Compositions having pesticidal utility and methods related thereto

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the field of molecules having pesticidal utility on pests in Phyla Arthropoda, Mollusca and Nematoda, methods of producing such molecules, pesticidal compositions containing such molecules, and methods of using such pesticidal compositions against such pests. These pesticidal compositions can be used, for example, as acaricides, insecticides, acaricides, molluscicides, and nematicides. This document discloses molecules having the formula and mixtures thereof. # imgabs0 #

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 343,182, filed on May 18, 2022. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to the field of molecules having pesticidal effects on harmful organisms in the phyla Arthropoda, Mollusca and Nematoda, methods of producing such molecules, pesticidal compositions containing such molecules, and methods of using such pesticidal compositions against such harmful organisms. These pesticidal compositions can be used, for example, as acaricides, insecticides, acaricides, molluscicides, and nematicides. Background Art

[0004] The present disclosure relates to the field of molecules having pesticidal effects on harmful organisms in the phyla Arthropoda, Mollusca and Nematoda, methods of producing such molecules, intermediates used in such methods, and methods of using such pesticidal compositions to combat such harmful organisms. These pesticidal compositions can be used, for example, as acaricides, insecticides, acaricides, molluscicides, and nematicides.

[0005] “Many of the most dangerous human diseases are transmitted by insect vectors” (Rivero et al., Insect Control of Vector–Borne Diseases: When is Insect Resistance a Problem? Public Library of Science Pathogens, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 1–9, 2010). "Historically, malaria, dengue, yellow fever, plague, filariasis, louse-borne typhus, trypanomiasis, leishmaniasis, and other vector-borne diseases caused more human illness and death from the 17th to the early 20th centuries than all other causes combined" (Gubler, D., Resurgent Vector–Borne Diseases as a Global Health Problem, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 442–450, 1998). Vector-borne diseases account for approximately 17% of parasitic and infectious diseases worldwide. Malaria alone causes more than 800,000 deaths each year, 85% of which occur in children under five years of age. There are approximately 50 to 100 million cases of dengue each year. There are also 250,000 to 500,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever each year (Matthews., Integrated Vector Management: Controlling Vectors of Malaria and Other Insect Vector Borne Diseases, Chapter 1, p. 1, 2011). Vector control plays a vital role in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. However, resistance to insecticides, including resistance to multiple insecticides, has emerged in all insect species that are major vectors of human diseases (Rivero et al.).Recently, more than 550 arthropod species have developed resistance to at least one pesticide (Whalon et al., Analysis of Global Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods, Global Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods, Chapter 1, pp. 5–33, 2008). In addition, cases of insect resistance continue to outnumber cases of herbicide and fungicide resistance by far (Sparks et al., IRAC: Mode of action classification and insecticide resistance management, Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology (2014), available online, December 4, 2014).

[0006] Every year, insects, plant pathogens and weeds destroy more than 40% of all food production. This loss occurs despite the application of pesticides and the use of a wide variety of non-chemical control measures (such as crop rotation) and biological control measures. If only a portion of this food could be saved, it could be used to feed the world's more than 3 billion malnourished people (Pimental, D., Pest Control in World Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences - Volume II, 2009).

[0007] Plant parasitic nematodes are one of the most common harmful organisms, and are usually the most hidden and cause the most serious losses. It is estimated that the losses attributable to nematodes range from about 9% in developed countries to about 15% in underdeveloped countries. However, surveys of various crops in 35 states of the United States show that the losses from nematodes are as high as 25% (Nicol et al., Current Nematode Threats to World Agriculture [current nematode threats to world agriculture], Genomic and Molecular Genetics of Plant–Nematode Interactions [plant–nematode interaction of genomic genetics and molecular genetics] pp. 21–43, 2011).

[0008] It is noteworthy that gastropods (slugs and snails) are pests of lower economic importance than other arthropods or nematodes, but in some places they may significantly reduce yields, seriously affect the quality of harvested products, and spread human, animal, and plant diseases. Although only a few dozen gastropod species are serious regional pests, a few species are important pests on a global scale. In particular, gastropods affect a wide variety of agricultural and horticultural crops, such as arable, pastoral, and fiber crops; vegetables; shrubs and tree fruits; herbs; and ornamental plants (Speiser, B., Molluscicides, Encyclopedia of Pest Management, Chapter 219, pp. 506–508, 2002).

[0009] Termites cause damage to all types of private and public structures, as well as agricultural and forestry resources. In 2005, termites were estimated to cause more than $50 billion in damages worldwide each year (Korb, J., Termites, Current Biology, Vol. 17, No. 23, 2007).

[0010] Thus, for many reasons, including those noted above, the need to develop new pesticides, which is expensive (estimated at approximately $286 million per pesticide in 2014), time-consuming (average of approximately 11.3 years per pesticide), and difficult, continues to exist (Phillips McDougall, The Cost of New Agrochemical Product Discovery, Development and Registration in 1995, 2000, 20005-8 and 2010-2014. R&D expenditure in 2014 and expectations for 2019, 2016).

[0011] Definitions used in this disclosure

[0012] The examples provided herein are not exhaustive and should not be construed as limiting. It is understood that substituents should comply with chemical bonding rules and steric compatibility constraints relative to the specific molecule to which they are attached. These definitions are only used for the purposes of this disclosure.

[0013] The phrase "active ingredient" (sometimes referred to as "AI") means a material having an activity that can be used to control pests and / or a material that can be used to help other materials have better activity to control pests. Examples of such materials include, but are not limited to, acaricides, algaecides, antifeedants, aviicides, bactericides, bird repellents, chemosterilants, fungicides, herbicide safeners, herbicides, insect attractants, insect repellents, insecticides, mammal repellents, mating disruptors, molluscicides, nematicides, plant activators, plant growth regulators, rodenticides, synergists, and virucides (see alanwood.net). Examples of such materials include, but are not limited to, the materials listed in active ingredient group α.

