Flue gas source carbon-nitrogen synergistic water and fertilizer integrated supply system and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of field fertilization, and provides a flue gas source carbon-nitrogen synergistic water-fertilizer integrated supply system and method.The flue gas source carbon-nitrogen synergistic water-fertilizer integrated supply system is characterized in that a second reservoir, an acid liquor storage tank, an alkali liquor storage tank, a carbon-nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and a bacterial fertilizer storage tank are connected to a mixed fertilizer storage tank through pipelines, and the carbon-nitrogen fertilizer storage tank is connected with carbon-nitrogen fertilizer preparation equipment; flowmeters and electromagnetic valves are arranged among pipelines of the second reservoir, the acid liquor storage tank, the alkali liquor storage tank, the carbon nitrogen fertilizer storage tank, the bacterial fertilizer storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank, and the flowmeters and the electromagnetic valves are connected with a controller; through the carbon-nitrogen fertilizer preparation equipment, when the carbon-nitrogen fertilizer preparation equipment is applied to a flue gas environment, carbon-nitrogen fertilizer can be obtained through flue gas, bacterial fertilizer integration is realized, on the basis, a controller is used for controlling opening and closing of an electromagnetic valve by taking a set target water and fertilizer pH value as an expected value and taking an actual pH value acquired by a pH sensor as a feedback value, accurate control of the water and fertilizer pH value is realized, and the water and fertilizer utilization rate is improved. And a stable production environment is provided for crop growth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of field fertilization technology, and in particular relates to a flue gas source carbon and nitrogen synergistic water and fertilizer integrated supply system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Fertilizer and water integration utilizes a pressure system to mix soluble solid or liquid fertilizers with irrigation water, based on soil nutrient content and crop nutrient requirements. This mixture is delivered through a controllable pipeline system, allowing the water and fertilizer to blend. The resulting solution is then distributed via pipes and drip emitters to create sprinkler or drip irrigation, evenly, regularly, and quantitatively irrigating the crop's root zone. This ensures the soil around the main root system remains loose and has suitable moisture content. Furthermore, based on the specific nutrient requirements of different crops, soil conditions, nutrient content, and the water and fertilizer needs at different growth stages, the system designs different growth stages to provide water and nutrients directly to the crops in a timely, quantitative, and proportional manner.

[0003] Current integrated water and fertilizer supply systems, when applied in flue gas environments, still involve placing pre-prepared liquid fertilizer and water into storage tanks without utilizing the flue gas or integrating microbial fertilizer. This is mainly because when flue gas is directly prepared into carbon and nitrogen fertilizer and then mixed with microbial fertilizer, the pH value cannot be determined or effectively adjusted, resulting in a significant discrepancy with the actual required pH value, which is detrimental to crop growth. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a flue gas-source carbon and nitrogen synergistic water and fertilizer integrated supply system and method. Through carbon and nitrogen fertilizer preparation equipment, carbon and nitrogen fertilizer can be obtained from flue gas during application in a flue gas environment, and microbial fertilizer is also integrated. Based on this, a controller, using a fuzzy control algorithm optimized by a genetic algorithm, controls the opening and closing of a solenoid valve by setting a target water and fertilizer pH value as the desired value and using the actual pH value collected by a pH sensor as the feedback value. This achieves accurate control of the water and fertilizer pH value, providing a stable production environment for crop growth.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a flue gas source carbon and nitrogen synergistic water and fertilizer integrated supply system, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A flue gas source carbon and nitrogen synergistic water and fertilizer integrated supply system includes a mixed fertilizer storage tank, a second water storage tank, an acid liquid storage tank, an alkali liquid storage tank, a carbon and nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and a microbial fertilizer storage tank connected to the mixed fertilizer storage tank via pipelines, and a first water storage tank connected to the second water storage tank via pipelines.

[0007] Solenoid valves, flow meters, and pumps are installed on the pipelines between the first water storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank, the pipelines between the acid storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank, the pipelines between the alkali storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank, the pipelines between the carbon and nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank, the pipelines between the microbial fertilizer storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank, and the pipelines connecting the mixed fertilizer storage tank to the irrigation area.

