Multi-transmission artificial noise (AN) cancellation

Abstract

Systems and techniques are provided for performing wireless communications. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a first transmission from a first wireless node via a first channel, the first transmission including a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal, where the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel. The UE may receive a second transmission from a second wireless node via a second channel, the second transmission including a second AN signal combined with a second data signal, where the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel and is different from the first AN signal. The UE may determine a data message based on the first transmission and the second transmission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001]

[0006] In general, aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications. In some implementations, examples of artificial noise (AN) cancellation in wireless communications are described. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcasting, etc. These systems may be able to support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems (such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, advanced LTE (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as new radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ techniques such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations or one or more network access nodes, each of which simultaneously supports communication for multiple communication devices, which may be referred to as user equipment (UE) in other aspects. Some wireless communication systems may support communication between UEs, which may involve direct transmission between two or more UEs. Summary of the invention

[0003] A simplified overview of one or more aspects disclosed herein is provided below. Therefore, the following overview should not be considered an exhaustive review of all expected aspects, and the following overview should neither be considered to identify key or important elements related to all expected aspects, nor should it be considered to depict the scope associated with any particular aspect. Accordingly, the sole purpose of the following overview is to provide certain concepts related to one or more aspects of the mechanisms disclosed herein in a simplified form as a prelude to the detailed description given below.

[0004] Disclosed are systems, methods, devices, and computer-readable media for performing wireless communications. According to at least one illustrative example, a method of wireless communications performed at a user equipment (UE) is provided. The method includes: receiving a first transmission from a first wireless node via a first channel, the first transmission including a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel; receiving a second transmission from a second wireless node via a second channel, the second transmission including a second AN signal combined with a second data signal, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel and is different from the first AN signal; and determining a data message based on the first transmission and the second transmission.

[0005] In another example, a device of a user equipment (UE) for wireless communication is provided, the device comprising at least one memory (e.g., configured to store data) and at least one processor (e.g., implemented in a circuit) coupled to the at least one memory. The at least one processor is configured and capable of performing the following operations: receiving a first transmission from a first wireless node via a first channel, the first transmission comprising a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel; receiving a second transmission from a second wireless node via a second channel, the second transmission comprising a second AN signal combined with a second data signal, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel and is different from the first AN signal; and determining a data message based on the first transmission and the second transmission.

[0006] In another example, a non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon is provided, which when executed by one or more processors causes the one or more processors to perform the following operations: receiving a first transmission from a first wireless node via a first channel, the first transmission comprising a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel; receiving a second transmission from a second wireless node via a second channel, the second transmission comprising a second AN signal combined with a second data signal, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel and is different from the first AN signal; and determining a data message based on the first transmission and the second transmission.

[0007] In another example, an apparatus for wireless communication performed at a user equipment (UE) is provided. The apparatus includes: a unit for receiving a first transmission from a first wireless node via a first channel, the first transmission including a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel; a unit for receiving a second transmission from a second wireless node via a second channel, the second transmission including a second AN signal combined with a second data signal, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel and is different from the first AN signal; and a unit for determining a data message based on the first transmission and the second transmission.

[0008] In another example, a method of wireless communication performed at a first wireless node is provided. The method includes: receiving channel state information (CSI) of a first channel between the first wireless node and an antenna of a user equipment (UE); receiving a first filter coefficient associated with the antenna of the UE; receiving an index value indicating an assigned position of the first wireless node in a set of wireless nodes; and sending a first transmission to the UE, the first transmission including a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the first channel, the first filter coefficient, and the index value.

[0009] In another example, an apparatus of a wireless node for wireless communication is provided, the apparatus comprising at least one memory (e.g., configured to store data) and at least one processor (e.g., implemented in a circuit) coupled to the at least one memory. The at least one processor is configured and capable of performing the following operations: receiving channel state information (CSI) of a first channel between the wireless node and an antenna of a user equipment (UE); receiving a first filter coefficient associated with the antenna of the UE; receiving an index value indicating an assigned position of the wireless node in a set of wireless nodes; and sending a first transmission to the UE, the first transmission comprising a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the first channel, the first filter coefficient, and the index value.

[0010] In another example, a non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon is provided, which, when executed by one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform the following operations: receiving channel state information (CSI) of a first channel between a wireless node and an antenna of a user equipment (UE); receiving first filter coefficients associated with the antenna of the UE; receiving an index value indicating an assigned position of the wireless node in a set of wireless nodes; and sending a first transmission to the UE, the first transmission comprising a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the first channel, the first filter coefficients, and the index value.

[0011] In another example, an apparatus for wireless communication performed at a first wireless node is provided. The apparatus includes: a unit for receiving channel state information (CSI) of a first channel between the first wireless node and an antenna of a user equipment (UE); a unit for receiving a first filter coefficient associated with the antenna of the UE; a unit for receiving an index value indicating an assigned position of the first wireless node in a set of wireless nodes; and a unit for sending a first transmission to the UE, the first transmission including a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the first channel, the first filter coefficient, and the index value.

[0012] Aspects of the present invention generally include methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, wireless communication devices and / or processing systems as fully described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings and descriptions and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings and descriptions.

[0013] The foregoing has been fairly broadly summarized according to the features and technical advantages of the examples of the present disclosure, so that the following detailed description can be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described below. The disclosed concepts and specific examples can be easily used as the basis for modifying or designing other structures for the same purpose of achieving the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. When considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein (both their organization and method of operation) and the associated advantages will be better understood according to the description below. Each of the figures in the accompanying drawings is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is not intended to be a definition of the limitations of the claims.

[0014] Although various aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustrating some examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that such aspects can be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. Different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes and / or packaging arrangements can be used to implement the technology described herein. For example, some aspects can be implemented via integrated chip implementations and other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchase equipment, medical devices and / or artificial intelligence devices). Various aspects can be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components and / or system-level components. The device incorporating the described aspects and features may include additional components and features for the implementation and implementation of the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders and / or adders). The aspects described herein are intended to be implemented in various devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements and / or end-user devices with different sizes, shapes and configurations.

[0015] Other objects and advantages associated with the various aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the drawings and detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify the key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used in isolation to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter. The subject matter should be understood with reference to appropriate portions of the entire specification of this patent, any or all of the drawings, and each claim.

[0016] The foregoing and other features and aspects will become more fully apparent after reference to the following description, claims and accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The accompanying drawings are presented to aid in describing various aspects of the present disclosure and are provided solely for illustration of the aspects and not limitation thereof.

[0018] Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques, according to some examples;

[0019] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating designs of base stations and user equipment (UE) apparatus that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques, according to some examples, that enable transmission and processing of signals exchanged between the UE and the base station;

[0020] Figure 3is a diagram illustrating an example of a decomposed base station architecture according to some examples;

[0021] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame structure that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques according to some examples;

[0022] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a time slot format table that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques according to some examples;

[0023] Figure 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a computing system of an electronic device that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques according to some examples;

[0024] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating examples of physical channels and reference signals in a wireless network according to some examples;

[0025] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of artificial noise (AN) cancellation associated with multiple transmissions sent by one or more wireless nodes to a single antenna receiver according to some examples;

[0026] Fig. 9 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process for performing AN elimination based on channel quality of transmit receive point (TRP) candidates according to some examples;

[0027] Fig.10 is a diagram illustrating an example of AN cancellation associated with multiple transmissions sent by one or more wireless nodes to a multiple-antenna receiver according to some examples;

[0028] Fig.11 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) according to some examples;

[0029] Fig.12 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process for wireless communications at a first wireless node according to some examples; and

[0030] Fig.13 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a computing system according to some examples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Some aspects and examples of the present disclosure are provided below for the purpose of illustration. Various aspects of substitution can be designed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, the known elements of the present disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted to avoid obscuring the relevant details of the present disclosure. Some aspects and examples described herein can be applied independently, and some of them can be applied in combination, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. In the following description, for the purpose of explanation, specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of aspects and examples of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent that various aspects and examples can be put into practice without these specific details. The accompanying drawings and descriptions are not intended to be restrictive.

[0032] The following description provides example aspects and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of the present disclosure. On the contrary, the following description of the exemplary aspects will provide an enabling description for implementing examples and aspects of the present disclosure for those skilled in the art. It should be understood that various changes may be made to the functions and arrangements of the elements without departing from the scope of the present application as set forth in the appended claims.

[0033] Wireless communication networks may be deployed to provide various communication services, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, any combination thereof, or other communication services. A wireless communication network may support both access links and sidelinks for communication between wireless devices. An access link may refer to any communication link between a client device (e.g., a user equipment (UE), a station (STA), or other client device) and a base station (e.g., a 3GPP gNB for 5G / NR, a 3GPP eNB for 4G / LTE, a Wi-Fi access point (AP), or other base station). For example, an access link may support uplink signaling, downlink signaling, connection procedures, etc. An example of an access link is a Uu link or interface (also referred to as NR-Uu) between a 3GPP gNB and a UE.

[0034] Security is an important aspect of wireless communications. Wireless channels are broadcast in nature, and in some examples, any wireless device with radio frequency (RF) capabilities (e.g., user equipment (UE)) may potentially eavesdrop on or intercept ongoing transmissions or data exchanges. In Internet of Things (IoT) device communications, where a large number of devices may be connected and / or communicating with each other, the security risk may be even greater due to the relatively high number of potential data leakage points. Therefore, there is a need to prevent eavesdropping by unauthorized receivers and prevent information leakage in wireless communications.

[0035] The upper layer communication may be transmitted using a pre-configured security mechanism (such as an encryption function). However, the transmission of reference signals (RS) and / or other information sent via a physical control channel (e.g., a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), etc.) may be unsecured.

[0036] For example, physical control channels (e.g., PDCCH, PUCCH, etc.) and RS can be used to perform various network functions (e.g., channel estimation, uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) authorization, positioning, etc.), but are sent without security protection or security mechanisms to prevent eavesdropping by unauthorized receivers. In some cases, if an eavesdropper (e.g., an unauthorized receiver) were to intercept and modify such control information, the eavesdropper could cause a service interruption event for the UE (e.g., or other intended receivers), or result in a reduction in data throughput. Such attacks could also compromise the reliability of wireless communications. Systems and techniques that can be used to protect physical (PHY) layer transmissions are needed.

[0037] Systems, devices, processes (also referred to as methods), and computer-readable media (collectively referred to as "systems and techniques") that can be used to protect PHY layer transmissions and signals based on spatial artificial noise (AN) cancellation are described herein. For example, a data message (e.g., also referred to as a "legitimate message" or a "confidential message") can be sent by multiple transmitters (e.g., a base station or UE) to a given receiver (e.g., another base station or UE). In some cases, each transmitter can send the same data message. For example, each transmitter can send an entire data message. In some cases, one or more (or all) transmitters can send different parts of a data message so that a given receiver obtains each part of the data message from at least one transmitter.

[0038] In some cases, artificial noise (AN) can be added to PHY layer transmissions to shield legitimate or confidential data messages. For example, AN injection (e.g., adding an AN signal to a confidential data signal) can be used to prevent an eavesdropping device from correctly decoding a legitimate signal, and in some cases, completely prevent an eavesdropping device from identifying a PHY layer transmission. As will be described in more depth below, an AN signal can be added by a transmitter to a legitimate data signal (e.g., or a portion thereof) without affecting time domain or frequency domain resources. In some examples, AN can be added to any PHY layer communication, including RS, physical control channels, physical shared channels, physical sidelink channels, and the like. It should be noted that the term "channel" as used herein can relate to a physical layer communication channel and / or a region of a communication channel to which an AN can be added (e.g., an RS region, a control region, a data region, etc.).

[0039] AN is a signal that is sent concurrently with a legitimate signal or otherwise added to a legitimate signal (e.g., combined with a legitimate signal) to intentionally corrupt the legitimate signal. In some examples, the An signal may be generated based on channel state information (CSI) and / or channel quality information (CQI) associated with one or more of a transmitting node (e.g., a UE or a base station) and / or an intended receiving node (e.g., another UE or a base station). For example, the AN signal may be generated based on CSI associated with a channel between a base station and a UE.

[0040] In some cases, a CSI reference signal (CSI-RS) may be sent by a network node (e.g., a base station or an aspect of a decomposed base station) to a UE. The UE may use the CSI-RS to estimate channel quality and report the estimated channel quality (e.g., via CQI) back to the network node. The CSI-RS and reported CSI described herein may be implemented on a wide variety of telecommunication systems, network architectures, and communication standards (e.g., the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)).

[0041] In some examples, multiple AN signals may be generated for the same legitimate signal (e.g., or a portion thereof) and used to transmit corrupted or obfuscated versions of the legitimate signal (or a corresponding portion thereof) such that the AN component of each transmission may be canceled at the intended recipient after soft combining the spatially separated instances of the transmission. In some examples, multiple transmitting devices (e.g., a base station and / or a UE) may be used to collaboratively provide security to a PHY layer signal based on each of the multiple transmitting devices intentionally compromising the legitimate signal by adding an AN in the power domain. In some aspects, the legitimate signal and the AN may use the same precoder.

[0042] In some examples, a desired receiver (e.g., another base station or UE) can decode a legitimate data message by removing (e.g., canceling) an AN signal portion or contribution included in each of a plurality of transmissions received from a transmitting device. For example, the systems and techniques can be used to provide collaborative spatial AN cancellation, where a UE receives a plurality of AN impaired transmissions, each AN impaired transmission being generated based on combining a different AN signal with a respective copy (e.g., or a portion thereof) of a legitimate data message.

[0043] In some aspects, multiple transmitters can generate multiple AN impaired transmissions based on CSI of a channel between a corresponding transmitter (e.g., a base station or UE) and an intended receiver (e.g., a UE). Based on using the CSI of the intended receiver to generate an AN signal added to each copy of a legitimate data message, the AN signal can be generated so that when the intended receiver soft combines all received copies of the AN impaired transmission, the AN contribution automatically disappears (e.g., is cancelled). In some aspects, the systems and techniques can be used to implement AN cancellation using a spatially designed AN signal based on the CSI of the intended receiver so that the contribution of the AN signal can be cancelled only by the intended receiver.

[0044] In some cases, soft combining can be performed by combining multiple received signals or transmissions using a statistical algorithm (e.g., or other means) for error recovery. For example, soft combining can be performed based on using one or more buffers to store received transmissions for subsequent combining operations. In some examples, multiple AN impaired transmissions received at a UE or other intended receiver can be combined to automatically eliminate (e.g., cancel) the AN contribution included in each AN impaired transmission. After eliminating the AN contribution from the multiple AN impaired transmissions, the legitimate data message (e.g., a legitimate data message combined with a different AN signal at each transmitter that generates the AN impaired transmission) is retained and can be decoded or otherwise used by the UE. In some aspects, by sending multiple AN impaired transmissions, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the legitimate data message recovered at the UE can be improved (e.g., based on the above-described soft combining) relative to sending the legitimate data message using a single transmission.

[0045] In some examples, the eavesdropping device will be unable to recover legitimate data messages based on receiving some (or all) of the AN impaired transmissions. For example, an AN signal based on the CSI between each transmitter (e.g., a base station or UE) and the intended receiver (e.g., a UE) can be used to generate an AN impaired transmission. When the eavesdropping device is not in the same location as the intended receiver, the CSI between the eavesdropping device and each transmitter will be different from the CSI between the intended receiver and each corresponding transmitter. Because the eavesdropping device thus receives any intercepted AN impaired transmissions with different CSIs, the eavesdropping device will be unable to eliminate the AN contribution included in any intercepted AN impaired transmission (e.g., even in the case of soft combining of multiple signals, the spatial dimensions of the AN impaired transmission may not be eliminated by the eavesdropping device).