[0014] The phrase "active ingredient group alpha" (hereinafter "AIGA") collectively means the following materials: (3-ethoxypropyl)mercuric bromide, 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-D, 1,3-dichloropropylene, 1-methylcyclopropene, 1-naphthol, 2-(octylthio)ethanol, 2,2,3-TPA, 2,3,3-TPA, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid, 2,3,6-TBA, 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-TB, 2,4,5-TP, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DEB, 2,4-DEP, 2,4-DES, 2,4-DP, 2,4-MCPA, 2,4-MCPB, 2iP, 2-methoxyethylmercuric chloride, 2-phenylphenol, 3,4-DA, 3,4-DB, 3,4-DP, 3,6-dichloropyridine, 4-aminopyridine, 4-CPA, 4-CPB, 4-CPP, 4-hydroxyphenylethanol, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, 8-phenylmercury oxyquinoline, avermectin, avermectin, abscisic acid, ACC, acetamiprid, acethion, acetochlor, trichlorfon, ethylphos, acetothion, acibenzolar, trifluorfen, benzonitropropane, ACN, acrep, flumethrin, acrolein, acrylonitrile, acynonapyr, acypetacs, bicyclam, afolan, alachlor, cypermethrin, albendazole, aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone sulfone), aldimorph, aldimorph, aldrin, allethrin, allicin, dimethoate, allylamine, alloxydim, allyl alcohol, chlorfenapyr, pentachlorovaleric acid, α-bromadiolone, α-cypermethrin, α-endosulfan, high-efficiency cypermethrin, hexamethylmelamine, aluminum phosphide, aluminum phosphide, pyraclostrobin, amethadione, ametryn, ametryne, terfenadone, amitriptyline, seed dressing, saiguo, alachlor, sulfamethoxam, acylamidin, acylamidin, cyproconazole, aminopyraclostrobin, aminopyraclostrobin (a minopyrifen), aminotriazole, methylaminophosphine, aminephosphine, methylaminophosphine, amisulbrom, amine absorption phosphorus, amitraz, cypermethrin, ammonium aminosulfate, mancozeb, amorphous silica, amorphous silica, aminopropyl phosphonic acid, AMS, neonicotinoids, pyrimidine alcohol, dichlorvos, cypermethrin, thiamethoxam, anthraquinone, potassium antimony tartrate, antu, oxazolidinone, cypermethrin, propoxur, arsenic trioxide, arsenic trioxide, aspirin, chloranil, ethyl cypermethrin, atraton, atrazine, golden nystatin, avermectin B1, AVG, ivermectin, azaconazole, azadirachtin, pyrifos, methyl pyrifos,Aphidicide, tetrazosulfuron, azinphos-methyl, ethyl azinphos-methyl, methyl-azinphos-methyl, azidophos-methyl, thiram-oxygen, azobenzene, triazotin, azophos, myclobutanil, chrysanthemum ester, barban, barbanate, barium hexafluorosilicate, barium polysulfide, barium fluorosilicate, fumonisin, basic copper carbonate, basic copper chloride, basic copper sulfate, BCPC, beflubutamid, beflubutamid-M, benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, benzaclostrobin, benzaclostrobin, bendaqingbingzhi, bendioxide, Fluazifop, ethyl fluazifop, benfuracarb, furosulfuron, benmihuangcaoan, oxadiazine, benomyl, chlorpyrifos, benzylsulfuron, benzylphos, benzylhydrazine, benzylsulfuron, benzylphos, benzylsulfuron, benzylphos, benzylsulfuron, benzylphos, bentazon, bentazone, benzthiopyrad, benzylthiocyanate, benthiocarb, bentranil, amine acid killer, benzalkonium chloride, benzene acrylate, isoxaprozil, antifungal, hexachlorobenzene, benzylpyrimidine, benzylamine, benzylchloride, benzobicyclon, endosulfan, pyraclostrobin, fluazifop, phenylhydroxamic acid, benzamectin, benzophosphate, benzothiadiazole, benzovinflumazole, benzamectin, new Yanling, benzylpyrimidine benzyl sulfoxide, benzyl sulfoxide, benzyl sulfoxide, benzyl sulfoxide, berberine, β-cyfluthrin, β-cypermethrin, bethoxazin, BHC, bialaphos, bicyclopyrone, bifenazate, herbicide, bifenthrin, pyrifos, bialaphos, binamitraz, propiconazole, propionitrile, bio-allethrin, resmethrin, bio-permethrin, bio-resmethrin, biphenyl, bispyribac, bisazir, thiabendazole, thiabendazole-copper, methylenebis(x-naphthalene-y-sulfonic acid) diphenylmercury, bispyribac-butyl, bistrifluan, dimethoate, bifenthrin, bis-triazole, thiobis-dichlorophenol, bifenthrin, dichloroisothiazide, blasticidin-S , borax, Bordeaux mixture, boric acid, boscalid, BPCMS, BPPS, brassinolide, ethyl brassinolide, beetle sex pheromone (brevicomin), brodifacoum, brofenprox, bromethrin, brofenoxamide, bromothrin, herbicide, bromadiolone, dibromophos, bromothiazide, bromothrin, bromophenoxate, bromoacetamide, furanil, bromobutyric acid, bromothiophene, bromo-DDT, bromothiophene, bromothiophene, methyl bromide, bromothiophene, ethyl bromothiophene, bromothiophene, bromothiophene, bromoxynil, bromomycin, bromothiophene ...Buprofezin, borgendiyl mixture, busulphan, busulphan, butachlor, fluazifop-butyl, oxazolidinone, butachlor ... , chlormethoxam, carbaryl, carbaryl, carbazone, carbathion, carbendazim, carbendazol, carbothion, carbofuran, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, carbonyl sulfide, trithion, malathion (carbophos), carbosulfan, teroxazolidinone, cyclopentadienyl, carboxin, mesotrione, cyproconazole, cartap, carvacrol, carvone, CAVP, CDAA, CDEA, CDEC, chlorothalonil, CEPC, ceralure, cerenox, cevadilla, Cheshinte (Ches hunt mixture, chinalphos, methyl quinalphos, chinomethionat, chinomethionate, chiralaxyl, chitosan, chlorfenapyr, chloralose, chlorfenapyr, chloramine, chloramizol, chloramphenicol, diamine, tetrachlorobenzoquinone, butyralid, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, kolazen, chloranil, chlorfenapyr, borneol, chlorbromid, chloranil, chlordane, chlordecone, chlordimeform, chlorpyrifos, chloretazate, ethephon, chloroxyphos, chloreturon, Valazolam, chlorfenapyr, benzimidazole, chlorfenapyr, mefenamic acid, avena sativa, chlorfenapyr, dichlorvos, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr, chlorflurecol, chlorfluren, chlorflurenol, chlorfenapyr, chlorsulfuron, chloride, chlor-IPC, chlormethol, chlormequat, sulfotrione, methoxyfenopyr, chlorethyl, chlorquadron, chloroacetic acid, ethyl chlorfenapyr, chlorodinitronaphthalene, chlorfenapyr, chloroform, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr,Chloroxifenidim, chloroxuron, hydroxydichlorvos, tributylchlorobenzylphosphonium, chlorphoxim, chlorimide, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, tetrachloroquinoxaline, chlorsulfuron, dichlorvos, chlorpyrifos, chlortoluene, chlorotoluron, acetothion, chitosan, cholecalciferol, choline chloride, chlorfenapyr, cycloheximide, cimectomycin, cimectomycin, cimetacarb, cimetacarb, cypermethrin I, cypermethrin II, cypermethrin, indolecarb, cyproconazole, chlorpyrifos ... clenpyrin, clethodim, climbazole, iodine chlorpyrifos, clodinafop-butyl, dimethoate, pyridazine, DDT, clofenac, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr, isoclomazone, barnyardgrass, molluscicide, chloranil, chlorpropoxycin, bike grass, cloquintocet, clorac, closantel, closantel, clothianidin, clotrimazole, chloranil, cloxylacon, clozylacon, CMA, CMMP, CMP, CMU, codlelure, cholecalciferol, thiathion, 8-hydroxyquinoline copper, copper acetate, copper acetoarsenite, copper arsenate, basic copper carbonate, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oleate, chlor Copper oxide, copper silicate, copper sulfate, basic copper sulfate, copper zinc chromate, chlorfenapyr, coumafène, coumafos, coumafuryl, coumaphos, coumafos, carbofuryl, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, CPMC, CPMF, CPPC, ethoxyfen, cresol, cresylic acid, cypermethrin, crotamiton, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cryolite, cue-lure, thiophene, cumyleron, cumyluron, copper chloride, cuprous oxide, curcumol, CVMP, cyanamide, cyanamide, cyanazine, benzonitrile phosphine, cyanide, 4-amino-3-chloro -5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid cyanomethyl ester, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, cyanamide, cyanuric acid, cyanazofamid, cybutryne, cyproconazole, cyproconazole, cybromothiocarb, cyproconazole, cycloheximide, cyproconazole, cyproconazole, cycloheximide, cyproconazole, cyproconazole, cyproconazole, cyprosulfuron, cycloheximide, cyproconazole, cyproconazole, cyprosulfuron, cyproconazole, cyprosulfuron, cyproconazole, cyprosulfuron, cyproconazole, cyprosulfuron, cyproconazole, cyproconazole, cyprosulfuron, cyproconazole, cyproconazole, cyproconazole, cyproconazole, cyproconazole, cyproconazole,Cyprazole, cyproconazole, cyproconazole, cyproconazole, cyprosulfamide, cyprofensulfone, cyromazine, cyprodinil, cytrex, cypermethrin, dapoxetine, dacryloyl, dacryloyl, dazomethane, DBCP, d-camphor, DCB, DCD, DCIP, DCPA (Japan), DCPA (USA), DCPTA, DCU, DDD, DDPP, DDT, DDVP, imidacloprid, decamethrin, deltamethrin, carbofuran, DEET, dehydroacetic acid, deiquat, delachlor, delnav, deltamethrin, demephion, demephion-O, demephion-S, demeton-O, methyl demeton-O, demeton-O-methyl, demeton-S, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulphone, demeton-S-methylsulphon, DEP, depalléthrine, rotenone, betaine, desmetryn, desmetryne, d-trans-chlorargylthrin, DFDT, diafenthiuron, dialifor, dialifos, diallate, di-allate, diamidafos, dianat, diatomaceous earth earth), diatomite, diazinon, dibromophos, dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl succinate, dicamba, isochlorothion, dicarbasulf, dicarbosulf, dichlornitrile, dichlorthiocarb, chloranil, dichloralurea, dichlorfenidim, dichlorflurecol, Dichlorflurenol, benzylamine, dichlormid, dichloromethane, dichlorophen, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, dichlorvos, dichlozolin, dichlozoline, benzyltriazole, dichlorocyanamide, diclofenac, diclomezine, chloranil, dichlorothiazine, dichlorosulfamide, dicofol,DDT, dicoumarol, dicresyl, dicrotophos, dicryl, dicumarol, dicyclanil, dicyclonon, dieldrin, chlorpyrifos, diethyl chlorpyrifos, diethatyl, diethion, diethion, ethophos, synergist, diethon, diethyl pyrocarbonate, DEET, fenpropimorph, difenopenten, difenamic acid, difenzoquat, thiamethoxam, fluazifop, insecticide Urea, diflufenican, diflufenicanil, diflupyron, fluazifop, dikegulac, dilor, dimatif, tetrafluthrin, fenthrin, oxazolidinone, dimethoprot, dimethoate, dimethocarb, dimesulfazet, sclerotin, dimethocarb, dimesulfazet, sclerotin, dimethachlor, isopentyl, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, thiamethoxam, dimethinol, dimethoate, dimethomorph, dimethrin, mosquito repellent, dimethyl disulfide , dimethyl phthalate, methyl