Preparation method and application of slow-release BB fertilizer on rice

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a slow-release BB fertilizer on rice, which comprises the following steps: mixing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers according to a formula ratio, gradually adding a slow-release agent, and mixing; carrying out granulation treatment on the mixed fertilizer mixture by using a tablet press; and carrying out drying treatment on the granulated fertilizer particles. Through preparation of the slow-release BB fertilizer, continuous release of nutrients can be realized, loss and waste of the nutrients are reduced, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the fertilization cost is reduced. The cost and time of manual fertilization are saved, and the agricultural production efficiency is improved. Compared with the traditional chemical fertilizer, the slow-release BB fertilizer generates less environmental pollution in the production and use processes, meets the requirements of sustainable agricultural development, and is beneficial to the protection and improvement of the ecological environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a preparation method and application of a slow-release BB fertilizer on rice. Background Art

[0002] Rice is one of the main food crops that humans depend on for survival. It feeds nearly half of the world's population.

[0003] (2.5 billion), it plays an important role in human survival and development. The rice planting area in the world accounts for 23% of the grain planting area and 29% of the total output. With the growth of population, it is estimated that by 2025, the global population dependent on rice will increase to 3.5 billion. At present, China is the world's largest rice producer and consumer. More than 60% of the population in my country eat rice as their staple food. The national rice planting area accounts for 20% of the world's planting area, and the output accounts for more than 30% of the world's total rice output, ranking first in the world. China's total rice output in 2009 is expected to reach

[0004] 195 million tons, which provides a safe guarantee for my country's food supply. At the same time, my country has always regarded improving the yield per unit area of ​​rice and the quality of rice as the main task of rice production. Fertilizer plays a vital role in rice cultivation. According to statistics, the yield-increasing effect of fertilizer accounts for 40% to 60% of the factors that increase crop yield. In addition to variety factors, the application of fertilizer is an important factor affecting rice quality. In addition to a large number of elements required during the growth and reproduction of rice, it directly affects the resistance of rice to stress, yield and rice quality. Rice "lack of micro" will cause poor growth of rice, reduced yield, increased incidence, easy to be attacked by pests and diseases, increase the use of pesticides, increase production costs and the risk of environmental pollution, and even if sufficient amounts of N, P, and K nutrients are used, a good harvest cannot be obtained. Since trace nutrients are mainly obtained from soil reserves, they are often overlooked by people, resulting in trace nutrient deficiency or potential deficiency. If they are not supplemented in time, it will seriously affect the full utilization of macronutrients and the further improvement of rice yield and quality. Therefore, it is very important to increase the application of trace element fertilizers.

[0005] At present, some preparation methods lead to uneven release of nutrients in slow-release BB fertilizers. Some particles may release too quickly, while some particles release too slowly, resulting in insufficient or excessive nutrient supply during rice growth. The expected slow-release effect cannot be achieved, resulting in the release of nutrients in the fertilizer in a short period of time, and the purpose of continuous supply cannot be achieved, which reduces the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer. Farmers or producers in some areas have limited knowledge of the preparation methods and technologies of slow-release BB fertilizers, lack scientific preparation guidance and practical experience, resulting in uneven quality of the slow-release BB fertilizers prepared. High technical investment and equipment costs are required, resulting in high production costs, making the price of slow-release BB fertilizers relatively expensive, which is not conducive to promotion and application. The chemical raw materials or additives used pose a risk of pollution to the environment. For example, some non-degradable synthetic materials may release harmful substances during the production process or use, affecting the soil and water quality environment. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the specification abstract and the invention title of this application to avoid blurring the purpose of this section, the specification abstract and the invention title, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0007] In view of the above problems and / or the problems existing in the existing method for preparing slow-release BB fertilizer on rice, the present invention is proposed.

