, 603—plowshare, 604—collection box, 605—plow column, 606—vibration device, 607—hydraulic cylinder, 608—furrowing plow beam, 609—vibration device connection seat, 610—optical fiber probe module, 611—cover glass; 7—grass fence; 8—Suspension device; 9—gearbox, 901—power input shaft, 902—large bevel gear of input shaft, 903—small bevel gear of input shaft, 904—left power output shaft, 905—left driven bevel gear, 906—right driven bevel gear, 907—right power output shaft, 908—gearbox housing; 10—side gear box; 11—pulley transmission device, 1101—large pulley, 1102—small pulley. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0020] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in this specification, the wording "including" is an open-ended expression, which means that the described features exist but does not exclude other features. The directional words "up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are exemplary directions based on the drawings. Features defined as "first" and "second" implicitly include one or more of the features. Singular expressions can also be used in the plural. "Multiple" means two or more. The terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" can be fixed connections, detachable connections, or integrated connections; they can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or they can be internal connections between two elements. In addition, "connected" can include wireless connections.

[0021] The purpose of this application is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and propose a full-straw rotary burying tillage machine with in-situ spectral dynamic collection function to solve the technical problems of severe straw accumulation and entanglement, low burying rate and low burying uniformity in the prior art.

[0022] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions: like Figure 1 to Figure 11 As shown, Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a full-straw rotary burying tillage machine with an in-situ spectrum dynamic collection function in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Bottom view of Figure 3 for Figure 1 Right view of; Figure 4 for Figure 1 The structural diagram of the gearbox; Figure 5 for Figure 1 The structural diagram of the straw crushing device; Figure 6 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the middle suppression device; Figure 7 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the uniform rotary embedding device; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Partial explosion structure diagram of the uniform rotary embedding device; Fig. 9 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the integrated monitoring device; Fig.10 for Figure 1 The partial explosion structure diagram of the integrated monitoring device; Fig.11 for Figure 1 Transmission system diagram.

[0023] The present application provides a full-scale straw rotary burying tillage machine with an in-situ spectral dynamic collection function, comprising a frame 1, a straw crushing device 2, a pressing device 3, a uniform rotary burying device 4, a ground leveling device 5, and a comprehensive monitoring device 6: Rack 1; The straw crushing device 2, the pressing device 3, the uniform rotary burying device 4, and the ground leveling device 5 are all connected to the frame 1 and are arranged in sequence from front to back. The rotation direction of the straw crushing device 2 is opposite to that of the uniform rotary burying device 4. The comprehensive monitoring device 6 includes a main control unit 601, a plowshare 603, a collection box 604 and a fiber optic probe module 610. The plowshare 603 is located behind the leveling device 5 and covers the front side of the collection box 604. The fiber optic probe module 610 is located inside the collection box 604 and is signal-connected to the main control unit 601 for monitoring soil moisture and nutrients.

[0024] The present application provides a combined tillage machine that integrates straw crushing, rotary burying, ditching, and monitoring, which can be used for dryland straw return operations. The machine is highly efficient and can complete multiple operations such as full straw burying, strong soil crushing, tillage, land leveling, ditching, soil moisture and nutrient monitoring in one operation. The present application shortens the length of the straw to be entered into the land before rotary tillage through the straw crushing device 2, which essentially reduces the occurrence of straw entanglement. At the same time, the shortening of the straw length reduces the soil entry resistance of the rotary tillage component, improves the burying performance of the rotary tillage tool, and makes the straw more evenly distributed under the rotary burying of the uniform rotary burying device. While returning the straw evenly to the field, the present application completes the monitoring of soil moisture and nutrients after tillage, which is crucial to the development of precision agricultural irrigation and crop growth prediction, and meets the requirements of the development of modern precision agricultural technology.

