Soil erosion detection device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil erosion detection device and method, and belongs to the technical field of soil detection. A soil erosion detection device comprises a base and further comprises a stand column fixedly connected to the base, lifting equipment is fixedly installed on the stand column, a lifting table is installed on the lifting equipment, a swing plate is rotationally connected to the lifting table through a rotating shaft, and an inclined part for driving the swing plate to swing is arranged on the lifting table; the vertical shaft is fixedly connected to the lower end of the swing plate, two arc-shaped plates which are symmetrically arranged are rotationally installed on the vertical shaft, when the two arc-shaped plates are closed mutually, the two arc-shaped plates are combined to form a vertical pipe, and an opening and closing part for driving the two arc-shaped plates to be closed or unfolded mutually is arranged on the swing plate; according to the invention, the cylindrical soil can present the internal erosion condition in a two-half manner, and at the moment, the soil erosion detection accuracy can be improved by observing and measuring the expanded soil section.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil detection, and in particular to a soil erosion detection device and method. Background Art

[0002] Soil erosion detection is carried out through a variety of technologies and methods, including field investigation and monitoring (such as visual assessment, profile measurement), runoff plot experiments, the application of sediment traps, remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) analysis, physical and chemical index determination (using probes to detect the content of specific elements in soil samples), mathematical model prediction (such as USLE, RUSLE), the use of drones and LiDAR technology, and the establishment of long-term monitoring stations. These methods, used alone or in combination, can effectively identify, quantify and predict the extent and trend of soil erosion, and provide a scientific basis for the protection and management of land resources. Among them, visual assessment, profile measurement and physical and chemical index determination are relatively simple and common.

[0003] In the prior art, in order to detect soil erosion at different depths, it is necessary to take soil samples at different depths. The soil sampling tools used in the soil sampling process will cut the soil, causing the soil shape and density to change. The soil density at different depths will be different, which is also a phenomenon after soil erosion. At this time, the soil erosion data may be destroyed, which will seriously affect the accuracy of soil erosion detection. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem in the prior art that the accuracy of soil erosion detection is difficult to ensure, and to propose a soil erosion detection device and method.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A soil erosion detection device comprises a base, and also comprises: a column fixedly connected to the base, wherein a lifting device is fixedly installed on the column, a lifting platform is installed on the lifting device, a swing plate is rotatably connected to the lifting platform via a rotating shaft, and an inclined portion for driving the swing plate to swing is provided on the lifting platform; a vertical shaft fixedly connected to the lower end of the swing plate, wherein two symmetrically arranged arc plates are rotatably installed on the vertical shaft, when the two arc plates are closed to each other, the two arc plates are combined into a vertical tube, and an opening and closing portion for driving the two arc plates to close or expand to each other is provided on the swing plate; a plurality of detection rods facing between the two arc plates are arranged below the swing plate, and a reciprocating portion for driving the detection rods to reciprocate and move horizontally is provided on the swing plate.

[0007] In order to automatically swing the swing plate, preferably, the tilting part includes a first rotating rod rotatably connected to the lifting platform, the first rotating rod and the rotating shaft are connected by a first worm gear assembly, a first gear is fixedly mounted on the first rotating rod, and a spur rack is fixedly connected to the top of the column, and when the first gear follows the lifting platform to move upward to the extreme position, the first gear rolls along the spur rack.

[0008] In order to make the two arc plates open and close automatically, preferably, the opening and closing part includes a second rotating rod rotatably connected to the swing plate, a second gear is fixedly installed on the lower end of the second rotating rod, and an arc gear meshing with the second gear is fixedly connected to the arc plate, wherein a third rotating rod and a fourth rotating rod are rotatably connected to the swing plate, the third rotating rod and the second rotating rod are connected by a second worm gear assembly, the third rotating rod and the fourth rotating rod are connected by a chain transmission assembly, and the lifting platform is provided with a linkage part that drives the fourth rotating rod to rotate.