chlorpyrifos, diflycarb, dimexano, chlorpyrifos, ethersporin, fenthion, dimethoate, dimethoate, chlorpyrifos, pyraclostrobin, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dimethoate, dinitrophenol, dinitrochlor, dinitroprop, dinitroprop-4, dinitroprop-6, dinocton, dinofenate, nitropentyl, propanol, pentophenol, dinoseb, nitrobenzene, dimethoate, terephthalate, nitrobutyl, fenthion, vegetable phosphorus, dioxocarb, dioxathion, dioxatio n), diphacin, diphacinone, diphenadione, diphenamid, diphenamide, diphenyl sulfone, diphenylamine, diphenylsulphide, furanoic acid, dichlorvos, isopropylamine, trichlorfon, dipymetitrone, dipyrithione, diquat, disodium tetraborate, dimethoate, female gypsy moth attractant (disparlure), disugran, cypermethrin, disulfiram,disulfothion, dimethoate, dicyanoanthraquinone, dithiophos, dimethyl disulfide, dithiométon, dithiopyr, diuron, dixanthogen, d-limonene, DMDS, DMPA, DNOC, dodemorph, dodine, dodine, dominicalure, doramectin, DPC, drazoxolon, DSMA, D-trans-allethrin, D-trans-resmethrin, dufulin, Sapuron, EBEP, EBP, ebufos, ecdysterone, echlomezol, EDB, EDC, EDDP, kewensan, licorice, emamectin, EMPC, fenthrin, fenadenine, endosulfan, endothal, endothall, endoxan, endrin, enoxastrobin, enilconazole, enoxastrobin, ephirsulfonate, EPN, brassinolide, epoxiconazole, eprinomectin, epro naz), ε-methofluthrin, ε-epsilon-momfluorothrin, EPTC, cypermethrin, ergocalciferol, erlujixiancaoan, esdépalléthrine, cypermethrin, ESP, pentocarb, vinylsilane, ethochlor, etaphos, manthiabendazim, oxathiapiprolin, oxadiazine, ethadimuron, ethifencarb, ethiolate, ethion, ethiprole, ethiprole ole), ethirimol, ethiobenzanid, ethobenzanid, ethoxyfen, ethoxysulfuron, indole, ethyl formate, ethyl pyrophosphate, ethylan, ethyl-DDD, ethylene, ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride, ethylene oxide, ethylalicin, 2,3-dihydroxypropylmercury, ethylmercury acetate, ethylmercury bromide, ethylmercury chloride, ethylmercury phosphate, nitroglycerin, ETM, ethomethacin, ethomethacin, ethomethrin, etoxazole, etrimfos, etrimfos,Ethimphos, eugenol, EXD, famoxadone, fenamiphos, fenamiphos, imidacloprid, fenaminosulf, enoxadone, fenamiphos, imidacloprid, fenarimol, fensulfuron, fenamiphos, fenbuconazole, fenbutatin, fenchlorphos, fenclofos, fenclomid, fenfencarb, pentothrin, furamide, fenhexamid, fenidim, fenthion, fenitrothion, fenazolidinone, fenbutatin, fenolovo, fenpropimorph oprop), fenthiocarb, fenoxacrim, fenoxanil, fenoxaprop-P, fenoxasulfone, fenoxycarb, fenpicoxamid, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fenpyraclostrobin, fenpyraclostrobin, fenquinotrione, fenridazon, fenthiocarb, fensulfophos, chlorphenoxyethanol, fentiaprop-P, fenthion, ethyl fenthion, fentiaprop, triphenylphosphine Tin, tetrazomethanil, fentrifanil, fenitromethoron, fenitromethoron-TCA, cypermethrin, ferram, ferimzone, ferric phosphate, ferrous sulfate, fipronil, flamprop, flamprop-M, flazasulfuron, fludioxaline, flometoquin, flonicamid, bispyribac, florpyrauxifen, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, florylpicoxamid, pyrimidine, trifluramide, pyrimethamine Fluazifop-P, fluazifop-P, fluazifop-butyl, isopropylpyraclostrobin, fluazuron, flubendiamide, flufenoxamide, flumetin, bromothrin, flucarbazone, flupysulfuron, fluchloralin, fluclorox, flucycloxuron, flucythrinate, fludioxonil, fluenthyl, fluenetil, fluthiazol, flufenerim, flufenican, flufenoxuron, flutolan, triflumuron,Flupyridazine, flufenoxam, butene flupronil, fluhexifene, fluinoxam, fluchlorfenapyr, flumethrin, fluoxamidopropynil, flumezin, flufenoxac, flumipropyn, flumorph, fluometuron, fluopyram, fluopimomide, fluopyram, flutocillin, saccharin, fluoroacetamide, fluoroacetic acid, flutriafol, fluorinated-DDT, flufenoxam, fludioxonil, flupyridone, fluoro-DDT, flufenoxam, flufenoxam, fluoropyridone, fluoroimide, fluoromide, fluoromidine, flufenoxam, flutocillin, fluorosulfur fluoxapiprolin, fluoxastrobin, fluoxazolin, fluoxazolin, flupoxam, flupropacil, flufenamide, flupropionic acid, flupyrone, flupyrimin, flupyrimidine, flufensulfuron, fluquinconazole, flurelana, flurecol, flurenol, flupyrone, fluromidine, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyrmeptyl, flurprimidol, flusulfamide, fluroxazone, flusilazole, Flusulfamide, flumethoxam, flufenacet, fluthiazide, fluthiazide, flutolanil, flutolanil, fluvalinate, fluoxazolidinone, flutolanil, flutolanil, fluxofenim, folpel, folpet, fomesulfuron, flufenophos, formosulfuron, chlorpyrifos, formaldehyde, flumethoxam, formothion, carbendazim, fosetyl, butylfenthion, fospirate, thiathion, butylthiophos, frontalin, fthalide, maltose, fluazifop-butyl, flutolanil ... umi), cypermethrin, flunaphthyl, furanthiocarb, furalane, furalaxyl, furametpyr, furanthrin, furamycin, furamide, furconazole, furconazole-cis, furethrin, furaldehyde, furilazole, chloranil, furophanate, furoxyfen-butyl, γ-BHC, γ-cyhalothrin, γ-HCH, gibberellic acid, gibberellic acid A3, gibberellic acid, gliftor, glitor, chloralose, glufosinate,Glufosinate-P, glufosinate, glyoxime, glyphosate, glydiphosate, pink bollworm sex attractant, lure-killing agent, griseofulvin, guanoctine, biguanide salt, quinoline acrylate, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-methyl, benzylfen, chlorfenapyr, flunitril, chlorpyrifos, haloxyfop-methyl, fluazifop-methyl, haloxyfop-P, haloxyfop-R, HCA, HCB, HCH, hemel, hexamethon, HEO D, heptachlor, hexafluthrin, reduced XFG xyloglucan, heptamaloxyloglucan, heptylphos, yield-increasing oxime, herbicide, herbicide A, cypermethrin, hexachlor, hexachlorocyclohexane, hexachloroacetone, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorobutadiene, hexachlorophene, hexaconazole, hexaflumuron, hexafluoramin, hexaflurate, hexalure, hexamidine. de), hexazinone, hexylthiofos, hexythiazolin, HHDN, holosulf, homobrassinolide, huancaiwo, huanchongjing, huangcaoling, cyproconazole, hydrazone, mercury, slaked lime, cyanamide, hydrogen cyanide, methoprene, hydroxyisoxazole, oxadiazine, hyquincarb, IAA, IBA, IBP, icaridin, imipenem Imazalil, imazapyr, imazamethoate, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, pyraclostrobin, imidazole, imicyafos, imidacloprid, chlorthiazolin, iminoctadine, iminoctadine, inabenfide, indoxorubicin, indoxorubicin, inezin, infusorial soil earth), inpyrfluxam, iodobonil, iodocarb, iodothiophos, iodomethane, iodosulfuron, iodoxybenzonitrile, oxazolidinone, IPBC, IPC, ipconazole, ipfencarbazone, ipfentrifluconazole, ipflufenoquin, isopyruvate, iprodione, valproic acid, ipsdienol, ipsdienol, IPSP,IPX, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr, carbofuran, isocarbamid, isocarbamide, isocarbamide, isothiocarb, isoxathiapiprolin, isothiocarb, isoproterenol, isopropylamine, isopropylamine methyl, isofetamid, isoflucypram, isolan, butyric acid, isopamphos, isopamphos, isopolinate, isoprocarb, isothiocarb, isoprolin, isoprofenoxam, isopamphos-butyl, isoproturon, pyraclostrobin, isopamphos (isopyrimol), isothiocarb, isothiopyrim, isovaledione, isoxathione, isoxathione, isoxathione, isoxathione, ivermectin, ixoxaben, izopamfos, izopamphos, Japanese beetle attractant, pyralidin, jasmonate I, jasmonate II, jasmonic acid, sulfenthrin, methyl pyralidin, pyralidin, pyralidin, well Okamycin A, iodine thiophos, juvenile hormone I, juvenile hormone II, juvenile hormone III, kadethrin, k-bifenthrin, k-tefluthrin, karbutilate, karetazan, kasugamycin, kejunlin, chlorfenapyr, ketospiradox, kieselguhr, kinetin, methoprene, bensulfuron, kresoxim-methyl, quinacridone, lactofen Ling, lambda-cyhalothrin, lancotrione, latilure, lead arsenate, cypermethrin, lepidomycin, bromophenylphos, bifenazate, lime sulfur, lindane, lineatin, linuron, acetamiprid, noctuid sex attractant, cabbage looper sex attractant, lotirana, lufenuron, cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-butyl, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, thiathion, M-74, M-81, MAA, magnesium phosphide, malathion, maldison, maleic hydrazide hydrazide), propionyl cypermethrin, maltodextrin, MAMA, mancozeb, mancozeb, mandestrobin, mandipropanil, maneb, matrine, phosphorus azide, MCC, MCP, MCPA, MCPA-thioethyl ester, MCPB, MCPP, mebenil, mefenamic acid,mecarbinzid, mecoprop, mecoprop-P, mecarbinol, menoterb, mefenacet, mefenacet, metalaxyl, pyrazoline oxalate, chlorfenapyr, fluazifop, megatomoic acid, melissyl alcohol, melitoxin, MEMC, menazon, MEP, mefenacet, chlorfenapyr, mephenate, mepiquat, mepronil, meptyldinocap, mercaptodimethur, mercaptophos, mercaptophos thiol, malathion, mercuric chloride, mercuric oxide, mercurous chloride, defoliant phosphorus, defoliant phosphorus oxide (merphos oxide), mesotrione, mesosulfuron, mesotrione, mesulfen, mesulfenfos, mesulphen, metacresol, cyanamide, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, metaldehyde, methamphetamine, oxadiazine, metamitron, metaphos, metataxon, metazachlor, metazosulfuron, metachlorothiazide, metcamifen, metconazole, metep a), metflurazon, methylbenzimidazole, cypermethrin, methalpropalin, metham, methamidophos, methasulfocarb, chlorpyrifos, furazolidone, methylbenzimidazole, methidathion, methiobencarb, methiocarb, methiosulfuron, methiothioate, methiosulfuron, methiothioate, methiozoline, methiuron, cypermethrin, metholcarb, ether grass, methomyl, methoprene, methoprotryn, methoprotryne, methoquinone, methoxychlor, methoxyfenozide, methoxychlor, methyl sterile (methyl sterile) apholate), methyl bromide, methyl eugenol, methyl iodide, methyl isothiocyanate, methyl parathion, methyl ethyl phosphonium, methyl chloroform, methyl dithiocarbamate, methyl thiocarbamate, dimethoate, dichloromethane, methyl isofenphos, methyl fenthion,Methylmercaptophos oxide, methylmercaptophos thiol, methylmercury benzoate, methylmercury cyanoguanidine, methylmercury pentachlorophenol, methylneodecanamide, fenitrothion, methyltriazothion, metiozolin, metiam, metiam zinc, pyranothion, bromothion, methifluthrin, isopropyl metolachlor, metifencarb, bensulfuron-methyl, fenoxystrobin, sulfamethoxam, oxazolidinone, metrafenone, metriam, metribuzin, metrifonate, metriphonate, thiopyrad, metsulfuron, metyltetraprole, metiam, zikwei, metrofonate, cypermethrin, milbemectin, milbemycin oxime), mancozeb, mimanan, propylamine fluoride, MIPC, mirex, MNAF, mushroom alcohol, molinate, molosultap, momfluorothrin, heptanoic acid, monisouron, monisuron, monoformamidine, monochloroacetic acid, monocrotophos, chloranil, monisouron, sulfilam, monosulfuron, monosultap, monosultap, monosultap-TCA, valquat, morpholineguanidine, maoguo, morzid, moxidectin, MPMC, MSMA, MTMC, muscalure, myclozolin, myricyl