[0008] The carbon and nitrogen fertilizer storage tank is connected to carbon and nitrogen fertilizer preparation equipment. A pH sensor is installed in the mixed fertilizer storage tank. The pH sensor, all flow meters, and all solenoid valves are connected to a controller. The controller is configured to use a fuzzy control algorithm optimized by a genetic algorithm, with a set target water and fertilizer pH value as the expected value and the actual pH value collected by the pH sensor as the feedback value, to control the opening and closing of the solenoid valves and achieve water and fertilizer pH control.

[0009] Furthermore, a second solenoid valve, a second flow meter, and a second pump are installed on the pipeline between the first water storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank; a third solenoid valve, a third flow meter, and a third pump are installed on the pipeline between the acid storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank; a fourth solenoid valve, a fourth flow meter, and a fourth pump are installed on the pipeline between the alkali storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank; a fifth solenoid valve, a fifth flow meter, and a fifth pump are installed on the pipeline between the carbon and nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank; a sixth solenoid valve, a sixth flow meter, and a sixth pump are installed on the pipeline between the microbial fertilizer storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank; and a seventh solenoid valve, a seventh flow meter, and a seventh pump are installed on the pipeline connecting the mixed fertilizer storage tank to the irrigation area.

[0010] The carbon and nitrogen fertilizer storage tank is connected to carbon and nitrogen fertilizer preparation equipment. A pH sensor is installed inside the mixed fertilizer storage tank. The pH sensor, the second flow meter, the third flow meter, the fourth flow meter, the fifth flow meter, the sixth flow meter, the seventh flow meter, the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve, the fourth solenoid valve, the fifth solenoid valve, the sixth solenoid valve, and the seventh solenoid valve are connected to a controller.

[0011] Furthermore, a desalination device is installed between the first water storage tank and the second water storage tank; a first solenoid valve, a first flow meter, and a first pump are installed on the pipeline between the first water storage tank and the desalination device; the first solenoid valve and the first flow meter are connected to the controller.

[0012] Furthermore, the first pump, the second pump, the third pump, the fourth pump, the fifth pump, the sixth pump, and the seventh pump are all centrifugal pumps.

[0013] Furthermore, when the carbon and nitrogen fertilizer preparation equipment is working, N2 and O2 are first activated by NTP to convert N2 and O2 into NOx, which is then absorbed by alkaline solution and then undergoes an electrochemical reduction reaction to synthesize ammonia. Nitrogen in the flue gas is used as the nitrogen source, and water in the aqueous solution is used as the hydrogen source.

[0014] Furthermore, the part of the controller that controls the pH value of water and fertilizer includes three parts: GA optimization algorithm, fuzzy control, and water and fertilizer pH calculation. Specifically, firstly, a target value for water and fertilizer pH is set. The current water and fertilizer pH is calculated by sampling the fertilizer mixing tank through a sensor. By subtracting from the set value, the pH deviation value e and the pH deviation change rate Δe are obtained. These are input into the GA intelligent optimization algorithm to optimize the three parameters Kp, Ki, and Kd. Combined with the fuzzy control part, the third and fourth solenoid valves are controlled to adjust the water and fertilizer pH.

[0015] Furthermore, the controller is also configured to control the irrigation and fertilization flow rate, including three parts: GA optimization algorithm, fuzzy control part, and fertilization flow rate calculation. Specifically, firstly, a target value for the fertilization flow rate is set. The difference between the current fertilization flow rate monitored by the flow meter and the set value is calculated. The flow deviation value e and the flow deviation change rate Δe are input into the GA intelligent optimization algorithm to optimize the three parameters Kp, Ki, and Kd. Combined with the fuzzy control part, the seventh solenoid valve is controlled to adjust the irrigation and fertilization flow rate.

[0016] Furthermore, the parameters of the fuzzy control algorithm are automatically adjusted using a genetic algorithm; the genetic algorithm is used to gradually optimize the parameter combination by simulating the biological evolution process in nature, including selection, crossover and mutation operations.

[0017] Furthermore, a population is randomly initialized, with each individual representing a set of fuzzy parameters. Then, by designing a fitness function, the merits of each individual are evaluated based on the system performance indicators of overshoot, settling time, and steady-state error. New individuals are generated through crossover operations, and the diversity of the population is increased through mutation operations.