[0009] In order to enable the fourth rotating rod to rotate automatically, the linkage part further comprises a third gear fixedly mounted on the fourth rotating rod, and an arc-shaped rack meshingly connected with the third gear is fixedly mounted on the lifting platform.

[0010] In order to enable the detection rod to be automatically inserted into the soil to complete the detection, preferably, the reciprocating part includes a slide groove arranged on the swing plate, a slider is slidably installed in the slide groove, a vertical rod is installed on the slider, the detection rod is fixedly installed on the vertical rod, and the swing plate is provided with a pushing part for driving the slider to slide in the slide groove.

[0011] In order to automatically drive the slider to slide in the slide groove, the pushing part further includes a connecting rod eccentrically rotatably connected to the worm wheel in the second worm gear assembly, and the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the slider.

[0012] In order to prevent the vertical rod from following the arc plate into the soil, further, a longitudinal groove is provided on the sliding block, the vertical rod is longitudinally slidably installed in the longitudinal groove, the top of the vertical rod is fixedly connected to a top plate, and a return spring is installed between the top plate and the swing plate.

[0013] In order to allow the soil to be better propped up, further, a strip plate is fixedly connected to the vertical rod, the axial cross-section of the strip plate is triangular, and the detection rod is fixedly mounted on the pointed cone end of the strip plate.

[0014] In order to prevent the arc-shaped plate from being blocked by the base, preferably, a through hole is provided on the base, and when the arc-shaped plate moves downward, the arc-shaped plate passes through the through hole.

[0015] A soil erosion detection method, the operating steps are as follows:

[0016] Step 1: insert two mutually closed arc plates into the soil;

[0017] Step 2: Pull out the soil from the curved plate after taking out the soil;

[0018] Step 3: When the curved plate is completely moved to the top of the base, the two curved plates are tilted at the same time and opened to each other;

[0019] Step 4: Insert the detection rod into the soil to detect the element content of the soil and split the soil into two halves;

[0020] Step 5: Perform a visual assessment and profile measurement of the soil within the opening.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a soil erosion detection device, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The soil erosion detection device drives the first gear to roll along the spur rack through the lowering platform, the first gear drives the first rotating rod to rotate, the rotating shaft drives the swing plate to swing, and the swing plate drives the two arc plates to tilt, so as to facilitate the subsequent soil detection.

[0023] 2. The soil erosion detection device drives the third gear to roll along the arc-shaped rack through the swing plate, and the second gear drives the two arc-shaped gears to rotate, and the two arc-shaped gears drive the two arc-shaped plates to rotate around the vertical axis, so that the vertical tube composed of the two arc-shaped plates is in an open state, thereby facilitating the viewing and detection of soil samples at different depths.

[0024] 3. The soil erosion detection device drives the slider to slide back and forth in the slide groove once through the connecting rod based on the principle of the crank slider mechanism, that is, the slider drives the vertical rod and the detection rod to move in the direction of the two arc plates and then move in the opposite direction to reset. The detection rod can detect the content of specific elements in the soil and the pressure of the soil, so as to facilitate the judgment of the soil density and then facilitate the preliminary conclusion of the soil erosion situation.

[0025] 4. The soil erosion detection device inserts multiple detection rods from the side of the soil, and the columnar soil will be stretched open, so that the columnar soil will present the internal erosion situation in two halves, while the soil not touched by the detection rods maintains its original state. At this time, the accuracy of soil erosion detection can be improved by observing and measuring the stretched soil section. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the isometric structure of a soil erosion detection device proposed by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a soil erosion detection device proposed by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the isometric structure of a soil erosion detection device proposed by the present invention in use;