alcohol), N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluenesulfonanilide, N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluenesulfonanilide, N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluenesulphonanilide, NAA, NAAm, nabam, naphthylphosphine, dibromophosphine, naphthalene, naphthylacetamide, naphthalic anhydride, naphthylphosphine, naphthyloxyacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid, naphthylindan-1,3-dione, naphthyloxyacetic acid, naphthylpropamide, naphthylpropamide-M, naptalam, natamycin, NBPOS, neburea, neburon, nendrin, neonicotinoids, parachlorothion, niclofen, niclosamide, boscalid, nicosulfuron, nicotine, fluazifop,nikkomycin, ningnamycin, ningnanmycin, NIP, fluazifop, nipyralofen, nitenpyram, nithiazine, nitralin, nitrapyrin, pencyprocarb, herbicide, trifluralin, nitrostyrene, nitrothal-isopropyl, NNM, nobormide, nonanol, norbormide , norea, norflurazon, nornicotine, noruron, novaluron, fluazifop, NPA, nuarimol, nuranone, OCH, octachlorodipropyl ether, octhiothione, o-dichlorobenzene, furamide, omethoate, o-phenylphenol, pingcaodan, orfralure, dry dan, o-dichlorobenzene, pyrimidine sulfone, oryctalure, oxazolidinone, amoxicillin, Osthol, osthole, ostramone, ovatron, cypermethrin, oxadiazon, oxadiazon, oxadixyl, oxamyl, oxapyrazon, oxapyrazone, oxasulfuron, fluthiazolin, oxazosulfyl, oxine-copper, oxine-Cu, oxosulfuron, oxazosulfur, Oxycarboxin, oxydemeton-methyl, isothiophos, sulfone, hydroxyene adenine, oxyfluorfen, oxymatrine, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, PAC, bacillus, chlortetracycline, pallethrin, PAP, p-dichlorobenzene, p-fluron, paraquat, parathion, methyl parathion, pyraclostrobin, Paris green, PCNB, PCP, PCP-Na, p-dichlorobenzene, PDJ, chlortetracycline, pedine, pefurazoate, pelargonic acid acid), penconazole, pencycuron, pendimethalin, trichlorfon, fluazifop-butyl, flufenoxuron, pendimethalin, penoxsulam, pentachlorophenol, pentachlorophenyl laurate, pentachlorophenamide, penthiopyrad, penthiopyrad, cypermethrin, cyclopentadione, perchlordecone, fluazifop-butyl, permethrin, pethodiol, PHC, cyproconazole, ethyl cyproconazole,Sodium phenaminosulf, phenanthroline, phenethion, betaine, ethyl betaine, phenobenzuron, phenthiocarb, phenoxythiophene, fenthrin, fenazolin, fenthiophene, fenphenanthroline, phenylmercuric urea, phenylmercuric acetate, phenylmercuric chloride, phenylmercuric derivatives of catechol, phenylmercuric nitrate, phenylmercuric salicylate, phorate, phosacetim, phosalone, phosametine, phosazetim, phosazetin , tin triphosphate, chlorpyrifos, phosethyl, phosphine, methyl phosphine, glyphosate, phosmet, parachlorothion, phosphamide, phosphamidon, phosphine, glufosinate, phosphamidon, phosphorus, tin triphosphate, phoxim, methyl phoxim, tetrachlorophthalide, phthalophos, tetramethrin, picarbutrazox, picaridin, pyralid, fluazifop, picoxystrobin, pimaricin, cypermethrin, pinoxaden, powdery mildew, piperazine, piperonyl butoxide, piperonyl cycloketone cyclonene), piproctanly, piproctanly, pyrimethamine, acetaldehyde, methamidophos, pirimicarb, cypermethrin, pyrimidin, ethylpyrimidin, methylpyrimidin, pival, pivaldione, trichlorobenzene, PMA, PMP, polybutene, polycarbamate, polychlorcamphene, polyethoxyquinoline, polyoxin D, polyoxins, polyoxorim, polythiane, potassium arsenite, potassium azide, potassium cyanate, potassium ethylxanthate, potassium cyclohexane, potassium polysulfide, potassium thiocyanate, pp′-DDT, prallethrin, precocious I, precocious II, precocious III, pretilachlor, ethyl Acyridinephos, primisulfuron, probenazole, prochloraz, proclonol, cyproconazole, procymidone, prodiamine, probromophos, fluazifop, cyprofluanid, profluthrin, cyproconazole, profurite-aminium, ganpoxin, prohexadione, jasmone, cyprodinil, promethazine, promethazine, promethazine, promethazine, promurit, pronamide, pronitridine, promethazine, propamidine, propamyl, propanil, propaquizafop,Propargite, proparthrin, propazine, amine propofol, afenamide, propiconazole, propidine, propineb, isopropylamine, propoxur, propoxysulfuron, sulfamethoxazole, propoxyquin, sulfamethoxazole, methylsulfuron, sulfamethoxazole ... agro, fluopicolide, pyflubumide, pymetrozine, pyraclonil, pyraclostrobin, pyrafluprole, pyrimidine, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrapropoyne, pyrasulfuron, pyraziflumid, pyrazolate, pyrazolynate, pyrazon, pyrazophos, pyrazosulfuron, pyrazothion, pyrethrin, pyresmethrin, pyrethrin I, pyrethrum Ester II, pyrethrins, isopropyl pyrocatechol, propyl pyrocatechol, pyrimidine oxime ether, barnyard grass, chlorpyrifos, pyridaclometyl, pyridachlometyl, pyridafol, pyridalyl, pyridaphenthion, pyridaphenthione, pyridachlor, pyridaclometyl, pyrifenox, pyrifluquinazon, pyrimidine ether, pyrimétaphos, pyrimidine amine, pyrimicarbe, pyrimidine amine, pyrimidine amine, ethyl pyrimidine amine, methyl pyrimidine amine, pyrimidine amine (p yrimisulfan), pyrimitate, rodenticide, pyriofenone, pyriprole, pyripropanol, pyriproxyfen, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrazocarb, pyroquilon, pyrazocarb, pyroxsulam, pyroxyfur, qincaosuan, qingkuling, quassia, hydroxyquinoline ethyl ketone, quinalphos, methyl quinalphos, quinoline hydrazone, quinclorac,Quinconazole, quinmerac, quinofumelin, quinomethionate, chloranil, quinoxyfen, quintiofos, pentachloronitrobenzene, quintrione, quizalofop-P, cypermethrin, pyrimidine, rafoxanide, R-viniconazole, rebemide, diquat, renafunin nofluthrin), renriduron, rescalure, resmethrin, thiocyanate, dapoxetine-III, ribavirin, sulfamethoxazole, rizazole, R-metalaxyl, rodéthanil, pyrifos, rotenone, ryanodine, veratrine, benzylsulfuron, thiocyanate, copper, salicylic acid anilide, salifluofen, sanguinarine, santonin, sanzuohuangcaotong, saolana sarolaner), S-bioallethrin, octamethrin, scilla glycoside, another butyl, micotong, fluazifop, selamectin, monoformamidine, sesamex, sesamolin, sesone, sethoxydim, sevin, shuangjiaancaolin, shuangjianancaolin, S-methoprene, cypermethrin, sifumijvzhi, insect trap, flutolan, silicium, silica aerogel, silica gel, silthiofam ), silthiopham, silthiophan, silvex, simazine, silthiophane, simetryn, simetryne, cypermethrin, S-methoprene, slaked lime, SMA, S-methoprene, S-metolachlor, sodium arsenite, sodium azide, sodium chlorate, sodium cyanide, sodium fluoride, sodium fluoroacetate, sodium hexafluorosilicate, sodium cyclohexane, sodium o-phenylphenol, sodium pentachlorophenate, sodium pentachlorophenoxide, sodium polysulfide, sodium fluorosilicate, sodium tetrathiocarbonate, sodium thiocyanate, sodium o-phenylphenol, solan, thionyl thiocarbamide, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesilicate,spiropidion, spirotetramat, spiroxafil, stirofos, streptomycin, strychnine, sulphuric acid, sulfothiocarb, sulfalate, sulfentrazone, sulfolpyram, sulfothiocarb, sulfosulfuron, sulfosulfuron, sulfotep, sulfotepp, sulfoxaflor, sulfoxide, sulfoxime ether, sulfur, sulfuric acid, sulfuryl fluoride, azepine sulfonate, sulfosulfuron, sulfosulfuron, pentophenyl sulfone, mefenamic acid, tartar emetic, τ-fluvalinate, barnyardgrass, thiophene Amitraz, TBTO, TBZ, TCA, TCBA, TCMTB, TCNB, TDE, tebuconazole, tebuconazole, tebufenpyrad, tebufloquin, butylpyrimidin, fenthion, tebuthion, tecloftalam, tetrachloronitrobenzene, tecoram, tedion, flubendiamide, tefluthrin, tefuryltrione, tefurone, temefos, temephos, tibactam, TEPP, teprafenam loxydim), teproloxydim, cyclopentylthrin, terbacil, terbuthion, terbumeton, terbuthion, terbutol, terbutryn, terbutryne, terraclor, terramicin, terramycin, tetcyclacis, tetflupyrolimet, tetracycline Chlorantraniliprole, tetrachloroethane, tetrachlorvinphos, tetraconazole, tetradifon, tetradisul, tetrafluromethrin, tetramethrin, tetramine, tetranactin, tetraniliprole, sodium tetrafluoropropionate, tetrasul, thallium sulfate, thallous sulfate sulfate), methoxythiazide, θ-cypermethrin, thiabendazole, thiacloprid, thiadiazine, thiadiazole, thiamethoxam, thiameturon, thiapropionitrile, thiafluron, thiafluron, thiazone, thiazopyr, thicrofos, thiadiazole, thiamethoxam, thiadiazine, thiazopyr, thicrofos, thiamethoxam, thiadiazine, thiadiazole, thiazopyr ...Thiochlorobenzene imide, thiocyanato dinitrobenzene, thiocyclanil, thiodan, thiodicarb, thiofanocarb, thiofanox, thiofluoxime, thiohempa, thiomersal, methyl thiophos, thiophosphine, thiophanate, ethyl thiophanate, methyl thiophanate, parathion, thiosemicarbazide, thiosultap, thiotepa, thioxamyl, thiram, thiuram, thuringin, thiabendazole iabendazole), tiadinil, tiafenacil, tiaojiean, TIBA, cypermethrin, tioclorim, tioclorim, thiocyanate, tirpate, TMTD, tolclofos-methyl, tolfenamide, tolprocarb, tolpyralate, tolyfluanid, tolylfluanid, methyl methylmercuric acetate, tomarin, topr amezone), toxaphene, TPN, oxamethrin, cypermethrin, tralomethrin, tralopyril, transfluthrin, permethrin, tretamine, triacontanol, triadimefon, triadimenol, fluazifon, triallate, tri-allate, fenthion, chlorpyrifos, bensulfuron, fenthion, myclobutanil, bensulfuron-methyl, triazothion, triazothion, triazole ... Acetic acid, trichlorfon, isothiocyanate-3, trichloronat, trichloronate, trichlorotrinitrobenzene, trichlorfon, triclopyr, chlorpyrifos-butyl, tricresol, tricyclazole, tricyclohexyltin hydroxide, triridemorph, chlorpyrifos-butyl, trifenmorph, trifenofos, trifloxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, trifludimoxazin, triflumizole, triflumuron, trifluralin, triflusulfuron, trifop,trifloxystrobin, triforine, trihydroxytriazine, Mediterranean fruit fly sex attractant, trimethacarb, trimeturon, trinexapac-ethyl, triphenyltin, methoprene, tripropindan, triptolide, oxadiazine, trithialan, trichlorfon, trifloxystrobin, trunc-call, tuoyelin, tyclopyrazoflor, uniconazole, homouniconazole, thiamethoxam, uredepa, valerate, validamycin, validamycin A, valifenalate , valone, vamidothion, mycostatin, flupyrazone, vernolate, vinclozolin, vitamin D3, warfarin, nitrothion, xinjunan, xiwojunan, xiwojunzhi, XMC, xylazine, xylenol, methomyl, xymiazole, yishijing, cyanamide, zeatin, zengxiaoan, zengxiaolin, ζ-cypermethrin, zinc cyclohexane, zinc phosphide, zinc thiazole thiazole), zinc thiozole, zinc trichlorophenate, zinc trichlorophenoxide, mancozeb, zinc thiram, zolaprofos, warfarin, zoxanil, zuoanjunzhi, zuocaoan, zuojunzhi, azoles sulfamethoxazole, α-chloroethanol, α-ecdysone, α-multistriatin, α-naphthylacetic acid and β-ecdysone.

