Buried gas pipeline leakage soil deformation cavitation area monitoring device and method
By designing a soil deformation cavitation area monitoring device for leaks from buried gas pipelines, the problem of difficult observation and measurement of soil cavitation areas caused by leaks from buried gas pipelines is solved, and effective observation and measurement of soil cavitation areas are achieved, and the reliability and efficiency of the experiment are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510146562.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-11
AI Technical Summary
The soil cavitation area caused by leaks in buried gas pipelines is difficult to observe and measure, and there are problems such as difficulty in observation and difficult measurement.
A monitoring device for the deformation cavitation area of the soil leaking through buried gas pipelines is designed, including sliding box, blade transmission device, soil cutting blade, fixed box, buried pipeline and cavitation area casting pipeline. The formation process of the soil cavitation area and the steady-state soil cavitation area are directly observed through the transient observation surface and the steady-state observation leakage port.
Effective observation and measurement of soil cavitation areas caused by leaks in buried gas pipelines is achieved, which reduces experimental errors, provides a variety of observation methods, and improves the reliability and efficiency of the experiment.
Smart Images
Figure CN119804831A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to a buried gas pipeline leakage monitoring device in the field of oil and gas storage and transportation engineering, in particular to a buried gas pipeline leakage soil deformation cavitation area monitoring device and method. Background Art
[0002] As an important part of the global energy structure, natural gas has always been favored by countries around the world for its high calorific value, pollution-free combustion products, wide applicability, and low carbon emissions. With the increasing greenhouse effect, natural gas is undoubtedly an important part of the transformation of the energy structure of various countries. Pipeline transportation is the main mode of transportation of natural gas. As of 2023, the total mileage of existing natural gas pipelines in the world has reached 1.36 million kilometers, and 67,600 kilometers of pipelines are under construction. Since 2014, the total mileage of my country's natural gas pipelines has increased from 59,000 kilometers to 124,000 kilometers.
[0003] Most natural gas pipelines are buried pipelines. The underground soil environment is complex and changeable. The pipelines are very susceptible to chemical corrosion caused by various acids, alkali substances and soil moisture in the soil. In addition, the leakage is located inside the soil, which makes it more difficult to monitor the leakage accident. Compared with other buried pipelines such as water supply and drainage pipelines and power pipelines, buried natural gas pipelines are very likely to cause fires or explosions after pipeline leakage due to the flammability and rapid diffusion characteristics of natural gas, causing incalculable casualties and property. Therefore, studying the leakage and diffusion process of natural gas in the soil is a key part of reducing the hazards of buried gas pipeline leakage. Existing experimental devices related to buried gas pipeline leakage often ignore the changes in the internal structure of the soil caused by gas leakage. After the leakage of the buried gas pipeline occurs, the erosion of the soil by the high-pressure gas in the pipe will change the soil morphology, forming a soil cavitation area near the leakage port, thereby affecting the natural gas leakage process. The soil cavitation area caused by pipeline leakage is located inside the soil, which is difficult to observe and measure. Summary of the invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a monitoring device for soil deformation and cavitation areas caused by leakage of a buried gas pipeline. The monitoring device for soil deformation and cavitation areas caused by leakage of a buried gas pipeline is used to solve the problem of observing and measuring soil cavitation areas caused by leakage of a buried pipeline.
[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: the buried gas pipeline leakage soil deformation cavitation area monitoring device comprises a sliding box, a blade transmission device, a soil cutting blade, a fixed box, a buried pipeline and a cavitation area pouring pipeline, the sliding box is provided with a pouring inlet on the axial outer shell of the pipeline, the soil cutting blade is fixed on the longitudinal opening side of the sliding box, the blade transmission device drives the soil cutting blade to move up and down along the longitudinal opening side of the sliding box to cut the soil, the bottom of the sliding box is provided with an outer pulley and an inner pulley, the bottom plate of the fixed box is provided with an extension platform, the extension platform is provided with two inner pulley tracks, when the outer pulley of the sliding box is pushed to move, the inner pulley slides along the extension platform toward the fixed box. , until the sliding box body and the fixed box body are aligned together, the sliding box body and the fixed box body are fastened to form a detachable box body with an open upper opening, the sliding box body pipe casing and the fixed box body pipe casing are buckled together to form a buried pipe casing, the inlet end of the buried pipe casing is located directly below the pouring inlet, and the two sides of the buried pipe casing are soil bearing plates; the fixed box body pipe casing is provided with a directional opening in the vertical direction, the directional opening is semicircular, the directional opening diameter edge coincides with the fixed box body shell surface, the contacting shell surface is set as a transient observation surface, the transient observation surface is made of tempered glass, and a soil protection net is provided on the connection surface between the fixed box body and the sliding box body, and the bottom of the soil protection net is kept at a certain distance from the directional opening on the sliding box body pipe casing; During the transient process observation phase, the buried pipeline is placed in the buried pipeline casing, the steady-state observation leak port and the transient observation leak port of the buried pipeline are matched with the corresponding directional ports, the leak port is surrounded by the directional ports, and gas is input into the buried pipeline. After the pipeline leak occurs, the formation process of the soil cavitation area is observed and recorded through the transient observation surface of the fixed box; During the observation phase of the steady-state soil cavitation area, after the soil cavitation area formed by the erosion of the leaking gas forms a steady-state soil cavitation area, stop the gas supply and remove the buried pipe; if pouring is not chosen, use the soil cutting blade to make a central cut on the steady-state soil cavitation area, and directly observe the formed steady-state soil cavitation area through the soil cutting surface of the fixed box; if pouring is chosen, place the cavitation area pouring pipe into the buried pipe casing, fill and fix the soil cavitation area, and then make a central cut on the steady-state soil cavitation area, and finally directly observe the formed steady-state soil cavitation area through the soil cutting surface of the fixed box.