[0046] In some aspects, multiple transmitting devices may simultaneously transmit each of the AN impaired transmissions. For example, the AN impaired transmissions may be simultaneously transmitted based on each AN impaired transmission using different beams associated with a unique antenna, antenna port, or antenna group of an intended receiver (e.g., UE). In some cases, multiple AN impaired transmissions may be transmitted so that the intended receiver (e.g., UE) receives some (or all) of the multiple AN impaired transmissions in the same time slot and / or frequency band. In some aspects, multiple transmitting devices may use time or frequency multiplexing to transmit AN impaired transmissions. For example, an intended receiver (e.g., UE) may receive multiple AN impaired transmissions (e.g., from different transmitters) that are multiplexed in time (e.g., using time division duplexing (TDD)) or in frequency (e.g., using frequency division duplexing (FDD)).

[0047] Other aspects of the systems and techniques will be described with respect to the accompanying figures.

[0048] As used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" can be information, conditions, factors, etc.) should be interpreted as "based at least on A" unless specifically stated differently.

[0049] As used herein, unless otherwise noted, the terms "user equipment" (UE) and "network entity" are not intended to be specific to or otherwise limited to any particular radio access technology (RAT). In general, a UE may be any wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, a router, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, and / or a tracking device, etc.), a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses, a wearable ring, and / or an extended reality (XR) device, such as a virtual reality (VR) headset, an augmented reality (AR) headset or glasses, or a mixed reality (MR) headset), a vehicle (e.g., a car, a motorcycle, a bicycle, etc.), an aircraft (e.g., an airplane, a jet, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or drone, a helicopter, an airship, a glider, etc.), and / or an Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.) used by a user to communicate on a wireless communication network. A UE may be mobile or (e.g., at certain times) may be fixed and may communicate with a radio access network (RAN). As used herein, the term "UE" may be interchangeably referred to as an "access terminal" or "AT," a "client device," a "wireless device," a "subscriber device," a "subscriber terminal," a "subscriber station," a "user terminal" or UT, a "mobile device," a "mobile terminal," a "mobile station," or variations thereof. Typically, a UE is able to communicate with a core network via a RAN, and the core network is able to connect the UE to external networks such as the Internet and to other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for the UE to connect to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible, such as on a wired access network, a wireless local area network (WLAN) network (e.g., based on IEEE 802.11 communication standards, etc.), and the like.

[0050] The network entity may be implemented in a converged or monolithic base station architecture, or alternatively, in a disaggregated base station architecture, and may include one or more of a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC. A base station (e.g., having a converged / monolithic base station architecture or a disaggregated base station architecture) may operate according to one of several RATs in communication with a UE, depending on the network in which the base station is deployed, and the base station may be alternatively referred to as an access point (AP), a network node, a NodeB (NB), an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), a new radio (NR) NodeB (also referred to as a gNB or gNodeB), etc. A base station may be primarily used to support wireless access for UEs, including supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections for supported UEs. In some systems, a base station may provide edge node signaling functionality, while in other systems, it may provide additional control and / or network management functionality. The communication link through which the UE can send a signal to the base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse control channel, an access channel, etc.). The communication link through which the base station can send a signal to the UE is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, a broadcast channel, or a forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein, the term traffic channel (TCH) may refer to an uplink, a reverse or downlink, and / or a forward traffic channel.

[0051] The term "network entity" or "base station" (e.g., having an aggregated / monolithic base station architecture or a disaggregated base station architecture) may refer to a single physical transmit receive point (TRP), or to multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located. For example, where the term "network entity" or "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be an antenna of the base station corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. Where the term "network entity" or "base station" refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP may be an antenna array of the base station (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming). Where the term "base station" refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (e.g., a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transmission medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (e.g., a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, the non-co-located physical TRP may be the serving base station receiving the measurement report from the UE and the neighbor base station whose reference radio frequency (RF) signal (e.g., or simply "reference signal") the UE is measuring. Because, as used herein, a TRP is the point from which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, references to transmissions from a base station or receptions at a base station should be understood to refer to a specific TRP of a base station.

[0052] In some implementations of supporting positioning of a UE, a network entity or base station may not support wireless access for the UE (e.g., may not support data, voice, and / or signaling connections for the UE), but may instead send a reference signal to the UE for measurement by the UE, and / or may receive and measure a signal sent by the UE. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., when sending a signal to the UE) and / or a position measurement unit (e.g., when receiving and measuring a signal from the UE).

[0053] As described herein, a node (which may be referred to as a node, a network node, a network entity, or a wireless node) may include, be, or be included in a base station (e.g., any base station described herein), a UE (e.g., any UE described herein), a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a distributed unit (DU), a central unit (CU), a remote unit (RU), and / or another processing entity configured to perform any technology described herein (e.g., a component thereof). For example, the network node may be a UE. As another example, the network node may be a base station or a network entity. As another example, a first network node may be configured to communicate with a second network node or a third network node. In one aspect of this example, the first network node may be a UE, the second network node may be a base station, and the third network node may be a UE. In another aspect of this example, the first network node may be a UE, the second network node may be a base station, and the third network node may be a base station. In other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third network nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, references to UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. may include disclosure of UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. as a network node. For example, a disclosure that a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network node is configured to receive information from a second network node. Consistent with the present disclosure, once a specific example is broadened in accordance with the present disclosure (e.g., a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network node is configured to receive information from a second network node), a broader example of a narrower example may be interpreted conversely, but in a broad, open manner. In the above example, where a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network node is configured to receive information from a second network node, a first network node may refer to a first UE, a first base station, a first apparatus, a first device, a first computing system, a first one or more components, a first processing entity, etc. configured to receive information; and a second network node may refer to a second UE, a second base station, a second apparatus, a second device, a second computing system, a second one or more components, a second processing entity, etc.

[0054] As described herein, the communication of information (e.g., any information, signal, etc.) can be described in various aspects using different terms. The disclosure of one communication term includes the disclosure of other communication terms. For example, a first network node can be described as being configured to send information to a second network node. In this example and consistent with the present disclosure, the disclosure that the first network node is configured to send information to the second network node includes the disclosure that the first network node is configured to provide, send, output, transmit or send information to the second network node. Similarly, in this example and consistent with the present disclosure, the disclosure that the first network node is configured to send information to the second network node includes the disclosure that the second network node is configured to receive, obtain or decode information provided, sent, output, transmitted or sent by the first network node.

[0055] RF signals include electromagnetic waves of a given frequency that transmit information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may send a single "RF signal" or multiple "RF signals" to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, a receiver may receive multiple "RF signals" corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same RF signal transmitted on different paths between a transmitter and a receiver may be referred to as a "multipath" RF signal. As used herein, RF signals may also be referred to as "wireless signals" or simply "signals", where it is clear from the context that the term "signal" refers to either wireless signals or RF signals.

[0056] Various aspects of the systems and techniques described herein will be discussed below with reference to the accompanying drawings. According to various aspects, Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 is shown. The wireless communication system 100 (which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN) for example) may include various base stations 102 and various UEs 104. In some aspects, the base stations 102 may also be referred to as "network entities" or "network nodes". One or more of the base stations 102 may be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture. Additionally or alternatively, one or more of the base stations 102 may be implemented in a decomposed base station architecture and may include one or more of a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC. The base stations 102 may include macro cell base stations (e.g., high power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (e.g., low power cellular base stations). In one aspect, the macro cell base station may include an eNB and / or an ng-eNB (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to a long term evolution (LTE) network) or a gNB (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an NR network) or a combination of both, and the small cell base station may include a femto cell, a pico cell, a micro cell, etc.

[0057] The base stations 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)) via a backhaul link 122, and interface with one or more location servers 172 (e.g., which may be part of the core network 170 or may be external to the core network 170) via the core network 170. The base stations 102 may perform, among other functions, functions related to one or more of the following: transmitting user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and device tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via the EPC or 5GC) via a backhaul link 134 (which may be wired and / or wireless).

[0058] The base station 102 can communicate with the UE 104 wirelessly. Each of the base stations 102 can provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. In one aspect, the base station 102 can support one or more cells in each coverage area 110. A "cell" is a logical communication entity used to communicate with a base station (e.g., on a certain frequency resource (referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, frequency band, etc.)), and can be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCI), a virtual cell identifier (VCI), a cell global identifier (CGI)) for distinguishing cells operating via the same or different carrier frequencies. In some cases, different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine type communication (MTC), narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) or other protocol types) that can provide access to different types of UEs. Because a cell is supported by a specific base station, the term "cell" can refer to either or both of the logical communication entity and the base station supporting it, depending on the context. In addition, since the TRP is generally the physical transmission point of the cell, the terms "cell" and "TRP" can be used interchangeably. In some cases, the term "cell" can also refer to a geographic coverage area (e.g., a sector) of a base station, within which a carrier frequency can be detected and used for communications within a portion of the geographic coverage area 110.

[0059] Although the geographic coverage areas 110 of adjacent macrocell base stations 102 may partially overlap (e.g., in a handoff region), some of the geographic coverage areas 110 may substantially overlap with the larger geographic coverage areas 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' may have a coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the coverage area 110 of one or more macrocell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell base stations and macrocell base stations may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home eNB (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group referred to as a closed subscriber group (CSG).

[0060] The communication link 120 between the base station 102 and the UE 104 may include an uplink (e.g., also referred to as a reverse link) transmission from the UE 104 to the base station 102 and / or a downlink (e.g., also referred to as a forward link) transmission from the base station 102 to the UE 104. The communication link 120 may use MIMO antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link 120 may be provided using one or more carrier frequencies. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to the downlink and uplink (e.g., a greater or lesser number of carriers may be allocated for the downlink than for the uplink).

[0061] Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., one or more of a base station 102, a UE 104, etc.) to shape and direct an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming can be implemented based on the following operations: combining signals transmitted via antenna elements of an antenna array so that some signals propagating in a specific orientation relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to signals transmitted via antenna elements may include: the transmitting device or the receiving device applying an amplitude offset, a phase offset, or both to signals carried via antenna elements associated with the device. Adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a set of beamforming weights associated with a specific orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting device or the receiving device, or relative to some other orientation).

[0062] As part of the beamforming operation, a transmitting device and / or a receiving device (e.g., such as one or more of the base station 102 and / or the UE 104) may use beam scanning techniques. For example, the base station 102 (e.g., or other transmitting device) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to perform beamforming operations for directional communication with the UE 104 (e.g., or other receiving device). The base station 102 (or other transmitting device) may transmit some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) multiple times in different directions. For example, the base station 102 may transmit signals according to different sets of beamforming weights associated with different transmission directions. Transmissions in different beam directions may be used (e.g., by a transmitting device (such as the base station 102) or by a receiving device (such as the UE 104)) to identify a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the base station 102.

[0063] Base station 102 may transmit some signals (e.g., data signals associated with a particular receiving device (e.g., UE 104)) in a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmission along the single beam direction may be determined based on signals transmitted in one or more beam directions. For example, UE 104 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by base station 102 in different directions and may report to base station 104 an indication of the signal received by UE 104 having the highest signal quality or otherwise acceptable signal quality.

[0064] In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a base station 102 or a UE 104) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a base station 102 to a UE 104, from a transmitting device to a receiving device, etc.) using a combination of digital precoding or radio frequency beamforming. The UE 104 may report feedback indicating precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured number of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more subbands. The base station 102 may transmit reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), etc.) that may be precoded or not precoded. The UE 104 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals sent by base station 102 in one or more directions, UE 104 may employ similar techniques to send signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., to identify a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by UE 104) or to send signals in a single direction (e.g., to send data to a receiving device).

[0065] When receiving various signals (such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) from the base station 102, the receiving device (e.g., UE 104) can try multiple reception configurations (e.g., directional listening). For example, the receiving device can try multiple reception directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing the received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different reception beamforming weight sets applied to the signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array (e.g., different directional listening weight sets), or by processing the received signals according to different reception beamforming weight sets applied to the signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array (any of the above operations may be referred to as "listening" according to different reception configurations or reception directions). In some examples, the receiving device can use a single reception configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). A single receive configuration may be aligned on a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have the highest signal strength, the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0066] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a WLAN AP 150 that communicates with a WLAN station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in an unlicensed spectrum (e.g., 5 gigahertz (GHz)). When communicating in an unlicensed spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and / or the WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or a listen-before-talk (LBT) process before communicating to determine whether a channel is available. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include a device (e.g., UE, etc.) that communicates with one or more UEs 104, base stations 102, APs 150, etc. using an ultra-wideband (UWB) spectrum. The UWB spectrum may range from 3.1 to 10.5 GHz.

[0067] The small cell base station 102' can operate in a licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed spectrum, the small cell base station 102' can adopt LTE or NR technology and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum as the 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum used by the WLAN AP 150. The small cell base station 102' adopting LTE and / or 5G in the unlicensed spectrum can improve the coverage of the access network and / or increase the capacity of the access network. NR in the unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as NR-U. LTE in the unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as LTE-U, License Assisted Access (LAA) or MulteFire.

[0068] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a millimeter wave (mmW) base station 180 for communicating with the UE 182, which may operate in mmW frequencies and / or near mmW frequencies. The mmW base station 180 may be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture, or alternatively, in a decomposed base station architecture (e.g., including one or more of a CU, DU, RU, near RT RIC, or non-RT RIC). Extremely high frequency (EHF) is a portion of RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and has a wavelength between 1 mm and 10 mm. Radio waves in this band may be referred to as millimeter waves. Near mmW may extend downward to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 mm. Super high frequency (SHF) bands extend between 3 GHz and 30 GHz and are also referred to as centimeter waves. Communications using mmW and / or near mmW radio frequency bands have high path loss and relatively short distances. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 may utilize beamforming (e.g., transmit and / or receive) on the mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short distance. In addition, it will be appreciated that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also transmit using mmW or near-mmW and beamforming. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the foregoing description is merely an example and should not be construed as limiting the various aspects disclosed herein.

[0069] In some aspects related to 5G, the spectrum in which a wireless network node or entity (e.g., base station 102 / 180, UE 104 / 182) operates is divided into multiple frequency ranges: FR1 (e.g., from 450 to 6000 megahertz (MHz)), FR2 (e.g., from 24250 to 52600 MHz), FR3 (e.g., above 52600 MHz), and FR4 (e.g., between FR1 and FR2). In a multi-carrier system (such as 5G), one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as a "primary carrier" or "anchor carrier" or "primary serving cell" or "PCell", and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as "secondary carriers" or "secondary serving cells" or "SCells". In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is a carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) utilized by the UE 104 / 182 and the cell in which the UE 104 / 182 performs an initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates an RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels and can be a carrier in a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case). A secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2), where the second frequency can be configured once an RRC connection is established between the UE 104 and the anchor carrier, and can be used to provide additional radio resources. In some cases, the secondary carrier can be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier can contain only necessary signaling information and signals, for example, there may be no UE-specific signaling information and signals in the secondary carrier, because both the primary uplink carrier and the primary downlink carrier are usually UE-specific. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 in a cell can have different downlink primary carriers. This is also true for the uplink primary carrier. The network can change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. This is done to, for example, balance the load on different carriers. Since a "serving cell" (e.g., whether PCell or SCell) corresponds to a carrier frequency and / or component carrier on which a base station is communicating, the terms "cell", "serving cell", "component carrier", "carrier frequency", etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0070] For example, still referring to Figure 1, one of the frequencies utilized by the macrocell base station 102 may be an anchor carrier (or "PCell"), and the other frequencies utilized by the macrocell base station 102 and / or the mmW base station 180 may be secondary carriers ("SCells"). In carrier aggregation, the base station 102 and / or the UE 104 may use a spectrum of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100 MHz) bandwidth per carrier for a total of up to Yx MHz (e.g., x component carriers) for transmission in each direction. The component carriers may be adjacent to each other or may not be adjacent to each other in the spectrum. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to the downlink and uplink (e.g., a greater or lesser number of carriers may be allocated for the downlink than for the uplink). Simultaneous transmission and / or reception of multiple carriers enables the UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rate. For example, two 20 MHz aggregated carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically result in a two-fold increase in data rate (e.g., 40 MHz) (compared to the data rate achieved by a single 20 MHz carrier).