[0015] As used in this disclosure, each of the above is an active ingredient. For more information, refer to the materials listed in "Compendium of Pesticide Common Names" located at Alanwood.net and "The Pesticide Manual" in various versions (including online versions) located at bcpcdata.com.

[0016] Particularly preferred choices of active ingredients are chlorantraniliprole, chlorpyrifos, cyantraniliprole, hexaflumuron, methomyl, methoxyfenozide, noviflumuron, oxamyl, spinetoram, spinosad, sulfoxaflor and triflumuron (hereinafter "AIGA-2").

[0017] In addition, other particularly preferred choices of active ingredients are acetamiprid, acetamiprid, acetothionil, abamectin, methyl azinphos-methyl, bifenazate, bifenthrin, carbaryl, carbofuran, chlorfenapyr, chloranil, chlorfluanid, chlortetracycline, chloranil, chlorfenapyr ...

[0018] Seed treatments are used alone or in combination to address or prevent a variety of pests, diseases, nutrient deficiencies, and to promote plant growth. These seed treatments can include fungicides, insecticides, inoculants, plant growth regulators, fertilizers, and fertilizer enhancers. Currently, the following fungicides can be used with molecule F1 (disclosed below): (R)-flutriafol, (R)-hexaconazole, (S)-flutriafol, (S)-hexaconazole, 10,10'-oxybisphenoxane, 2-(thiocyanatomethylthio)benzothiazole, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, 2,4-xylenol, 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid methyl ester, 2,6-dichloro-N-((4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methyl-benzamide, 24-epicraspinol, 2-allylphenol, 2-aminobutane, 2-methoxyethylmercuric acetate, 2-methoxyethylmercuric chloride, 2-phenylphenol, 8-hydroxyquinoline , Acibenzolar-S-methyl, Adimorph, Azoxystrobin, Anbisulfate, Ammonium acetate, Ammonium carbonate, Aminoprolol, Dichlorvos, Anthracene oil, Arsenic, Azaconazole, Thiram, Azoxystrobin, Barium polysulfide, Bensulfuron, Bensulfuron-M, Methicillin, Benomyl, Dichlorvos, Bentalon, Benzathiapiprolin, Isopropylbenthiapiprolin, Benzalkonium chloride, Benzene acrylate, Isobutylbenzene acrylate, Bacillus thiocyanate, Benzoic acid, Benzoic acid, Benzotriazole, Bethoxazin, Bis(methylmercury) sulfate, Thiacandazole, Bis(trichloromethyl)sulfone, Bifenthrin, Bis(trichlorophenyl)sulfone, Bifenthrin, Bordeaux mixture, boric acid, boscalid, bromoconiazole, thiophenesulfonate, butyric acid, calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, calcium cyanamide, calcium hydroxide, calcium phosphate, captan, captan, morphine, befenti, carboxin, cyproconazole, mite-killing agent, chlorfenapyr, diamine, tetrachlorobenzoquinone, chlordecone, benzylpyridinium chloride, chlorothalonil, tetrachloroquinoxaline, ethoxyconazole, cis-propiconazole, climbazole, copper oxide (1), copper rosinate, copper bis(3-phenylsalicylate), copper II acetate, copper II carbonate, copper II chloride, copper II hydroxide, copper cyclohexaneate, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, COS-OGA, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, thiophenesulfonate , copper chloride of thiram, cyazofamid, cycloheximide, cyfluanid, cymoxanil, cyanamide, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, cyprodinil, dazomethane, DD, imidacloprid, tin decyl, dehydroacetic acid, ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate)diamine, dibromochloropropane, dichlorothiocarbamate (Dichlobentiazox), bacteriostatic, dichloronaphthoquinone, dichlorofen, benzylchlortriadol, dichlorocyanamide, dazolin, chloranil, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, ethochlor, fenpropimorph, avena cider, wild anthracene, fluazifop, sclerotium net, dimethylpyrimidine, oxadiazine, dimethomorph, dimethyl disulfide, etherbacterium, Dakli, Dakli-M, anthelmintic, anthelmintic, anthelmintic, nitrobenzene, nitrobenzene,Diphenylamine, Dipaimec, Dithiopyridinium, Disodium Octaborate Tetrahydrate, Disodium Phosphate, Fenphos, Anthraquinone, DNOC, Morpholino, Morpholino Acetate, Donin, Dimethoate, Kefansan, Enoxabol, Ipzuzu, Ethiconazole, Manthiothion, Thiazolamid, Iremo, Growth Promoting, Ethylene Diisothiocyanate Sulfide, Ethyl Allicin, Ethyl Mercury Bromide, Ethioprine, Fenazole, Fenazole, Fenremo, Fenkezuzu, Furamide, Cyclohexanil, Seed Cloth, Cyanocyanamide, Fenpicronil, Fenpixamil, Fenpropidin, Fenpofu, Amitripyrin, Potato Blight Tin, Triphenyltin Chloride, Toxin Tin, Ferrobifen, Fluazifop, Fluazifop, Fluphenazine, Flufenamide, Fluoxetine, Flutolanil, Flumorph, Fluopyram, Flupyramide , Fluopyram, Furamid, Triflubenzuron, Fluoxapyrazone, Fluoxastrobin, Fluquinconazole, Protected Silicon, Fluthiothion, Fluthiazolin, Flutolanil, Fluoxapyrazone, Forpe, Formaldehyde, Forside, Fosetyl-aluminum, Maisongning, Furalaxyl, Furalaxyl-M, Folabi, Fluconazole, Cis-fluconazole, Furfural, Seed dressing amine, Furoxamidoprop-butyl, Gliomycin, Glutaraldehyde, Fruit Green, Griseofulvin, Biguanide salt, Quinoline acrylate, Hexachlorobenzene, Hexachlorophene, Hexaconazole, Hexathione, Cycloconazole, Hydrogen peroxide, Oxymexyl, Imisali, Imidazole, Kerejing, Biguanide triacetate, Biguanide trioctane (alkylphenyl sulfonate), Kuwenjing, Ibconazole, Ifenfluconazole, Ipifenquin, Isogra Wenjing, Yiputong, Valamycin, Isobutyric acid, Aisofetamido, Isoflurane, Isopanson, Rice Blast, Pyraclostrobin, Isothiopyrad, Seed Soaking Phosphorus, Keshouxin, Lime Sulphur, Mancozeb, Mancozeb, Manderobin, Dimethomorph, Manganese Nai Pu, Metformin, Carbendazim, Chlorofluanid, Myraclostrobin, Mepnin, Mite-eliminating Multi, Mercuric Oxide, Mercurous Chloride, Metalaxyl, Metalaxyl-M, Metamex-Potassium, Metamex-Sodium, Metachlorothiazide, Metazotide, Metasyl, Furoxamide, Methyl Isothiocyanate, Methyl Arsene Sulfide, Dithiocyanomethane, Methionin, Methionin, Methionin, Methionin, Thiocyanamide, Metyltetraprole, Mucochloric Anhydride, Myclobutanil, Micline, N-(3-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2 -Methoxy-N-(tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furanyl)acetamide, sodium naipu, bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate) nickel, niclosamide, isopropyl, niremo, octhiothione, furamide, oxathiapiprolin, oxathiapiprolin, fluthiazolin, oxazolidinone, copper quinoline, oximidazole fumarate, oxycarboxin, bacillus, paraffin oil (C11-C25) (4a), paraffin oil (C11-C30) (4c), paraffin oil (C15-C30) (4b), phenpyrad, pink seat, binclone, fluopicolide, pentachlorophenol, penthiopyrad, peracetic acid, phenylmercuric acetate, phenylmercuric chloride, phenylmercuric nitrate, chlorpyrifos, tetrachlorophthalide, picabusi, picoxystrobin, powdery mildew, potassium bicarbonate, potassium iodide, potassium phosphonate, potassium thiocyanate,Azadirachtin, prochloraz, propanil, propamidine, cymoxanil, cymoxanil hydrochloride, pukeli, methyl zincnaipu, propionic acid, propoxyquin, thiocarb, prothioconazole, fluopicolide hydroxylamide, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, parafluamine, pyrazol, pyraclostrobin, pyridinyl chloride, pyraclostrobin, bifenoxan, pyrimethanil, butylpyroximate, perifenone, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyroquilone, quinofline, quinoxyfen, pentachloronitrobenzene, thiocyanate, fluopicolide, silthiocyanate, siloxane, sodium arsenite, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium tetraborate pentahydrate, ethyl methoxypiperidin, spiroxabiocin, sulfonyl fluoride, Sulfur, tebuconazole, tebuconazole, tebuconazole, kekulan, tetrachloronitrobenzene, tetrachlorvinphos, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl, thiophanate-methyl, cypermethrin, thiophanate-methyl, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, methyl toxan, toluamide, tolylfluanid, trans-propiconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, cypermethrin, imidazobactam, tributyltin oxide, salicylate, chlorpyrifos, tricyclazole, chlorpyrifos, tricyclazole, cypermethrin, trifloxystrobin, sefostriatus, sefostriatus, sefonisone, triformaldehyde, trithionazole, urea, downy mildew, vinylclothiocarb, cyanamide, zinc borate, zinc oxide, zincnaipu, ziram and zoxamide, this fungicide group is hereinafter referred to as "FGK-1.",

[0019] Another preferred group of fungicides for seed treatment with molecule F1 (disclosed below) is azoxystrobin, benomyl, benzovinflumazole, bixafen, befentil, thiophanate-methyl, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, dichlorvos, difenoconazole, ethaconazole, famoxadone, fenketo, fluopyram, flutolanil, fludioxonil, fulvestrant, indole, ipiconazole, ifenfluconazole, isoflurane, mancozeb, manganese, clofoconazole, chloranil, metalaxyl, and metalaxyl-M (metalaxyl-M), fluthiazolin, fluopyram, picoxystrobin, prochloraz, quinoxaline, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, quinoxyfen, flutolanil, thiram, tricyclazole, and trifloxystrobin, this group of fungicides is hereinafter "FGK-2".

[0020] The following two fungicide molecules are also preferably used together with molecule F1;

[0021]

[0022] as well as

[0023]

[0024] FGK-3 described in WO 2019173665 as compound number 278, and FGK-4 described in Example 2 of WO 2016187201.

[0025] The term "biological pesticide" means a microbial biological pest control agent that is usually applied in a similar manner to chemical pesticides. Typically, they are bacterial, such as Bacillus spp., Burkholderia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Saccaropolyspora spp., Wolbachie pipientis (Zap), but there are also examples of fungal control agents, including Trichoderma spp. and Ampelomyces quisqualis. A well-known example of a biological pesticide is Bacillus spp., Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera bacterial diseases. Biopesticides include products based on insect pathogenic fungi (e.g., Beauveria bassiana strains, Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus Apopka strain 97, Lecanicillium spp., and Isaria spp.), insect pathogenic nematodes (e.g., Steinernema feltiae), and insect pathogenic viruses (e.g., Cydia pomonella granulovirus (GV), nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV)). Other examples of insect pathogenic organisms include, but are not limited to, baculoviruses such as Thaumatotibia leucotreta GV, Anticarsiagemmatalis MNPV, and Helicoverpa armigera NPV; protozoa; and microsporidia. Some include plant essences, including synthetics, extracts, and unrefined oils (e.g., Chenopodium ambrosioides near ambrosioides extracts, fatty acid monoesters with glycerol or propylene glycol, neem oil). For the avoidance of doubt, biopesticides are active ingredients. For more information, see Kachhawa D, Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2007, 5, 468-473.

[0026] The term "locus" means a habitat, breeding ground, plant, seed, soil, material, or environment where a pest is growing, may grow, or may pass through. For example, a locus can be where crops, trees, fruits, cereals, forage species, vines, turf, and / or ornamental plants are growing; where livestock live; interior or exterior surfaces of buildings (such as where grain is stored); building materials used in buildings (such as impregnated wood); and soil surrounding buildings.

[0027] The phrase "MoA material" means an active ingredient having a mode of action ("MoA") as indicated in the IRAC MoA classification v.9.3 (located at irac-online.org.), in which the following groups are described.