[0006] In the above scheme, a cutting blade slide is provided on the sliding box body, and the cutting blade slide is distributed on both sides of the box body and the soil load-bearing plate, and the inner boundary of the cutting blade slide is located in the same vertical plane as the center point of the directional opening; the blade transmission device is fixed to the sliding box body through a transmission bracket, and the bracket fastening hole is connected to the sliding box body positioning platform by screws, and a turbine rocker is provided on one side of the worm rod, and the worm rod is meshed with the transmission gear just above the worm rod, and the transmission gear and the feed gear are coaxial gears, and the feed gear is meshed with the soil cutting blade; the fastening holes of the fixed box body are distributed in the same manner as the fastening holes of the sliding box body, the fixed box body and the sliding box body are connected by bolts and nuts, and the soil load-bearing plate is connected to the bottom of the box body through a reinforcing frame.
[0007] In the above scheme, two groups of leakage port combinations are provided on the buried pipeline, namely steady-state observation leakage ports and transient observation leakage ports. One group of leakage port combinations has four circular leakage ports, the centers of the four circular leakage ports are located in the same vertical plane, the normal angles of adjacent leakage ports are 90 degrees, and the leakage port diameters decrease in a clockwise direction. An orifice characteristic protrusion is provided at the flange of the buried pipeline, and the direction of the protrusion corresponds to the leakage port. The larger the diameter of the leakage port, the longer the protrusion length. The diameter of each leakage port of the buried pipeline is smaller than the diameter of the directional port of the pipeline casing.
[0008] In the above scheme, the end of the cavitation area pouring pipe is a detachable structure, and the fixing protrusion at the end of the pouring pipe is connected to the fixing frame at the end of the pouring pipe by bolts and nuts. There are fastening holes at both ends of the cavitation area pouring pipe, and the two ends are fixed to the two sides of the box by screws.
[0009] The transient observation leakage port and the directional port in the above scheme cooperate to form a semicircular leakage port. The material used for the transient observation surface is transparent tempered glass. When the leakage starts, the soil cavitation area formation process is observed on the transient observation surface, and the observation method is simple and direct; the steady-state observation leakage port is divided by a soil cutting blade. After the division is completed, the soil box is disassembled to directly observe its cross-sectional structure. The experimental results at the steady-state observation leakage port are used to supplement the transient observation surface results, so as to achieve a more complete soil cavitation area observation effect.
[0010] The distance between the two groups of leakage ports of the buried pipeline in the above scheme is twice the distance between the steady-state observation leakage port and the pipeline flange, that is, during the leakage process, the transient observation leakage port affects one-third of the box soil close to the transient observation surface, and the steady-state observation leakage port affects the remaining two-thirds of the box soil, avoiding mutual influence and interference between the two groups of leakage ports and ensuring that the two soil cavitation areas are formed independently.
[0011] In the above scheme, the cavitation area pouring pipe is used to stabilize the soil cavitation area; the pouring inlet is funnel-shaped, and a section of extension pipe is provided at the bottom of the funnel to cooperate with the cavitation area pouring pipe; the internal flow channel diameter of the cavitation area pouring pipe is consistent with the diameter of the extension pipe at the bottom of the funnel, the flow channel runs through the connecting hole to the pouring outlet, the outer diameter of the pouring outlet is the directional port diameter, the interior of the cavitation area pouring pipe on the right side of the pouring outlet is solid material, and cooperates with the end fixing frame of the pouring pipe to play a role in positioning and stabilization, the fixing protrusion at the end of the pouring pipe is connected to the end fixing frame of the pouring pipe by bolts and nuts, and the end fixing frame of the pouring pipe is fixed by screws.
[0012] In the above scheme, the sliding box pipe casing and the fixed box pipe casing are connected by an inner and outer layer staggered connection. The fixed box pipe casing connection is set as an inner casing, and the sliding box pipe casing connection is set as an outer casing. The outer casing ensures the integrity of the directional mouth, and the inner casing ensures that after the sliding box moves, it can still play a certain supporting role on the soil cavitation area on the fixed box side to prevent the soil cavitation area on the fixed box side from collapsing.
[0013] A method for monitoring soil deformation and cavitation areas caused by leakage of a buried gas pipeline is based on a soil deformation and cavitation area monitoring device for leakage of a buried gas pipeline to observe the formation process of a soil cavitation area caused by leakage of a buried pipeline and a steady-state soil cavitation area; the formation process of the soil cavitation area is directly observed through a transient observation surface, and for the observation of the steady-state soil cavitation area, a soil cutting blade is used to perform a center cut on the soil cavitation area, a sliding box is pushed away from a fixed box, the cut soil cavitation area is separated, and the steady-state soil cavitation area is directly observed on the cut surface; or a cavitation area pouring pipe is used to pour the soil cavitation area, and then the soil cavitation area is cut and the soil cavitation area is separated, and the pouring steady-state soil cavitation area is directly observed on the cut surface. Beneficial Effects
[0014] 1. The soil cavitation area caused by the leakage of the buried pipeline is located inside the soil and is difficult to observe. The present invention sets a transient leakage port at the transient observation surface of the fixed box, and the corresponding pipe casing directional port is semicircular, and the semicircular diameter edge coincides with the wall surface, simulating the leakage process on one side after the leakage of the buried pipeline. The formation process of the soil cavitation area can be directly observed through the transient observation surface.
[0015] 2. Since the transient observation surface has a blocking effect on the diffusion of leaked gas, the leaked gas that should diffuse to both sides can only diffuse to one side, resulting in an error between the soil cavitation area at the glass observation surface and the real soil cavitation area. In response to this error, the present invention sets another set of steady-state observation leakage ports of the same size and direction on the buried pipeline. The steady-state observation leakage ports are located inside the soil. By cutting the soil, the soil cavitation area formed at the steady-state observation leakage ports can be cut from the center. After moving the sliding box and raising the cutting blade, the steady-state soil cavitation area can be observed. At the same time, the steady-state soil cavitation area can also be observed from the fixed box side. The steady-state soil cavitation area can be compared and corrected with the soil cavitation area of the transient observation leakage port to reduce experimental errors.