[0071] To operate on multiple carrier frequencies, the base station 102 and / or the UE 104 may be equipped with multiple receivers and / or transmitters. For example, the UE 104 may have two receivers, namely, "receiver 1" and "receiver 2", where "receiver 1" is a multi-band receiver that can be tuned to either band (e.g., carrier frequency) 'X' or band 'Y', and "receiver 2" is a single-band receiver that can be tuned only to band 'Z'. In this example, if the UE 104 is served in band 'X', then band 'X' will be referred to as the PCell or active carrier frequency, and "receiver 1" will need to tune from band 'X' to band 'Y' (e.g., SCell) in order to measure band 'Y' (and vice versa). In contrast, regardless of whether the UE 104 is served in band 'X' or band 'Y', due to the separate "receiver 2", the UE 104 can measure band 'Z' without interrupting the service on band 'X' or band 'Y'.

[0072] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a UE 164 that may communicate with the macrocell base station 102 over the communication link 120 and / or communicate with the mmW base station 180 over the mmW communication link 184. For example, the macrocell base station 102 may support a PCell and one or more SCells for the UE 164, and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.

[0073] The wireless communication system 100 may also include one or more UEs (such as UE 190) indirectly connected to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (e.g., referred to as “sidelinks”). Figure 1 In the example of FIG. 1 , UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of UEs 104 connected to one of base stations 102 (e.g., through D2D P2P link 192, UE 190 can indirectly obtain cellular connectivity) and a D2D P2P link 194 with WLAN STA 152 connected to WLAN AP 150 (e.g., through D2D P2P link 194, UE 190 can indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity). In an example, any well-known D2D RAT (such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), Wi-Fi Direct (Wi-Fi-D), etc.) to support D2D P2P links 192 and 194.

[0074] Figure 2 A block diagram of an example architecture 200 of a base station 102 and a UE 104 is shown, which enables transmission and processing of signals exchanged between the UE and the base station according to some aspects of the present disclosure. The example architecture 200 includes a base station 102 and a UE 104 (which may be Figure 1 Components of one of the base stations 102 and one of the UEs 104 are shown in FIG. The base station 102 may be equipped with T antennas 234a through 234t, and the UE 104 may be equipped with R antennas 252a through 252r, where in general, T≥1 and R≥1.

[0075] At the base station 102, the transmit processor 220 may receive data for one or more UEs from the data source 212, select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for each UE based on a channel quality indicator (CQI) received from the UE, process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for each UE based on the MCS selected for the UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. The transmit processor 220 may also process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI), etc.) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, upper layer signaling, etc.), and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signals (PSS) and secondary synchronization signals (SSS)). The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MODs) 232a to 232t. The modulators 232a to 232t are shown as combined modulator-demodulators (MOD-DEMODs). In some cases, the modulator and demodulator may be separate components. Each modulator in the modulators 232a to 232t may process a corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator in the modulators 232a to 232t may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and up-convert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. T downlink signals from modulators 232a to 232t may be sent via T antennas 234a to 234t, respectively. According to certain aspects described in greater detail below, position encoding may be utilized to generate a synchronization signal to convey additional information.

[0076] At UE 104, antennas 252a to 252r can receive downlink signals from base station 102 and / or other base stations, and can provide received signals to one or more demodulators (DEMOD) 254a to 254r, respectively. Demodulators 254a to 254r are shown as combined modulator-demodulators (MOD-DEMOD). In some cases, modulators and demodulators can be separate components. Each demodulator in demodulators 254a to 254r can adjust (e.g., filter, amplify, down-convert and digitize) received signals to obtain input samples. Each demodulator in demodulators 254a to 254r can further process input samples (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. MIMO detector 256 can obtain received symbols from all R demodulators 254a to 254r, perform MIMO detection (if applicable) on received symbols, and provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 104 to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information and system information to a controller / processor 280. The channel processor may determine a reference signal received power (RSRP), a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), a channel quality indicator (CQI), etc.

[0077] On the uplink, at the UE 104, a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information from a controller / processor 280 (e.g., for reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, etc.). The transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals (e.g., based on a beta value or set of beta values ​​associated with the one or more reference signals). The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the TX-MIMO processor 266, further processed by the modulators 254a through 254r (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM, CP-OFDM, etc.), and transmitted to the base station 102. At the base station 102, uplink signals from the UE 104 and other UEs may be received by antennas 234a to 234t, processed by demodulators 232a to 232t, detected by a MIMO detector 236 (if applicable), and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by the UE 104. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to a controller (e.g., processor) 240. The base station 102 may include a communication unit 244 and communicate with the network controller 231 via the communication unit 244. The network controller 231 may include a communication unit 294, a controller / processor 290, and a memory 292.

[0078] In some aspects, one or more components of the UE 104 may be included in a housing. The controller 240 of the base station 102, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 104, and / or Figure 2 Any other components of may perform one or more techniques associated with determining an implicit UCIbeta value for NR.

[0079] Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for base station 102 and UE 104, respectively. A scheduler 246 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink, uplink, and / or sidelink.

[0080] In some aspects, the deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G New Radio (NR) system) can be arranged in a variety of ways with various components or components. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobile element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element, or a network device (such as a base station (BS) or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functions) can be implemented in an aggregated or decomposed architecture. For example, a BS (e.g., such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a transmit receive point (TRP), or a cell, etc.) can be implemented as an aggregated base station (e.g., also referred to as an independent BS or a monolithic BS) or a decomposed base station.

[0081] An aggregated base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A decomposed base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed between two or more units (e.g., such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed in one or more other RAN nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of a CU, a DU, and a RU may also be implemented as a virtual unit (i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU)).

[0082] Base station type operations or network designs may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (e.g., a network configuration such as sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtual radio access network (e.g., vRAN, also referred to as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Disaggregation may include allocating functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually allocating functionality for at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Individual units of a disaggregated base station or disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0083] Figure 3is a diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station 300 architecture. The decomposed base station 300 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 310, which may communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with a core network 320 through one or more decomposed base station units (e.g., such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 325 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 315 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 305, or both). The CU 310 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 330 via corresponding mid-haul links such as an F1 interface. The DU 330 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 340 via corresponding fronthaul links. The RU 340 may communicate with corresponding UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served by multiple RUs 340 simultaneously.

[0084] Unit (for example, Figure 3 Each of the CU 310, DU 330, RU 340 shown in and / or described herein, as well as the near-RT RIC 325, the non-RT RIC 315, and the SMO framework 305 may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces, and the one or more interfaces are configured to receive or send signals, data, or information (e.g., collectively referred to as signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each unit in the unit or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interface of the unit may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. For example, a unit may include a wired interface that is configured to receive a signal on a wired transmission medium or send a signal to one or more other units in the other units. In addition, a unit may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (e.g., such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) that is configured to receive a signal on a wireless transmission medium or send a signal to one or more other units in the other units, or both.

[0085] In some aspects, CU 310 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface configured to transmit signals with other control functions hosted by CU 310. CU310 may be configured to process user plane functions (e.g., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functions (e.g., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (e.g., via an E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration). If necessary, CU 310 may be implemented to communicate with DU 330 for network control and signaling.

[0086] The DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. In some aspects, the DU 330 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (e.g., modules such as for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) according to a functional split (e.g., such as a functional split defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)). In some aspects, the DU 330 may also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface configured to transmit signals to other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330 or to control functions hosted by the CU 310.

[0087] The lower layer functions may be implemented by one or more RUs 340. In some deployments, based on a functional split (such as a lower layer functional split), a RU 340 controlled by a DU 330 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (e.g., such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both. In such an architecture, the RU 140 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communications with the RU 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the DU 330 and CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0088] The SMO framework 305 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (e.g., such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (e.g., such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 390) to perform network element lifecycle management (e.g., such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (e.g., such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, and near-RT RIC 325. In some implementations, the SMO framework 305 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 311) via an O1 interface. In addition, in some implementations, the SMO framework 305 may communicate directly with one or more RUs 340 via an O1 interface. The SMO framework 305 may also include a non-RT RIC 315 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 305 .

[0089] The non-RT RIC 315 may be configured to include logic functions that implement non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows (including model training and updating), or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 325. The non-RT RIC 315 may be coupled to or in communication with the near-RT RIC 325 (e.g., such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to include logic functions that implement near real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions on an interface connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, or both, and an O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 325 (e.g., such as via an E2 interface).

[0090] In some implementations, in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 325, the non-RT RIC 315 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 325 and may be received from a non-network data source or network function at the SMO framework 305 or the non-RT RIC 315. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 315 or the near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 315 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 305 (e.g., such as via reconfiguration of O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (e.g., such as A1 policies).

[0091] Various radio frame structures may be used to support downlink, uplink, and sidelink transmissions between network nodes (eg, base stations and UEs). Figure 4 FIG400 is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame structure that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques for CLI elimination according to some aspects of the present disclosure. Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels.

[0092] NR (as well as LTE) utilizes OFDM on the downlink and single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink. However, unlike LTE, NR has the option of using OFDM on the uplink as well. OFDM and SC-FDM divide the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as frequency tones, frequency bins, etc. Each subcarrier can be modulated with data. Typically, modulation symbols are sent in the frequency domain using OFDM and in the time domain using SC-FDM. The spacing between adjacent subcarriers can be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) can depend on the system bandwidth. For example, the spacing of the subcarriers can be 15kHz, and the minimum resource allocation (resource block) can be 12 subcarriers (or 180kHz). Therefore, for system bandwidths of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 megahertz (MHz), the nominal fast Fourier transform (FFT) size can be equal to 128, 256, 512, 1024, or 2048, respectively. The system bandwidth may also be divided into multiple subbands. For example, a subband may cover 1.08 MHz (e.g., 6 resource blocks), and there may be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 subbands for system bandwidths of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 MHz, respectively.

[0093] vLTE supports a single numerology (subcarrier spacing, symbol length, etc.). In contrast, NR can support multiple numerology (μ). For example, 15kHz, 30kHz, 60kHz, 120kHz, and 240kHz or larger subcarrier spacing (SCS) may be available. Table 1 provided below lists some different parameters for different NR numerology schemes.

[0094]

[0095] Table 1

[0096] In one example, a 15kHz digital scheme is used. Therefore, in the time domain, a 10 millisecond (ms) frame is divided into 10 equally sized subframes, each subframe is 1 ms, and each subframe includes one time slot. Figure 4 , time is represented in the horizontal direction (eg, on the X-axis), where time increases from left to right, and frequency is represented in the vertical direction (eg, on the Y-axis), where frequency increases (or decreases) from bottom to top.

[0097] A resource grid may be used to represent time slots, each of which includes one or more time concurrent resource blocks (RBs) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs)) in the frequency domain. Figure 4 An example of a resource block (RB) 402 is shown. The resource grid is further divided into a plurality of resource elements (REs). Figure 4 , RB 402 includes a plurality of REs, which include resource elements (REs) 404. RE 404 may correspond to one symbol length in the time domain and one subcarrier in the frequency domain. Figure 4 In a digital scheme of , for a normal cyclic prefix, RB 402 may contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and seven consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 84 REs, such as RE 404. For an extended cyclic prefix, an RB may contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and six consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 72 REs. The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0098] In some aspects, some REs may be used to send downlink reference (pilot) signals (DL-RS). DL-RS may include positioning reference signals (PRS), tracking reference signals (TRS), phase tracking reference signals (PTRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DM-RS), primary synchronization signals (PSS), secondary synchronization signals (SSS), etc. Figure 4 The resource grid in shows exemplary locations of REs (marked with “R”) for transmitting DL-RS.

[0099] In some aspects, some REs carry DM-RS for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may send DM-RS for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may be sent in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DM-RS may be sent in different configurations depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is sent and depending on the specific PUCCH format used. In some implementations, the PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as a scheduling request, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), and HARQ ACK / NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data and may be additionally used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI. In some cases, the PUCCH may be periodic (P), semi-persistent (SP), aperiodic (AP), and / or any combination thereof.

[0100] In some cases, the UE may send a sounding reference signal (SRS). In some implementations, the SRS may be sent in the last symbol of a subframe. In some cases, the SRS may have a comb structure, and the UE may send the SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL. In some implementations, the SRS may be P, SP, AP, and / or any combination thereof.

[0101] In some aspects, one or more resources in the resource grid may be used to perform sidelink communications. For example, sidelink communications may be implemented using a mode (e.g., Mode 1) in which a base station (e.g., Figure 1 The base station 102 of the UE may specify / select one or more resources (e.g., resource elements (e.g., RE 404), resource blocks (e.g., RB 402), subcarriers, symbols, frames, subframes, etc.) for sidelink communication. In another example, a mode (e.g., Mode 2) may be used to implement sidelink communication in which a UE (e.g., Figure 1 UE 104) may specify / select one or more resources (e.g., resource elements (e.g., RE 404), resource blocks (e.g., RB 402), subcarriers, symbols, frames, subframes, etc.) for sidelink communications. In some aspects, resource allocations for sidelink communications may correspond to one or more subchannels in the frequency domain and one or more time slots in the time domain. In some cases, a subchannel may include from 10 RBs to 100 RBs. In some examples, a sidelink time slot may include 7-14 OFDM symbols.

[0102] In some examples, a UE (e.g., Figure 1 UE 104) can be configured to receive sidelink packets by performing blind decoding on all sidelink subchannels. In some aspects, the sidelink UE can decode the physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) in the configured sidelink resource pool. In some cases, PSCCH can be used to carry sidelink control information (SCI), which contains information about resource allocation on the physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH). For example, the first stage SCI can be sent in the PSCCH and can include information about the PSSCH bandwidth and resource reservation in the future time slot. In some cases, the second stage SCI can be located and decoded after decoding the PSCCH. In some aspects, the source identifier and / or the destination identifier can be used to determine the source and / or destination UE associated with the packet. In some examples, if the PSCCH (e.g., SCI) indicates a receiver ID that matches the UE's ID, the UE can continue to decode the PSSCH. In some configurations, PSCCH and PSSCH can be sent using the same time slot.

[0103] In some examples, the PSCCH may be configured to occupy or use multiple RBs in a single subchannel. In some aspects, a subchannel may occupy multiple PRBs (e.g., a subchannel may occupy 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75, 100 PRBs). In some cases, the PSCCH may be configured to occupy 10, 12, 15, 20, or 25 PRBs in a subchannel. In some aspects, the PSCCH may be limited to one subchannel. In some cases, 2 or 3 symbols may be used to configure the duration of the PSCCH. In some aspects, a resource pool (RP) may include any number of subchannels (e.g., an RP may include 1-27 subchannels). In some cases, for an RP, the size of the PSCCH may be fixed (e.g., the size may correspond to 10% to 100% of a subchannel). In some examples, the PSSCH may occupy 1 or more subchannels and may include a second-stage SCI.

[0104] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a slot format table 500. In one or more examples, a slot format (e.g., as specified in the slot format table 500) can provide a desired downlink and / or uplink transmission mode to a network entity (e.g., a UE). In some examples of the disclosed system, the slot format can provide an indication to the network entity of an allocation of some of its resources (e.g., allocating RF sensing resources for communication purposes).

[0105] In one or more examples, a time slot can be used as a dynamically scheduled unit (e.g., for communication and / or for RF sensing). The number of OFDM symbols per time slot is typically fixed (e.g., as in NR). For example, when the cyclic prefix (CP) of the OFDM waveform has a normal duration, there are typically fourteen OFDM symbols in total. In another example, when the CP of the OFDM waveform has an extended duration, there are typically twelve time slots in total. Figure 5 The example slot format table 500 in FIG. 5 shows a total of fourteen OFDM symbols per slot.

[0106] In some cases, a time slot may be classified as downlink, where all symbols of the time slot are dedicated to downlink transmissions. In some cases, a time slot may be classified as uplink, where all symbols of the time slot are dedicated to uplink transmissions. In the case of half-duplex frequency division duplex (FDD), all symbols within a time slot for a downlink carrier are used for downlink transmissions, and all symbols within a time slot for an uplink carrier are used for uplink transmissions.

[0107] However, in the case of time division duplex (TDD) (e.g. Figure 5 As shown in the time slot format table 500 of FIG. 5 , a time slot may be configured for a mix of uplink and downlink transmissions. When a mix of uplink and downlink transmissions is used for a time slot, a guard period may be necessary for the transceiver to switch from downlink to uplink and allow timing advance in the uplink.