[0028] (1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, including the following active ingredients: aldicarb, benthiocarb, benfuracarb, butanone carb, butanone sulfacarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, butanone carb, ethiofencarb, fenbutacarb, fenthiocarb, fenthiocarb, furamicarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metoclopramide, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, long-acting carb, triazolam, cypermethrin, XMC, chlorfenapyr, acephate, methyl pyrifos, ethyl azinphos-methyl, methyl azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chloroxyfos, chlorfenapyr, chlormethionate, chlorpyrifos, methyl chlorpyrifos, chlorfenapyr, methyl demeton-S, diazinon, dichlorvos / DDVP, dimethoate, dimethoate, methyl tolufosinate Dichlorvos, ethophos, EPN, ethion, ethiophos, famphos, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, thiamethoxam, heptylphos, isopropylphos, isoxazophos, malathion, chlorpyrifos, methamidophos, methidathion, mefenphos, monocrotophos, dibromophos, omethoate, sulfone, parathion, methyl parathion, fenthion, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, profenofos, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, pyraclofos, pyridazinphos, quinalphos, butylpirimiphos, dimethoate, terbufos, stirophos, methyl ethophos, triazophos, trichlorfon, aphidron, methylpirimiphos, nephos, and isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylate.

[0029] (2) GABA-gated chloride channel blockers, including the following active ingredients: chlordane, endosulfan, ethiprole and fipronil.

[0030] (3) Sodium channel modulators, including the following active ingredients: acralthrin, allethrin, d-allethrin, d-trans-allethrin, bifenthrin, bio-allethrin, bio-allethrin S-cyclopentenyl, bio-resmethrin, acetothrin, cypermethrin, β-cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, λ-cyfluthrin, γ-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, α-cypermethrin, β-cypermethrin, θ-cypermethrin, ζ-cypermethrin, cypermethrin [(1R)-trans isomer ], deltamethrin, ethynethrin [(EZ)-(1R)-isomer], esfenvalerate, ethomethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, flucythrin, flucythrin, tau-fluvalinate, thiamethoxam, pyrethrin (pyrethrin), benzylthrin, phenothrin [(1R)-trans isomer], pralothrin, resmethrin, silafluthrin, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tetramethrin [(1R)-isomer], tralomethrin, transfluthrin, permethrin, DDT, and methoxychlor.

[0031] (4) Competitive modulators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), including the following active ingredients

[0032] (4A) Acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam,

[0033] (4B) Nicotine,

[0034] (4C) sulfoxaflor,

[0035] (4D) fluoropyrafuranone, and

[0036] (4E) Trifluridine.

[0037] (5) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulator - site I, comprising the following active ingredients: ethyl spinetoram and spinosad.

[0038] (6) Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GLUCL) allosteric modulators, including the following active ingredients: avermectin, avermectin benzoate, lepidomectin, and mitramectin.

[0039] (7) Juvenile hormone mimetics, including the following active ingredients: methoprene, methoprene, methoprene, fenoxycarb, and pyriproxyfen.

[0040] (8) Other nonspecific (multi-site) inhibitors, including the following active ingredients: methyl bromide, chloropicrin, cryolite, sulfuryl fluoride, borax, boric acid, disodium octaborate, sodium borate, sodium metaborate, tartar emetic, Diazomet, and Metamex.

[0041] (9) A sound-responsive organ TRPV channel modulator comprising the following active ingredients: diprofenopipron, pymetrozine and flubendiamide.

[0042] (10) A mite growth inhibitor comprising the following active ingredients: clofentezine, hexythiazox, fluazifop, and etoxazole.

[0043] (11) A microbial disruptor of insect midgut membranes, comprising the following active ingredients: Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionenis, and Bacillus sphaericus.

[0044] (12) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, including the following active ingredients: tetrachlorvinphos, propargite, triazotin, tricyclazone, fenbutatin, and diafenthiuron.

[0045] (13) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation by disrupting the proton gradient, including the following active ingredients: chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfluramid.

[0046] (14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers comprising the following active ingredients: thiocarb, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, and dimehypo.

[0047] (15) Type 0 chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, comprising the following active ingredients: bistrifluanuron, chloranil, diflubenzuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, flubendiamide, nobifluanuron, flubendiamide, and fluazifop-urea.

[0048] (16) A type 1 chitin biosynthesis inhibitor comprising the following active ingredient: buprofezin.

[0049] (17) A dipteran insect molting disruptor comprising the following active ingredient: cyromazine.

[0050] (18) An ecdysone receptor agonist comprising the following active ingredients: chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr, methoxyfenapyr, and tebufenozide.

[0051] (19) Octaamine receptor agonists comprising the following active ingredient: amitraz.

[0052] (20) Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors, comprising the following active ingredients: hydrazone, acequinoxaline, bifenazate and cypermethrin.

[0053] (21) Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors, including the following active ingredients: fenazaquin, cypermethrin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, tebufenamide, tolfenpyrad, and rotenone.

[0054] (22) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers comprising the following active ingredients: indoxacarb and metaflumizone.

[0055] (23) Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, including the following active ingredients: spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, methoxyfenethyl and spirotetramat.

[0056] (24) A mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitor comprising the following active ingredients: aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine, zinc phosphide, calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide.

[0057] (25) A mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitor comprising the following active ingredients: cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, and fluazifop-butyl.

[0058] (28) A ryanodine receptor modulator comprising the following active ingredients: chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclobenzapride, flubendiamide, and flucyantraniliprole.

[0059] (29) Sound-responsive organ modulators – undefined target sites, including the following active ingredient: flonicamid.

[0060] (30) GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulators, comprising the following active ingredients: broflanilide and fluxametamide.

[0061] (31) A baculovirus comprising the following active ingredients: Cydia pomonella GV, Thaumatotibia leucotreta GV, Anticarsia gemmatalis MNPV, and Helicoverpa armigera NPV.

[0062] (32) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulator - site II, comprising the following active ingredients: GS-ω / κHXTX-Hv1a peptide.

[0063] Groups 26 and 27 are not assigned in this version of the classification scheme. In addition, there is a group UN containing active ingredients with unknown or uncertain modes of action. This group includes the following active ingredients: azadirachtin, benzyl methide, bromocriptine, cypermethrin, dicofol, lime sulfur, pyridamole, and sulfur. There is a group UNB containing bacterial agents (non-Bt) with unknown or uncertain modes of action. This group includes the following active ingredients: Burkholderia species, Wolbachia. There is a group UNE, which contains plant essences (unknown or uncertain modes of action) including synthetics, extracts, and unrefined oils. This group includes the following active ingredients: extracts of stinking apricots from the species of neem oil, fatty acid monoesters with glycerol or propylene glycol neem oil. There is a group UNF containing fungal agents with unknown or uncertain modes of action. This group includes the following active ingredients: Beauveria bassiana strains, Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52, and Penicillium fumosorum apopka strain 97. There is a group UNM containing nonspecific mechanical interference agents. This group includes the following active ingredients: Diatomaceous earth.

[0064] The term "pest" means an organism that is harmful to humans or to an object of human concern, such as crops, food, livestock, etc., wherein the organism is from the phylum Arthropoda, Mollusca, or Nematoda. Particular examples are ants, aphids, bed bugs, beetles, borers, caterpillars, cockroaches, crickets, earwigs, fleas, flies, grasshoppers, maggots, bumblebees, jassids, leafhoppers, lice, locusts, maggots, mealybugs, mites, mosquitoes, moths, nematodes, plantbugs, planthoppers, psyllids, sawflies, scale insects, sea lice, silverfish, slugs, snails, spiders, springtails, stink bugs, syngenes, termites, thrips, ticks, wasps, whiteflies, and wireworms.

[0065] Other examples are pests such as

[0066] (1) There are the subphyla Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Hexapoda, and Crustacea.

[0067] (2) Arachnida, Symphyla, and Insecta.

[0068] (3) Order Anoplura. A non-exhaustive list of specific genera includes, but is not limited to, Haematopinus spp., Hoplopleura spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Polyplax spp., Solenopotes spp., and Neohaematopinis spp. A non-exhaustive list of specific species includes, but is not limited to, Haematopinus asini, Haematopinus suis, Linognathus setosus, Linognathus ovillus, Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus humanus, and Pthirus pubis.

[0069] (4) Order Coleoptera. A non-exhaustive list of specific genera includes, but is not limited to, Acanthoscelides spp., Agriotes spp., Anthonomus spp., Apion spp., Apogonia spp., Araecerus spp., Aulacophora spp., Bruchus spp., Cerosterna spp., Cerotoma spp., Ceutorhynchus spp., Chaetocnema spp., Colaspis spp., Ctenicera spp., Curculio spp.), Cyclocephala spp., Diabrotica spp., Dinoderus spp., Gnathocerus spp., Hemicoelus spp., Heterobostruchus spp., Hypera spp., Ips spp., Lyctus spp., Megascelis spp., Meligethes spp., Mezium spp., Niptus spp., Otiorhynchus spp., Pantomorus spp.), Phyllophaga spp., Phyllotreta spp., Ptinus spp., Rhizotrogus spp., Rhynchites spp., Rhynchophorus spp., Scolytus spp., Sphenophorus spp., Sitophilus spp., Tenebrio spp., and Triboliumspp.). A non-exhaustive list of specific species includes, but is not limited to: Acanthoscelidesobtectus, Agrilus planipennis, Ahasverus advena, Alphitobius diaperinus, Anoplophora glabripennis, Anthonomus grandis, Anthrenus verbasci, Anthrenus falvipes, Ataenius spretulus, Atomaria linearis, Attagenus unicolor, Bothynoderes punctiventris, Bruchus pisorum, Callosobruchus maculatus, Carpophilus hemipterus, Cassida vittata), Cathartus quadricollis, Cerotoma trifurcata, Ceutorhynchus assimilis, Ceutorhynchus napi, Conoderus scalaris, Conoderus stigmosus, Conotrachelus nenuphar, Cotinisnitida, Crioceris asparagi, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptolestes pusillus, Cryptolestes turcicus, Cylindrocopturus adspersus, Deporaus marginatus, Dermestes lardarius), white-bellied bark beetle (Dermestes maculatus), corn rootworm (Diabroticavirgifera virgifera), Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis), peta beetle (Euvrillettapeltata), stem borer (Faustinuscubae), pale bark weevil (Hylobius pales), North American house beetle (Hylotrupes bajulus), clover weevil (Hypera postica), coffee berry borer (Hypothenemushampei), tobacco beetle (Lasioderma serricorne), potato beetle (Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata), gray-headed beetle (Limonius canus), Focke's beetle (Liogenys fuscus), Sutu beetle (Liogenys suturalis), rice weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus), Siamese flour beetle (Lophocateres pusillus), southern flour beetle (Lyctus planicollis), macaque picolit (Maecolaspis joliveti), corn beetle (Melanotus communis), rapeseed beetle (Meligethes aeneus), western may beetle (Melolonthamelolontha), redfoot gugong beetle (Necrobia rufipes), Oberea brevis, Oberea linearis, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilus mercator, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Oulema melanopus, Oulema oryzae, Phyllophaga cuyabana, Polycaon stoutti, Popillia japonica, Prostephanus truncatus, Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitona lineatus, Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Stegobium paniceum), Tenebroides mauritanicus, Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum, Trogoderma magranarium, Trogodermavariabile), red-haired thief beetle (Xestobium rufovillosum) and corn spur beetle (Zabrus tenebrioides).