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the partial axonometric structure of a soil erosion detection device proposed by the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the partial axonometric structure of a soil erosion detection device proposed by the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0031] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the partial axonometric structure of a soil erosion detection device proposed by the present invention Figure 3 ;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the axonometric structure of a lifting platform of a soil erosion detection device proposed by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the axonometric structure of a curved plate of a soil erosion detection device proposed by the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: 1. base; 2. column; 3. lifting device; 4. lifting platform; 5. rotating shaft; 6. swing plate; 7. vertical shaft; 8. arc plate; 9. first rotating rod; 10. first worm gear assembly; 11. first gear; 12. spur rack; 13. second rotating rod; 14. second gear; 15. arc gear; 16. third rotating rod; 17. second worm gear assembly; 18. fourth rotating rod; 19. chain transmission assembly; 20. third gear; 21. arc rack; 22. slide groove; 23. slider; 24. longitudinal groove; 25. vertical rod; 26. top plate; 27. spring; 28. detection rod; 29. ​​strip plate; 30. connecting rod; 31. through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0037] Embodiment 1:

[0038] Reference Figure 1-Figure 8 A soil erosion detection device includes a base 1 for supporting the entire device, and also includes: a column 2 perpendicular to the base 1, fixedly connected to the base 1, wherein a lifting device 3 is fixedly installed on the column 2, and a lifting platform 4 is installed on the lifting device 3. The lifting device 3 drives the lifting platform 4 to move up and down. The lifting device 3 can be a hydraulic cylinder, and a swing plate 6 is rotatably connected to the lifting platform 4 through a rotating shaft 5. When the rotating shaft 5 rotates on the lifting platform 4, the rotating shaft 5 can drive the swing plate 6 to swing, and the lifting platform 4 is provided with an inclined portion for driving the swing plate 6 to swing; a vertical shaft 7 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the swing plate 6, wherein two symmetrically arranged arc plates 8 are rotatably installed on the vertical shaft 7. When the two arc plates are rotated, the vertical shaft 7 is rotated to move the vertical shaft 7. When the plates 8 are closed to each other, the two arc-shaped plates 8 are combined into a vertical tube for sampling. The inner wall of the arc-shaped plate 8 is provided with anti-slip grooves for increasing friction. The swing plate 6 is provided with an opening and closing portion for driving the two arc-shaped plates 8 to close or unfold each other; a plurality of detection rods 28 are directed toward between the two arc-shaped plates 8. The detection rod 28 is in the shape of a long rod, and a detection probe and a pressure sensor connected to a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer are provided at the end thereof. The number of the detection rods 28 is 6 to 26, and the preferred number in this application is 20, which are arranged below the swing plate 6. The swing plate 6 is provided with a reciprocating portion for driving the detection rod 28 to reciprocate and move horizontally. A through hole 31 is provided on the base 1. When the arc-shaped plate 8 moves downward, the arc-shaped plate 8 will pass through the through hole 31.

[0039] Specifically, when in use, the lifting platform 4 is driven downward by the lifting device 3, and the lifting platform 4 will drive the two mutually closed arc plates 8 to move downward through the swing plate 6. The two arc plates 8 will be combined into a vertical tube for sampling and inserted into the soil, and then the vertical tube composed of the two arc plates 8 is driven upward by the lifting device 3 to reset until the lifting platform 4 moves to the top of the column 2, and the soil sampling work can be quickly completed. In order to increase the speed of inserting the arc plate 8 into the soil, the lifting platform 4 can be driven to lift and lower back and forth by the lifting device 3, so that the lifting platform 4 applies a downward impact force to the arc plate 8, so that the arc plate 8 can be gradually inserted into the soil in an impact manner.