[0018] To achieve the above objectives, in a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method for the integrated supply of carbon and nitrogen from flue gas sources with water and fertilizer, employing the following technical solution:

[0019] A method for coordinating carbon and nitrogen supply with integrated water and fertilizer from flue gas source, using the flue gas source carbon and nitrogen coordinating water and fertilizer integrated supply system as described in the first aspect, includes: a fuzzy control algorithm based on genetic algorithm optimization, using a set target water and fertilizer pH value as the expected value and the actual pH value collected by a pH sensor as the feedback value, to control the opening and closing of a solenoid valve to achieve control of water and fertilizer pH value.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] This invention connects a second water storage tank, an acid storage tank, an alkali storage tank, a carbon-nitrogen fertilizer storage tank, and a microbial fertilizer storage tank via pipelines to a mixed fertilizer storage tank. The carbon-nitrogen fertilizer storage tank is connected to carbon-nitrogen fertilizer preparation equipment. Flow meters and solenoid valves are installed between the pipelines of the second water storage tank, the acid storage tank, the alkali storage tank, the carbon-nitrogen fertilizer storage tank, the microbial fertilizer storage tank, and the mixed fertilizer storage tank. The flow meters and solenoid valves are connected to a controller. Through the carbon-nitrogen fertilizer preparation equipment, carbon-nitrogen fertilizer can be obtained from flue gas when applied in a flue gas environment, and microbial fertilizer is integrated. Based on this, the controller uses a fuzzy control algorithm optimized by a genetic algorithm to control the opening and closing of the solenoid valves by setting a target pH value for the water and fertilizer as the desired value and using the actual pH value collected by the pH sensor as the feedback value. This achieves accurate control of the pH value of the water and fertilizer, providing a stable production environment for crop growth. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this embodiment, are used to provide a further understanding of this embodiment. The illustrative embodiments and their descriptions are used to explain this embodiment and do not constitute an improper limitation of this embodiment.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a system flowchart of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ammonia synthesis principle in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a logic diagram for fertilizer formulation in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is an irrigation logic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the water and fertilizer configuration principle of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the irrigation and fertilization control principle of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is the GA-optimized fuzzy PID water and fertilizer pH control system of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is the GA-optimized fuzzy PID fertilizer flow control system of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 The flowchart of the GA-FUZZY-PID control algorithm in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown below;

[0032] Figure 10 Example 1 of the present invention describes the electrocatalytic oxidation of NO3 at -1.0V vs. RHE.- The yield and faradaic efficiency (FE) of NH3 on CuCo0.25–MOF / NF, CuCo0.50–MOF / NP, CuCo0.75–MOF / NV and CuCo1.00–MOF / NF catalysts;

[0033] Figure 11 The yield and Faraday efficiency of the CuCo0.5-MOF / NF catalyst in Example 1 of this invention under different applied potentials;

[0034] Figure 12 The partial current densities of CuCo0.5-MOF / NF and Cu-MOF / NF for the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) of NH3 under different applied potentials in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 13 The Faraday efficiency of the CuCo0.5-MOF / NF and Cu-MOF / NF catalysts in Example 1 of this invention under different applied potentials;

[0036] Figure 14 The yields of NH3 of the CuCo0.5-MOF / NF and Cu-MOF / NF catalysts in Example 1 of this invention under different applied potentials;

[0037] Figure 15 In Example 1 of this invention, a 0.5M Na2SO4 electrolyte contains 20mM, 40mM, 100mM, and 200mM NO3. - Electrocatalytic NH3 yield and Faradaic efficiency of NO3RR in solution using CuCo0.5-MOF / NF catalyst. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0039] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0040] Example 1:

[0041] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a flue gas source carbon and nitrogen synergistic water and fertilizer integrated supply system, including a first water storage tank, a desalination device connected to the first water storage tank via a pipeline, a second water storage tank connected to the desalination device via a pipeline, and a mixed fertilizer storage tank connected to the second water storage tank via a pipeline; a first solenoid valve, a first flow meter, and a first pump are installed on the pipeline between the first water storage tank and the desalination device, and a second solenoid valve, a second flow meter, and a second pump are installed on the pipeline between the first water storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank;

[0042] It also includes an acid storage tank connected to the mixed fertilizer storage tank via a pipeline; a third solenoid valve, a third flow meter and a third pump are installed on the pipeline between the acid storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank.