[0070] (5) Order Dermaptera. A non-exhaustive list of specific species includes, but is not limited to, Forficula auricularia.

[0071] (6) Order Blattaria. A non-exhaustive list of specific species includes, but is not limited to, Blattella germanica, Blattella asahinai, Blatta orientalis, Blatta lateralis, Parcoblatta pennsylvanica, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta australasianasiae, Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta fuliginosa, Pycnoscelus surinamensis, and Supella longipalpa.

[0072] (7) Order Diptera. A non-exhaustive list of specific genera includes, but is not limited to: Aedes spp., Agromyza spp., Anastrepha spp., Anopheles spp., Bactrocera spp., Ceratitis spp., Chrysops spp., Cochliomyia spp., Contarinia spp., Culex spp., Culicoides spp., Dasineura spp., Delia spp., Drosophila spp., Fannia spp., Hylemya spp. spp.), Liriomyza spp., Musca spp., Phorbia spp., Pollenia spp., Psychoda spp., Simulium spp., Tabanus spp., and Tipula spp.A non-exhaustive list of specific species includes, but is not limited to: Agromyza frontella, Anastrepha suspensa, Anastrepha ludens, Anastrepha obliqua, Bactrocera cucurbitae, Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera invadens, Bactrocerazonata, Ceratitis capitata, Dasineura brassicae, Delia platura, Fannia canicularis, Fannia scalaris, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Gracillia perseae, Haematobiairritans, Hypoderma lineatum, Liriomyza brassicae, Liriomyza sativa, Melophagus ovinus, Musca autumnalis, Musca domestica, Oestrus ovis, Oscinella frit, Pegomya betae, Piophila casei, Psila rosae, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhagoletis pomonella, Rhagoletis mendaxia, Sitodiplosis mosellana, and Stomoxys calcitrans.

[0073] (8) Order Hemiptera. A non-exhaustive list of specific genera includes, but is not limited to, Adelges spp., Aulacaspis spp., Aphrophora spp., Aphis spp., Bemisia spp., Ceroplastes spp., Chionaspis spp., Chrysomphalus spp., Coccus spp., Empoasca spp., Euschistus spp., Lepidosaphes spp., Lagynotomus spp., Lygus spp., Macrosiphum spp.), Nephotettix spp., Nezara spp., Nilaparvata spp., Philaenus spp., Phytocoris spp., Piezodorus spp., Planococcus spp., Pseudococcus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Therioaphis spp., Toumeyella spp., Toxoptera spp., Trialeurodes spp., Triatoma spp., and Unaspis spp. A non-exhaustive list of specific species includes, but is not limited to, Acrosternum hilare, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aleyrodes proletella, Aleurodicus dispersus, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Amrasca biguttula biguttula, Aonidiella aurantii, Aphis fabae, Aphis spp.gossypii), soybean aphid (Aphis glycines), apple aphid (Aphis pomi), eggplant aphid (Aulacorthum solani), potato sharp-winged psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli), yellow star cabbage bug (Bagrada hilaris), silver leaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii), tobacco whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), wheat stink bug (Blissus leucopterus), maple margin stink bug (Boisea trivittata), asparagus aphid (Brachycorynella asparagi), rice pink mealybug (Brevennia rehi), cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae), pear psyllid (Cacopsylla pyri), pear psyllid (Cacopsylla pyricola), potato blind bug (Calocoris norvegicus), red wax scale (Ceroplastes rubens), tropical stink bug (Cimex hemipterus), Cimex lectularius, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum, Dagbertus fasciatus, Dichelops furcatus, Diuraphis noxia, Diaphorina citri, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysdercus suturellus, Edessameditabunda, Empoasca vitis, Eriosoma lanigerum, Erythroneura elegantula, Eurygaster maura, Euschistus conspersus, Euschistus sutchuenensis heros), Euschistus servus, Halyomorpha halys, Helopeltis antonii, Hyalopterus pruni, Helopeltis antonii, Helopeltis theivora, Icerya purchasi, Idioscopus spp.nitidulus), Jacobiasca formosana, Laodelphax striatellus, Lecanium corni, Leptocorisa oratorius, Leptocorisa varicornis, Lygus hesperus, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Macrosiphum granarium, Macrosiphum rosae, Macrosteles quadrilineatus, Mahanarva fimbriolata, Megacopta cribraria, Metopolophium dirhodum, Mictislongicornis, Myzus persicae, persicae), Nasonovia ribisnigri, Nephotettix cincticeps, Neurocolpus longirostris, Nezaraviridula, Nilaparvata lugens, Paracoccus marginatus, Paratrioza cockerelli, Parlatoria pergandii, Parlatoriaziziphi, Peregrinus maidis, Phylloxera vitifoliae, Physokermes piceae, Phytocoris californicus, Phytocoris relativus, Piezodorus guildinii), Planococcus citri, Planococcus ficus, Poecilocapsuslineatus, Psallus vaccinicola, Pseudacysta perseae, Pineapple mealybug (Pseudococcusbrevipes), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum padi, Saissetiaoleae, Scaptocoris castanea, Schizaphis graminum, Sitobion avenae, Sogatella furcifera, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trialeurodes abutiloneus, Unaspisyanonensis and Zulia entrerriana.

[0074] (9) Order Hymenoptera. A non-exhaustive list of specific genera includes, but is not limited to: Acromyrmex spp., Atta spp., Camponotus spp., Diprion spp., Dolichovespula spp., Formica spp., Monomorium spp., Neodiprion spp., Paratrechina spp., Pheidole spp., Pogonomyrmex spp., Polistes spp., Solenopsis spp., Technomyrmex spp., Tetramorium spp., Vespula spp. spp.), Vespa spp., and Xylocopa spp. A non-exhaustive list of specific species includes, but is not limited to: Athalia rosae, Atta texana, Caliroa cerasi, Cimbex americana, Iridomyrmexhumilis, Linepithema humile, Mellifera Scutellata, Monomorium minimum, Monomorium pharaonis, Neodiprionsertifer, Solenopsis invicta, Solenopsis geminata, Solenopsis molesta, Solenopsis richtery, Solenopsis xyloni, Tapinoma sessile, and Wasmannia auropunctata.

[0075] (10) Order Isoptera. A non-exhaustive list of specific genera includes, but is not limited to, Coptotermes spp., Cornitermes spp., Cryptotermes spp., Heterotermes spp., Kalotermes spp., Incisitermes spp., Macrotermes spp., Marginitermes spp., Microcerotermes spp., Procornitermes spp., Reticulitermes spp., Schedorhinotermes spp., and Zootermopsis spp.A non-exhaustive list of specific species includes, but is not limited to: Coptotermes acinaciformis, Coptotermes curvignathus, Coptotermes frenchi, Coptotermes formosanus, Coptotermes gestroi, Cryptotermes brevis, Heterotermes aureus, Heterotermes tenuis, Incisitermes minor, Incisitermes snyderi, Microtermes obesi, Nasutitermes corniger, Odontotermes formosanus, Odontotermes gestroi, Cryptotermes brevis, Heterotermes aureus, Heterotermes tenuis, Incisitermes minor, Incisitermes snyderi, Microtermes obesi, Nasutitermes corniger, Odontotermes formosanus, Odontotermes brevis, obesus, Reticulitermes banyulensis, Reticulitermes grassei, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes hageni, Reticulitermes hesperus, Reticulitermes santonensis, Reticulitermes speratus, Reticulitermes tibialis, and Reticulitermes virginicus.

[0076] (11)Lepidoptera (Order Lepidoptera). A non-exhaustive list of specific genera includes, but is not limited to: Adoxophyes spp., Agrotis spp., Argyrotaenia spp., Cacoecia spp., Caloptilia spp., Chilo spp., Chrysodeixis spp., Colias spp., Crambus spp., Diaphania spp., Diatraea spp., Earias spp., Ephestia spp., Epimecis spp., Feltia spp. spp.), Gortyna spp., Helicoverpa spp., Heliothis spp., Indarbelas spp., Lithocolletis spp., Loxagrotis spp., Malacosoma spp., Nemapogon spp., Peridromas spp., Phyllonorycter spp., Pseudaletia spp., Plutella spp., Sesamia spp., Spodoptera spp., Synanthedon spp.) and Yponomeuta species (Yponomeuta spp.). A non-exhaustive list of specific species includes, but is not limited to: Achaea janata, Adoxophyes orana, Agrotis ipsilon, Alabamaargillacea, Amorbia cuneana, Amyelois transitella, Anacamptodes defectaria, Anarsialineatella), Anomissa bulifera, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Archips argyrospila, Archips rosana, Argyrotaenia citrana, Autographagamma, Bonagota cranaodes, Borbo cinnara, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Capua reticulana, Carposinaniponensis, Chlumetia transversa, Choristoneurarosaceana, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Conopomorphacramerella, Corcyra cephalonica, Cossus cossus), Cydia caryana, Cydia funebrana, Cydia molesta, Cydia nigricana, Cydia pomonella, Darna diducta, Diaphania nitidalis, Diatraea saccharalis, Diatraea grandiosella, Earias insulana, Earias vittella, Ecdytolopha aurantianum, Elasmopalpuslignosellus, Ephestia cautella, Ephestia elutella, Ephestia saccharalis ... kuehniella), Epinotia aporema, Epiphyas postvittana, Erionota thrax, Estigmene acrea, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euxoaauxiliaris), Galleriamellonella, Grapholita molesta, Hedylepta indicata, Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa zea, Heliothis virescens, Hellula undalis, Keiferia lycopersicella, Leucinodes orbonalis, Leucoptera coffeella, Leucoptera malifoliella, Lobesia botrana, Loxagrotis albicosta, Lymantria dispar, Lyonetia clerkella, Mahasena corbetti, Mamestra brassicae), Manducasexta, Maruca testulalis, Metisa plana, Mythimnaunipuncta, Neoleucinodes elegantalis, Nymphuladepunctalis, Operophtera brumata, Ostrinia nubilalis, Oxydia vesulia, Pandemis cerasana, Pandemisheparana, Papilio demodocus, Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma saucia, Perileucoptera coffeella, Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella), Phyllonorycter blancardella, Pieris rapae, Plathypenascabra, Platynotaidaeusalis), Indian grain borer (Plodia interpunctella), diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), berry moth (Polychrosis viteana), citrus moth (Praysendocarpa), olive moth (Prays oleae), one-star armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta), soybean armyworm (Pseudoplusia includens), mint armyworm (Rachiplusia nu), yellow stem borer (Scirpophagaincertulas), large stem borer (Sesamia inferens), pink stem borer (Sesamia nonagrioides), copper-spotted brown moth (Setora nitens), wheat moth (Sitotroga cerealella), grape leaf roller (Sparganothispilleriana), beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), southern gray armyworm (Spodoptera eridania), pineapple line butterfly (Thecla basilides), bagworm (Tineapellionella), curtainworm (Tineola bisselliella), cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni), tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta), coffee borer (Zeuzera coffeae) and pear borer (Zeuzea pyrina).