[0008] Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is how to provide a method for preparing a slow-release BB fertilizer on rice.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a slow-release BB fertilizer on rice, which comprises mixing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers according to a formula ratio, gradually adding a slow-release agent, and mixing; granulating the mixed fertilizer mixture using a tablet press; and drying the granulated fertilizer particles.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the method for preparing the slow-release BB fertilizer on rice of the present invention, the nitrogen content is 20%-30%, the phosphorus content is 10%-15%, and the potassium content is 10%-20%.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing the slow-release BB fertilizer on rice of the present invention, the slow-release agent comprises a polymer, a resin and a biofilm.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the method for preparing the slow-release BB fertilizer on rice of the present invention, the polymer includes polyethylene, polypropylene and polylactic acid, with a content of 5%-20%, the resin includes urea-formaldehyde resin and urea-formaldehyde formaldehyde resin, with a content of 5%-30%, and the biofilm includes microorganisms and organic matter, with a content of 2%-15%.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the method for preparing the slow-release BB fertilizer on rice of the present invention, the granulation treatment includes pressure: 10-50MPa, rotation speed: 10-50rpm, mold aperture: 1-10mm, pre-compression amount: 10%-30% of the volume of the fertilizer mixture.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the method for preparing the slow-release BB fertilizer on rice of the present invention, the drying treatment includes a drying temperature of 50° C.-80° C., a drying time of 2 h-6 h, and a relative humidity of 30%-50%.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention can realize the continuous release of nutrients through the preparation of slow-release BB fertilizer, reduce the loss and waste of nutrients, improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, and reduce the cost of fertilization. The slow-release BB fertilizer can reduce the environmental pollution risk caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizers, reduce the chemical fertilizer residues in soil and water, and improve the environmental quality of rice growth. The continuous supply of nutrients can improve the nutrient absorption capacity of rice plants, enhance their stress resistance and resistance to pests and diseases, and improve the growth health of rice. The slow-release BB fertilizer can meet the nutrient requirements of rice at different stages of growth, promote rice growth and development, improve rice yield and quality, and enhance the market competitiveness of agricultural products. The use of slow-release BB fertilizer can reduce the number of fertilization times, reduce labor input, save the cost and time of artificial fertilization, and improve agricultural production efficiency. Compared with traditional chemical fertilizers, the slow-release BB fertilizer produces less environmental pollution during production and use, meets the requirements of sustainable agricultural development, and is conducive to the protection and improvement of the ecological environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor. Among them:

[0018] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of the preparation method of slow-release BB fertilizer on rice. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings of the specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary persons in the art without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0021] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0022] Reference Figure 1 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] A method for preparing a slow-release BB fertilizer on rice:

[0025] Mix nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers according to the formula ratio: 200 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 100 parts of phosphorus fertilizer and 100 parts of potassium fertilizer;

[0026] Gradually add 50 parts of sustained-release agent and mix;

[0027] The mixed fertilizer mixture is granulated using a tablet press, with a pressure of 10 MPa, a rotation speed of 10 rpm, a die aperture of 1 mm, and a pre-compression amount of 10% of the volume of the fertilizer mixture;

[0028] The granulated fertilizer granules are dried at a drying temperature of 50°C, a drying time of 2 hours, and a relative humidity of 30%.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] A method for preparing a slow-release BB fertilizer on rice:

[0031] Mix nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers according to the formula ratio: 230 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 110 parts of phosphorus fertilizer and 120 parts of potassium fertilizer;

[0032] Gradually add 80 parts of sustained-release agent and mix;

[0033] The mixed fertilizer mixture is granulated using a tablet press, with a pressure of 20 MPa, a rotation speed of 20 rpm, a die aperture of 2 mm, and a pre-compression amount of 15% of the volume of the fertilizer mixture;

[0034] The granulated fertilizer granules were dried at a drying temperature of 58°C, a drying time of 3h, and a relative humidity of 34%.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] A method for preparing a slow-release BB fertilizer on rice:

[0037] Mix nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers according to the formula ratio: 250 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 120 parts of phosphorus fertilizer and 140 parts of potassium fertilizer;

[0038] Gradually add 100 parts of sustained-release agent and mix;

[0039] The mixed fertilizer mixture was granulated using a tablet press, with a pressure of 30 MPa, a rotation speed of 30 rpm, a die aperture of 4 mm, and a pre-compression amount of 18% of the volume of the fertilizer mixture;

[0040] The granulated fertilizer granules were dried at a drying temperature of 63°C, a drying time of 4 hours, and a relative humidity of 35%.