[0043] It also includes an alkali storage tank connected to the mixed fertilizer storage tank via a pipeline; a fourth solenoid valve, a fourth flow meter and a fourth pump are installed on the pipeline between the alkali storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank;

[0044] It also includes a carbon-nitrogen fertilizer storage tank connected to the mixed fertilizer storage tank via a pipeline; a fifth solenoid valve, a fifth flow meter, and a fifth pump are installed on the pipeline between the carbon-nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank; the carbon-nitrogen fertilizer storage tank is connected to carbon-nitrogen fertilizer preparation equipment;

[0045] It also includes a microbial fertilizer storage tank connected to the mixed fertilizer storage tank via a pipeline; a sixth solenoid valve, a sixth flow meter, and a sixth pump are installed on the pipeline between the microbial fertilizer storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank; the main components in the microbial fertilizer storage tank may be yeast, Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium, and other microbial agents. Microorganisms can convert inorganic carbon in the soil into organic matter, thereby increasing the soil organic matter content, soil physical structure, and chemical environment, and increasing soil fertility;

[0046] It also includes a pipeline connecting the fertilizer storage tank to the irrigation area, and a seventh solenoid valve, a seventh flow meter and a seventh pump are installed on the pipeline connecting the fertilizer storage tank and the irrigation area.

[0047] The mixed fertilizer storage tank is equipped with a pH sensor. The pH sensor, the first flow meter, the second flow meter, the third flow meter, the fourth flow meter, the fifth flow meter, the sixth flow meter, the seventh flow meter, the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve, the fourth solenoid valve, the fifth solenoid valve, the sixth solenoid valve, and the seventh solenoid valve are connected to a controller. The controller has functions such as data reception, processing, and issuing control commands. The first pump, the second pump, the third pump, the fourth pump, the fifth pump, the sixth pump, and the seventh pump are all centrifugal pumps.

[0048] The carbon and nitrogen fertilizer preparation equipment receives external coal-fired flue gas and processes it into carbon and nitrogen fertilizer; specifically, it converts N2 in the flue gas into NH3. The method for synthesizing ammonia using N2 as a nitrogen source includes:

[0049] Electrochemical ammonia synthesis technology: This technology can be carried out at room temperature and pressure, using N2 as the nitrogen source and H2O as the hydrogen source to synthesize ammonia. The reaction can be represented as follows, regardless of whether the conditions are acidic or alkaline:

[0050] N2 + 3H2O → 1.5O2 + 2NH3

[0051] Low-temperature plasma ammonia synthesis technology includes pure N2 / pure H2-HTP synthesis technology and pure N2 / H2O-HTP synthesis technology.

[0052] Low-temperature plasma-coupled electrochemical ammonia synthesis technology: This involves a two-step ammonia synthesis process using N2 and H2O as raw materials. First, N2 and O2 are activated by HTP to convert them into NO. x The ammonia is synthesized by absorbing the ammonia with an alkaline solution and then undergoing an emergency reduction reaction (ERR); and by using N2 as the raw material gas and H2O in the solution as the hydrogen source in a one-step ammonia synthesis technology.

[0053] Electrochemical and plasma-based ammonia synthesis require high purity N2 sources. Using flue gas directly as the nitrogen source introduces impurities such as O2 and CO2, which can negatively impact the process. Therefore, this embodiment employs low-temperature plasma-coupled electrocatalytic chemical ammonia synthesis technology. Specifically, N2 and O2 are first activated with NTP to convert them into NOx, which is then absorbed by an alkaline solution before undergoing an electrochemical reduction reaction (ERR) to synthesize ammonia. Nitrogen from the flue gas is used as the nitrogen source, and water from the aqueous solution is used as the hydrogen source.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown, the two-step process of ammonia synthesis using N2 and H2O as raw materials involves first activating N2 and O2 with NTP to convert them into NOx, which is then absorbed by an alkaline solution, followed by an electrochemical reduction reaction (ERR) to synthesize ammonia.