[0108] NR TDD takes advantage of flexible time slot configuration (e.g. Figure 5 500). For this configuration, the OFDM symbols of a time slot may be designated as "downlink" (e.g., represented by the letter "D") for downlink transmission, "uplink" (e.g., represented by the letter "U") for uplink transmission, or "flexible" (e.g., represented by the letter "F"). The flexible symbol "F" may be configured for uplink or downlink transmission. One of the intentions of introducing flexible symbols within a time slot is to handle the required guard period. It should be noted that if the network (e.g., a network entity) does not provide a time slot format, then by default, all OFDM symbols are considered "flexible".

[0109] NR supports static, semi-static or dynamic slot format configuration. Static slot configuration and semi-static slot configuration are performed using RRC, while dynamic slot configuration is performed using the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) DCI. In TDD, for small and / or isolated cells, dynamic TDD may be more suitable for adapting to changes in services. For large cells, semi-static TDD may be more suitable for dealing with interference issues.

[0110] Figure 6 607 is a block diagram showing an example of a computing system 670 of an electronic device 607 that can be adopted by the disclosed systems and techniques according to some examples. The electronic device 607 is an example of a device that may include hardware and software for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems using a communication network (e.g., a 3GPP network, such as a 5G / NR network, a 4G / LTE network, a WiFi network, or other communication network). For example, the electronic device 607 may include or be part of a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone), a wearable device (e.g., a network connection or a smart watch), an extended reality device (e.g., a VR device, an AR device, or an MR device), a personal computer, a laptop, a tablet, an IoT device, a wireless access point, a router, a vehicle or a component of a vehicle, a server computer, a robotic device, and / or other devices used by a user to communicate through a wireless communication network. In some cases, the device 607 may be referred to as a UE, for example, when referring to a device configured to communicate using 5G / NR, 4G / LTE, or other telecommunication standards. In some cases, the device may be referred to as a station (STA), for example, when referring to a device configured to communicate using the Wi-Fi standard.

[0111] The computing system 670 includes software and hardware components that may be electrically or communicatively coupled via a bus 689 (or may communicate in other ways, as appropriate). For example, the computing system 670 includes one or more processors 684. The one or more processors 684 may include one or more CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, APs, GPUs, VPUs, NSPs, microcontrollers, dedicated hardware, any combination thereof, and / or other processing devices and / or systems. The bus 689 may be used by the one or more processors 684 to communicate between cores and / or with one or more memory devices 686.

[0112] The computing system 670 may also include one or more memory devices 686, one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) 682, one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) 674, one or more modems 676, one or more wireless transceivers 678, one or more antennas 687, one or more input devices 672 (e.g., a camera, a mouse, a keyboard, a touch-sensitive screen, a touchpad, a keypad, a microphone or microphone array, etc.), and one or more output devices 680 (e.g., a display, a speaker, a printer, etc.).

[0113] One or more wireless transceivers 678 can receive wireless signals (e.g., signal 488) from one or more other devices (such as other user devices, network devices (e.g., base stations (such as evolved Node B (eNB) and / or gNodeB (gNB)), WiFi access points (APs) (such as routers, range extenders, etc.)), cloud networks, etc.) via antenna 687. In some examples, computing system 670 may include multiple antennas or antenna arrays, which can facilitate simultaneous transmission and reception functions. Antenna 687 can be an omnidirectional antenna so that RF signals can be received from all directions and transmitted in all directions. Wireless signal 688 can be sent via a wireless network. The wireless network can be any wireless network, such as a cellular or telecommunication network (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G, etc.), a wireless local area network (e.g., a WiFi network), a Bluetooth TM network and / or other networks. In some examples, one or more wireless transceivers 678 may include an RF front end that includes one or more components such as an amplifier, a mixer for down-converting a signal (also referred to as a signal multiplier), a frequency synthesizer (also referred to as an oscillator) that provides a signal to the mixer, a baseband filter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), one or more power amplifiers, and other components. The RF front end may typically handle the selection and conversion of the wireless signal 688 to a baseband or intermediate frequency, and may convert the RF signal to the digital domain.

[0114] In some aspects, one or more wireless transceivers 678 can perform alternating transmit and receive functions (e.g., perform half-duplex operation). For example, when one or more wireless transceivers 678 are not enabled to receive (e.g., not receiving), one or more wireless transceivers 674 can instead enable the RF transmitter to transmit uplink Tx signals, and when one or more wireless transceivers 678 are not enabled to transmit (e.g., not transmitting), one or more wireless transceivers 674 can instead enable the RF receiver to receive downlink Rx signals.

[0115] In other aspects, one or more wireless transceivers 678 can perform concurrent transmit and receive functions (e.g., perform sub-band or full-band full-duplex operation). For example, connecting one or more wireless transceivers 678 can enable an RF receiver to receive at the same time or nearly at the same time as an RF transmitter is enabled to transmit.

[0116] In some cases, computing system 670 may include a coding-decoding device (or CODEC) configured to encode and / or decode data transmitted and / or received using one or more wireless transceivers 678. In some cases, computing system 670 may include an encryption-decryption device or component configured to encrypt and / or decrypt data transmitted and / or received by one or more wireless transceivers 678 (e.g., in accordance with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and / or Data Encryption Standard (DES) standards).

[0117] One or more SIM 674 can each safely store the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number and related keys assigned to the user of the electronic device 607. When accessing a network provided by a network service provider or operator associated with one or more SIM 674, the IMSI and key can be used to identify and authenticate the user. One or more modems 676 can modulate one or more signals to encode information for transmission using one or more wireless transceivers 678. One or more modems 676 can also demodulate the signal received by one or more wireless transceivers 678 to decode the information sent. In some examples, one or more modems 676 can include WiFi modems, 4G (or LTE) modems, 5G (or NR) modems and / or other types of modems. One or more modems 676 and one or more wireless transceivers 678 can be used to transmit data for one or more SIM 674.

[0118] The computing system 670 may also include (and / or be in communication with) one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media or storage devices (e.g., one or more memory devices 686), which may include, but are not limited to, local and / or network accessible storage, disk drives, drive arrays, optical storage devices, solid-state storage devices such as RAM and / or ROM, which may be programmable, flash-updatable, etc. Such storage devices may be configured to implement any suitable data storage, including, but not limited to, various file systems, database structures, etc.

[0119] In various aspects, the functionality may be stored as one or more computer program products (e.g., instructions or code) in the storage device 686 and executed by the one or more processors 684 and / or the one or more DSPs 682. The computing system 670 may also include software elements (e.g., located within the one or more memory devices 686) including, for example, an operating system, device drivers, executable libraries, and / or other code, such as one or more application programs, which may include a computer program that implements the functionality provided by the various embodiments, and / or may be designed to implement methods and / or configure systems, as described herein.

[0120] In some aspects, the electronic device 607 may include means for performing the operations described herein. The means may include one or more components of the computing system 670. For example, the means for performing the operations described herein may include one or more of an input device 672, a SIM 674, a modem 676, a wireless transceiver 678, an output device 680, a DSP 682, a processor 684, a memory device 686, and / or an antenna 687.

[0121] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 of physical channels and reference signals in a wireless network. In some examples, one or more downlink channels and one or more downlink reference signals can carry information from base station 102 to UE 104. One or more uplink channels and one or more uplink reference signals can carry information from UE 104 to base station 102.

[0122] In some aspects, the downlink channel may include one or more of the following: a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carrying downlink control information (DCI), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carrying downlink data, and / or a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying system information, as well as other examples. In some aspects, PDSCH communications may be scheduled by PDCCH communications.

[0123] In some examples, the uplink channel may include one or more of: a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) carrying uplink control information (UCI), a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) carrying uplink data, and / or a physical random access channel (PRACH) for initial network access, among other examples. In some aspects, the UE 104 may send acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) feedback (e.g., ACK / NACK feedback or ACK / NACK information) in the UCI on the PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0124] In some cases, the downlink reference signal may include one or more of the following: a synchronization signal block (SSB), a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), and / or a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), among other examples. In some examples, the uplink reference signal may include one or more of the following: a sounding reference signal (SRS), a DMRS, and / or a PTRS, among other examples.

[0125] The SSB may carry or include information for initial network acquisition and synchronization. For example, the SSB may carry or include one or more of a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), a PBCH, and / or a PBCH DMRS. The SSB may also be referred to as a synchronization signal / PBCH (SS / PBCH) block. In some aspects, the base station 102 may send multiple SSBs on multiple corresponding beams, and the SSBs may be used for beam selection.

[0126] The CSI-RS may carry information for downlink channel estimation (e.g., downlink CSI acquisition), which may be used for scheduling, link adaptation, or beam management, among other examples. For example, the base station 102 may configure a CSI-RS set for the UE 104, and the UE 104 may measure the configured CSI-RS set. Based on the CSI-RS measurement, the UE 104 may perform channel estimation and may report channel estimation parameters to the base station 102 (e.g., in a CSI report). For example, the channel estimation parameters may include one or more of the following: a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), a layer indicator (LI), a rank indicator (RI), and / or a reference signal received power (RSRP), among other examples.

[0127] In some examples, base station 102 can use the CSI report to select transmission parameters for downlink communications to UE 104. For example, base station 102 can use the CSI report to select transmission parameters including one or more of the number of transmission layers (e.g., rank), precoding matrix (e.g., precoder), modulation and coding scheme (MCS), and / or refined downlink beams (e.g., using a beam refinement process or a beam management process), among other examples.

[0128] DMRS may carry information for estimating a wireless channel to demodulate an associated physical channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, PBCH, PUCCH, or PUSCH). The design and mapping of DMRS may be specific to the physical channel that the DMRS is used to estimate. DMRS is UE-specific, may be beamformed, may be restricted to scheduled resources (e.g., rather than transmitted over a wideband), and may be transmitted only when necessary. As shown, DMRS is used for both downlink and uplink communications.

[0129] PTRS can carry information for compensating for oscillator phase noise. In some cases, oscillator phase noise can increase as the oscillator carrier frequency increases. In some examples, PTRS can be used at high carrier frequencies (e.g., such as millimeter wave frequencies) to mitigate oscillator phase noise. PTRS can be used to track the phase of a local oscillator and enable suppression of phase noise and common phase error (CPE). Figure 7 As shown, in some examples, one or more PTRS can be used for both downlink communications (e.g., on the PDSCH) and uplink communications (e.g., on the PUSCH).

[0130] The PRS may carry information associated with timing or ranging measurements of the UE 104. For example, the UE 104 may utilize one or more signals (e.g., PRS) transmitted by the base station 102 to improve observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) positioning performance. In some examples, the PRS may be a pseudo-random quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) sequence mapped in a diagonal pattern with offsets in frequency and time to avoid conflicts with cell-specific reference signals and control channels (e.g., PDCCH). The PRS may be designed to improve the detectability of the UE 104, which may need to detect downlink signals from multiple neighboring base stations in order to perform OTDOA-based positioning. Therefore, the UE 104 may receive PRS from multiple cells (e.g., a reference cell and one or more neighboring cells), and may report a reference signal time difference (RSTD) based on OTDOA measurements associated with the PRS received from the multiple cells. In some aspects, the base station 102 may calculate the position of the UE 104 based on the RSTD measurements reported by the UE 104.

[0131] In some examples, the SRS may carry information for uplink channel estimation, which may be used for scheduling, link adaptation, precoder selection, and / or beam management, among other examples. The base station 102 may configure one or more SRS resource sets for the UE 104, and the UE 104 may send the SRS on the configured SRS resource sets. The SRS resource sets may have configured purposes, such as uplink CSI acquisition, downlink CSI acquisition for reciprocity-based operation, uplink beam management, and the like. The base station 102 may measure the SRS, may perform channel estimation based on the measurements, and / or may use the SRS measurements to configure communications with the UE 104.

[0132] As previously mentioned, physical control channels (e.g., PDCCH, PUCCH, etc.) and reference signals (RS) can be used to perform various network functions (e.g., channel estimation, UL / DL authorization, positioning, etc.), but can be sent without security protection or security mechanisms to prevent eavesdropping by unauthorized receivers. In some aspects, the systems and techniques described herein can be used to ensure the security of PHY layer transmissions and signals based on spatial artificial noise (AN) elimination. For example, a confidential data message can be sent by multiple transmitters (e.g., a base station or UE) to an intended receiver (e.g., another base station or UE), where each transmitter generates an AN impaired transmission based on a copy of the data message (or a portion thereof) and a uniquely generated AN signal based on the CSI of the intended receiver.

[0133] Figure 8 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of artificial noise (AN) cancellation associated with multiple transmissions sent by one or more wireless nodes to a single antenna receiver according to some examples. For example, the example network environment 800 may include multiple wireless nodes 102 and receivers 104. In one illustrative example, the network environment 800 may include M wireless nodes 102, which are Figure 8 1, depicted as a first wireless node 102-1, an nth wireless node 102-n, and an Mth wireless node (e.g., n<M). In some aspects, the wireless node 102 may be provided as a base station, a gNB, a UE, etc. For example, the wireless node 102 may be a transmit receive point (TRP). In some examples, the wireless nodes 102 (e.g., also referred to as TRPs 102) may be the same. In some aspects, one or more (or all) TRPs 102 may be different (e.g., may be provided as different types of wireless communication devices, network nodes, etc.). In some examples, one or more of the TRPs 102 may be a UE that sends sidelink communications.

[0134] Receiver 104 may be a UE or other wireless communication device that includes at least one antenna, antenna array, receive antenna group, etc. for receiving transmissions from TRP 102. In some aspects, UE 104 may include a single antenna and RF chain, such that UE 104 can only receive one transmission at a time. In some cases, UE 104 may include multiple antennas but only a single RF chain, such that UE 104 can only receive one transmission at a time.

[0135] In one illustrative example, each of the TRPs (e.g., TRPs 102-1, 102-n, 102-M) may generate and send an AN-impaired signal to the UE 104, the AN-impaired signal including an AN signal generated by the corresponding TRP and a legitimate data signal. The AN signal generated by the corresponding TRP may be generated based on the CSI of the intended receiver (e.g., UE 104) and combined with the legitimate data signal to generate the AN-impaired signal. The legitimate data signal may be an RS or other physical channel transmission (e.g., PDCCH, PUCCH, etc.).

[0136] For example, an nth TRP (eg, TRP 102-n) included in the set of TRPs 102 may generate an AN damaged transmission α n x n +β n , where α n is the complex transmission coefficient associated with the nth TRP 102-n; x n is a data signal to be transmitted by the nth TRP 102-n; and β n is an AN signal generated based on the CSI between the nth TRP 102-n and the intended receiver (e.g., UE 104).

[0137] Similarly, TRP 102-1 may generate an AN impaired transmission α1x1+β1, where α1 is a complex transmission coefficient associated with TRP 102-1; x1 is a data signal to be sent by TRP 102-1; and β1 is an AN signal generated based on CSI between TRP 102-1 and an intended receiver (e.g., UE 104). As previously described, a TRP set for providing secure PHY signaling based on cooperative AN cancellation may include a total of M TRPs, where the Mth TRP 102-M generates the Mth AN impaired transmission α M x M +β M , where α M is the complex transmission coefficient associated with the Mth TRP 102-M; x M is a data signal to be transmitted by the Mth TRP 102-M; and β M is an AN signal generated based on the CSI between the Mth TRP 102-M and the intended receiver (e.g., UE 104).

[0138] At each TRP included in the set of TRPs 102 (e.g., 102-1, 102-n, 102-M), a corresponding AN signal (e.g., β1, β2, β3, β4, β5, β6, β7, β8, β9, β10, β11, β12, β13, β14, β15, β16, β n , β M) to the power domain (e.g., x1, x n 、x M ) or in combination therewith, and may be sent using the same precoder. In some aspects, the same power domain may relate to transmit power (e.g., total transmit power, nominal transmit power, transmit power allocation, power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA), etc.) from a transmitter (e.g., from one or more RF chains) to a receiver, and / or as provided in various communication standards (e.g., 3GPP).