[0040] When the lifting platform 4 is about to approach the top of the column 2, the swinging part will drive the swinging plate 6 to swing, and the swinging plate 6 will drive the two arc plates 8 to tilt, so as to facilitate the subsequent detection of the soil, and the opening and closing part will drive the two arc plates 8 to rotate around the vertical axis 7, so that the vertical tube composed of the two arc plates 8 is in an open state, so as to facilitate the inspection and detection of soil samples at different depths. The reciprocating part will drive the detection rod 28 to move in the direction of the two arc plates 8 and then move in the opposite direction to reset. When the detection rod 28 moves in the direction of the arc plates 8, multiple detection rods 28 will be inserted into the soil sample, and the detection rod 28 can detect the content of specific elements in the soil. content, and soil pressure, so as to determine the density of the soil, and then to preliminarily determine the soil erosion situation. The detection rods 28 located at different heights can detect soils at different depths. When multiple detection rods 28 are inserted from the side of the soil, the columnar soil will be stretched open. Of course, the two arc-shaped plates 8 opened to each other will also replicate the soil stretching. Therefore, the columnar soil will present the internal erosion situation in two halves, while the soil not touched by the detection rods 28 maintains its original state. At this time, by observing and measuring the stretched soil section, the accuracy of soil erosion detection can be improved.

[0041] Embodiment 2:

[0042] Reference Figure 1-Figure 7 , which is basically the same as the first embodiment, and further discloses a specific implementation scheme of the inclined portion.

[0043] The above-mentioned inclined portion includes a first rotating rod 9 rotatably connected to the lifting platform 4. The first rotating rod 9 is connected to the rotating shaft 5 through a first worm gear assembly 10. The first worm gear assembly 10 consists of two mutually meshing worms and worm wheels. A first gear 11 is fixedly mounted on the first rotating rod 9. A spur rack 12 is fixedly connected to the top of the column 2. When the first gear 11 moves upward to the extreme position following the lifting platform 4, the first gear 11 rolls along the spur rack 12.

[0044] Specifically, when the lifting platform 4 is about to approach the top of the column 2, the lifting platform 4 will drive the first gear 11 to roll along the spur rack 12, and the first gear 11 will drive the first rotating rod 9 to rotate, and the first rotating rod 9 will drive the rotating shaft 5 to rotate through the first worm gear assembly 10, and the rotating shaft 5 will drive the swing plate 6 to swing, and the swing plate 6 will drive the two arc plates 8 to tilt, so as to facilitate subsequent soil detection, and when the lifting platform 4 moves downward, the spur rack 12 will reverse the first gear 11, thereby driving the swing plate 6 to return to its initial state, and the swing plate 6 will make the two arc plates 8 perpendicular to the ground.

[0045] Embodiment three:

[0046] Reference Figure 4-Figure 8, which is basically the same as the second embodiment, and furthermore, specifically discloses a specific implementation scheme of the opening and closing part.

[0047] The above-mentioned opening and closing part includes a second rotating rod 13 rotatably connected to the swing plate 6, a second gear 14 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the second rotating rod 13, and an arc gear 15 meshing with the second gear 14 is fixedly connected to the arc plate 8, wherein a third rotating rod 16 and a fourth rotating rod 18 are rotatably connected to the swing plate 6, the third rotating rod 16 and the second rotating rod 13 are connected through a second worm gear assembly 17, the second worm gear assembly 17 mainly consists of two mutually meshing worms and worm wheels, the third rotating rod 16 and the fourth rotating rod 18 are connected through a chain transmission assembly 19, and a linkage part for driving the fourth rotating rod 18 to rotate is provided on the lifting platform 4; the linkage part includes a third gear 20 fixedly installed on the fourth rotating rod 18, and an arc rack 21 meshing with the third gear 20 is fixedly installed on the lifting platform 4.

[0048] Specifically, during the swinging of the swinging plate 6, the swinging plate 6 will drive the third gear 20 to roll along the arc-shaped rack 21, and the third gear 20 will drive the fourth rotating rod 18 to rotate, and the fourth rotating rod 18 will drive the third rotating rod 16 to rotate through the chain transmission assembly 19, and the third rotating rod 16 will drive the second rotating rod 13 to rotate through the second worm gear assembly 17, and the second rotating rod 13 will drive the second gear 14 to rotate, and the second gear 14 will drive the two arc-shaped gears 15 to rotate, and the two arc-shaped gears 15 will drive the two arc-shaped plates 8 to rotate around the vertical axis 7, so that the vertical tube composed of the two arc-shaped plates 8 is in an open state, so as to facilitate the viewing and detection of soil samples at different depths, and when the lifting platform 4 moves downward, the first gear 11 will roll in the opposite direction along the straight rack 12, so that the two arc-shaped plates 8 will close to each other before being inserted into the soil, so as to facilitate the subsequent soil extraction work.