[0055] The preparation rate of flue gas-based carbon and nitrogen fertilizer depends on the process of nitrogen generating ammonia. Nitrogen is a very stable gas, requiring a plasma + catalyst reaction device to maximize the generation of nitrogen oxides. The oxygen concentration in the flue gas is 6-15%, and the CO2 content is 10-15%. Catalysts can be Al2O3, LaFeO3, CoMn2O4, CuMn2O4 spinel, or metals with perovskite-like structures, such as La2CuO4 and LaMnO3. Electrode materials include activated carbon-supported Cu and PdCu nanoparticles, CuNi bimetallic materials (-MOF derivatives and / or nickel foam).

[0056] In this embodiment, soil moisture sensors and soil fertility (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) sensors are installed in the soil within the irrigation area. The target water and fertilizer pH value is set by the controller, and the sensors transmit data to the controller in real time. The controller outputs the opening and closing of the solenoid valve to complete the adjustment of the water and fertilizer pH. At the same time, the control system completes the irrigation and fertilization operations based on the monitored soil moisture and fertility information.

[0057] like Figure 5 As shown, the controller is based on a fuzzy PID (GA-FUZZY-PID) control algorithm optimized by a genetic algorithm. It sets the target pH value of the water and fertilizer as the desired value and uses the actual pH value collected by the pH sensor as the feedback value. After calculation, the corresponding control quantity is obtained to control the opening and closing of the solenoid valve, and finally achieves precise control of the pH value of the water and fertilizer.

[0058] During water and fertilizer preparation, the set water-fertilizer ratio and pH value are input into the system. The main control circuit is based on a PLC, with external main water pump control module, solenoid valve control module, and sensor data module. Simultaneously, the solenoid valves and centrifugal pumps at the water storage tank, microbial fertilizer storage tank, and carbon-nitrogen fertilizer storage tank open. When the water-fertilizer ratio reaches the set value, the corresponding centrifugal pump stops and the corresponding valve closes. At the same time, the control system controls the opening of the corresponding solenoid valves and centrifugal pumps in the acid or alkali solution tank based on the real-time pH value transmitted from the pH sensor, thereby controlling the pH value of the fertilizer solution.

[0059] like Figure 6 As shown, the irrigation and fertilization control system adopts a fuzzy PID (GA-FUZZY-PID) control algorithm based on genetic algorithm optimization. The set fertilization flow rate is used as the expected value, and the real-time flow rate value collected by the flow meter is used as the feedback value. The corresponding control quantity is calculated to control the opening and closing degree of the solenoid valve, and finally the precise control of the irrigation and fertilization flow rate is achieved.

[0060] During irrigation and fertilization, the set irrigation volume, fertilizer flow rate, and soil moisture and fertility information are input into the system. The main control circuit is based on a PLC and is externally connected to a main water pump control module, a fertilization module, an irrigation module, and a data acquisition module. Simultaneously, the solenoid valves and centrifugal pumps at the water storage tank and fertilizer mixing tank open to perform irrigation and fertilization. When the flow sensor detects a deviation between the fertilizer flow rate and the set value, the system will automatically adjust the opening degree of the solenoid valve at the fertilizer mixing tank outlet to maintain a stable fertilization process. At the same time, when soil fertility and moisture reach the set values, the system stops working, closes all valves, and stops all centrifugal pumps.

[0061] like Figure 7As shown, the water-fertilizer ratio control system mainly consists of three parts: the GA optimization algorithm, the fuzzy control part, and the water-fertilizer pH calculation. First, a target pH value for the water and fertilizer is set. The current pH value is calculated by sampling the fertilizer mixing tank using sensors. The difference between this value and the set value is used to obtain the pH deviation value e and the pH deviation change rate Δe. These values ​​are then input into the GA intelligent optimization algorithm to optimize the three parameters Kp, Ki, and Kd. Combined with the fuzzy PID control part, this optimizes the acid and alkali solenoid valves, thereby adjusting the water-fertilizer pH.

[0062] like Figure 8 As shown, the irrigation and fertilization control system mainly consists of three parts: the GA optimization algorithm, the fuzzy control part, and the fertilizer flow calculation. First, the target value of the fertilizer flow is set. The difference between the current fertilizer flow monitored by the flow meter and the set value is calculated. The flow deviation value e and the flow deviation change rate Δe are input into the GA intelligent optimization algorithm to optimize the three parameters Kp, Ki, and Kd. Combined with the fuzzy PID control part, the fertilizer solenoid valve is controlled to regulate the irrigation and fertilization flow.