[0139] In some aspects, legitimate data signals (e.g., x1, x2, n 、x M ) can be the same signal (e.g., multiple copies of the same data message), or can be different signals (e.g., different parts of the same data message). For example, a legitimate data signal (e.g., x1, x2) can be a different signal (e.g., different parts of the same data message). n 、x M ) can be RS or other physical channel transmission (e.g., PDCCH, PUCCH, etc.), as described above. Complex transmission coefficients (e.g., α1, α n , α M ) may be used by TRPs 102 (e.g., 102-1, 102-n, 102-M, respectively) to modulate corresponding legitimate data signals transmitted by the TRPs. Complex transmission coefficients α may be determined by respective TRPs 102-1, 102-n, 102-M and used to optimize detection performance of intended receivers (e.g., UE 104). For example, for maximum ratio transmission (MRT) for diversity combining, TRP 102 may determine the complex transmission coefficients as α M =h M , where for m = 1, 2, ..., M, x1 = x2 = ... = x m (For example, where h M Represents the effective channel or channel characteristics of the transmission channel between TRPM and UE 104, described in more depth below).

[0140] The modulated data signal may be combined with an AN signal generated using the CSI between the corresponding TRP and the UE 104. For example, the first TRP 102-1 may combine the modulated data signal α1x1 with the AN signal β1 to generate a first AN impaired transmission α1x1+β1; the nth TRP 102-n may combine the modulated data signal α1x1 with the AN signal β1 to generate a first AN impaired transmission α1x1+β1; n x n With AN signal β n Combine to generate the nth AN impaired transmission α n x n+β1; and the Mth TRP 102-1 can modulate the data signal α M x M With AN signal β M Combine to generate the MAN-th damaged transmission α1x1+β1.

[0141] Each instance of the artificial noise (AN) signal β can be used to prevent an unintended or unauthorized receiver (e.g., any receiver or UE other than the intended receiver UE 104) from decoding the corresponding legitimate data signal. For example, the AN signal β1 protects the legitimate data signal x1; the AN signal β n Protecting legitimate data signals n ; and the AN signal β M Protecting legitimate data signals M .

[0142] Each TRP (e.g., 102-1, 102-n, 102-M) may transmit a directional beam (e.g., h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, h7, h8, h9, h10, h11, h12, h13, h14, h15, h16, h17, h18, h19, h20, h21, h22, h30, h4 n and h M ) to send the corresponding AN damaged transmission. In some aspects, h1, h n and h M Each of h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, h7, h8, h9, h10, h11, h12, h13, h14, h15, h16, h17, h18, h19, h20, h21, h3, h4, h5, h6, h7, h8, h9, h10, h11, h12, h13, h14, h15, h16, h n and h M Each of h1 and h2 may be a complex coefficient of a beam vector corresponding to a receive beam of a legitimate receiver (e.g., UE 104). n and h M Each of is a CSI value for a corresponding beam or channel used by the intended receiver UE 104 to receive the AN impaired transmission sent by the TRP 102. Figure 8 In the example of FIG. 1 , where the intended receiver UE 104 includes a single antenna and / or a single RF chain, h1, h n and h M Each of can be directed to the same reception point of the intended receiver UE 104.

[0143] Each beam (e.g., h1, h n and h M ) can be used to send a corresponding AN damaged transmission, which includes the AN signal β M The combined modulated data signal α M x M In some examples, each beam (e.g., h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, h7, h8, h9, h10, h11, h12, h13, h14, h15, h16, h17, h18, h19, h20 n and hM ) can be used to send corresponding AN impaired transmissions using the same frequency and time resources as other beams (e.g., each TRP 102-1, 102-n, 102-M can use the same frequency band to send corresponding legitimate data signals and AN signals simultaneously). In the simultaneous transmission example, different beams (e.g., h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, h7, h8, h9, h10, h11, h12, h13, h14, h15, h16, h17, h18, h19, h20, h21, h30, h40, h5 n and h M ) to achieve spatial separation of transmitted signals. In some examples, AN impaired transmissions from different TRPs (e.g., from some or all of TRPs 102-1, 102-n, 102-M) can be multiplexed in time (e.g., using time division duplexing (TDD)) or in frequency (e.g., using frequency division duplexing (FDD)).

[0144] At the intended receiver (e.g., UE 104), the received signal may be determined to be an aggregation of multiple AN-impaired signals transmitted by spatially separated antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., transmitted by multiple TRPs 102). For example, UE 104 may receive signal y1 from TRP 102-1 using channel h1; n Receive signal y from TRP 102-n n ; and using channel h M Receive signal y from TRP 102-M M The received signal (e.g., y1, y n ,y M ) may be determined as the product of the AN impaired signal transmitted by a given TRP and the CSI associated with the channel or beam used to transmit the AN impaired signal. In one illustrative example, since an unintended or unauthorized receiver (e.g., a UE other than UE 104) will be at a different location relative to an intended receiver (e.g., UE 104), each beam used to transmit the AN impaired signal may be determined by a different complex coefficient (e.g., and ) to define.

[0145] Each TRP (e.g., 102-1, 102-n, 102-M) may generate a unique AN signal (e.g., β1, β2, β3, β4, β5, β6, β7, β8, β9, β10, β11, β12, β13, β14, β15, β16, β17, β18, β1 n and β M ). The aggregate received signal y at the intended receiver (e.g., UE 104) can be defined as the aggregation of the AN impaired signals sent by the TRP:

[0146]

[0147] here, represents the receive filter taps associated with the nth TRP, where n=1, ..., M. In some aspects, the aggregate received signal y given in equation (1) may be a signal obtained at the UE 104 based on comparing the AN impaired transmission received from each TRP with the corresponding receive filter taps associated with that TRP. For example, UE 104 may combine the AN impaired transmission received from TRP 102-1 (e.g., h1(α1x1+β1)) with the corresponding receive filter taps associated with TRP 102-1. etc. to combine.

[0148] Equation (1) can be rewritten to separate the legitimate data signal component into a combined payload portion and to separate the AN signal component into an aggregated AN portion:

[0149]

[0150] As mentioned above, each AN signal (e.g., β1, β n and β M ) may be generated based on the CSI of the intended receiver (e.g., UE 104). For example, TRP 102 may be generated based on the CSI of each beam used to communicate with the intended receiver UE 104 (e.g., h M , for M=1, 2, ..., n, ..., M) to calculate or generate the AN signal. In one illustrative example, the TRPs 102 (e.g., 102-1, 102-n, 102-M) may each generate a corresponding AN signal such that the AN signal (e.g., β1, β n and β M )’s contribution is cancelled out in the aggregated received signal y at UE 104.

[0151] For example, the AN signal β may be generated such that the aggregated AN portion included in the received signal y (eg, the second term in brackets included in equation (2)) is equal to zero:

[0152]

[0153] set up in Equation (3) can be rewritten as follows:

[0154]

[0155] Here, n is the index of a TRP included in the set of M TRPs 102; θ n is the phase of the signal sent by the nth TRP; and n=1,2,…,M.

[0156] For the soft combination of the received signals in equations (1) and (2) to automatically cancel the AN signal portion given in equation (3), the M AN signals (e.g., β1, β n and β M ) may be based on a corresponding CSI value (e.g., h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, h7, h8, h9, h10, h11, h12, h13, h14, h15, h16, h17, h18, h19, h20, h21, h30, h41, h5 n 、h M ) to generate the following:

[0157]

[0158] Here, u is a random noise term common to or shared between a set of TRPs 102. For example, u may be a noise kernel, pseudo-random noise, artificial noise, etc., which is used as a common input to the TRPs 102 to generate the corresponding AN signal β given by equation (5) above. n . is the rotation angle, which can be used by all TRPs 102 to generate the corresponding AN signal β n In some aspects, the random noise u and the rotation angle can be common to all n, where n=1, ..., M. In one illustrative example, the random noise u and the rotation angle Can be selected, configured, or transmitted to TRP 102 by a network including TRP 102.

[0159] It should be noted that even if the aggregate AN signal is soft combined by the unintended receiver, the aggregate AN signal will not be zeroed or cancelled at the unintended receiver (e.g., a UE other than UE 104). For example, since the unintended receiver has a different CSI than UE 104, for any value of n, Furthermore, in some aspects, even if the unintended receiver knows the CSI of the intended receiver (e.g., UE 104), The spatial dimension of (e.g., the CSI of the unintended receiver) may prevent the unintended receiver from being able to cancel the AN signal to recover the legitimate data signal (e.g., x n ).

[0160] In some aspects, TRP 102 may select or determine the receive coefficients (e.g., ), to maximize the data signals x1, x2 at the intended receiver UE 104 n 、x M In some examples, the complex transmission coefficients α1, α n , α Mmay be additionally selected or determined by TRP 102 to maximize the data signals x1, x2 at the intended receiver UE 104. n 、x M The complex transmission coefficient α can, for example, act like a precoder for a single-antenna TRP to reduce or control channel fading. In some cases, the complex transmission coefficient α can be used to adjust the AN for impaired transmissions y1, y n ,y M The power split between the data signal part (e.g., the combined payload part in equation (2)) and the AN part (e.g., the aggregated AN part in equation (2)).

[0161] In some aspects, one or more (or all) of the TRPs 102 (e.g., 102-1, 102-n, 102-M) may include a single antenna associated with a respective RF chain for transmitting the AN impaired transmission generated by each TRP. In some aspects, one or more (or all) of the TRPs 102 may include multiple antennas with a single RF chain. In such a scenario, the effective channel term h n The impact of the precoder can also be indicated (e.g. in is the precoder vector, and h n is a channel vector). In some aspects, one or more (or all) of TRPs 102 may include multiple antennas with multiple RF chains. In such a scenario, transmissions via each RF chain of a given TRP may be treated as transmissions via a separate TRP.

[0162] As mentioned above, AN is damaged and transmits y1, y n ,y M The UE 104 may be received as a multiplexed signal in time or frequency (e.g., TDD, FDD, etc.). For example, the receive filter taps v1, v2 associated with each respective TRP 102-1, 102-n, 102-M may be used. n 、v M To combine the multiplexed TDD or FDD signals to obtain the combined signal y described above with respect to equations (1) and (2).

[0163] In some examples, AN impaired transmission y1, y n ,y M may be received at UE 104 in the same time slot and frequency band. In such an example, the receive filter taps v1, v n 、v M can be the same (e.g., v1=v n =v MIn one illustrative example, when an AN impaired transmission is received in the same time slot and frequency band, the receive filter taps may be all ones (eg, v1 = v n =v M =1).

[0164] In one illustrative example, TRPs 102 (eg, 102-1, 102-n, 102-M) may be configured to perform multi-TRP (mTRP) assisted AN cancellation based on one or more pre-configured parameters. For example, TRP 102 may be configured to generate a per-TRP specific AN signal β n The common random noise u and the rotation angle (e.g., as given in equation (5)), can be configured with time and frequency information so that each TRP uses the correct time slot and frequency band to achieve the AN impaired signal y n TDD or FDD transmission, and / or may be configured with an index value n assigned to each corresponding TRP included in the set of TRPs 102. In some aspects, the index value n may be assigned to a given TRP 102 by a network in which the TRP is included, participates in, or otherwise communicates with.

[0165] In some aspects, TRP 102 may be additionally configured with a total number or quantity (e.g., M) of TRPs participating in a given AN cancellation instance with UE 104. For example, a given TRP n may be obtained based on the assigned index n of the given TRP, the total number M of participating TRPs, and the rotation angle The configuration or predetermined value generates its TRP specific AN signal β n (For example, using these parameters, given TRP, one can determine θ in equation (5) n , and can then use θ n To determine TRP-specific AN signaling n , as also given by equation (5). In some aspects, the TRP 102 may receive one or more signals from the intended receiver UE 104 for use in generating the TRP-specific AN signals β1, β n ,β M For example, each of the TRPs 102 may receive its CSI information from the UE 104 and / or may receive receiver filter (e.g., combiner) tap information (e.g., v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v n 、v M ) in the corresponding one.

[0166] In one illustrative example, the systems and techniques described herein can be used to provide low latency AN cancellation using multiple TRPs. For example, multiple TRPs (e.g., TRPs 102-1, 102-n, 102-M) can each be transmitted in the same time slot using different frequencies and / or spatial resources, so that the receiver UE 104 does not need to wait for all AN impaired signals to arrive before being able to soft combine the AN impaired signals received from each TRP to cancel or zero the contribution of the AN signal component β.

[0167] In some aspects, the AN impaired signals y1, y n ,y M Soft combining is performed (eg, by the intended receiver UE 104) to cancel the AN contribution (eg, according to equation (3)), as described above. In addition, the AN impaired signals y1, y n ,y M The soft combining of AN and AN can improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and / or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) associated with detecting or decoding the legitimate data message signal x at the intended receiver UE 104. For example, the SNR and / or SINR can be improved based on the UE 104 receiving multiple copies of the same data message x (e.g., from each AN impaired signal y1, y2 after soft combining to perform AN cancellation). n ,y M In some examples, based on an expected SNR and / or SINR increase resulting from soft combining performed at UE 104, TRP 102 can be configured to use a smaller number or amount of time and / or frequency resources using a larger code rate.

[0168] For example, using a larger code rate at one or more (or all) of TRPs 102 may be associated with a reduction in error performance, which may be achieved based on the UE 104's use of multiple copies of the data message (e.g., x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8, x9, x10, x11, x12, x13, x14, x15, x16, x17, x18, x n 、x M ) to compensate for the increase in SNR / SINR for soft combining. In some aspects, when the data message is a PDCCH, a smaller aggregation level (AL) can be selected or otherwise utilized to reduce the number of resource blocks (RBs) used. For example, instead of using AL=2 to carry DCI in a single PDCCH block, two TRPs implementing the systems and techniques for multi-TRP AN elimination described herein can each use AL=1 to send the same DCI.

[0169] In some aspects, the increased SNR / SINR at the intended receiver UE 104 (eg, based on the calculation of the AN impaired signals y1, y2) may be utilized. n ,y MSoft combining) such that one or more (or all) of the TRPs 102 send a copy of the confidential data message (e.g., x1, x2, etc.) n 、x M ) and allocate less power to AN signals (e.g., β1, β n and β M ) allocates more power. By allocating less power to the data message x and allocating more power to the AN signal β, the probability of the data message x being intercepted can be reduced (eg, a low probability interception can be achieved or provided).

[0170] For example, the power split between the data message x and the AN signal β can be adjusted on a per-transmission basis. In some examples, the power split can be adjusted based on the quality of service (QoS) and / or security requirements of the intended receiver UE 104. The power split can also or alternatively be adjusted based on channel quality information (CQI) (e.g., as a tradeoff between secure transmission and throughput). As previously described, the complex transmission coefficients α1, α n , α M Can be used to adjust AN damaged transmission y1, y n ,y M The power is split between the data signal part (e.g., the combined payload part in equation (2)) and the AN part (e.g., the aggregated AN part in equation (2)).

[0171] In some aspects, each confidential data message (e.g., x1, x2, n 、x M ) may be the same (e.g., copies of the same data message, RS, PDCCH, PUCCH, etc.). In some examples, the confidential data messages may be different. For example, the confidential data messages may be related, where the confidential data messages x1, x2, and x3 may be related. n 、x M The confidential data messages may also be different from each other, where the confidential data messages x1, x n 、x M In some aspects, using one or more TRPs 102 to transmit only the AN signal β may be transparent to the intended receiver UE 104 (e.g., the intended receiver UE 104 does not need to change the receive filter taps v of a given TRP that transmits only the AN signal β).

[0172] In some aspects, the confidential data messages x1, xn 、x M In some examples, the confidential data messages x1, x n 、x M can be arranged (eg, by the intended receiver UE 104) to form a larger message. For example, by dividing a single PDCCH into a group of confidential data messages x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8, x9, x10, x11, x12, x13, x14, x15, x16, x17, x18, x19, x20, x21, x22, x23, x24, n 、x M , a single PDCCH can be safely sent using the multi-TRP AN elimination described in this article.