[0025] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a full-scale straw rotary burying tillage machine with in-situ spectral dynamic collection function comprises a frame 1, a straw crushing device 2, a suppression device 3, a uniform rotary burying device 4, a ground leveling device 5, a comprehensive monitoring device 6, a grass fence 7, a three-point suspension device 8, an intermediate gearbox 9, a side gear box 10 and a pulley transmission device 11; the power device in the machine comprises a straw crushing device 2 and a uniform rotary burying device 4, the rotation direction of the straw crushing device 2 is opposite to that of the tractor wheel, that is, clockwise rotation, and the rotation direction of the uniform rotary burying device 4 is the same as that of the tractor wheel, that is, counterclockwise rotation, wherein the rotation speed of the straw crushing device 2 is much greater than that of the uniform rotary burying device 4, and other devices move with the traction of the tractor.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present application, a grass fence 7 and a suspension device 8 are also included, and the frame 1 includes an upper crossbeam 101, a front crossbeam 102, a gearbox support 103, a rear crossbeam 104, a front crossbeam 105 of a rotary tillage part, a rotary tillage baffle 106, a rear crossbeam 107 of a rotary tillage part, a left side plate 108 and a right side plate 109; The upper crossbeam 101, the front crossbeam 102, the rear crossbeam 104, the front crossbeam 105 of the rotary tillage part and the rear crossbeam 107 of the rotary tillage part are arranged in parallel, the gearbox support 103 is connected to the front crossbeam 102 and the rear crossbeam 104 respectively, the rotary tillage baffle 106 is connected to the front crossbeam 105 of the rotary tillage part and the rear crossbeam 107 of the rotary tillage part respectively, the left side plate 108 and the right side plate 109 are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the upper crossbeam 101, the grass guard 7 is arranged in front of the left side plate 108 and the right side plate 109, the suspension device 8 is connected to the upper crossbeam 101, the front crossbeam 102, and the front crossbeam 105 of the rotary tillage part respectively, the leveling device 5 is connected to the rear of the rear crossbeam 107 of the rotary tillage part and is hinged to the left side plate 108 and the right side plate 109.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the upper crossbeam 101, the front crossbeam 102, the rear crossbeam 104, the front crossbeam 105 of the rotary tillage part and the rear crossbeam 107 of the rotary tillage part are parallel, and the left and right ends are respectively fixed to the left plate 108 and the right plate 109; the intermediate gearbox support 103 is fixed to the front crossbeam 102, the crushing cover 201, and the middle of the rear crossbeam 104; the front and rear ends of the rotary tillage baffle 106 are fixed to the front crossbeam 105 of the rotary tillage part and the rear crossbeam 107 of the rotary tillage part, and the left plate 108 and the right plate 109 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the machine; the grass fence 7 is installed on the left plate 108 and the right plate The front end of 109 is rotatably connected with the two side plates to block the straw, soil blocks, etc. thrown forward when the straw is crushed, which has a protective effect while ensuring the straw crushing effect. The lower end of the three-point suspension device 8 is fixedly connected to the middle of the front beam 102, the front end is fixedly connected to the middle of the upper beam 101, and the rear end is fixedly connected to the middle gearbox support 103 and the middle of the front beam 105 of the rotary tillage part. The leveling device 5 is fixedly connected to the rear of the rear beam 107 of the rotary tillage part, and the left and right ends are respectively hinged with the rear ends of the left plate 108 and the right plate 109 to level the soil after rotary tillage and improve the flatness of the surface.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present application, a gearbox 9 is further included, wherein the gearbox 9 includes a power input shaft 901, a large bevel gear 902 of the input shaft, a small bevel gear 903 of the input shaft, a left power output shaft 904, a left driven bevel gear 905, a right driven bevel gear 906, a right power output shaft 907, and a gearbox housing 908; The gearbox housing 908 is connected to the gearbox support 103, the power input shaft 901 passes through the front and rear sides of the gearbox housing 908 and is rotationally connected to the gearbox housing 908, the input shaft large bevel gear 902 and the input shaft small bevel gear 903 are respectively transmission connected to the power input shaft 901, the left driven bevel gear 905 is perpendicular to and meshed with the input shaft large bevel gear 902, the right driven bevel gear 906 is perpendicular to and meshed with the input shaft small bevel gear 903, the left power output shaft 904 and the right power output shaft 907 are respectively transmission connected to the left driven bevel gear 905 and the right driven bevel gear 906.