[0063] Genetic algorithms automatically adjust the key parameters of fuzzy PID controllers, thereby improving the performance of the control system. Fuzzy PID controllers combine the advantages of traditional PID control and fuzzy logic, and have strong nonlinear processing capabilities and adaptability. However, their performance depends on the reasonable setting of parameters, such as the proportional coefficient Kp, integral coefficient Ki, derivative coefficient Kd, as well as the design of fuzzy membership functions and fuzzy rules.

[0064] Genetic algorithms simulate the biological evolution process in nature, including selection, crossover, and mutation operations, to progressively optimize parameter combinations. First, the genetic algorithm randomly initializes a population, with each individual representing a set of fuzzy PID parameters. Then, by designing a fitness function, the quality of each individual is evaluated based on system performance indicators such as overshoot, settling time, and steady-state error. Superior individuals are more likely to be selected as "parents." Crossover operations generate new individuals, and mutation operations increase population diversity to avoid getting trapped in local optima.

[0065] like Figure 9 As shown, after multiple iterations, the genetic algorithm gradually approaches the global optimum, finding the parameter combination with the highest fitness, thereby optimizing the performance of the fuzzy PID controller. The optimized fuzzy PID controller can better adapt to complex dynamic systems, significantly improving the system's control accuracy and stability.

[0066] Optionally, simulations were performed on a GA-optimized fuzzy PID control system, a fuzzy PID control system, and a PID control system to verify the effectiveness of the control scheme. It was found that traditional PID control and fuzzy PID control have slightly faster rise times, but larger overshoots, resulting in poor system performance and steady-state stability. In the water-fertilizer pH control system, the maximum overshoot of the PID algorithm was 45.28%, and the steady-state time was 260.14 s, significantly lagging behind the other two algorithms. The use of the Fuzzy-PID algorithm stabilized the maximum overshoot at 22.90% and the steady-state time at 190.40 s, reducing the maximum overshoot and shortening the steady-state time compared to the PID algorithm. The GA-Fuzzy-PID algorithm further reduced the maximum overshoot to 6.61% and shortened the steady-state time to 126.3 s, indicating that the fuzzy PID controller optimized using the genetic algorithm has excellent performance.

[0067] In the irrigation and fertilization control system, the PID algorithm had a maximum overshoot of 41.28% and a steady-state time of 250.1 s, significantly lagging behind the other two algorithms. The use of the Fuzzy-PID algorithm stabilized the maximum overshoot at 19.90% and the steady-state time at 184.4 s, reducing the maximum overshoot and shortening the steady-state time compared to the PID algorithm. The GA-Fuzzy-PID algorithm further reduced the maximum overshoot to 5.61% and shortened the steady-state time to 120.3 s, demonstrating the superior performance of the fuzzy PID controller optimized using the genetic algorithm.

[0068] In some embodiments, a copper-cobalt-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid / nickel foam (CuCox-MOF / NF) was prepared by in-situ synthesis as an electrocatalyst for NO3-. - Effective cathode material for RR. The synergistic catalytic reduction of NO3 by Cu and Ni bimetallic dual-sites is optimized by adjusting the amount of Ni added. - Performance.

[0069] Specifically, first, 2g of Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and a predetermined amount of Co(NO3)2·6H2O (Co 2+ The masses are Cu 2+0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (by weight) of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) were ultrasonically dissolved in ultrapure water to obtain a homogeneous solution (A). 1 g of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) was dissolved in a mixed solution of anhydrous ethanol and N,N-dimethylformamide (volume ratio 1:1) to obtain solution B. Solution A was then slowly poured into solution B, and the mixture was continuously stirred (500 rpm) at room temperature for approximately 30 minutes to ensure homogenization. Pretreated nickel foam was then added to the mixed solution and sealed in an oven at 120°C for 24 hours. The squeezed foam with blue adhering material was collected and rinsed with ultrapure water to remove excess residue from the surface. It was then dried at 60°C for 12 hours.

[0070] like Figure 10 As shown, at -1.0V vs. RHE, the electrocatalytic NO3... - The yield and faradaic efficiency (FE) of NH3 on CuCo0.25–MOF / NF, CuCo0.50–MOF / NP, CuCo0.75–MOF / NV and CuCo1.00–MOF / NF catalysts.