[0016] 4. The main body of the blade transmission device of the present invention is composed of a worm gear and two pairs of coaxial gears, which has a simple structure and is easy to disassemble and install. It can be disassembled during the soil filling process to reduce the inconvenience during the filling process; during the soil cutting process, the cutting blade slideways on both sides of the sliding box are used to fix the movement trajectory of the soil cutting blade. The soil cutting blade can be stably cut into the soil by turning the turbine rocker, which is easy to operate and has high overall stability.
[0017] 5. The present invention cuts the soil with a soil cutting blade. After the sliding box and the fixed box are disassembled and separated, the steady-state soil cavitation area can be directly observed from the side section of the fixed box. The soil cutting blade can also be raised to observe the steady-state soil cavitation area on the side of the sliding box, providing multiple observation methods for experimenters.
[0018] 6. In order to address the impact of vibration during the disassembly and separation process of the sliding box and the fixed box, an extension platform is set on the bottom outer shell of the fixed box of the present invention, and an inner pulley track is provided above the platform to cooperate with the pulley inside the sliding box. At the same time, the two sets of outer pulleys of the sliding box are directional wheels, which ensures that the sliding direction of the sliding box is constant and effectively reduces the swaying of the box during sliding.
[0019] 7. In order to solve the problem of soil falling off on the side of the fixed box body that may occur after the sliding box body and the fixed box body are disassembled, the fixed box body of the present invention is provided with a soil protection net at the connection surface with the sliding box body. The bottom of the soil protection net is kept at a certain distance from the steady-state leakage port. Under the premise of not affecting the formation of the soil cavitation area, it can effectively prevent the soil from falling off on the side of the fixed box body after the soil support in the sliding box body is lost.
[0020] 8. In view of the impact of cutting soil on the soil cavitation area, the present invention can cast and fix the soil cavitation area before cutting the soil, add casting materials through the casting inlet, and use the communicating vessel structure during the casting process. The casting material flows out from the casting outlet under the action of atmospheric pressure, covers the directional opening of the sliding box pipe sleeve, and then begins to fill the soil cavitation area, casting the steady-state soil cavitation area. The casting method is convenient to implement and avoids additional damage to the soil cavitation area structure during the casting process.
[0021] 9. The pouring pipe in the cavitation area of the present invention adopts a combined structure. The pouring pipe is placed in the pipe casing and then assembled. The fixing frames on both sides of the pouring pipe in the cavitation area are close to both sides of the box body, which simultaneously play the role of fixing the pouring pipe in the cavitation area and positioning the pouring outlet. The structure is simple and the assembly is convenient.
[0022] 10. In the present invention, the experimenter can choose whether to cast the soil cavitation area according to the actual experimental situation. In the case of no casting, the present invention effectively maintains the structural stability of the soil cavitation area through the soil protection net and the inner and outer layer pipe casings and other device components, providing a convenient and fast observation plan for the experimenter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the simulation of soil deformation and cavitation area for buried gas pipeline leakage Figure 2 Appearance diagram of the soil deformation and cavitation area monitoring device for buried gas pipeline leakage - preparation stage.
[0024] Figure 3 Soil deformation and cavitation area monitoring device for buried gas pipeline leakage - exploded view at the preparation stage.
[0025] Figure 4 This is the structural diagram of the sliding box.
[0026] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the sliding box.
[0027] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the fixed box structure.
[0028] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of buried pipelines.
[0029] Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the blade transmission device and the soil cutting blade and a cross-sectional diagram of the blade transmission device.
[0030] Fig. 9 This is a top view of the soil deformation and cavitation area monitoring device for buried gas pipeline leakage - transient process observation stage.
[0031] Fig.10Structural diagram and cross-section of the pouring pipe for the cavitation area.
[0032] Fig.11 Exploded view of both sides of the box during the pouring pipe assembly process in the cavitation area.
[0033] Fig.12 The soil deformation cavitation area monitoring device for buried gas pipeline leakage - soil cavitation area casting profile.
[0034] In the figure: 1 sliding box, 2 fixed box, 3 buried pipe, 4 blade transmission device, 5 soil cutting blade, 6 cavitation area pouring pipe; 101 positioning platform, 102 first fastening hole, 103 bolt and nut, 104 outer pulley, 105 inner pulley, 106 orientation port, 107 sliding box pipe sleeve, 108 first reinforcement frame, 109 first soil bearing plate, 110 cutting blade slideway, 111 pouring inlet; 201 second fastening hole, 202 transient observation surface, 203 soil protection net, 204 support, 205 fixed box pipe casing, 206 second soil bearing plate, 207 second reinforcement frame, 208 inner pulley track; 301 flange, 302 third fastening hole, 303 orifice feature protrusion, 304 pipe screw, 305 steady-state observation leakage port, 306 transient observation leakage port; 401 turbine rocker, 402 transmission bracket, 403 transmission gear, 404 feed gear, 405 worm rod, 406 fourth fastening hole, 407 transmission screw; 601 connecting hole, 602 sixth fastening hole, 603 pouring pipe, 604 pouring outlet, 605 fixing protrusion, 606 fixing frame, 607 flow channel, 608 pouring screw. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0035] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the attached: This buried gas pipeline leakage soil deformation cavitation area monitoring device includes a sliding box 1, a blade transmission device 4, a soil cutting blade 5, a fixed box 2, a buried pipeline 3 and a cavitation area pouring pipe 6, and the above components are all detachable independent components. The sliding box 1 is provided with a pouring inlet 111 on the axial outer shell of the pipeline, and the bottom of the box is provided with inner and outer pulleys. A buried pipeline casing is arranged above the bottom. Soil bearing plates are provided on both sides of the pipeline casing. The soil bearing plates are connected to the bottom of the box through a reinforcing frame. A directional opening is provided in the vertical direction of the pipeline casing. The cutting blade slides are distributed on both sides of the box and the soil bearing plates. The inner boundary of the cutting blade slide and the center point of the directional opening are located in the same vertical plane; the blade transmission device 4 is fixed to the sliding box 1 through a transmission bracket, and the bracket fastening hole is connected to the sliding box positioning platform by screws, and one side of the worm rod A turbine rocker is provided, and the transmission gear is meshed with the