[0029] like Figure 4 As shown, the front and rear ends of the intermediate gearbox 9 are respectively fixed to the gearbox support 103 by bolts, the power input shaft 901 passes through the front shell and the rear shell of the gearbox housing 908, and forms a rotation connection with the side walls of the front shell and the rear shell, the left driven bevel gear 905 passes through the left shell of the gearbox housing 908, and forms a rotation connection with the side wall of the left shell, the right driven bevel gear 906 passes through the right shell of the gearbox housing 908, and forms a rotation connection with the side wall of the right shell, the left driven bevel gear 905 is perpendicular to the input shaft large bevel gear 902, and the right driven bevel gear 906 is perpendicular to the input shaft large bevel gear 902. The driven bevel gear 906 is perpendicular to the input shaft small bevel gear 903 and meshes on the periphery. The left driven bevel gear 905 and the right driven bevel gear 906 are fixedly connected to the left power output shaft 904 and the right power output shaft 907 through splines. The power transmission route is that the tractor power output shaft drives the input shaft large bevel gear 902 and the input shaft small bevel gear 903 in the intermediate gearbox 9 to rotate, thereby driving the left driven bevel gear 905 and the right driven bevel gear 906 to rotate, and then driving the left power output shaft 904 and the right power output shaft 907 to rotate.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present application, the straw crushing device 2 includes a crushing cover 201, a crushing knife shaft 202, a crushing knife seat 203, a straw crushing knife 204, and a straw knife roller bearing seat 207; The two ends of the crushing knife shaft 202 are rotatably connected to the left plate 108 and the right plate 109 respectively through the straw knife roller bearing seat 207, the straw crushing knife 204 is rotatably connected to the crushing knife seat 203, the crushing knife seat 203 is spirally arranged on the crushing knife shaft 202, and the crushing cover shell 201 is sleeved on the outer side of the crushing knife shaft 202.

[0031] like Figure 5As shown, the straw crushing device 2 includes a crushing cover 201, a crushing knife shaft 202, a crushing knife seat 203, a straw crushing knife 204, a first straw crushing fixed knife group 205, a second straw crushing fixed knife group 206, and a straw knife roller bearing seat 207; wherein, the front, upper and rear ends of the crushing cover 201 are respectively fixedly connected to the front cross beam 102, the upper cross beam 101 and the surface of the rear cross beam 104, and the two ends of the crushing knife shaft 202 are connected to the straw knife roller bearing seat 207, and are respectively rotatably connected to the left plate 108 and the right plate 109; the straw crushing knife group is composed of two straw crushing knives 204 symmetrically installed, the knives are arranged in a Y shape, fixedly connected to the crushing knife seat 203 by a pin shaft, and are rotatably connected to the crushing knife seat 203 to ensure that the knife has sufficient contact area with the straw.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present application, the straw crushing device 2 also includes a first straw crushing fixed knife group 205 and a second straw crushing fixed knife group 206, and the first straw crushing fixed knife group 205 and the second straw crushing fixed knife group 206 are circumferentially distributed on the inner surface of the crushing cover 201.

[0033] The crushing knife seat 203 is welded on the crushing knife shaft 202 in a double-headed spiral staggered arrangement to reduce the vibration of the machine, improve the qualified rate of straw crushing, and prevent straw powder leakage. The first straw crushing fixed knife group 205 is arranged obliquely on the inner surface of the crushing cover 201 above the front of the crushing knife shaft 202, and the second straw crushing fixed knife group 206 is arranged on the inner surface of the crushing cover 201 above the rear, and is connected to the crushing cover by bolts. Each fixed knife is arranged in the middle of the Y-shaped swinging knife group. After the straw enters the crushing cover 201, it is supported by the first straw crushing fixed knife group 205 and the second straw crushing fixed knife group 206 and is crushed more thoroughly by the straw crushing swinging knife 204, thereby further improving the straw crushing effect.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present application, the pressing device 3 includes a pressing roller support 301, a pressing roller 302, a pressing roller side plate 303, and a pressing spring column 304; The two ends of the pressing roller 302 are rotatably connected to the left plate 108 and the right plate 109 respectively through the pressing roller support 301 , and the pressing roller side plate 303 is connected to the pressing roller support 301 and the pressing spring column 304 respectively.