[0041] Example 4

[0042] A method for preparing a slow-release BB fertilizer on rice:

[0043] Mix nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers according to the formula ratio: 270 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 130 parts of phosphorus fertilizer and 160 parts of potassium fertilizer;

[0044] Gradually add 120 parts of sustained-release agent and mix;

[0045] The mixed fertilizer mixture is granulated using a tablet press, with a pressure of 40 MPa, a rotation speed of 40 rpm, a die aperture of 6 mm, and a pre-compression amount of 23% of the volume of the fertilizer mixture;

[0046] The granulated fertilizer granules are dried at a drying temperature of 70°C, a drying time of 5 hours, and a relative humidity of 40%.

[0047] Example 5

[0048] A method for preparing a slow-release BB fertilizer on rice:

[0049] Mix nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers according to the formula ratio: 290 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 140 parts of phosphorus fertilizer and 180 parts of potassium fertilizer;

[0050] Gradually add 140 parts of sustained-release agent and mix;

[0051] The mixed fertilizer mixture was granulated using a tablet press, with a pressure of 50 MPa, a rotation speed of 50 rpm, a die aperture of 8 mm, and a pre-compression amount of 27% of the volume of the fertilizer mixture;

[0052] The granulated fertilizer granules are dried at a drying temperature of 75°C, a drying time of 6 hours, and a relative humidity of 45%.

[0053] Example 6

[0054] A method for preparing a slow-release BB fertilizer on rice:

[0055] Mix nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers according to the formula ratio: 300 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 150 parts of phosphorus fertilizer and 200 parts of potassium fertilizer;

[0056] Gradually add 150 parts of sustained-release agent and mix;

[0057] The mixed fertilizer mixture is granulated using a tablet press, with a pressure of 50 MPa, a rotation speed of 50 rpm, a die aperture of 10 mm, and a pre-compression amount of 30% of the volume of the fertilizer mixture;

[0058] The granulated fertilizer granules are dried at a drying temperature of 80°C, a drying time of 6 hours, and a relative humidity of 50%.

[0059] Example 7

[0060] Application test of a preparation method of slow-release BB fertilizer on rice:

[0061] 1. Two experiments were conducted in two fields where rice and wheat are planted all year round. The soil in the experimental fields was paddy soil (Field 1 was lake yellow mud field, Field 2 was tidal mud field), with a soil texture and medium to high fertility. The basic soil nutrient status of the experimental fields is shown in Table 1.

[0062]

[0063] 2. Tested crops and varieties

[0064] The rice varieties tested were "Xiushui 123" (Field No. 1) and "Nanjing 46" (Field No. 2). Field No. 1 was direct-seeded rice with a sowing date of June 17, and Field No. 2 was machine-transplanted rice, which was transplanted on the first day and harvested 5 months later. The previous crops were both wheat (all straw was returned to the field).

[0065] 3. Test fertilizer

[0066] The test fertilizers were 46% urea, 42% (26-6-10) rice-specific BB fertilizer, 45% Long March compound fertilizer, and 42% (30-6-6) rice slow-release BB fertilizer.

[0067] 4 Experimental design

[0068] The experiment set up two treatments, slow-release area and conventional area, without replication, and the specific fertilizer application amount was (see Table 2). Except for the different fertilization conditions, other agricultural operations and field management were consistent among the treatments.

[0069]

[0070] 5. Measurement items

[0071] According to the solar terms from Summer Solstice to White Dew, the condition of rice seedlings (Field 1 and Field 2) was investigated and the growth of rice was observed. At maturity, the yield components (number of effective panicles, number of grains per panicle, fruit setting rate, 1000-grain weight) and plant height were measured for each treatment, and actual cutting and measurement were carried out at the two test points.

[0072] 6. Impact on plant height

[0073] The plant height of each test point is shown in Table 3.

[0074]

[0075] The data in Table 3 show that the plant height in the conventional area of ​​the two pilot sites is higher than that in the slow-release area, and the difference is not obvious.

[0076] 7. Effect on the number of suckers per rice plant

[0077] According to the data in Table 4, the number of sprouts per plant in the slow-release area is higher than that in the normal area, indicating that the rice sprouts have better growth, but the difference between the two is not significant.