[0173] In some aspects, the data signals x1, x n 、x M Some, but not all, of the data signal may be sent as a confidential data signal. For example, a first portion of the data signal may be sent as a confidential, AN-impaired transmission (e.g., the first portion of the data signal may be combined with a TRP-specific AN signal β). A second portion of the data signal may be sent as a non-confidential transmission that is not combined with an AN signal.

[0174] In one illustrative example, when the confidential messages are all the same (e.g., x=x1=x n =x M ), the best output SNR may be obtained via maximum ratio combining (MRC) of signals arriving (e.g., at the intended receiver UE 104) in different time slots (e.g., when TDD is used to multiplex the signals) or in different frequency bands (e.g., when FDD is used to multiplex the signals):

[0175]

[0176] In some aspects, if all TRPs 102 are using the same time slot and frequency band to send the same message x (e.g., neither TDD nor FDD is used), the signal received by UE 104 from each TRP 102 cannot be weighted by different receive filter taps, and v1=v n =v M =1. In such a scenario, diversity combining can be implemented so that the complex coefficients α1, α n , α M (For example, ):

[0177]

[0178] In some aspects, systems and techniques can select a set of TRPs 102 for multi-TRP AN elimination from multiple candidate TRPs. For example, Fig. 9900 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process for performing AN elimination based on the channel quality of TRP candidates. In one illustrative example, a candidate TRP may be associated with a strong channel quality (e.g., |h n | relatively large) or poor or weak channel quality (e.g., |h n | relatively small) are associated.

[0179] In some aspects, a candidate TRP determined to have a strong channel quality may be used to perform AN cancellation, wherein an AN signal (e.g., |β n |) is relatively small in magnitude (e.g., power). For example, a candidate TRP associated with a strong channel quality may be based on To generate a relatively low power AN signal β n , as described with respect to equation (5).

[0180] When assigned to AN signal β n The power is relatively small and is allocated to the confidential data message x n The power of the AN signal β can be relatively large (for example, under a fixed power budget of the candidate TRP, when the AN signal β n When the power is relatively low, the confidential data message x n Correspondingly relatively higher powers can be used).

[0181] In some aspects, the confidential data message x n The associated power may be maintained less than or equal to a security-based threshold determined such that when the candidate TRP generates its AN impaired transmission, the confidential data message x n Based on the AN signal β n For example, the AN signal β n Can be used to intentionally degrade confidential data messages based on AN signals n SNR or SINR to hide or protect confidential data message x n , the confidential data message x n is included or represented in the AN corrupted transmission generated by the candidate TRP. If the confidential data message x n The power is too high (for example, relative to the AN signal β n power), then the confidential data message x n With AN signal β n The combined associated SNR degradation may not be able to properly hide or protect the confidential data message x n .

[0182] like Fig. 9As shown, for a candidate TRP associated with a relatively strong channel quality, the candidate TRP may be selected to generate an AN impaired transmission using a relatively small AN signal power and a relatively large confidential message power. When the confidential message power is less than a predetermined security-based threshold (e.g., as described above), the candidate TRP may be configured to generate and send an AN impaired transmission including a signal power associated with the AN signal β. n Combined secret message x n .

[0183] When the confidential message power is greater than or equal to the security-based threshold, the candidate TRP may not be selected for AN cancellation (eg, the TRP does not participate in AN cancellation); the candidate TRP may be selected for AN cancellation, where the candidate TRP sends a signal that is consistent with the AN signal β n combined non-confidential message; or a candidate TRP may be selected and configured to send only the AN signal β n .

[0184] In some examples, when a candidate TRP is determined to be associated with relatively poor or weak channel quality (e.g., |h n | is relatively small), the candidate TRP may be selected to generate an AN impaired transmission using a relatively large AN signal power and a relatively small confidential message power. If the confidential message power is less than the power budget associated with the candidate TRP minus the AN signal power (e.g., confidential message power < [power budget] - [AN power]), the candidate TRP may be selected and configured to generate and send an AN impaired transmission, which includes a signal associated with the AN signal β n Combined secret message x n .

[0185] If the power requirement of the confidential message is greater than the remaining power for the candidate TRP (e.g., greater than the candidate TRP power budget - AN signal power), the candidate TRP may not be selected for AN cancellation or may be selected and configured to send only AN signals. For example, when the confidential message power exceeds the candidate TRP power budget minus the AN signal power (e.g., confidential message power > [power budget] - [AN power]), the candidate TRP either does not participate in AN cancellation or the candidate TRP is configured to send only AN signals. n .

[0186] In one illustrative example, the channel quality of a given TRP or candidate TRP may be determined based on reports and reporting information that already exist or are already available. For example, the channel quality of a given TRP or candidate TRP may be determined based on CQI reports, etc. In some aspects, the channel quality of a given TRP or candidate TRP may be estimated based on a distance between the TRP or candidate TRP and an intended receiver (e.g., UE 104).

[0187] In some aspects, the systems and techniques can be used to perform multi-TRP AN cancellation for an intended receiver UE that includes multiple antennas and / or RF chains. For example, Fig.10 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of AN cancellation associated with multiple AN impaired transmissions sent by one or more wireless nodes (e.g., TRP 1000) to a multi-antenna receiver (e.g., UE 104). In some cases, Fig.10 The example network environment 1000 shown may be used with Figure 8 The illustrated example network environment 800 is the same or similar. For example, TRP 102-m may be the same or similar to one or more of TRPs 102-1, 102-n, and / or 102-M described above.

[0188] The example network environment 1000 shows a single TRP 102-m for clarity of illustration and explanation, but it is noted that multiple TRPs may also be used to provide signals to intended receivers having multiple antennas (e.g., such as Fig.10 UE 104 shown in FIG. 1 sends an AN impaired transmission.

[0189] As shown, for a total of N antennas or receive antenna groups, the intended receiver (e.g., UE 104) may include a first antenna or receive antenna group 114-1 and an Nth antenna or receive antenna group 114-N. A given TRP (e.g., TRP 102-m) may generate and send an AN impaired transmission α m x m +β m , as mentioned above Figure 8 AN impaired transmissions may be received by some (or all) of the N antennas associated with an intended receiver (eg, UE 104).

[0190] Each of the N antennas may be associated with its own CSI to TRP 102-m. For example, first antenna 114-1 may be associated with h m1 and the Nth antenna 114-N may be associated with h mN The signal received at the first antenna 114-1 is y m1 =h m1 (α mx m +β m ). The signal received at the Nth antenna 114-N is y mN =h mN (α m x m +β m ).

[0191] For n = 1, ..., N, the signal y received at a given antenna n mn can be compared with the corresponding receive filter tap v mn Combination (e.g., with the above Figure 8 The same or similar manner as described above, and the receiving filter taps v1, v n 、v M And the corresponding received signals y1, y n ,y M combination).

[0192] The multi-antenna intended receiver UE 104 may use multiple antennas 114-1 to 114-N to determine the received signal from a given TRP m (e.g., TRP 102-m) as follows:

[0193]

[0194] here, represents the receive filter taps for the signal received at antenna n and transmitted by TRP m. Equation (10) can be simplified to:

[0195]

[0196] Here, y m y for each of the plurality of TRPs, as described above with respect to equations (10) and (11), and then soft combining is performed at the UE 104 to cancel or remove the contribution of the AN signal, and obtain (e.g., decode) the confidential data message (e.g., as described above with respect to equations (10) and (11). Figure 8 For example, the combined received signal from all TRPs transmitted to the intended receiver UE 104 may be given as:

[0197]

[0198] here, represents a weight (e.g., a precoder weight) assigned to or associated with the aggregate signal received by UE 104 from the mth TRP. Equation 12 can be rewritten to separate the combined received signal y into a combined payload portion (e.g., representing the confidential data message) and an aggregated AN portion (e.g., representing the AN signal β generated by each TRP). m Contributions:

[0199]

[0200] The aggregated AN portion is represented as the parenthesized expression on the right side of equation (13), and the combined payload portion is represented as the parenthesized expression on the left side of equation (13). The aggregated AN portion of equation (13) can be rewritten as:

[0201]

[0202] AN cancellation may be performed based on the aggregate AN contribution included in the combined received signal y being equal to zero (e.g., based on the AN contributions from each of the m TRPs canceling each other out). The aggregate AN term of equation (14) becomes equal to zero for the following:

[0203]

[0204] here, is the rotation angle used by the TRP to generate the corresponding TRP-specific AN signal (e.g., as described above with respect to Figure 8 described).

[0205] Based on equation (15), when the corresponding AN impaired signal (e.g., the corresponding TRP-specific AN signal β is used by each TRP at UE 104 according to equation (13), m Each TRP can determine the AN signal β used to provide AN cancellation when soft combining is performed. m In one illustrative example, based on equation (15), each TRP may generate a TRP-specific AN signal β for providing AN cancellation m , as shown below:

[0206]

[0207] In some aspects, AN cancellation associated with an intended receiver including a single antenna (e.g., Figure 8 ) may be similar to AN elimination associated with an intended receiver including multiple antennas (e.g., as Fig.10 In some examples, when a multi-antenna receiver is used, a TRP (e.g., TRP 102-m) may generate an AN signal that depends on (e.g., the receive filter taps for the signal received at the nth antenna of the intended receiver and transmitted by the mth TRP) and (e.g., the weight of the aggregate signal received from the mth TRP, as given by equation (12)).

[0208] In one illustrative example, the intended receiver UE 104 may provide information of two filters to each TRP so that the TRP may generate a TRP-specific AN signal β of equation (16): m , because β m is based on the receive filter taps and weight To generate.

[0209] For example, Fig.10 The TRP 102-m shown in FIG. 102 may be based on receiving its own CSI for each antenna of the intended receiver UE 104 (e.g., h m1 ,…,h mN ), the combiner taps associated with each antenna (e.g., v m1 ,…,v mN ) and their weights (e.g., w m ) to generate or otherwise determine their respective TRP-specific AN signals β m In some aspects, one or more (or all) of CSI information for each antenna 114, combined tap information for each antenna 114, and / or weights for the TRP 102-m may be sent by the intended receiver UE 104 to the TRP 102-m.

[0210] Fig.11 1 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process 1100 for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE). At block 1102, the process 1100 includes receiving a first transmission from a first wireless node via a first channel, the first transmission including a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel. For example, the UE may communicate with Figure 1 and Figure 2 The UE 104 shown, Figure 3 The UE 320 shown, Figure 6 The electronic device 607 shown, Figure 7 The UE 104 shown, Figure 8 The UE 104 shown, Fig.10 One or more of the illustrated UEs 104, etc. are the same or similar.

[0211] In some examples, the first wireless node can communicate with Figure 1The base stations 102, 180, Figure 2 The base station 102 shown, Figure 3 O-RAN shown, Figure 7 In some aspects, the first wireless node may be a first transmit-receive point (TRP) and may be connected to the first wireless node. Figure 8 One or more of the TRPs 102-1, 102-n, 102-M shown may be the same as or similar to, and / or may be the same as Fig.10 The TRPs 102-m shown are the same or similar.

[0212] In some examples, the first AN signal can be Figure 8 and / or Fig.10 The AN signal β shown (eg, Figure 8 The β1 and β n , β M and / or β shown in 10 m ) is the same or similar. For example, the first AN signal β may be the same as the first data signal x (eg, Figure 8 The x1 and x shown n 、x M and / or Fig.10 The x shown m ) combination to generate or otherwise obtain a first transmission.

[0213] In some examples, the first AN signal may be generated based on the CSI of the first channel between the UE and the first wireless node (e.g., the first TRP). For example, the CSI may be related to Figure 8 and / or Fig.10 The CSI information / effective channel information h (eg, Figure 8 h1, h n 、h M and / or Fig.10 The h shown m1 、h mN ) are the same or similar. In some cases, the first AN signal may be generated based on the CSI h1 of the first channel and the first filter coefficients associated with the receive antenna group of the UE. For example, the first AN signal may be an AN impaired transmission α1x1+β1, where α1 (e.g., Figure 8 ) represents a first filter coefficient associated with a receive antenna group of the UE. In some cases, the first channel may be associated with a first receive antenna group of the UE, and the second channel (eg, described below) may be associated with a second receive antenna group of the UE.

[0214] In some examples, a first AN signal can be generated based on CSI of a first channel and a first filter coefficient, where the first filter coefficient is associated with a first wireless node (e.g., a first TRP) and a first receive antenna group of the UE. In some cases, a second AN signal can be generated based on CSI of a second channel and a second filter coefficient, where the second filter coefficient is associated with a second wireless node (e.g., a second TRP) and a second receive antenna group of the UE (e.g., as will be described in more depth below).

[0215] At block 1104, process 1100 includes receiving a second transmission from a second wireless node via a second channel, the second transmission including a second AN signal combined with a second data signal, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel and is different from the first AN signal. In some examples, the second transmission can be generated in the same or similar manner as the first transmission described above with respect to block 1102. For example, the first transmission can be a UE receiving a second AN signal from a first TRP (e.g., Figure 8 The first AN receives a damaged transmission α1x1+β1 from the TRP#1102-1 shown, and the second transmission may be received by the UE from the second TRP (eg, Figure 8 The second AN damaged transmission AN damaged transmission α received by TRP#n 102-n) n x n +β n .

[0216] In some cases, a first AN signal is generated based on the CSI of a first channel and a first filter coefficient associated with a receive antenna group of the UE, and a second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of a second channel and a second filter coefficient associated with a receive antenna group of the UE, wherein the second filter coefficient is different from the first filter coefficient.

[0217] In some examples, the first AN signal and the second AN signal may be generated using the same pseudo-random noise and the same rotation angle. To generate the first AN signal and the second AN signal, as described above Figure 8 and / or Fig.10 In some examples, the first AN signal and the second AN signal may be further generated based on the number of wireless nodes (e.g., TRPs) used to transmit at least a portion of the data message impaired by the AN signal. For example, the first and second AN signals may be generated based on the number M of TRPs, as described above with respect to Figure 8 In some cases, the first and second AN signals may be based on β of equation (5) n and θ n To generate, βn and θ n It is based on the number M of TRPs.

[0218] At box 1106, process 1100 includes: determining a data message based on the first transmission and the second transmission. For example, determining the data message can be based on canceling the first AN signal and the second AN signal. In some cases, canceling the first AN signal and the second AN signal is based on soft combining the first transmission and the second transmission, so that the AN contribution included in the transmission received by the UE is automatically canceled to generate a data message from the data signal previously combined with the AN signal in each transmission. In some examples, determining the data message based on the first transmission and the second transmission includes: soft combining the first transmission and the second transmission using a first filter coefficient and a second filter coefficient. The first AN signal and the second AN signal can be canceled based on the soft combination, and the resulting data message includes one or more of the first data signal and the second data signal.

[0219] In some examples, the first data signal and the second data signal may be the same. In some cases, the first data signal may be different from the second data signal, and the first portion of the data message may be determined based on the first data signal, and the second portion of the data message may be determined based on the second data signal.

[0220] Fig.12 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process 1200 for wireless communication at a first wireless node. In some examples, the first wireless node may communicate with Figure 1 The base stations 102, 180, Figure 2 The base station 102 shown, Figure 3 O-RAN shown, Figure 7 One or more of the illustrated base stations 102, etc., are the same or similar.

[0221] In some examples, the first wireless node may be a first transmit-receive point (TRP) and may communicate with Figure 8 One or more of the TRPs 102-1, 102-n, 102-M shown may be the same as or similar to, and / or may be the same as Fig.10 The TRPs 102-m shown are the same or similar.

[0222] At block 1202, process 1200 includes receiving channel state information (CSI) of a first channel between a first wireless node and an antenna of a user equipment (UE). For example, the UE may communicate with Figure 1 and Figure 2 The UE 104 shown, Figure 3 The UE 320 shown, Figure 6 The electronic device 607 shown, Figure 7 The UE 104 shown, Figure 8 The UE 104 shown, Fig.10 One or more of the illustrated UEs 104, etc. are the same or similar.