[0035] like Figure 6As shown, the pressing device includes a pressing roller support 301, a pressing roller 302, a pressing roller side plate 303, and a pressing spring column 304; the pressing roller 302 is rotatably connected to the pressing roller supports 301 at both ends, the pressing roller supports 301 are fixed to the pressing roller side plates 303 by bolts, and are respectively connected to the left plate 108 and the right plate 109, an arc-shaped adjustment hole is provided at the connection between the pressing roller side plates 303 and the two side plates, and a pressing spring column 304 is provided above, which can adjust the height of the pressing roller according to different operation requirements, support the machine during operation, prevent the straw crushing tool from hitting the soil due to the resistance of the rotary tillage operation, causing tool wear and increasing operation resistance, and at the same time improve the tillage depth stability of the machine and improve the operation quality.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present application, the uniform rotary embedding device includes a first sawtooth spiral horizontal knife support 401, a rotary embedding knife seat 403, a curved knife support 404, a rotary embedding knife disc 405, a rotary embedding knife shaft 406, a sawtooth spiral horizontal knife 407, and a second sawtooth spiral horizontal knife support 408; The surface of the rotary embedding cutter shaft is provided with multiple rotary embedding cutter discs 405 and multiple rotary embedding cutter seats 403, and multiple curved knife supports 404 are circumferentially distributed on the rotary embedding cutter disc 405. The serrated spiral cross knife 407 is connected to the curved knife supports 404 on two adjacent rotary embedding cutter discs 405 through the first serrated spiral cross knife support 401 and the second serrated spiral cross knife support 408 respectively.

[0037] like Figure 7 , 8 As shown, the uniform rotary burying device is composed of a plurality of rotary burying units, a plurality of rotary burying cutter discs 405 are arranged on the rotary burying cutter shaft 406, two adjacent rotary burying cutter discs 405 and the cutter therebetween are a unit, a plurality of rotary burying cutter seats 403 are arranged on the rotary burying cutter shaft 406 of each unit, a single-hole rotary tillage blade 402 is installed on the rotary burying cutter seat 403, a plurality of curved blade supports 404 are arranged circumferentially on the rotary burying cutter disc 405, and the curved blade supports 404 on the adjacent rotary burying cutter discs 405 are connected to the left and right supports of the sawtooth spiral horizontal blade 407 by countersunk bolts. The serrated spiral cross blade support 401 and the second serrated spiral cross blade support 408, and the rotary burying knife disc 405 are also equipped with multiple double-hole rotary knives 409 in the circumference. The arrangement of multiple knives improves the working effect of the rotary burying knife roller; the different supports arranged on both sides of the serrated spiral cross blade 407 ensure that the knives are easy to disassemble, and are fixed with countersunk bolts to reduce the resistance of the knives entering the soil. The serrated design on the serrated spiral cross blade 407 ensures that the knife can bury the straw in situ, thereby improving the spatial distribution uniformity of the straw and reducing the straw accumulation phenomenon.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present application, the uniform rotary tillage device also includes a single-hole rotary tillage blade 402 and a double-hole rotary tillage blade 409. The single-hole rotary tillage blade 402 is arranged around the rotary burying blade seat 403, and multiple double-hole rotary tillage blades 409 are circumferentially distributed on the rotary burying blade disc 405. The double-hole rotary tillage blade 409 and the single-hole rotary tillage blade 402 are arranged in a symmetrical three-spiral arrangement, and the serrated spiral cross blade 407 is arranged in a symmetrical three-spiral arrangement.

[0039] The double-hole rotary tiller 409 on the rotary burying cutter disc 405 and the single-hole rotary tiller 402 on the rotary burying cutter shaft 406 are arranged in a symmetrical three-helix arrangement, and the sawtooth spiral horizontal blade 407 is also arranged in a symmetrical three-helix arrangement. The rotary tiller installation spiral line and the sawtooth spiral horizontal blade 407 installation spiral line are arranged alternately. The rotary tillage effect of the rotary tiller is good, so the rotary tiller breaks the soil first, reducing the soil entry resistance of the sawtooth spiral horizontal blade 407, while the straw burying performance of the rotary tiller is poor. The two knives are alternately arranged so that the sawtooth spiral horizontal blade 407 can bury the straw that the rotary tiller fails to bury, thereby improving the straw burying performance. When the two knives are alternately arranged, the soil cutting pitch is reduced, which increases the soil crushing effect of the machine. The cutters on both sides of the rotary burying cutter shaft 406 are arranged symmetrically in a herringbone shape, so that the cutters are evenly buried in the soil and the stability of the machine is improved. The soil throwing directions of the rotary tiller and the sawtooth spiral cross blade 407 are opposite, so the rotary tiller and the sawtooth spiral cross blade 407 with opposite rotation directions can be installed in the same unit.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present application, the integrated monitoring device includes a main control unit 601, a hydraulic cylinder support 602, a plow column 605, an excitation device 606, a hydraulic cylinder 607, a furrowing plow beam 608, an excitation device connection seat 609, and a cover glass 611; The hydraulic cylinder support 602 is connected to the front crossbeam 105 of the rotary tillage part, the hydraulic cylinder 607 is rotatably connected to the hydraulic cylinder support 602 and the furrowing plow beam 608 respectively, the furrowing plow beam 608 is rotatably connected to the rear crossbeam 107 of the rotary tillage part, and the vibration device 606 is symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of the furrowing plow beam 608 through the vibration device connecting seat 609; the plow column 605 is respectively hinged to the vibration device 606 and connected to the collection box 604, the cover glass 611 covers the bottom of the collection box 604, and the main control unit 601 is respectively connected to the front crossbeam 105 of the rotary tillage part and the rear crossbeam 107 of the rotary tillage part and is signal-connected to the optical fiber probe module 610.