[0078]

[0079] 8. Impact on production structure

[0080] Effects on ear-grain structure The yield and structure analysis of each test point are shown in Table 5.

[0081]

[0082] As shown in Table 5, the effective ears of the two test points are slightly lower in the slow-release area than in the conventional area, while the number of filled grains and dry grain weight are higher than those in the conventional area, and the theoretical and actual yields are higher than those in the conventional area. The analysis shows that the slow-release fertilizer was applied as the base fertilizer in this experiment, and the fertilizer application was reduced once during the splitting period. Due to the characteristics of the slow-release fertilizer, it has the effect of slowly and evenly releasing nutrients, playing the role of nitrogen first and then use. In summary, the reasonable application of slow-release fertilizer, under the premise of having an appropriate number of effective ears, can significantly increase the number of filled grains per ear, increase the dry grain weight, and further optimize the ear-grain structure.

[0083] 9. Impact on production

[0084] As shown in Table 5, the yield of the slow-release area in the two pilots was relatively higher than that of the conventional area. The actual yield of the No. 1 field pilot was 18.97 kg / mu higher than that of the conventional area, an increase of 3.2%. The actual yield of the No. 2 field test point was 46.56 kg / mu higher than that of the conventional area, an increase of 7.7%. The analysis shows that the slight difference in the increase in yield may be due to factors such as different fertilization methods and fertilizer ratio properties, soil fertility conditions, etc.

[0085] 10.Benefit analysis

[0086] Economic Benefits

[0087]

[0088] Note: This experiment only considers the cost of fertilizers. The fertilizer price is 3.6 yuan / kg for slow-release fertilizer, 1.85 yuan / kg for urea, 2.15 yuan / kg for BB fertilizer, 2 yuan / kg for 45% compound fertilizer, 2 yuan / kg for labor, 25 yuan / mu per time, and the purchase price of rice is 3.1 yuan / kg.

[0089] As shown in Table 6, although the cost of slow-release fertilizer technology is relatively high, the fertilizer cost increases by 26.55 yuan / mu compared with the conventional area, but applying fertilizer twice less can save 50 yuan / mu in labor costs. The slow-release area in Field No. 1 saves 82.26 yuan and increases efficiency by 167.79 yuan compared with the conventional area. The average efficiency increase of the two pilot areas is 125.03 yuan / mu.

[0090] 11. Ecological Benefits

[0091] Slow-release fertilizer, with its characteristic of slowly and evenly releasing nutrients, can effectively meet the fertilizer absorption and fertilizer requirement patterns of rice crops throughout their entire growth period. Therefore, the amount of fertilizer used per mu in the slow-release area is 8.1 kg (pure amount) less than that in the conventional area, a reduction of 23.4%. This has reduced the waste of fertilizer in crop production to a certain extent, effectively improved the efficiency of fertilizer utilization, and is of great and positive significance to reducing agricultural environmental pollution.

[0092] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a slow-release BB fertilizer on rice, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Mix nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers according to the formula ratio, gradually add slow-release agent, and mix; Step 2: Use a tablet press to granulate the mixed fertilizer mixture; Step 3: Dry the granulated fertilizer granules.

2. The method for preparing the slow-release BB fertilizer on rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen content is 20%-30%, the phosphorus content is 10%-15%, and the potassium content is 10%-20%.

3. The method for preparing the slow-release BB fertilizer on rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sustained-release agents include polymers, resins and biofilms.

4. The method for preparing the slow-release BB fertilizer on rice as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The polymer includes polyethylene, polypropylene and polylactic acid, with a content of 5%-20%. The resin includes urea-formaldehyde resin and urea-formaldehyde-formaldehyde resin, with a content of 5%-30%. The biofilm includes microorganisms and organic substances, with a content of 2%-15%.

5. The method for preparing the slow-release BB fertilizer on rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: The granulation process includes pressure: 10-50 MPa, rotation speed: 10-50 rpm, die aperture: 1-10 mm, pre-compression amount: 10%-30% of the volume of the fertilizer mixture.

6. The method for preparing the slow-release BB fertilizer on rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying process includes a drying temperature of 50° C. to 80° C., a drying time of 2 h to 6 h, and a relative humidity of 30% to 50%.

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