turbine rod just above it. The transmission gear 403 and the feed gear 404 are coaxial gears, and the feed gear 404 is meshed with the soil cutting blade 5; the fixed box fastening holes are distributed in the same manner as the sliding box fastening holes, and the fixed box and the movable box can be connected by bolts and nuts. A support is provided at the bottom of the fixed box 2, and an extension platform is provided at the lower shell of the box. Two inner pulley tracks are provided above the platform for placing the pulley in the sliding box. The soil bearing plate and the reinforcement frame of the fixed box are similar to those of the movable box. A pipe sleeve is still provided above the bottom, and the pipe sleeve A semicircular directional opening is provided in the vertical direction of the pipe, and the diameter edge of the directional opening coincides with the shell surface of the fixed box body. The contacting shell surface is set as a transient observation surface, and the material is tempered glass. A soil protection net 203 is provided on the connecting surface of the fixed box body and the sliding box body, and the bottom of the soil protection net is kept at a certain distance from the directional opening; two groups of leakage port combinations are provided on the buried pipeline 3, namely, a steady-state observation leakage port and a transient observation leakage port. One group of leakage port combinations has a total of four circular leakage ports, and the centers of the four circular leakage ports are located in the same vertical plane. The normal angle of adjacent leakage ports is ninety degrees, and the leakage port diameter is arranged in a sequential order. The clockwise direction decreases successively, and a characteristic orifice protrusion is provided at the flange of the buried pipe. The direction of the protrusion corresponds to the leakage port. The larger the diameter of the leakage port, the longer the protrusion length. The diameter of each leakage port of the buried pipe is smaller than the diameter of the directional port of the pipe casing; the end of the cavitation area pouring pipe 6 is a detachable structure, and the fixed protrusion at the end of the pouring pipe is connected to the fixed frame at the end of the pouring pipe by bolts and nuts. After assembly, there are fastening holes at both ends of the cavitation area pouring pipe, and the two ends are fixed to the two sides of the box by screws. The connecting hole 601 cooperates with the pouring inlet, and the pouring outlet 604 cooperates with the directional port of the pipe casing.
[0036] The blade transmission device 4 is used to cut the soil cavitation area at the steady-state observation leakage port. The transmission bracket of the blade transmission device plays a fixed support role. The device is operated by rotating the turbine rocker on one side of the worm. The turbines at both ends of the worm are in opposite directions. The worm is rotated to start the worm, driving the meshing transmission gear above it, so that the transmission gears at both ends rotate in opposite directions. The transmission gear drives the coaxial feed gear, which meshes with the teeth on both sides of the soil cutting blade. The soil cutting blade can be stably lowered or raised by rotating the feed gear.
[0037] The cavitation area pouring pipe 6 is used to stabilize the soil cavitation area; the pouring inlet is funnel-shaped, and a section of extension pipe is provided at the bottom of the funnel to cooperate with the cavitation area pouring pipe; the internal flow channel diameter of the cavitation area pouring pipe is consistent with the diameter of the extension pipe at the bottom of the funnel, and the flow channel runs through the connecting hole to the pouring outlet. The outer diameter of the pouring outlet is the directional port diameter, and the interior of the cavitation area pouring pipe on the right side of the pouring outlet is made of solid material, which cooperates with the end fixing frame of the pouring pipe to play a role in positioning and stabilizing. The fixing protrusion at the end of the pouring pipe is connected to the end fixing frame of the pouring pipe by bolts and nuts, and the end fixing frame of the pouring pipe is fixed by screws.
[0038] The transient observation leakage port 306 cooperates with the directional port to form a semicircular leakage port. The material used for the transient observation surface 202 is transparent tempered glass. When the leakage starts, the soil cavitation area formation process is observed on the transient observation surface, and the observation method is simple and direct; the steady-state observation leakage port 305 is divided by a soil cutting blade. After the division is completed, the soil box is disassembled to directly observe its cross-sectional structure. The experimental results at the steady-state observation leakage port are used to supplement the transient observation surface results, so as to achieve a more complete soil cavitation area observation effect.
[0039] The sliding box pipe sleeve 107 and the fixed box pipe sleeve 205 are connected in an inner and outer layer staggered manner. The fixed box pipe sleeve connection is set as an inner sleeve, and the sliding box pipe sleeve connection is set as an outer sleeve. The outer sleeve ensures the integrity of the directional port, and the inner sleeve ensures that after the sliding box moves, it can still play a certain supporting role on the soil cavitation area on the fixed box side to prevent the soil cavitation area on the fixed box side from collapsing.
[0040] A reinforcement frame is used to stabilize the soil bearing plate and the bottom of the box. The reinforcement frame is an umbrella-shaped structure, which can effectively improve the bearing capacity of the reinforcement frame. The opening directions of the umbrella-shaped structures of two adjacent rows of reinforcement frames are opposite, which improves the overall stability. The reinforcement frame can effectively prevent the soil bearing plate from bending and deforming due to the weight of the soil.
[0041] The gas in the compressed gas cylinder should be compressed air or other non-toxic and harmless gas. The main purpose of this device is to observe the formation of soil cavitation areas caused by buried pipeline leakage. The leakage gas components have little effect on the formation of cavitation areas. The main influencing factors are the pipeline operating pressure and the size of the leakage port. The pipeline pressure can be adjusted by the gas cylinder supply valve, and the size of the leakage port can be adjusted by changing the placement direction of the buried pipeline.
[0042] The buried pipeline is provided with two groups of flange fastening holes, and the two groups of flange connection fastening holes and the buried pipeline leakage port positioning protrusions are located on the same circular surface; one group of flange fastening holes is staggered with the characteristic protrusions of the orifice, and is used to fix the buried pipeline in the experimental preparation stage to prevent soil from falling into the buried pipeline during the soil filling process; the other group of flange fastening holes corresponds to the characteristic protrusions of the orifice, and each fastening hole and the corresponding characteristic protrusion of the orifice are located on the same radius line of the circular surface, which is used to fix the buried pipeline in the transient process observation stage of the experiment, so that the two groups of leakage ports of the buried pipeline are included by the casing directional port to constitute the leakage ports required for the experiment.