[0049] Embodiment 4:

[0050] Reference Figure 1-Figure 8 , which is basically the same as Example 3, and further discloses a specific implementation scheme of the reciprocating part.

[0051] The above-mentioned reciprocating part includes a slide groove 22 arranged on the swing plate 6, a slider 23 is slidably installed in the slide groove 22, a vertical rod 25 is installed on the slider 23, and a detection rod 28 is fixedly installed on the vertical rod 25. The swing plate 6 is provided with a pushing part for driving the slider 23 to slide in the slide groove 22; the pushing part includes an eccentrically rotatably connected to the worm wheel in the second worm gear assembly 17. The other end of the connecting rod 30 is rotatably connected to the slider 23.

[0052] Specifically, when the worm wheel in the second worm gear assembly 17 rotates, the worm wheel will drive the slider 23 to slide back and forth once in the slide groove 22 through the connecting rod 30 according to the principle of the crank slider mechanism, that is, the slider 23 will drive the vertical rod 25 and the detection rod 28 to move in the direction of the two arc plates 8 and then move in the opposite direction to reset. When the detection rod 28 moves in the direction of the arc plate 8, multiple detection rods 28 will be inserted into the soil sample. The detection rod 28 can detect the content of specific elements in the soil and the pressure of the soil, so as to facilitate the judgment of the density of the soil. degree, so as to facilitate the preliminary conclusion of the soil erosion situation. The detection rods 28 located at different heights can detect the soil at different depths. When multiple detection rods 28 are inserted from the side of the soil, the columnar soil will be stretched open. Of course, the two arc-shaped plates 8 opened to each other will also replicate the soil stretching. Therefore, the columnar soil will present the internal erosion situation in two halves, while the soil not touched by the detection rods 28 maintains its original state. At this time, by observing and measuring the stretched soil section, the accuracy of soil erosion detection can be improved.

[0053] The slider 23 is provided with a longitudinal groove 24 , and a vertical rod 25 is longitudinally slidably installed in the longitudinal groove 24 . A top plate 26 is fixedly connected to the top of the vertical rod 25 , and a return spring 27 is installed between the top plate 26 and the swing plate 6 .

[0054] Specifically, when the lifting platform 4 drives the swing plate 6 to move downward, the lifting platform 4 will also drive the vertical rod 25 to move downward. When the lower end of the vertical rod 25 presses against the base 1, the vertical rod 25 will be limited by the base 1. At this time, the swing plate 6 that continues to move downward will cause the vertical rod 25 to slide upward in the longitudinal groove 24, and the spring 27 will be stretched by the top plate 26. When the lifting platform 4 moves upward to reset, the spring 27 will elastically reset and pull the vertical rod 25 to move downward in the longitudinal groove 24 to reset. That is to say, when the arc plate 8 is inserted into the soil for sampling, the vertical rod 25 will be on the upper end surface of the base 1, instead of following the arc plate 8 to be inserted into the soil.

[0055] A strip plate 29 is fixedly connected to the vertical rod 25, and the axial cross-section of the strip plate 29 is triangular. The detection rod 28 is fixedly installed at the pointed cone end of the strip plate 29. Therefore, when the vertical rod 25 moves toward the arc plate 8 and after the detection rod 28 is inserted into the soil, the strip plate 29 with a triangular cross-section will also be inserted into the soil, so that the soil can be better expanded. In order to prevent the strip plate 29 from destroying a large area of ​​the cross-section of the soil, the insertion depth of the strip plate 29 is one-fourth of the diameter of the columnar soil, and the insertion depth of the detection rod 28 is half of the diameter of the columnar soil; and when the soil cannot be expanded due to high humidity or excessive mud and water, the detection personnel can manually expand the columnar soil that is about to be expanded.