[0041] like Fig. 9As shown in 10, the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder support 602 is fixedly connected to the front cross beam 105 of the rotary tillage part, and the rear end support is rotatably connected to the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder 607. The lower end of the hydraulic cylinder 607 is fixedly connected to the furrowing plow beam 608, and is rotatably connected to the furrowing plow beam 608 support. At the same time, the furrowing plow beam 608 is rotatably connected to the upper support of the rear cross beam 107 of the rotary tillage part. The control device of the hydraulic cylinder 607 is also arranged on the tractor. By controlling the hydraulic cylinder 607 to unfold the lifting arm, the furrowing plow is moved downward as a whole to perform straw return, furrowing, and soil moisture and nutrient monitoring operations. When only straw return is required, the furrowing plow is moved upward as a whole by controlling the hydraulic cylinder 607 to retract the lifting arm, thereby improving the adaptability and convenience of the machine. In order to ensure the normal operation of the comprehensive monitoring device, a vibration excitation device 606 is arranged, wherein the vibration excitation device 606 is fixedly connected to the tractor by a U-shaped bolt. It is installed on the upper and lower sides of the furrowing plow beam 608, the upper connecting seat and the spring end of the exciting device 606 form a rotation connection, and the lower connecting seat and the other end of the exciting device 606 form a rotation connection. The U-bolt connection can realize the adjustment of the furrowing row spacing of the furrowing plow; a plurality of mounting holes are provided on the plow column 605, which is hinged with the exciting device 606 through two upper and lower mounting holes, and the furrowing monitoring depth can be adjusted by hingedly adjusting different mounting holes. At the same time, it can realize only monitoring without rotary tillage operation, so as to monitor the soil moisture content and nutrients of the field at different periods; in order to facilitate the line connection and replacement of the optical fiber probe module 610, the collection box 604 and the plow column 605 are connected by bolts, and a window is left at the rear end of the collection box, and the plowshare 603 is welded to the front side of the collection box 604. While completing the furrowing operation, the lower end of the collection box 604 is used to level the surface to create a good soil moisture content and nutrient collection environment; The optical fiber probe module 610 includes a fixing device and an optical fiber probe. The fixing device is installed inside the collection box 604. The optical fiber probe is fixed in the middle. The collection box 604 provides a darkroom condition for the optical fiber probe module 610. A cover glass 611 is installed at the bottom hole to protect the optical fiber probe from being contaminated by the monitored soil. At the same time, the loss of incident light and reflected light is minimized to ensure the accuracy of moisture content and nutrient monitoring. The cover glass 611 can be made of sapphire glass.