[0071] like Figure 11 As shown, the yield and Faraday efficiency of the CuCo0.5-MOF / NF catalyst under different applied potentials are presented.

[0072] like Figure 12 The figure shows partial current densities of CuCo0.5-MOF / NF and Cu-MOF / NF for the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate (NO3RR) of NH3 at different applied potentials.

[0073] like Figure 13 The figure shows the Faraday efficiency of CuCo0.5-MOF / NF and Cu-MOF / NF catalysts under different applied potentials.

[0074] like Figure 14 The figures show the NH3 yields of CuCo0.5-MOF / NF and Cu-MOF / NF catalysts under different applied potentials.

[0075] like Figure 15 As shown, 0.5M Na2SO4 electrolyte contains 20mM, 40mM, 100mM, and 200mM NO3. - Electrocatalytic NH3 yield and Faradaic efficiency of NO3RR in solution using CuCo0.5-MOF / NF catalyst.

[0076] This embodiment features a highly active, compound microbial fertilizer storage tank. Optionally, the main components are yeast, Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium, and various other microbial agents. These microorganisms can convert inorganic carbon in the soil into organic matter, thereby increasing soil organic matter content, soil physical structure, and chemical environment, and enhancing soil fertility. When the microbial fertilizer is applied simultaneously with irrigation water, it can convert inorganic carbon such as ammonium carbonate and urea into organic matter, further improving soil fertility.

[0077] To address the issues of soil compaction, low organic matter content, and increasing salinity caused by excessive application of inorganic fertilizers to arable land, some embodiments involve installing a filtration system at the source of irrigation water. This system may include, but is not limited to, pretreatment systems (sand filtration, activated carbon filtration), fully automatic water softening equipment, security filters, and reverse osmosis equipment to obtain irrigation water with low calcium and magnesium ion levels.

[0078] Example 2:

[0079] This embodiment provides a method for integrated carbon and nitrogen supply with water and fertilizer from a flue gas source. It uses the integrated carbon and nitrogen supply system with water and fertilizer from a flue gas source as described in Embodiment 1, including: a fuzzy control algorithm optimized based on a genetic algorithm, using a set target pH value for water and fertilizer as the expected value and the actual pH value collected by a pH sensor as the feedback value, to control the opening and closing of a solenoid valve to achieve pH value control for water and fertilizer.

[0080] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this practice and is not intended to limit the scope of this practice. Various modifications and variations can be made to this practice by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this practice should be included within the protection scope of this practice.

Claims

1. Flue gas source carbon and nitrogen coordinated water and fertilizer integrated supply system, characterized by: It includes a mixed fertilizer storage tank, a second water storage tank connected to the mixed fertilizer storage tank through a pipeline, an acid storage tank, an alkali storage tank, a carbon-nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and a bacterial fertilizer storage tank, and a first water storage tank connected to the second water storage tank through a pipeline; Solenoid valves, flow meters and pumps are provided on the pipeline between the first water reservoir and the mixed fertilizer storage tank, on the pipeline between the acid storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank, on the pipeline between the alkali storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank, on the pipeline between the carbon-nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank, on the pipeline between the bacterial fertilizer storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank, and on the pipeline between the mixed fertilizer storage tank and the irrigation area; The carbon-nitrogen fertilizer storage tank is connected to a carbon-nitrogen fertilizer preparation device, a pH sensor is arranged in the mixed fertilizer storage tank, and the pH sensor, all flow meters and all solenoid valves are connected to a controller; the controller is configured as follows: based on a fuzzy control algorithm optimized by a genetic algorithm, a target water-fertilizer pH value is set as an expected value, and the actual pH value collected by the pH sensor is used as a feedback value to control the opening and closing of the solenoid valve to achieve control of the water-fertilizer pH value.