[0056] A soil erosion detection method, the operating steps are as follows:

[0057] Step 1: insert two mutually closed arc plates 8 into the soil;

[0058] Step 2: Pull out the soil from the curved plate 8 after taking out the soil;

[0059] Step 3: When the arc-shaped plate 8 is completely moved to the top of the base 1, the two arc-shaped plates 8 are tilted at the same time and opened to each other;

[0060] Step 4: insert the detection rod 28 into the soil to detect the element content of the soil and split the soil into two halves;

[0061] Step 5: Perform a visual assessment and profile measurement of the soil within the opening.

[0062] When the present soil erosion detection device is in use, the lifting platform 4 is driven downward by the lifting device 3, and the lifting platform 4 will drive the two mutually closed arc plates 8 to move downward through the swing plate 6, and the two arc plates 8 will be combined into a vertical tube for sampling and inserted into the soil, and then the vertical tube composed of the two arc plates 8 is driven upward by the lifting device 3 to reset until the lifting platform 4 moves to the top of the column 2, so that the soil sampling work can be quickly completed. When the lifting platform 4 is about to approach the top of the column 2, the lifting platform 4 will drive the first gear 11 to roll along the spur rack 12, and the first gear 11 will drive the first rotating rod 9 to rotate, and the first rotating rod 9 will drive the rotating shaft 5 to rotate through the first worm gear assembly 10, and the rotating shaft 5 will drive the swing plate 6 to swing, and the swing plate 6 will drive the two arc plates 8 to tilt, so as to facilitate subsequent soil detection.

[0063] During the swinging of the swinging plate 6, the swinging plate 6 will drive the third gear 20 to roll along the arc rack 21, and the third gear 20 will drive the fourth rotating rod 18 to rotate. The fourth rotating rod 18 will drive the third rotating rod 16 to rotate through the chain transmission assembly 19, and the third rotating rod 16 will drive the second rotating rod 13 to rotate through the second worm gear assembly 17, and the second rotating rod 13 will drive the second gear 14 to rotate, and the second gear 14 will drive the two arc gears 15 to rotate, and the two arc gears 15 will drive the two arc plates 8 to rotate around the vertical axis 7, so that the vertical pipe composed of the two arc plates 8 is in an open state, so as to facilitate the viewing and detection of soil samples at different depths. When the lifting platform 4 moves downward, the first gear 11 will roll in the opposite direction along the straight rack 12, so that the two arc plates 8 will close to each other before being inserted into the soil, so as to facilitate the subsequent soil extraction work.

[0064] When the worm wheel in the second worm gear assembly 17 rotates, the worm wheel will drive the slider 23 to slide back and forth once in the slide groove 22 through the connecting rod 30 according to the principle of the crank slider mechanism, that is, the slider 23 will drive the vertical rod 25 and the detection rod 28 to move in the direction of the two arc plates 8 and then move in the opposite direction to reset. When the detection rod 28 moves in the direction of the arc plate 8, multiple detection rods 28 will be inserted into the soil sample. The detection rod 28 can detect the content of specific elements in the soil and the pressure of the soil, so as to facilitate the determination of the density of the soil, and then facilitate the preliminary conclusion of the soil erosion situation. The detection rods 28 located at different heights can detect soils of different depths. When multiple detection rods 28 are inserted from the side of the soil, the columnar soil will be stretched open. Of course, the two arc plates 8 opened to each other will also replicate the soil stretching, so that the columnar soil will present the internal erosion situation in two halves, while the soil not contacted by the detection rod 28 maintains its original state. At this time, by observing and measuring the stretched soil section, the accuracy of soil erosion detection can be improved.