[0042] The main control unit 601 is fixedly connected between the front crossbeam 105 of the rotary tillage part and the rear crossbeam 107 of the rotary tillage part, and is used to control the fiber optic probe module 610. The main control unit 601 includes a light source, a spectrometer, a power supply and a data processing module. The light source, the spectrometer and the fiber optic probe are connected by optical fibers. Based on the data processing module in the main control unit 601, soil reflection spectrum data is obtained according to the near-infrared incident light and the monitored output light, and soil moisture and nutrient monitoring is performed to achieve dynamic in-situ monitoring of soil moisture and nutrients. Soil moisture content is closely related to the growth and development of crops. Too high soil moisture content will make the soil aeration worse and affect the respiration of the crop roots. Too low moisture content will cause crops to lack water, resulting in wilting, reduced production and other phenomena. In addition, the moisture content is also crucial to the evaluation of farmland soil moisture conditions; Soil organic matter can enhance the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, promote the formation of aggregate structure, improve soil physical properties, promote microbial activity, stimulate crop growth and development, and help eliminate soil pollution. Nitrogen in the soil is a key nutrient element that promotes plant growth, development and reproduction. It is an important element in the composition of proteins, nucleic acids and chlorophyll, and is an important indicator for measuring soil fertility; phosphorus can promote the reproduction of soil microorganisms and the formation of soil structure, promote the development of crop roots, and improve crop quality; potassium in the soil can improve soil permeability and water retention capacity, enhance crop resistance, promote photosynthesis and material transportation, and improve yield and quality.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present application, it also includes a pulley transmission device 11 and a side gear box 10; the left power output shaft 904 is connected to the pulley transmission device 11, the pulley transmission device 11 is connected to the straw crushing device 2, the right power output shaft 907 is connected to the side gear box 10, and the side gear box 10 is connected to the uniform rotary embedding device 4.

[0044] like Fig.11 As shown, the transmission relationship of the entire device is that the tractor power output shaft drives the input shaft large bevel gear 902 and the input shaft small bevel gear 903 in the intermediate gearbox 9 to rotate, thereby driving the left driven bevel gear 905 and the right driven bevel gear 906 to rotate, and then driving the left power output shaft 904 and the right power output shaft 907 to rotate; the left power output shaft 904 drives the large pulley 1101 in the pulley transmission device 11 to rotate, and drives the small pulley 1102 to rotate through the belt, thereby driving the straw crushing device 2 to rotate to perform straw crushing work; the right power output shaft 907 drives the side gear box 10 to rotate, and drives the uniform rotary burying device 4 to rotate through gear transmission to perform rotary tillage and straw burying work.

[0045] After the crops are harvested, the straw returning operation process of the present invention is as follows: when working in the field, the tractor drives the power input shaft of the intermediate gearbox 9 to rotate, driving the left driven bevel gear 905 to rotate and drive the straw crushing device 2 to rotate in the opposite direction (opposite to the rotation direction of the tractor wheel) to crush the straw and evenly scatter the crushed straw to the ground surface, shortening the length of the straw to be entered into the land before rotary tillage, reducing the soil entry resistance of the rotary tillage components and the difficulty of burying the straw; the intermediate gearbox 9 simultaneously drives the right driven bevel gear 906 to rotate and drive the uniform rotary burying device 4 to rotate forward (the same direction as the rotation direction of the tractor wheel), tilling the soil in the uncultivated area, and at the same time evenly burying the straw crushed to the ground surface, and the rotary tillage knife and the sawtooth spiral horizontal The knives 407 are installed alternately, the rotary tillage knife first breaks the soil and covers a small amount of straw, and then the sawtooth spiral horizontal knife 407 covers the straw that the rotary tillage knife fails to cover in situ, and throws the soil to the leveling device 5 to level the soil after plowing, and then the comprehensive monitoring device 6 performs trenching operations and monitors the moisture content and nutrients of the field soil; one knife roller can realize operations such as full straw burying, strong soil crushing, tillage, leveling, trenching, and soil moisture content monitoring. The knives in the knife roller are reasonably and compactly arranged, the force is evenly distributed, the resistance to entering the soil is reduced, the installed equipment vibrates less during the tillage process, the life of the equipment is extended, the spatial distribution uniformity of the straw is improved, the seed bed conditions are better prepared, and the crop quality is improved, which is of great significance to the improvement of precision agricultural technology.

[0046] The present invention can be applied to the operation of returning straw to fields in dry lands. It is a combined tillage machine integrating straw crushing, rotary burying, ditching and monitoring. The machine has high efficiency and can complete multiple operations such as full straw burying, strong soil crushing, tillage, land leveling, ditching, soil moisture and nutrient monitoring in one operation.

[0047] The working environment in many farming areas in my country is poor, with many weeds, high stubble and a large amount of straw. In traditional farming, the rotary tillage blade is prone to straw entanglement and blockage, has large resistance to entering the soil, and has a poor burying effect. The present invention is combined with a straw crushing device to shorten the length of the straw to be entered into the land before the rotary tillage operation, thereby essentially reducing the occurrence of straw entanglement, reducing the resistance of the rotary tillage components to enter the soil, and improving the burying performance of the rotary tillage blade.