[0043] The purpose of this invention is to observe the soil deformation cavitation area formed by the erosion of leaked gas after the buried gas pipeline leaks. Figure 1 The figure is a simulation diagram of soil deformation cavitation area caused by leakage of buried gas pipeline. When the buried pipeline leaks, the soil structure near the leakage port is destroyed to form a soil cavitation area. The present invention can be used to observe the formation process of the soil cavitation area and the steady-state cavitation area, which complement the simulation results. The experimental process is divided into a preparation stage, a transient process observation stage and a steady-state soil cavitation area observation stage.
[0044] During the experimental preparation stage, the movable box and the fixed box are connected and fixed by bolts and nuts to form a buried pipeline soil box with a built-in buried pipeline casing. The buried pipeline is equipped in the pipeline casing, so that the two groups of leakage ports of the buried pipeline are misaligned with the directional ports of the pipeline casing to ensure that the leakage ports are closed and the soil filling work is carried out; after the soil filling is completed, the blade transmission device is fixed to the movable box, and the soil cutting blade is placed in the blade transmission device so that the bottom of the soil cutting blade is located on the top of the filled soil. During the experimental transient process observation stage, the direction of the buried pipeline leakage port is adjusted so that each group of leakage ports of the buried pipeline is aligned with the center of the casing directional port. The buried pipeline is supplied with gas by an external compressed gas cylinder to simulate the pipeline leakage process. The formation process of the soil cavitation area can be observed through the transient observation surface of the fixed box. During the steady-state observation phase of the experiment, stop the gas supply of the buried pipeline, dismantle the buried pipeline, and let the experimenter choose whether to pour the soil cavitation area. If not, directly cut the soil, turn the turbine rocker, and use the blade transmission device to stably cut the soil cutting blade into the soil. When the soil cutting blade cuts to the bottom of the soil, remove the connecting bolts and nuts at the fastening holes of the sliding box and the fixed box and the end fixing frame of the pouring pipe on the fixed box side, separate the sliding box and the fixed box through the pulley track, and directly observe the steady-state soil cavitation area state on the cutting surface of the fixed box. If pouring is selected, the cavitation area pouring pipe needs to be installed inside the pipe casing so that the pouring outlet and the directional port match, and the pouring material is added through the pouring inlet. After pouring, the soil is cut and the box is disassembled. The pouring steady-state soil cavitation area state can be directly observed on the cutting surface of the fixed box, or the soil cutting blade can be raised by the blade transmission device, and the pouring steady-state soil cavitation area state can be observed on the cutting surface of the sliding box.
[0045] Combination Figure 2-12 As shown, the buried gas pipeline leakage soil deformation cavitation area monitoring device includes a sliding box 1, a blade transmission device 2, a soil cutting blade 3, a fixed box 4, a buried pipeline 5, and a cavitation area casting pipeline 6.
[0046] 1. Preparation Figure 2 This is a monitoring device for soil deformation and cavitation in the preparation stage of a buried gas pipeline leakage. The sliding box 1 and the fixed box 2 are connected and fixed by bolts and nuts, and the buried pipeline 3 is fixed by screws. The three components constitute the soil filling box in the preparation stage. After the soil filling work is completed, the blade transmission device and the soil cutting blade are installed.
[0047] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of a buried gas pipeline leakage soil deformation cavitation area monitoring device - preparation stage, showing the assembly relationship of each component. The structural function and assembly relationship of each component are explained below.
[0048] Figure 4 It is the structural diagram of the sliding box 1, such as Figure 4 As shown, a pair of positioning platforms 101 are provided on both sides of the sliding box for installation and fixation of the subsequent blade transmission device; multiple fastening holes 102 and matching bolts and nuts 103 are provided on both sides of the box where the sliding box and the fixed box are connected; an outer pulley 104 and an inner pulley 105 are provided at the bottom of the sliding box, and both the outer pulley and the inner pulley are directional wheels, so that the direction of the sliding box is stable when moving, reducing the shaking of the box; a sliding box pipe sleeve 107 is provided above the bottom, and a directional opening 106 is provided in the vertical direction of the sleeve. In order to ensure the integrity of the directional opening, the sleeve is moved to the outside of the box. The sliding box body is fixedly extended, and the connection is arranged with inner and outer sleeves. The connection of the sliding box body pipe sleeve is the outer sleeve, and the outer sleeve is provided with four connection positioning bosses; soil bearing plates 109 are arranged on both sides of the sliding box body pipe sleeve, and a reinforcement frame 108 is arranged between the soil bearing plate and the bottom of the sliding box body. The reinforcement frame adopts an umbrella-shaped structure, and its umbrella-shaped structure is centered on the truncated cone base, and six cylindrical pillars are inclined outward. The reinforcement frame effectively improves the load capacity of the soil bearing plate; cutting blade slides 110 are arranged on the two side walls of the sliding box body, and the cutting blade slides and the center of the directional opening are located in the same vertical plane.
[0049] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the sliding box 1, such as Figure 5 As shown, a pouring inlet 111 is provided on the axial outer side of the sliding box 1, and the opening directions of the umbrella-shaped structures of two adjacent rows of reinforcing frames are opposite, and the staggered opening direction arrangement enhances the overall stability of the sliding box.