[0223] In some examples, a first wireless node or TRP (e.g., Figure 8 1) and the UE (e.g., Figure 8 For example, the CSI may be received via a first channel between antennas of the UE 104 shown in FIG. Figure 8 The CSI information / effective channel information h1 shown in FIG. 1 is the same as or similar to that shown in FIG. Figure 8 and / or Fig.10 The CSI information / effective channel information h (eg, Figure 8 h1, h n 、h M and / or Fig.10 The h shown m1 、h mN ) are the same or similar.

[0224] At block 1204, process 1200 includes receiving a first filter coefficient associated with an antenna of a UE. For example, the first filter coefficient may be a complex coefficient α and / or may be a receive filter tap v. One or more (or both) of the complex coefficient α and the receive filter tap v may be associated with a first wireless node (e.g., a TRP), may be associated with a UE (e.g., UE 104), and / or may be associated with both the first wireless node and the UE (e.g., may be associated with a first channel between the TRP and the UE).

[0225] At block 1206, process 1200 includes receiving an index value indicating an assigned position of the first wireless node in the set of wireless nodes. For example, the index value may be associated with Figure 8 and / or Fig.10 The index values ​​n associated with the TRPs shown are the same or similar.

[0226] At block 1208, process 1200 includes sending a first transmission to the UE including a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the first channel, the first filter coefficients, and the index value. For example, the first AN signal may be combined with the first data signal. Figure 8 and / or Fig.10 The AN signal β shown (eg, Figure 8 The β1 and β n , β M and / or β shown in 10 m) is the same or similar. For example, the first AN signal β may be the same as the first data signal x (eg, Figure 8 The x1 and x shown n 、x M and / or Fig.10 The x shown m ) combination to generate or otherwise obtain a first transmission.

[0227] In some examples, the first AN signal may be generated based on the CSI of the first channel between the UE and the first wireless node (e.g., the first TRP). In some cases, the first AN signal may be generated based on the CSI h1 of the first channel and the first filter coefficients associated with the receive antenna group of the UE. The first AN signal may be included in the AN impaired transmission α1x1+β1, where α1 (e.g., Figure 8 ) represents a first filter coefficient associated with a receive antenna group of the UE. In some cases, the first channel may be associated with a first receive antenna group of the UE, and the second channel (eg, described below) may be associated with a second receive antenna group of the UE.

[0228] In some examples, the first data signal may include at least a portion of a data message sent to the UE using the set of wireless nodes. For example, the first data signal may be Figure 8 and / or Fig.10 The data signal x shown (eg, Figure 8 The x1 and x shown n 、x M and / or Fig.10 The x shown m ) are the same or similar. In some cases, the first AN signal may be further generated using a pseudo-random noise value associated with the set of wireless nodes. For example, the first AN signal and the second AN signal may be generated using a common random noise u, as described above with respect to Figure 8 and / or Fig.10 In some cases, common random noise u and rotation angle can be used To generate the first AN signal, as described above Figure 8 and / or Fig.10 In some examples, the first AN signal can be further generated based on the number of wireless nodes (e.g., TRPs) used to transmit at least a portion of the data message impaired by the AN signal. For example, the first AN signal can be generated based on the number M of TRPs, as described above with respect to Figure 8 In some examples, the phase value θ n To generate the first AN signal, the phase value θ n is determined based on the index value n. For example, it can be determined based on the phase value θ given by the above equation (5)n To generate the first AN signal. In some cases, the first AN signal can be based on β of equation (5) n and θ n To generate, β n and θ n is based on the number of TRPs M. In some examples, the first AN signal may be generated to offset one or more additional AN signals generated by one or more corresponding additional wireless nodes included in the set of wireless nodes. In some cases, each of the one or more additional AN signals is generated using a pseudo-random noise value and a different index value.

[0229] In some examples, the processes described herein (e.g., process 1100, process 1200, and / or other processes described herein) may be performed by a computing device or apparatus (e.g., a UE, a network entity, etc.). In one example, process 1100 and / or process 1200 may be performed by a wireless communication device such as a UE (e.g., UE 104). In one example, process 1100 and / or process 1200 may be performed by a wireless node or base station (e.g., base station 102). In another example, process 1100 and / or process 1200 may be performed by a wireless device having Fig.13 1300. Fig.13 A wireless communication device of the computing architecture shown in FIG. 1100 may include components of a UE and / or a wireless node and may implement the operations of processes 1100 and / or 1200 .

[0230] In some cases, a computing device or apparatus may include various components, such as one or more input devices, one or more output devices, one or more processors, one or more microprocessors, one or more microcomputers, one or more cameras, one or more sensors, and / or other components configured to perform the steps of the processes described herein. In some examples, a computing device may include a display, one or more network interfaces configured to transmit and / or receive data, any combination thereof, and / or other components. The one or more network interfaces may be configured to transmit and / or receive wired and / or wireless data, including data in accordance with 3G, 4G, 5G, and / or other cellular standards, data in accordance with WiFi (802.11x), data in accordance with Bluetooth TM Standard data as well as data according to the Internet Protocol (IP) standard and / or other types of data.

[0231] The components of the computing device may be implemented in circuits. For example, the components may include and / or may be implemented using electronic circuits or other electronic hardware, which may include one or more programmable electronic circuits (e.g., microprocessors, graphics processing units (GPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), central processing units (CPUs), and / or other suitable electronic circuits), and / or may include and / or be implemented using computer software, firmware, or any combination thereof to perform the various operations described herein.

[0232] Processes 1100 and 1200 are illustrated as logic flow diagrams, the operations of which represent a series of operations that can be implemented in hardware, computer instructions, or a combination thereof. In the context of computer instructions, the operations represent computer-executable instructions stored on one or more computer-readable storage media that, when executed by one or more processors, perform the described operations. Typically, computer-executable instructions include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform specific functions or implement specific data types. The order in which the operations are described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described operations may be combined in any order and / or may be in parallel to implement the processes.

[0233] In addition, process 1100, process 1200, and / or other processes described herein can be performed under the control of one or more computer systems configured with executable instructions, and can be implemented as code (e.g., executable instructions, one or more computer programs, or one or more applications) that is executed together on one or more processors, implemented by hardware, or a combination thereof. As mentioned above, the code can be stored on a computer-readable or machine-readable storage medium, for example, in the form of a computer program that includes multiple instructions that can be executed by one or more processors. The computer-readable storage medium or machine-readable storage medium can be non-transitory.

[0234] Fig.13 is a diagram showing an example of a system for implementing certain aspects of the present technology. Specifically, Fig.13 An example of a computing system 1300 is shown, which may be any computing device, for example, making up an internal computing system, a remote computing system, a camera, or any components thereof, wherein the components of the system communicate with each other using connection 1305. Connection 1305 may be a physical connection using a bus, or a direct connection into processor 1310 (such as in a chipset architecture). Connection 1305 may also be a virtual connection, a network connection, or a logical connection.

[0235] In some aspects, computing system 1300 is a distributed system, wherein the functionality described in the present disclosure may be distributed across a data center, multiple data centers, a peer-to-peer network, etc. In some aspects, one or more of the described system components represent a number of such components, each component performing some or all of the functionality described for that component. In some aspects, a component may be a physical or virtual device.

[0236] The example system 1300 includes at least one processing unit (CPU or processor) 1310 and connections 1305 that communicatively couple various system components including system memory 1315, such as read-only memory (ROM) 1320 and random access memory (RAM) 1325, to the processor 1310. The computing system 1300 may include a cache 1314 of high-speed memory that is directly connected to the processor 1310, close to the processor 1310, or integrated as part of the processor 1310.

[0237] Processor 1310 may include any general purpose processor and hardware or software services configured to control processor 1310 (such as services 1332, 1334, and 1336 stored in storage device 1330), as well as special purpose processors where software instructions are incorporated into the actual processor design. Processor 1310 may essentially be a completely self-contained computing system, including multiple cores or processors, buses, memory controllers, caches, etc. Multi-core processors may be symmetric or asymmetric.

[0238] To enable user interaction, the computing system 1300 includes an input device 1345 that can represent any number of input mechanisms, such as a microphone for voice, a touch-sensitive screen for gesture or graphical input, a keyboard, a mouse, motion input, voice, etc. The computing system 1300 may also include an output device 1335, which may be one or more of a plurality of output mechanisms. In some cases, a multimodal system may enable a user to provide multiple types of input / output to communicate with the computing system 1300.

[0239] The computing system 1300 may include a communication interface 1340, which may generally govern and manage user input and system output. The communication interface may use a wired and / or wireless transceiver to perform or facilitate receiving and / or sending wired or wireless communications, including those utilizing: an audio jack / plug, a microphone jack / plug, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port / plug, an Apple TM Lightning TMPorts / plugs, Ethernet ports / plugs, fiber optic ports / plugs, proprietary wired ports / plugs, 3G, 4G, 5G and / or other cellular data network wireless signal transmission, Bluetooth TM Wireless signal transmission, Bluetooth TM Low Energy (BLE) wireless signal transmission, IBEACON TM Wireless signal transmission, radio frequency identification (RFID) wireless signal transmission, near field communication (NFC) wireless signal transmission, dedicated short range communication (DSRC) wireless signal transmission, 802.11 Wi-Fi wireless signal transmission, wireless local area network (WLAN) signal transmission, visible light communication (VLC), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), infrared (IR) communication wireless signal transmission, public switched telephone network (PSTN) signal transmission, integrated services digital network (ISDN) signal transmission, ad hoc network signal transmission, radio wave signal transmission, microwave signal transmission, infrared signal transmission, visible light signal transmission, ultraviolet light signal transmission, wireless signal transmission along the electromagnetic spectrum, or some combination thereof. The communication interface 1040 may also include one or more global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers or transceivers for determining the location of the computing system 1300 based on receiving one or more signals from one or more satellites associated with one or more GNSS systems. GNSS systems include, but are not limited to, the United States-based Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), the China-based BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), and the European-based Galileo GNSS. There is no restriction to operation of any specific hardware arrangement, and therefore the basic functionality herein may be readily substituted for improved hardware or firmware arrangements as they are developed.

[0240] The storage device 1330 may be a non-volatile and / or non-temporary and / or computer-readable memory device, and may be a hard disk or other type of computer-readable medium that can store data accessible by a computer, such as a cassette, a flash memory card, a solid-state memory device, a digital versatile disk, a cassette, a floppy disk, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape, a magnetic strip, any other magnetic storage medium, a flash memory, a memristor memory, any other solid-state memory, a compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM) optical disk, a rewritable compact disk (CD) optical disk, a digital video disk (DVD) optical disk, a Blu-ray disc (BDD) optical disk, a holographic optical disk, another optical medium, a secure digital (SD) card, a micro secure digital (microSD) card, a Memory Card, a card, a smart card chip, an EMV chip, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a mini / micro / nano / pico SIM card, another integrated circuit (IC) chip / card, a random access memory (RAM), a static RAM (SRAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a flash EPROM (FLASHPROM), a cache memory (e.g., a level 1 (L1) cache, a level 2 (L2) cache, a level 3 (L3) cache, a level 4 (L4) cache, a level 5 (L5) cache, or other (L#) cache), a resistive random access memory (RRAM / ReRAM), a phase change memory (PCM), a spin transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM), another memory chip or box, and / or a combination thereof.

[0241] Storage device 1330 may include software services, servers, services, etc., which enable the system to perform functions when processor 1310 executes code defining such software. In some aspects, hardware services that perform specific functions may include software components stored in computer-readable media, which are connected to necessary hardware components (such as processor 1310, connection 1305, output device 1335, etc.) for performing the function. The term "computer-readable medium" includes, but is not limited to, portable or non-portable storage devices, optical storage devices, and various other media capable of storing, containing or carrying instructions and / or data. Computer-readable media may include non-transitory media in which data may be stored and does not include the following: carrier waves and / or transient electronic signals propagated wirelessly or on a wired connection. Examples of non-transitory media may include, but are not limited to: disks or tapes, optical storage media such as compact discs (CDs) or digital versatile discs (DVDs), flash memory, memory, or memory devices. Computer readable medium can have code and / or machine executable instructions stored thereon, and code and / or machine executable instructions can represent any combination of process, function, subprogram, program, routine, subroutine, module, software package, class or instruction, data structure or program statement. Code segment can be coupled to another code segment or hardware circuit by transmitting and / or receiving information, data, independent variable, parameter or memory content. Can transmit, forward or send information, independent variable, parameter, data etc. via any suitable means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission etc.

[0242] Specific details are provided in the above description to provide a thorough understanding of the aspects and examples provided herein, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, although the illustrative aspects of the present application have been described in detail herein, it should be understood that the inventive concept can be embodied and adopted differently in other ways, and the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including such variations, except for variations limited by the prior art. The various features and aspects of the above-mentioned applications can be used individually or in combination. In addition, without departing from the wider scope of this specification, the aspects can be used in any number of environments and applications other than the environments and applications described herein. Therefore, the description and the accompanying drawings are considered to be illustrative rather than restrictive. For the purpose of illustration, the method is described in a specific order. It should be appreciated that in alternative aspects, the method can be performed in an order different from the described order.

[0243] For explanation, in some cases, the technology of this article can be presented as including separate functional blocks, which include equipment, device components, steps or routines in the method embodied in software, or a combination of hardware and software. In addition to the components shown in each figure and / or described herein, additional components can also be used. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes and other components can be shown as components in block diagram form, so as not to obscure these aspects in unnecessary details. In other cases, known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures and techniques can be shown as not having unnecessary details, so as to avoid obscuring these aspects.

[0244] In addition, those skilled in the art will recognize that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits and algorithm steps described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, frames, modules, circuits and steps have been generally described above around their functions. Whether such functions are implemented as hardware or software depends on specific applications and the design constraints imposed on the entire system. The technician can implement the described functions in different ways for each specific application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0245] The above text can describe each aspect as a process or method, and the process or method is depicted as a flow chart, a schematic flow chart, a data flow chart, a structure diagram or a block diagram. Although the flow chart can describe the operation as a sequential process, many operations in these operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operation can be rearranged. The process is terminated after its operation is completed, but there may be additional steps that are not included in the figure. A process (process) can correspond to a method, a function, a procedure (procedure), a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination can correspond to the function returning to a calling function or a main function.

[0246] The processes and methods according to the above examples can be implemented using computer executable instructions, which are stored in computer readable media or otherwise available from computer readable media. Such instructions may include, for example, instructions or data that cause a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or a processing device to execute or otherwise be configured to execute a specific function or a specific set of functions. Parts of the computer resources used can be accessed over a network. Computer executable instructions can be, for example, binary files, intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, firmware, source code, etc. Examples of computer readable media that can be used to store instructions, information used, and / or information created during the method according to the described examples include disks or optical disks, flash memory, USB devices provided with non-volatile memory, network storage devices, etc.

[0247] In some aspects, computer readable storage devices, media, and memories may include cables or wireless signals containing bit streams, etc. However, when referred to, non-transitory computer readable storage media explicitly excludes media such as energy, carrier signals, electromagnetic waves, and signals themselves.

[0248] Those skilled in the art will recognize that any of a variety of different technologies and methods may be used to represent information and signals. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof, which in some cases depends in part on the specific application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, and so on.

[0249] The various illustrative logic boxes, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or executed using hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or any combination thereof, and may be implemented in any of a variety of form factors. When implemented in software, firmware, middleware, or microcode, program code or code segments (e.g., computer program products) for performing necessary tasks may be stored in a computer-readable or machine-readable medium. The processor may perform the necessary tasks. Examples of form factors include personal computers, personal digital assistants, rack-mounted devices, stand-alone devices, etc., of laptop computers, smart phones, mobile phones, tablet devices, or other small form factors. The functions described herein may also be embodied in peripheral devices or plug-in cards. By way of additional example, such functions may also be implemented on circuit boards between different chips or different processes executed in a single device.

[0250] Instructions, media for transmitting such instructions, computing resources for executing them, and other structures for supporting such computing resources are example means for providing the functionality described in this disclosure.