[0048] The present invention adds a serrated spiral cross blade to the traditional rotary tillage roller. The serrated spiral cross blade cooperates with the rotary tillage blade during the tillage process. The rotary tillage blade first breaks the soil and buries a small amount of straw, and then the serrated spiral cross blade buries the straw that slides out of the rotary tillage blade, so that the entire amount of straw can be evenly buried. The cutters in the cutter roller are reasonably and compactly arranged, the force is evenly distributed, the resistance to entering the soil is reduced, the vibration of the installed equipment during the tillage process is small, and the service life of the equipment is extended. In view of the wear of the saw teeth of the serrated spiral cross blade, a detachable serrated spiral cross blade is provided. The serrated spiral cross blade is connected by bolts for easy maintenance and replacement. At the same time, different serrated spiral cross blades can be removed or installed according to the working environment of the area, thereby improving the versatility of the rotary burying cutter roller in different geographical environments.

[0049] The present invention relies on the mutual cooperation between various devices. If the uniform rotary burying device is used alone, the resistance to entering the soil is large, the spatial burial of the straw is uneven, and the straw accumulation in the soil is easily caused. The addition of a straw crushing device further improves the burying performance of the uniform rotary burying device. The reduction in the average length of the straw allows more straw to be buried in deeper soil, thereby improving the uniformity of the spatial distribution of the straw. The shortening of the straw and the loosening of the soil reduce the trenching resistance and the vibration of the trenching plow, making the surface after plowing smoother and improving the accuracy of soil moisture content and nutrient monitoring.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by this application has the following beneficial technical effects: The present application provides a combined tillage machine that integrates straw crushing, rotary burying, ditching, and monitoring, which can be used for dryland straw return operations. The machine is highly efficient and can complete multiple operations such as full straw burying, strong soil crushing, tillage, land leveling, ditching, soil moisture and nutrient monitoring in one operation. The present application shortens the length of the straw to be entered into the land before rotary tillage through a straw crushing device, which essentially reduces the occurrence of straw entanglement. At the same time, the shortening of the straw length reduces the soil entry resistance of the rotary tillage component, improves the burying performance of the rotary tillage tool, and makes the straw more evenly distributed under the rotary burying of the uniform rotary burying device. While returning the straw evenly to the field, the present application completes the monitoring of soil moisture and nutrients after tillage, which is crucial to the development of precision agricultural irrigation and crop growth prediction, and meets the requirements of the development of modern precision agricultural technology.

[0051] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various operations, methods, steps, measures, and schemes in the processes discussed in this application may be alternated, modified, rearranged, decomposed, combined, or deleted.

[0052] The specific implementation methods of the present application described above do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present application. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical concept of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A full-straw rotary burying tillage machine with in-situ spectrum dynamic collection function, characterized in that: include: frame; A straw crushing device, a pressing device, a uniform rotary burying device, and a ground leveling device are all connected to the frame and are arranged in sequence from front to back, and the rotation direction of the straw crushing device is opposite to that of the uniform rotary burying device; The comprehensive monitoring device includes a main control unit, a plowshare, a collection box and a fiber optic probe module. The plowshare is located behind the leveling device and covers the front side of the collection box. The fiber optic probe module is located inside the collection box and is connected to the main control unit signal for monitoring soil moisture and nutrients.

2. The full-straw rotary burying tillage machine with in-situ spectrum dynamic collection function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a grass fence and a suspension device, and the frame includes a plurality of crossbeams, a gearbox support, a rotary tillage baffle, a left side plate and a right side plate; A plurality of the cross beams are arranged in parallel, the gearbox support, the rotary tillage baffle, and the suspension device are respectively connected to some of the cross beams, the left side plate and the right side plate are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the cross beam, the grass guard is arranged in front of the left side plate and the right side plate, and the leveling device is connected to the cross beam and is hinged to the left side plate and the right side plate.