[0050] Figure 6 To fix the box structure diagram, Figure 6As shown, a plurality of fastening holes 201 are provided on both sides of the connecting surface of the fixed box and the sliding box, and the size and position of the fastening holes correspond to the fastening holes of the sliding box; the outer shell of the pipeline axial box is a transient observation surface 202, which is made of tempered glass and is used to observe the formation process of the soil cavitation area; a soil protection net 203 is provided on the connecting surface of the fixed box and the sliding box, and the soil protection net adopts a diamond mesh structure to provide lateral support for the soil above the pipeline on the fixed box side to prevent the soil from sliding, and a support 204 is provided at the bottom of the fixed box; a fixed box pipe sleeve 205 is provided above the bottom, and the connection between the fixed box pipe sleeve is inner Layer casing, similarly, a connecting positioning recess is provided on the fixed box pipe casing, which cooperates with the connecting positioning boss of the sliding box pipe casing, and a directional opening is provided on the contact surface of the casing and the transient observation surface 202, which is semicircular in shape, and its diameter side coincides with the transient observation surface; soil bearing plates 206 are provided on both sides of the casing, and a reinforcement frame 207 is provided between the soil bearing plate and the bottom of the box, and the structural placement of the fixed box reinforcement frame 207 is similar to that of the sliding box reinforcement frame; an extension platform is provided on the bottom outer shell of the fixed box, and an inner pulley track 208 is provided above the platform, which is used to cooperate with the pulley 105 in the sliding box to fix the sliding track of the sliding box.
[0051] Figure 7 This is the structure diagram of the buried pipeline, such as Figure 7As shown, a section of the buried pipeline is provided with a flange 301 for connecting and fixing with the sliding box; the flange is provided with fastening holes 302 and orifice characteristic protrusions 303, and two groups of fastening holes are provided by screws 304. One group of fastening holes is staggered with the orifice characteristic protrusions, and is used to fix the buried pipeline in the preparation stage, so that the directional port and the leakage port of the buried pipeline are misaligned to prevent soil from falling into the buried pipeline during the soil filling process. The other group of fastening holes and the orifice characteristic protrusions are located on the same radius line of the circular surface, and this group of fastening holes is used for transient process observation. The buried pipeline is fixed in stages so that the directional opening completely covers the leakage opening of the buried pipeline; there are two groups of leakage openings for the buried pipeline, namely, a steady-state observation leakage opening 305 and a transient observation leakage opening 306, the leakage directions and leakage opening diameters of the two groups of leakage openings are set the same, the leakage opening diameter size corresponds to the orifice characteristic protrusion, the larger the leakage opening diameter, the longer the protrusion length of the orifice characteristic protrusion, the steady-state leakage opening cooperates with the directional opening on the sliding box pipe casing, and the transient observation leakage opening cooperates with the directional opening on the fixed box pipe casing. During the experimental preparation stage, the two boxes are connected and fixed by bolts and nuts in conjunction with the fastening holes on both sides of the sliding box and the fixed box. During the assembly process, pay attention to the placement of the inner pulley of the sliding box in conjunction with the inner pulley track of the fixed box. After the boxes are connected and fixed, place the buried pipeline in the pipeline casing so that the outer surface of the buried pipeline is close to the inner surface of the pipeline casing. The buried pipeline is fixed by screws in conjunction with the fastening holes on the flange. Select fastening holes that are at an angle different from the characteristic protrusion of the orifice to ensure that the pipeline leakage port is misaligned with the casing directional port. After the buried pipeline is assembled, the soil is packed. After the soil is packed, assemble the blade transmission device and the soil cutting blade. Figure 8 The structure diagram of the blade transmission device and the soil cutting blade and the cross-sectional diagram of the blade transmission device are as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the blade transmission device uses the rotating turbine rocker 401 as a power source, and transmission brackets 402 are provided at both ends of the device for fixing various components. The transmission gear 403 and the feed gear 404 on the transmission bracket are coaxial gears. The transmission gear is meshed with the worm rod 405, and the feed gear is meshed with the soil cutting blade 5. A fastening hole 406 is provided at the bottom of the transmission bracket, which is connected and fixed to the positioning platform 101 on both sides of the sliding box by screws 407. After the transmission bracket is fixed, the soil cutting blade is meshed and assembled with the feed gear, and the turbine rocker is rotated to make the soil cutting blade descend steadily. During the descent, pay attention to ensure that the soil cutting blade is located in the cutting blade slideway, and the blade edge of the soil cutting blade is lowered to the surface of the filling soil.
[0052] 2. Transient process observation stage After the assembly work is completed in the preparation phase, the transient process observation phase begins. Fig. 9 This is a top view of a buried gas pipeline leakage soil deformation cavitation area monitoring device - transient process observation stage. Figure 2 and Fig. 9In the transient process observation phase, the fixing screws on the fastening holes of the buried pipeline flange must be removed first, and the buried pipeline must be rotated according to the leakage port size required for the experiment, so that the required leakage port corresponds to the direction of the orifice feature protrusion vertically upward. At this time, the flange fastening holes on the same radius line as the orifice feature protrusion are matched with the corresponding fastening holes on the sliding box, and the buried pipeline is fixed by screws. Fig. 9 As shown, at this time, the steady-state observation leak port and the transient observation leak port of the buried pipeline cooperate with the directional port of the pipeline casing, and the leak port is included by the directional port, forming the leak port direction and size required for the experiment. Connect the external compressed gas cylinder to the buried pipeline. The compressed gas should be compressed air or other non-toxic and harmless gas. The pipeline pressure required for the experiment is selected by adjusting the gas supply valve. After the pipeline leak occurs, the experimenter observes and records the formation process of the soil cavitation area on the transient observation surface of the fixed box.
[0053] 3. Observation stage of steady-state soil cavitation area After the soil cavitation area formed by the erosion of the leaking gas is stabilized, the gas supply is stopped, the buried pipeline is disassembled, and it is taken out from the pipeline casing. The experimenter chooses whether to cast the soil cavitation area according to the actual experimental situation. If it is not cast, the steady-state soil cavitation area is centrally cut. First, the soil cutting blade is stably cut into the soil of the box by rotating the turbine rocker. When the blade of the soil cutting blade cuts the soil bearing plate, the turbine rocker is stopped to complete the cutting of the soil cavitation area, and the sliding box is slowly pulled out along the inner pulley track to complete the disassembly and separation of the sliding box and the fixed box. At this time, the formed steady-state soil cavitation area can be directly observed on the soil cutting surface of the fixed box.