[0065] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil erosion detection device, comprising a base (1), characterized in that: Also includes: A column (2) is fixedly connected to the base (1). Wherein, a lifting device (3) is fixedly mounted on the column (2), a lifting platform (4) is mounted on the lifting device (3), a swing plate (6) is rotatably connected to the lifting platform (4) via a rotating shaft (5), and an inclined portion for driving the swing plate (6) to swing is provided on the lifting platform (4); A vertical shaft (7) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the swing plate (6). Wherein, two symmetrically arranged arc-shaped plates (8) are rotatably mounted on the vertical shaft (7); when the two arc-shaped plates (8) are closed to each other, the two arc-shaped plates (8) are combined into a vertical tube; and an opening and closing portion for driving the two arc-shaped plates (8) to close or unfold to each other is provided on the swing plate (6); A plurality of detection rods (28) facing between the two arc-shaped plates (8) are arranged below the swing plate (6), and a reciprocating portion for driving the detection rods (28) to reciprocate is provided on the swing plate (6).

2. A soil erosion detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tilting portion comprises a first rotating rod (9) rotatably connected to the lifting platform (4); the first rotating rod (9) is connected to the rotating shaft (5) via a first worm gear assembly (10); a first gear (11) is fixedly mounted on the first rotating rod (9); a spur rack (12) is fixedly connected to the top of the column (2); when the first gear (11) moves upward to an extreme position following the lifting platform (4), the first gear (11) rolls along the spur rack (12).

3. A soil erosion detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening and closing portion comprises a second rotating rod (13) rotatably connected to the swing plate (6), a second gear (14) being fixedly mounted on the lower end of the second rotating rod (13), and an arc-shaped gear (15) meshing with the second gear (14) being fixedly connected to the arc-shaped plate (8). The swing plate (6) is rotatably connected to a third rotating rod (16) and a fourth rotating rod (18); the third rotating rod (16) and the second rotating rod (13) are connected via a second worm gear assembly (17); the third rotating rod (16) and the fourth rotating rod (18) are connected via a chain transmission assembly (19); and a linkage part for driving the fourth rotating rod (18) to rotate is provided on the lifting platform (4).

4. A soil erosion detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The linkage part comprises a third gear (20) fixedly mounted on a fourth rotating rod (18), and an arc-shaped rack (21) meshingly connected with the third gear (20) is fixedly mounted on the lifting platform (4).

5. A soil erosion detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reciprocating part comprises a slide groove (22) arranged on the swing plate (6), a slider (23) is slidably installed in the slide groove (22), a vertical rod (25) is installed on the slider (23), the detection rod (28) is fixedly installed on the vertical rod (25), and a pushing part for driving the slider (23) to slide in the slide groove (22) is provided on the swing plate (6).

6. A soil erosion detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pushing part comprises a connecting rod (30) eccentrically rotatably connected to a worm wheel in a second worm gear assembly (17), and the other end of the connecting rod (30) is rotatably connected to a slider (23).

7. A soil erosion detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The slider (23) is provided with a longitudinal groove (24), the vertical rod (25) is longitudinally slidably installed in the longitudinal groove (24), the top of the vertical rod (25) is fixedly connected with a top plate (26), and a return spring (27) is installed between the top plate (26) and the swing plate (6).

8. A soil erosion detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A strip plate (29) is fixedly connected to the vertical rod (25), the axial cross-section of the strip plate (29) is triangular, and the detection rod (28) is fixedly mounted on the pointed cone end of the strip plate (29).

9. A soil erosion detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (1) is provided with a through hole (31), and when the arc-shaped plate (8) moves downward, the arc-shaped plate (8) passes through the through hole (31).

10. A soil erosion detection method, comprising a soil erosion detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps are as follows: Step 1: inserting two mutually closed arc-shaped plates (8) into the soil; Step 2: Pull out the soil from the curved plate (8) after taking out the soil; Step 3: When the arc-shaped plate (8) is completely moved to the top of the base (1), the two arc-shaped plates (8) are tilted and opened to each other at the same time; Step 4: inserting the detection rod (28) into the soil to detect the element content of the soil and splitting the soil into two halves; Step 5: Perform a visual assessment and profile measurement of the soil within the opening.

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