3. The full-straw rotary burying tillage machine with in-situ spectrum dynamic collection function according to claim 2 is characterized in that: It also includes a gearbox, which includes a power input shaft, a large bevel gear on the input shaft, a small bevel gear on the input shaft, a left power output shaft, a left driven bevel gear, a right driven bevel gear, a right power output shaft, and a gearbox housing; The gearbox case is connected to the gearbox support, the power input shaft passes through the front and rear sides of the gearbox case and is rotatably connected to the gearbox case, the input shaft large bevel gear and the input shaft small bevel gear are respectively transmission-connected to the power input shaft, the left driven bevel gear is perpendicular to and meshes with the input shaft large bevel gear, the right driven bevel gear is perpendicular to and meshes with the input shaft small bevel gear, the left power output shaft and the right power output shaft are respectively transmission-connected to the left driven bevel gear and the right driven bevel gear.

4. The full-straw rotary burying tillage machine with in-situ spectrum dynamic collection function according to claim 2, characterized in that: The straw crushing device comprises a crushing cover, a crushing knife shaft, a crushing knife seat, a straw crushing knife, and a straw knife roller bearing seat; The two ends of the crushing knife shaft are rotatably connected to the left plate and the right plate respectively through the straw knife roller bearing seat, the straw crushing knife is rotatably connected to the crushing knife seat, the crushing knife seat is spirally staggered on the crushing knife shaft, and the crushing cover is sleeved on the outer side of the crushing knife shaft.

5. The full-straw rotary burying tillage machine with in-situ spectrum dynamic collection function according to claim 4, characterized in that: The straw crushing device further comprises a first straw crushing fixed knife group and a second straw crushing fixed knife group, wherein the first straw crushing fixed knife group and the second straw crushing fixed knife group are circumferentially distributed on the inner surface of the crushing cover.

6. The full-straw rotary burying tillage machine with in-situ spectrum dynamic collection function according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressing device comprises a pressing roller support, a pressing roller, a pressing roller side plate, and a pressing spring column; The two ends of the pressing roller are rotatably connected to the left side plate and the right side plate respectively through the pressing roller support, and the pressing roller side plates are respectively connected to the pressing roller support and the pressing spring column.

7. The full-straw rotary burying tillage machine with in-situ spectrum dynamic collection function according to claim 2, characterized in that: The uniform rotary embedding device comprises a first sawtooth spiral transverse knife support, a rotary embedding knife seat, a curved knife support, a rotary embedding knife disc, a rotary embedding knife shaft, a sawtooth spiral transverse knife, and a second sawtooth spiral transverse knife support; The surface of the rotary embedding cutter shaft is provided with multiple rotary embedding cutter discs and multiple rotary embedding cutter seats, and the multiple curved knife supports are circumferentially distributed on the rotary embedding cutter disc, and the serrated spiral cross knife is connected to the curved knife supports on two adjacent rotary embedding cutter discs through the first serrated spiral cross knife support and the second serrated spiral cross knife support respectively.

8. The full-straw rotary burying tillage machine with in-situ spectrum dynamic collection function according to claim 7, characterized in that: The uniform rotary tillage device also includes a single-hole rotary tillage blade and a double-hole rotary tillage blade. The single-hole rotary tillage blade is arranged around the rotary burying blade seat, and a plurality of the double-hole rotary tillage blades are circumferentially distributed on the rotary burying blade disc. The double-hole rotary tillage blade and the single-hole rotary tillage blade are arranged in a symmetrical three-helix arrangement, and the serrated spiral cross blades are arranged in a symmetrical three-helix arrangement.

9. The full-straw rotary burying tillage machine with in-situ spectrum dynamic collection function according to claim 2, characterized in that: The comprehensive monitoring device includes a hydraulic cylinder support, a plow column, a vibration device, a hydraulic cylinder, a furrowing plow beam, a vibration device connection seat, and a cover glass; The hydraulic cylinder support is connected to one of the beams, the hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the hydraulic cylinder support and the furrowing plow beam respectively, the furrowing plow beam is rotatably connected to the other beam, the vibration device is symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of the furrowing plow beam through the vibration device connecting seat; the plow column is hinged to the vibration device and connected to the collection box respectively, and the cover glass covers the bottom of the collection box.

10. The full-straw rotary burying tillage machine with in-situ spectrum dynamic collection function according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a pulley transmission device and a side gear box; the left power output shaft is connected to the pulley transmission device, the pulley transmission device is connected to the straw crushing device, the right power output shaft is connected to the side gear box, and the side gear box is connected to the uniform rotary burying device.

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