[0054] If pouring is selected, the soil cavitation area should be poured first. Before pouring the soil cavitation area, the pouring pipes in the cavitation area need to be assembled and fixed. Fig.10 It is a structural diagram and a cross-sectional diagram of a pouring pipe in a cavitation area. A connecting hole 601 is provided at the connection between the pouring pipe in the cavitation area and the pouring inlet, which is used to cooperate with the extension pipe at the bottom of the pouring inlet. A fastening hole 602 is provided below the connecting hole. The upper surface of the pouring pipe 603 is arc-shaped, and the curvature is the same as the curvature of the inner layer of the pipe casing, to ensure that the pouring pipe is close to the inner layer of the pipe casing during assembly. A pouring outlet 604 is provided on the pouring pipe, and the pouring outlet is in the shape of a small-angle funnel. The outer diameter of the pouring inlet is the diameter of the directional port of the pipe casing. An assembly component is used at the end of the pouring pipe, and a fixing protrusion 605 is provided at the end. The fixing protrusion is fixed to a fixing frame 606 by bolts and nuts. A fastening hole is provided on the fixing frame, and an internal flow channel 607 of the pouring pipe runs from the connecting hole to the pouring outlet. Fig.11 Exploded diagram of both sides of the box during the pouring pipe assembly process in the cavitation area, such as Fig.11As shown, to assemble the cavitation area pouring pipe, first put the pouring pipe into the pipe casing, and fix the protrusion at the end of the pouring pipe and the fixing frame by bolts and nuts to complete the assembly of the cavitation area pouring pipe. At this time, the two ends of the cavitation area pouring pipe should be close to the outer wall of the box body, and move the cavitation area pouring pipe upward until the fastening holes at both ends match the fastening holes on the outer wall of the box body. During the upward movement, pay attention to the combination of the pouring outlet and the directional port inside the casing to ensure that the outer side of the pouring outlet fits the directional port. At the same time, pay attention to the matching of the connecting port and the pouring inlet extension pipe. After checking that the matching is correct, fix the cavitation area pouring pipe with the fastening holes at both ends using screws. After the assembly work is completed, Fig.12 This is a buried gas pipeline leakage soil deformation cavitation area monitoring device - soil cavitation area casting cross-section diagram, such as Fig.12 As shown, pouring material is added to the pouring inlet. Since the pressure values at the pouring inlet and the pouring outlet are both atmospheric pressure, a communicating vessel structure is formed. The pouring material will flow out from the pouring outlet under the action of atmospheric pressure to fill and fix the soil cavitation area at the directional port. When the pouring material at the pouring inlet no longer flows downward, it means that the pouring of the soil cavitation area at the pouring outlet has been completed. At this time, stop adding pouring material, observe the pouring material through the pouring inlet, and wait for the pouring material to solidify. After the pouring work is completed, the steady-state soil cavitation area is also centrally cut. After the cutting work is completed, the side fixing frame of the fixed box of the cavitation area pouring pipe needs to be disassembled. After disassembling the pouring pipe in the cavitation area, the sliding box and the fixed box are disassembled and separated. At this time, the soil cutting surface of the fixed box can directly observe the formed pouring steady-state soil cavitation area, and the soil cutting blade is stably raised by the turbine rocker to observe the formed pouring steady-state soil cavitation area on the soil cutting surface of the sliding box.
[0055] In view of the difficulty that the soil cavitation area caused by the leakage of the buried gas pipeline is difficult to observe and measure because it is located inside the soil, the present invention adopts a double leakage port setting. The soil cavitation area formed at the transient leakage port can be directly observed through the transient observation surface. The soil cavitation area formed at the steady-state leakage port can be divided by the soil cutting blade, and then the steady-state soil cavitation area can be observed from the cutting section by moving the detachable box structure. Considering the possible impact on the soil cavitation area during the cutting movement, the steady-state soil cavitation area can be poured and reinforced before cutting to ensure the stability of the cavitation area. The present invention has a simple assembly process, simple manual operation, and a direct and concise observation method, which provides a simple and convenient experimental scheme for observing the soil cavitation area formed by the leakage of the buried gas pipeline.
Claims
1. A device for monitoring soil deformation and cavitation areas in case of leakage in a buried gas pipeline, characterized in that: The buried gas pipeline leakage soil deformation cavitation area monitoring device comprises a sliding box, a blade transmission device, a soil cutting blade, a fixed box, a buried pipeline and a cavitation area pouring pipeline, the sliding box is provided with a pouring inlet on the pipeline axial outer shell, the soil cutting blade is fixed to the longitudinal opening side of the sliding box, the blade transmission device drives the soil cutting blade to move up and down along the longitudinal opening side of the sliding box to cut the soil, the bottom of the sliding box is provided with an outer pulley and an inner pulley, the bottom plate of the fixed box is provided with an extension platform, the extension platform is provided with two inner pulley tracks, when the outer pulley of the sliding box is pushed to move, the inner pulley slides along the extension platform toward the fixed box until the sliding box and the fixed box are aligned. The boxes are matched together, the sliding box and the fixed box are fastened to form a detachable box with an open upper opening, the sliding box pipe casing and the fixed box pipe casing are buckled together to form a buried pipe casing, the inlet end of the buried pipe casing is located directly below the pouring inlet, and the two sides of the buried pipe casing are soil bearing plates; the fixed box pipe casing is provided with a directional opening in the vertical direction, the directional opening is semicircular, the diameter edge of the directional opening coincides with the shell surface of the fixed box, and the contacting shell surface is set as a transient observation surface, the material of the transient observation surface is tempered glass, and a soil protection net is provided on the connection surface between the fixed box and the sliding box, and the bottom of the soil protection net is kept at a certain distance from the directional opening on the sliding box pipe casing; During the transient process observation phase, the buried pipeline is placed in the buried pipeline casing, the steady-state observation leak port and the transient observation leak port of the buried pipeline are matched with the corresponding directional ports, the leak port is surrounded by the directional ports, and gas is input into the buried pipeline. After the pipeline leak occurs, the formation process of the soil cavitation area is observed and recorded through the transient observation surface of the fixed box; During the observation phase of the steady-state soil cavitation area, after the soil cavitation area formed by the erosion of the leaking gas forms a steady-state soil cavitation area, stop the gas supply and remove the buried pipe; if pouring is not chosen, use the soil cutting blade to make a central cut on the steady-state soil cavitation area, and directly observe the formed steady-state soil cavitation area through the soil cutting surface of the fixed box; if pouring is chosen, place the cavitation area pouring pipe into the buried pipe casing, fill and fix the soil cavitation area, and then make a central cut on the steady-state soil cavitation area, and finally directly observe the formed steady-state soil cavitation area through the soil cutting surface of the fixed box.