[0251] The technology described herein may also be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, firmware, or any combination thereof. Such technology may be implemented in any of a variety of devices, such as a general-purpose computer, a wireless communication device handheld device, or an integrated circuit device with multiple uses (including applications in wireless communication devices handheld devices and other devices). Any features described as modules or components may be implemented together in an integrated logic device, or implemented as separate but interoperable logic devices, respectively. If implemented in software, the technology may be implemented at least in part by a computer-readable data storage medium, which includes a program code, which includes instructions for executing one or more of the above methods, algorithms, and / or operations when executed. The computer-readable data storage medium may form part of a computer program product, which may include packaging materials. The computer-readable medium may include a memory or data storage medium, such as a random access memory (RAM) (such as a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM)), a read-only memory (ROM), a non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a flash memory, a magnetic or optical data storage medium, and the like. Additionally or alternatively, the techniques may be implemented at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium (such as a propagated signal or wave) that carries or communicates program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed, read, and / or executed by a computer.

[0252] The program code can be executed by a processor, which may include one or more processors, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), general-purpose microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable logic arrays (FPGAs), or other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuits. Such a processor can be configured to perform any technology described in this disclosure. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in an alternative, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, a combination of one or more microprocessors and a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Therefore, the term "processor" as used herein may refer to any of the aforementioned structures, any combination of the aforementioned structures, or any other structure or device suitable for implementing the technology described herein.

[0253] A person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the less than ("<") and greater than (">") symbols or terms used herein may be replaced by less than or equal to ("≤") and greater than or equal to ("≥") symbols, respectively, without departing from the scope of the present specification.

[0254] Where a component is described as being “configured to” perform certain operations, such configuration may be achieved, for example, by designing an electronic circuit or other hardware to perform the operation, by programming a programmable electronic circuit (e.g., a microprocessor or other appropriate electronic circuit) to perform the operation, or any combination thereof.

[0255] The phrases "coupled to" or "communicatively coupled to" refer to any component that is physically connected to another component, directly or indirectly, and / or any component that communicates directly or indirectly with another component (e.g., connected to another component via a wired or wireless connection and / or other appropriate communication interface).

[0256] Claim language or other language that records "at least one" in a set and / or "one or more" in a set indicates that one member in the set or multiple members in the set (in any combination) satisfy the claim. For example, claim language that records "at least one of A and B" or "at least one of A or B" means A, B, or A and B. In another example, claim language that records "at least one of A, B, and C" or "at least one of A, B, or C" means A, B, C, or A and B, or A and C, or B and C, or A and B and C, or any repeated information or data (e.g., A and A, B and B, C and C, A and A and B, etc.), or any other ordering, repetition, or combination of A, B, and C. Language "at least one" in a set and / or "one or more" in a set does not limit the set to the items listed in the set. For example, claim language that records "at least one of A and B" or "at least one of A or B" may mean A, B, or A and B, and may additionally include items that are not listed in the set of A and B.

[0257] Illustrative aspects of the disclosure include:

[0258] Aspect 1: A method for performing wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving a first transmission from a first wireless node via a first channel, the first transmission comprising a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel; receiving a second transmission from a second wireless node via a second channel, the second transmission comprising a second AN signal combined with a second data signal, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel and is different from the first AN signal; and determining a data message based on the first transmission and the second transmission.

[0259] Aspect 2: The method according to aspect 1, wherein determining the data message is based on canceling the first AN signal and the second AN signal.

[0260] Aspect 3: The method according to aspect 2, wherein canceling the first AN signal and the second AN signal is based on soft combining the first transmission and the second transmission.

[0261] Aspect 4: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein: the first AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the first channel and a first filter coefficient associated with the receiving antenna group of the UE; and the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel and a second filter coefficient associated with the receiving antenna group of the UE, wherein the second filter coefficient is different from the first filter coefficient.

[0262] Aspect 5: A method according to Aspect 4, wherein: determining the data message based on the first transmission and the second transmission includes: using the first filter coefficient and the second filter coefficient to soft combine the first transmission and the second transmission; the first AN signal and the second AN signal are canceled based on the soft combination; and the data message includes one or more of the first data signal and the second data signal.

[0263] Aspect 6: The method according to aspect 5, wherein the first data signal and the second data signal are the same.

[0264] Aspect 7: A method according to any one of Aspects 5 to 6, wherein: the first data signal is different from the second data signal; and the first part of the data message is determined based on the first data signal, and the second part of the data message is determined based on the second data signal.

[0265] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, wherein the first AN signal and the second AN signal are generated using the same pseudo-random noise and the same rotation angle.

[0266] Aspect 9: The method according to aspect 8, wherein the first AN signal and the second AN signal are also generated based on the number of wireless nodes used for transmission of at least a portion of the data message impaired by the AN signal.

[0267] Aspect 10: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein: the first channel is associated with a first receive antenna group of the UE; the second channel is associated with a second receive antenna group of the UE, and the second receive antenna group is different from the first receive antenna group.

[0268] Aspect 11: A method according to Aspect 10, wherein: the first AN signal is generated based on the CSI and the first filter coefficient of the first channel, wherein the first filter coefficient is associated with the first receiving antenna group of the first wireless node and the UE; and the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI and the second filter coefficient of the second channel, wherein the second filter coefficient is associated with the second receiving antenna group of the second wireless node and the UE.

[0269] Aspect 12: A method for performing wireless communications at a first wireless node, comprising: receiving channel state information (CSI) of a first channel between the first wireless node and an antenna of a user equipment (UE); receiving first filter coefficients associated with the antenna of the UE; receiving an index value indicating an assigned position of the first wireless node in a set of wireless nodes; and sending a first transmission to the UE, the first transmission comprising a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the first channel, the first filter coefficients, and the index value.

[0270] Aspect 13: The method according to aspect 12, wherein the first data signal includes at least a portion of a data message sent to the UE using the set of wireless nodes.

[0271] Aspect 14: The method according to Aspect 13, wherein the first AN signal is also generated using a pseudo-random noise value associated with the set of wireless nodes.

[0272] Aspect 15: The method according to any one of Aspects 13 to 14, wherein the first AN signal is also generated based on a phase value, and the phase value is determined based on the index value.

[0273] Aspect 16: A method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 15, wherein: the first AN signal is generated to offset one or more additional AN signals generated by one or more corresponding additional wireless nodes included in the set of wireless nodes; and each of the one or more additional AN signals is generated using the pseudo-random noise value and a different index value.

[0274] Aspect 17: The method according to any one of Aspects 12 to 16 also includes: receiving CSI of a second channel between the first wireless node and the second antenna of the UE; receiving second filter coefficients associated with the second antenna of the UE; and generating the first AN signal based on the CSI of the first channel, the CSI of the second channel, the first filter coefficients and the second filter coefficients.

[0275] Aspect 18: The method according to aspect 17 further includes: sending a second transmission to the UE, the second transmission including the first AN signal combined with the first data signal.

[0276] Aspect 19: An apparatus of a user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor, coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: receive a first transmission from a first wireless node via a first channel, the first transmission comprising a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel; receive a second transmission from a second wireless node via a second channel, the second transmission comprising a second AN signal combined with a second data signal, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel and is different from the first AN signal; and determine a data message based on the first transmission and the second transmission.

[0277] Aspect 20: The apparatus according to aspect 19, wherein determining the data message is based on canceling the first AN signal and the second AN signal by soft combining the first transmission and the second transmission.

[0278] Aspect 21: An apparatus according to any one of Aspects 19 to 20, wherein: the first AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the first channel and a first filter coefficient associated with the receiving antenna group of the UE; and the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel and a second filter coefficient associated with the receiving antenna group of the UE, wherein the second filter coefficient is different from the first filter coefficient.

[0279] Aspect 22: An apparatus according to Aspect 21, wherein: in order to determine the data message based on the first transmission and the second transmission, the at least one processor is configured to: use the first filter coefficient and the second filter coefficient to soft combine the first transmission and the second transmission; the first AN signal and the second AN signal are canceled based on the soft combination; and the data message includes one or more of the first data signal and the second data signal.

[0280] Aspect 23: The apparatus according to Aspect 22, wherein the first data signal and the second data signal are the same.

[0281] Aspect 24: An apparatus according to any one of Aspects 22 to 23, wherein: the first data signal is different from the second data signal; and the first part of the data message is determined based on the first data signal, and the second part of the data message is determined based on the second data signal.

[0282] Aspect 25: The apparatus according to any one of Aspects 19 to 24, wherein the first AN signal and the second AN signal are generated using the same pseudo-random noise and the same rotation angle.

[0283] Aspect 26: The apparatus according to Aspect 25, wherein the first AN signal and the second AN signal are also generated based on the number of wireless nodes used for transmission of at least a portion of the data message impaired by the AN signal.

[0284] Aspect 27: An apparatus according to any one of Aspects 19 to 26, wherein: the first channel is associated with a first receive antenna group of the UE; and the second channel is associated with a second receive antenna group of the UE, and the second receive antenna group is different from the first receive antenna group.

[0285] Aspect 28: An apparatus according to Aspect 27, wherein: the first AN signal is generated based on the CSI and the first filter coefficient of the first channel, wherein the first filter coefficient is associated with the first receiving antenna group of the first wireless node and the UE; and the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI and the second filter coefficient of the second channel, wherein the second filter coefficient is associated with the second receiving antenna group of the second wireless node and the UE.

[0286] Aspect 29: An apparatus for a wireless node for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor, coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: receive channel state information (CSI) of a first channel between the wireless node and an antenna of a user equipment (UE); receive a first filter coefficient associated with the antenna of the UE; receive an index value indicating an assigned position of the wireless node in a set of wireless nodes; and send a first transmission to the UE, the first transmission comprising a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the first channel, the first filter coefficient, and the index value.

[0287] Aspect 30: The apparatus according to Aspect 29, wherein the first AN signal is also generated based on one or more of a phase value associated with the index value and a pseudo-random noise value associated with the set of wireless nodes.

[0288] Aspect 31: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform operations according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11.

[0289] Aspect 32: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising means for performing the operations according to any one of aspects 1 to 11.

[0290] Aspect 33: A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by one or more processors, causing the one or more processors to perform operations according to any one of aspects 1 to 11.

[0291] Aspect 34: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform operations according to any one of Aspects 12 to 18.

[0292] Aspect 35: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising means for performing the operations according to any one of Aspects 12 to 18.

[0293] Aspect 36: A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by one or more processors, causing the one or more processors to perform operations according to any one of aspects 12 to 18.

[0294] Aspect 37: A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by one or more processors, causing the one or more processors to perform operations according to any one of Aspects 19 to 30.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving a first transmission from a first wireless node via a first channel, the first transmission comprising a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel; receiving a second transmission from a second wireless node via a second channel, the second transmission comprising a second AN signal combined with a second data signal, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel and is different from the first AN signal; and A data message is determined based on the first transmission and the second transmission.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: Determining the data message is based on canceling the first AN signal and the second AN signal.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: Canceling the first AN signal and the second AN signal is based on soft combining the first transmission and the second transmission.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The first AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the first channel and first filter coefficients associated with a receive antenna group of the UE; and The second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel and second filter coefficients associated with the receive antenna group of the UE, wherein the second filter coefficients are different from the first filter coefficients.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein: Determining the data message based on the first transmission and the second transmission includes: soft combining the first transmission and the second transmission using the first filter coefficients and the second filter coefficients; The first AN signal and the second AN signal are canceled based on the soft combining; and The data message includes one or more of the first data signal and the second data signal.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein: The first data signal and the second data signal are the same.

7. The method according to claim 5, wherein: The first data signal is different from the second data signal; and A first portion of the data message is determined based on the first data signal, and a second portion of the data message is determined based on the second data signal.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The first AN signal and the second AN signal are generated using the same pseudo-random noise and the same rotation angle.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein: The first AN signal and the second AN signal are also generated based on a number of wireless nodes used for transmission of at least a portion of the data message impaired by the AN signal.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein: The first channel is associated with a first receive antenna group of the UE; and The second channel is associated with a second receive antenna group of the UE, the second receive antenna group being different from the first receive antenna group.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein: The first AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the first channel and first filter coefficients, wherein the first filter coefficients are associated with the first wireless node and the first receive antenna group of the UE; and The second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel and second filter coefficients associated with the second wireless node and the second receive antenna group of the UE.

12. A method for wireless communication at a first wireless node, comprising: receiving channel state information (CSI) of a first channel between the first wireless node and an antenna of a user equipment (UE); receiving first filter coefficients associated with the antenna of the UE; receiving an index value indicating an assigned position of the first wireless node in the set of wireless nodes; as well as A first transmission is sent to the UE, the first transmission comprising a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the first channel, the first filter coefficients, and the index value.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein: The first data signal includes at least a portion of a data message sent to the UE using the set of wireless nodes.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein: The first AN signal is also generated using pseudo-random noise values ​​associated with the set of wireless nodes.

15. The method according to claim 13, wherein: The first AN signal is also generated based on a phase value, and the phase value is determined based on the index value.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein: generating the first AN signal to cancel one or more additional AN signals generated by one or more corresponding additional wireless nodes included in the set of wireless nodes; and Each of the one or more additional AN signals is generated using the pseudo-random noise value and a different index value.

17. The method according to claim 12, further comprising: receiving CSI of a second channel between the first wireless node and a second antenna of the UE; receiving second filter coefficients associated with the second antenna of the UE; as well as The first AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the first channel, the CSI of the second channel, the first filter coefficients, and the second filter coefficients.

18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising: A second transmission is sent to the UE, the second transmission comprising the first AN signal combined with the first data signal.

19. An apparatus for a user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; as well as at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: receiving a first transmission from a first wireless node via a first channel, the first transmission comprising a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on channel state information (CSI) of the first channel; receiving a second transmission from a second wireless node via a second channel, the second transmission comprising a second AN signal combined with a second data signal, wherein the second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel and is different from the first AN signal; and A data message is determined based on the first transmission and the second transmission.

20. The device according to claim 19, wherein Determining the data message is based on canceling the first AN signal and the second AN signal by soft combining the first transmission and the second transmission.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein: The first AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the first channel and first filter coefficients associated with a receive antenna group of the UE; and The second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel and second filter coefficients associated with the receive antenna group of the UE, wherein the second filter coefficients are different from the first filter coefficients.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein: To determine the data message based on the first transmission and the second transmission, the at least one processor is configured to: soft combine the first transmission and the second transmission using the first filter coefficient and the second filter coefficient; The first AN signal and the second AN signal are canceled based on the soft combining; and The data message includes one or more of the first data signal and the second data signal.

23. The device according to claim 22, wherein: The first data signal and the second data signal are the same.

24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein: The first data signal is different from the second data signal; and A first portion of the data message is determined based on the first data signal, and a second portion of the data message is determined based on the second data signal.

25. The device according to claim 19, wherein The first AN signal and the second AN signal are generated using the same pseudo-random noise and the same rotation angle.

26. The device according to claim 25, wherein The first AN signal and the second AN signal are also generated based on a number of wireless nodes used for transmission of at least a portion of the data message impaired by the AN signal.

27. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein: The first channel is associated with a first receive antenna group of the UE; The second channel is associated with a second receive antenna group of the UE, the second receive antenna group being different from the first receive antenna group.

28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein: The first AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the first channel and first filter coefficients, wherein the first filter coefficients are associated with the first wireless node and the first receive antenna group of the UE; and The second AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the second channel and second filter coefficients associated with the second wireless node and the second receive antenna group of the UE.

29. An apparatus for a wireless node for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; as well as at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: receiving channel state information (CSI) of a first channel between the wireless node and an antenna of a user equipment (UE); receiving first filter coefficients associated with the antenna of the UE; receiving an index value indicating an assigned position of the wireless node in a set of wireless nodes; as well as A first transmission is sent to the UE, the first transmission comprising a first artificial noise (AN) signal combined with a first data signal, wherein the first AN signal is generated based on the CSI of the first channel, the first filter coefficients, and the index value.

30. The device according to claim 29, wherein: The first AN signal is also generated based on one or more of a phase value associated with the index value and a pseudo-random noise value associated with the set of wireless nodes.

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