2. The flue gas source carbon and nitrogen coordinated water and fertilizer integrated supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second solenoid valve, a second flowmeter and a second pump are provided on the pipeline between the first water reservoir and the mixed fertilizer storage tank; a third solenoid valve, a third flowmeter and a third pump are provided on the pipeline between the acid storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank; a fourth solenoid valve, a fourth flowmeter and a fourth pump are provided on the pipeline between the alkali solution storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank; a fifth solenoid valve, a fifth flowmeter and a fifth pump are provided on the pipeline between the carbon-nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank; a sixth solenoid valve, a sixth flowmeter and a sixth pump are provided on the pipeline between the bacterial fertilizer storage tank and the mixed fertilizer storage tank; a seventh solenoid valve, a seventh flowmeter and a seventh pump are provided on the pipeline between the mixed fertilizer storage tank and the irrigation area; The carbon-nitrogen fertilizer storage tank is connected to a carbon-nitrogen fertilizer preparation device, a PH sensor is arranged in the mixed fertilizer storage tank, and the PH sensor, the second flow meter, the third flow meter, the fourth flow meter, the fifth flow meter, the sixth flow meter, the seventh flow meter, the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve, the fourth solenoid valve, the fifth solenoid valve, the sixth solenoid valve and the seventh solenoid valve are connected to a controller.

3. The flue gas source carbon and nitrogen coordinated water and fertilizer integrated supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A desalination device is arranged between the first water reservoir and the second water reservoir; a first solenoid valve, a first flow meter and a first pump are arranged on the pipeline between the first water reservoir and the desalination device; the first solenoid valve and the first flow meter are connected to the controller.

4. The flue gas source carbon and nitrogen coordinated water and fertilizer integrated supply system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first pump, the second pump, the third pump, the fourth pump, the fifth pump, the sixth pump and the seventh pump are all centrifugal pumps.

5. The flue gas source carbon and nitrogen coordinated water and fertilizer integrated supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the carbon-nitrogen fertilizer preparation equipment is working, N2 and O2 are first activated by NTP to convert N2 and O2 into NOx, which are then absorbed by alkali solution and then subjected to electrochemical reduction reaction to synthesize ammonia, with nitrogen in flue gas as a nitrogen source and water in an aqueous solution as a hydrogen source.

6. The flue gas source carbon and nitrogen coordinated water and fertilizer integrated supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The controller controls the pH value of water and fertilizer, including three parts: GA optimization algorithm, fuzzy control and water and fertilizer pH calculation. Specifically, the target value of water and fertilizer pH is first set, the mixing fertilizer tank is sampled by the sensor to complete the calculation of the current water and fertilizer pH, and the pH deviation value e and the pH deviation change rate Δe are obtained by subtracting the set value, and the GA intelligent optimization algorithm is input to complete the optimization of the three parameters Kp, Ki and Kd, and combined with the fuzzy control part, the third solenoid valve and the fourth solenoid valve are controlled to complete the adjustment of water and fertilizer pH.

7. The flue gas source carbon and nitrogen coordinated water and fertilizer integrated supply system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The controller is also configured to: control the irrigation and fertilization flow, including three parts: GA optimization algorithm, fuzzy control part and fertilization flow calculation; specifically, first set the target value of the fertilization flow, subtract the current fertilization flow monitored by the flow meter from the set value, input the flow deviation value e and the flow deviation change rate Δe into the GA intelligent optimization algorithm, complete the optimization of the three parameters Kp, Ki and Kd and combine with the fuzzy control part to complete the control of the seventh solenoid valve and complete the adjustment of the irrigation and fertilization flow.

8. The flue gas source carbon and nitrogen coordinated water and fertilizer integrated supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Genetic algorithms are used to automatically adjust the parameters of the fuzzy control algorithm; genetic algorithms are used to gradually optimize parameter combinations by simulating the biological evolution process in nature, including selection, crossover and mutation operations.

9. The flue gas source carbon and nitrogen coordinated water and fertilizer integrated supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A population is randomly initialized, and each individual represents a set of fuzzy parameters. Then, by designing the fitness function, the pros and cons of each individual are evaluated according to the system performance indicators such as overshoot, adjustment time and steady-state error. New individuals are generated through crossover operation, and the diversity of the population is increased through mutation operation.

10. A flue gas source carbon and nitrogen integrated water and fertilizer supply method, characterized in that: The flue gas source carbon-nitrogen coordinated water-fertilizer integrated supply system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is used, including: a fuzzy control algorithm based on genetic algorithm optimization, which sets the target water and fertilizer pH value as the expected value, and the actual pH value collected by the pH sensor as the feedback value to control the opening and closing of the solenoid valve to achieve water and fertilizer pH value control.

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