2. The device for monitoring soil deformation and cavitation area of a buried gas pipeline leak according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding box is provided with a cutting blade slide, which is distributed on both sides of the box and the soil bearing plate, and the inner boundary of the cutting blade slide is located in the same vertical plane as the center point of the directional opening; the blade transmission device is fixed to the sliding box through a transmission bracket, and the bracket fastening hole is connected to the sliding box positioning platform through screws, and a turbine rocker is provided on one side of the worm rod, which is meshed with the transmission gear just above the worm rod, and the transmission gear and the feed gear are coaxial gears, and the feed gear is meshed with the soil cutting blade; the fixed box fastening holes are distributed in the same manner as the sliding box fastening holes, the fixed box and the sliding box are connected by bolts and nuts, and the soil bearing plate is connected to the bottom of the box through a reinforcing frame.
3. The device for monitoring soil deformation and cavitation area of a buried gas pipeline leakage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The buried pipeline is provided with two groups of leakage port combinations, namely steady-state observation leakage ports and transient observation leakage ports. One group of leakage port combinations has four circular leakage ports in total. The centers of the four circular leakage ports are located in the same vertical plane. The normal angles of adjacent leakage ports are 90 degrees. The leakage port diameters decrease in a clockwise direction. An orifice characteristic protrusion is provided at the flange of the buried pipeline. The direction of the protrusion corresponds to the leakage port. The larger the diameter of the leakage port, the longer the protrusion length. The diameter of each leakage port of the buried pipeline is smaller than the diameter of the directional port of the pipeline casing.
4. The device for monitoring soil deformation and cavitation area of a buried gas pipeline leakage according to claim 3 is characterized by: The end of the cavitation area pouring pipe is a detachable structure, and the fixing protrusion at the end of the pouring pipe is connected to the fixing frame at the end of the pouring pipe by bolts and nuts. Both ends of the cavitation area pouring pipe have fastening holes, and the two ends are fixed to the two sides of the box by screws.
5. The device for monitoring soil deformation and cavitation area of a buried gas pipeline leak according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the leakage starts, the formation process of the soil cavitation area is observed on the transient observation surface, and the observation method is simple and direct; the steady-state observation leakage port is divided by a soil cutting blade, and the soil box is disassembled after the division is completed, and then its cross-sectional structure is directly observed. The monitoring results at the steady-state observation leakage port are used to supplement the transient observation surface results, so as to achieve a more complete soil cavitation area observation effect.
6. The device for monitoring soil deformation and cavitation area of a buried gas pipeline leak according to claim 5, characterized in that: The distance between the two groups of leakage ports of the buried pipeline is twice the distance between the steady-state observation leakage port and the pipeline flange, that is, during the leakage process, the transient observation leakage port affects one-third of the box soil close to the transient observation surface, and the influence range of the steady-state observation leakage port is the remaining two-thirds of the box soil, avoiding mutual influence and interference between the two groups of leakage ports and ensuring that the two soil cavitation areas are formed independently.
7. The device for monitoring soil deformation and cavitation area of a buried gas pipeline leak according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cavitation area pouring pipe is used to stabilize the soil cavitation area; the pouring inlet is funnel-shaped, and a section of extension pipe is provided at the bottom of the funnel for cooperating with the cavitation area pouring pipe; the internal flow channel diameter of the cavitation area pouring pipe is consistent with the diameter of the extension pipe at the bottom of the funnel, the flow channel runs through the connecting hole to the pouring outlet, the outer diameter of the pouring outlet is the directional port diameter, the interior of the cavitation area pouring pipe on the right side of the pouring outlet is made of solid material, and cooperates with the end fixing frame of the pouring pipe to play a role in positioning and stabilizing, the end fixing protrusion of the pouring pipe is connected to the end fixing frame of the pouring pipe by bolts and nuts, and the end fixing frame of the pouring pipe is fixed by screws.
8. The device for monitoring soil deformation and cavitation area of a buried gas pipeline leak according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sliding box pipe casing and the fixed box pipe casing are connected in an inner and outer layer staggered manner. The fixed box pipe casing connection is set as an inner casing, and the sliding box pipe casing connection is set as an outer casing. The outer casing ensures the integrity of the directional opening, and the inner casing ensures that after the sliding box moves, it can still play a certain supporting role on the soil cavitation area on the fixed box side to prevent the soil cavitation area on the fixed box side from collapsing.
9. A method for monitoring soil deformation and cavitation area of a buried gas pipeline leak according to claim 8, characterized in that: Based on the soil deformation cavitation area monitoring device caused by the leakage of buried gas pipeline, the formation process of soil cavitation area and the steady-state soil cavitation area caused by the leakage of buried pipeline are observed; the formation process of soil cavitation area is directly observed through the transient observation surface; for the observation of steady-state soil cavitation area, the soil cavitation area is centrally cut by a soil cutting blade, the sliding box is pushed away from the fixed box, the cut soil cavitation area is separated, and the steady-state soil cavitation area is directly observed on the cutting surface; or the soil cavitation area is poured by the cavitation area pouring pipe, and then the soil cavitation area is cut and the soil cavitation area is separated, and the pouring steady-state soil cavitation area is directly observed on the cutting surface.