[0077] (12) Order Mallophaga. A non-exhaustive list of specific genera includes, but is not limited to, Anaticola spp., Bovicola spp., Chelopistes spp., Goniodes spp., Menacanthus spp., and Trichodectes spp. A non-exhaustive list of specific species includes, but is not limited to, Bovicola bovis, Bovicola caprae, Bovicola ovis, Chelopistes meleagridis, Goniodes dissimilis, Goniodes gigas, Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinea, and Trichodectes canis.

[0078] (13) Order Orthoptera. A non-exhaustive list of specific genera includes, but is not limited to, Melanoplus spp. and Pterophylla spp. A non-exhaustive list of specific species includes, but is not limited to, Acheta domesticus, Anabrus simplex, Gryllotalpa africana, Gryllotalpa australis, Gryllotalpa brachyptera, Gryllotalpa hexadactyla, Locusta migratoria, Microcentrum retinerve, Schistocerca gregaria, and Scudderia furcata.

[0079] (14) Order Psocoptera. A non-exhaustive list of specific species includes, but is not limited to, Liposcelis decolor, Liposcelis entomophila, Lachesillaquercus, and Trogium pulsatorium.

[0080] (15) Order Siphonaptera. A non-exhaustive list of specific species includes, but is not limited to, Ceratophyllus gallinae, Ceratophyllus niger, Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, and Pulexirritans.

[0081] (16) Order Thysanoptera. A non-exhaustive list of specific genera includes, but is not limited to, Caliothrips spp., Frankliniella spp., Scirtothrips spp., and Thrips spp. A non-exhaustive list of specific species includes, but is not limited to, Caliothrips phaseoli, Frankliniella bispinosa, Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella schultzei, Frankliniella tritici, Frankliniella williamsi, Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis, Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips citri, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Taeniothrips rhopalantennalis, Thrips hawaiiensis, Thrips truncatula, nigropilosus), Thripsorientalis, Thrips palmi and Thrips tabaci.

[0082] (17) Order Thysanura. A non-exhaustive list of specific genera includes, but is not limited to, Lepisma spp. and Thermobia spp.

[0083] (18) Order Acarina. A non-exhaustive list of specific genera includes, but is not limited to, Acarus spp., Aculops spp., Argus spp., Boophilus spp., Demodex spp., Dermacentor spp., Epitrimerus spp., Eriophyes spp., Ixodes spp., Oligonychus spp., Panonychus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., and Tetranychus spp.A non-exhaustive list of specific species includes, but is not limited to, Acarapis woodi, Acarus siro, Aceria mangiferae, Aculops lycopersici, Aculus pelekassi, Aculus schlechtendali, Amblyomma americanum, Brevipalpus obovatus, Brevipalpus phoenicis, Dermacentor variabilis, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Eotetranychus carpini, Liponyssoides sanguineus, Notoedrescati, Oligonychus coffeae, Oligonychus hollyhockii, ilicis, Ornithonyssus bacoti, Panonychus citri, Panonychus ulmi, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Polyphagotarsonemuslatus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Sarcoptes scabiei, Tegolophus perseaflorae, Tetranychus urticae, Tyrophagus longior, and Varroa destructor.

[0084] (19) Order Araneae. A non-exhaustive list of specific genera includes, but is not limited to, Loxosceles spp., Latrodectus spp., and Atrax spp. A non-exhaustive list of specific species includes, but is not limited to, Loxosceles reclusa, Latrodectus mactans, and Atrax robustus.

[0085] (20) Class Symphyla. A non-exhaustive list of specific species includes, but is not limited to, white pine borer (Scutigerella immaculata).

[0086] (21) Subclass Collembola. A non-exhaustive list of specific species includes, but is not limited to, Bourletiella hortensis, Onychiurus armatus, Onychiurus fimetarius, and Sminthurus viridis.

[0087] (22) Phylum Nematoda. A non-exhaustive list of specific genera includes, but is not limited to, Aphelenchoides spp., Belonolaimus spp., Criconemella spp., Ditylenchus spp., Globoderas spp., Heterodera spp., Hirschmanniella spp., Hoplolaimus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp., and Radopholus spp. A non-exhaustive list of specific species includes, but is not limited to, Dirofilaria immitis, Globodera pallida, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera zeae, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, Onchocerca volvulus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Radopholus similis, and Rotylenchulus reniformis.

[0088] (23) Phylum Mollusca. A non-exhaustive list of specific species includes, but is not limited to, Cornu aspersum, Deroceras reticulatum, Limaxflavus, Milax gagates, and Pomacea canaliculata.

[0089] Particularly preferred pest groups to be prevented and treated are pests that feed on juice. Pests that feed on juice usually have piercing and / or sucking mouthparts and may feed on the juice and internal plant tissues of the plant or the blood of the host. Examples of pests that feed on juice that are of particular concern in agriculture include, but are not limited to, aphids, leaf springtails, lice, scale insects, thrips, psyllids, planthoppers, mealybugs, mosquitoes, stink bugs, and whiteflies. Specific examples of purposes of pests that feed on juice that are of concern in agriculture include, but are not limited to, Diptera, Hemiptera, Pediculus, and Thysanoptera. Specific examples of Hemiptera of agricultural interest include, but are not limited to, Scirpus spp., Cicadae spp., Aphis spp., Aleurotus spp., Ceroplastes spp., Lygus spp., Aphis spp., Vibrio spp., Aphis spp., Sogatella spp., Nilaparvata spp., and Cicadae spp.

[0090] Another particularly preferred pest group to be prevented and treated is chewing pests. Chewing pests usually have mouthparts that allow them to chew plant tissues including roots, stems, leaves, buds, and reproductive tissues (including but not limited to flowers, fruits, and seeds). The examples of chewing pests of special concern in agriculture include but are not limited to caterpillars, beetles, grasshoppers, and locusts. The specific examples of the purpose of chewing pests of concern in agriculture include but are not limited to: Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Orthoptera. The specific examples of Coleoptera of concern in agriculture include but are not limited to flower beetle species, bean beetle species, concave shank flea beetle species, chrysopidae species, square head beetle species, root beetle species, leaf beetle species, branchial horn beetle species, striped flea beetle species, sharp cryptobeak beetle species, rice beetle species.

[0091] The phrase "killing pests effective dose" means the amount of the pesticide required for the observable effect of harmful organisms, which is necrosis, death, retardation, prevention, elimination, destruction, or otherwise reduces the appearance and / or active effect of harmful organisms in the place. When the harmful organism colony is expelled from the place, the harmful organism loses ability in the place or around, and / or the harmful organism is eradicated in the place or around, this effect can occur. Of course, the combination of these effects can occur. Usually, the harmful organism colony, activity, or both are desirable to reduce more than 50 percent, preferably more than 90 percent and most preferably more than 99 percent. Usually, the killing pest effective dose for agricultural purposes is from about 0.0001 gram / hectare to about 5000 grams / hectare, preferably from about 0.0001 gram / hectare to about 500 grams / hectare and it is even more preferably from about 0.0001 gram / hectare to about 50 grams / hectare. Alternatively, about 150 grams / hectare to about 250 grams / hectare can be used for harmful organisms. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0092] This document discloses the molecule N-(4-chloro-2-(pyridin-3-yl)thiazol-5-yl)-N-ethyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)propionamide:

[0093]

[0094] Formula 1 can exist in different tautomeric forms. The present disclosure encompasses all such tautomers.

[0095] For clarity, structures disclosed in this disclosure may be drawn in only one geometric form, but are intended to represent all geometric forms of the molecule.

[0096] Synthesis of Formula 1 (F1)

[0097] Starting materials, reagents, and solvents were obtained from commercial sources and used without further purification. Anhydrous solvents were used as Sure / Seal TM Purchased from Aldrich and used as received. Melting points were obtained on a Thomas Hoover Unimelt capillary melting point apparatus or an OptiMelt automatic melting point system from Stanford Research Systems, and were uncorrected. The example using "room temperature" was carried out in a climate-controlled laboratory, with a temperature range of from about 20°C to about 24°C. Molecules are given their known names, named according to the naming program in SymyxDraw, ChemDraw, or ACD Name Pro. If such a program cannot name a molecule, such a molecule is named using conventional naming conventions. 1H NMR spectral data were in ppm (δ) and recorded at 300, 400, 500, or 600 MHz; 13 C NMR spectral data are in ppm (δ) and recorded at 75, 100, or 150 MHz; and 19 F NMR spectral data are reported in ppm (δ) and were recorded at 376 MHz unless otherwise stated.

[0098] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the synthesis of the desired molecule can be achieved by performing some steps of the synthetic route in an order different from the described order. Those skilled in the art will also recognize that standard functional group interchange or substitution reactions can be performed on the desired molecule to introduce or modify substituents.

[0099] Synthesis of Formula 1 (F1)

[0100] Formula 1 (F1) can be synthesized by the method disclosed in WO 2010 / 129497 A1 or by the route described below.

[0101]

[0102] Example 1: Preparation of N-(4-chloro-2-(pyridin-3-yl)thiazol-5-yl)-N-ethyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)propionamide (Formula 1)

[0103] Step 1 - Preparation of tert-butyl (2-bromothiazol-5-yl)(ethyl)carbamate (C1): To a 0°C solution of commercially available tert-butyl (2-bromothiazol-5-yl)carbamate (2 grams (g), 7.16 millimoles (mmol)) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF; 14.3 milliliters (mL)) was added sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil; 0.43 g, 10.8 mmol) in portions and the suspension was stirred for 1 hour (h). Ethyl iodide (0.63 mL, 7.88 mmol) was added in one portion. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight as it gradually warmed to ambient temperature. Water and ethyl acetate were added and the resulting two-phase mixture was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted once with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed twice with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. Purification by silica gel chromatography (0% - 100% ethyl acetate - hexanes) provided the title compound as a clear oil (2.0 g, 91%): 1 H NMR (500MHz, CDCl3) δ□7.08 (s, 1H), 3.78 (d, J = 7.1Hz, 2H), 1.54 (s, 10H), 1.26 (t, J = 7.1Hz, 3H); 13C NMR(126MHz, CDCl3)δ130.36,83.17,28.20,12.49; ESIMS m / z309([M+2] + ).

[0104] Step Preparation of tert-butyl 2-ethyl (2- (pyridin-3-yl) thiazol-5-yl) carbamate (C2): To a solution of tert-butyl 2-bromothiazol-5-yl (ethyl) carbamate (C1; 7.0 g, 22.8 mmol) in toluene (88 mL) were added pyridin-3-yl boronic acid (3.36 g, 27.3 mmol), ethanol (44 mL) and 2.0 molar (M) potassium carbonate solution (22.8 mL, 45.6 mmol) in sequence. Tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (1.32 g, 1.14 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was heated to 110 ° C and stirred for 16 h. The mixture was cooled and diluted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification by silica gel chromatography (0%-100% ethyl acetate-hexane) gave the title compound (6.96 g, 80%) as an orange solid: 1 H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3) δ9.12(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),8.60(dd,J=4.8,1.6Hz,1H),8.17(dt,J=7.9,1.9Hz,1H) ,7.44(s,1H),7.35(dd,J=8.0,4.8Hz,1H),3.87(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.57(s,9H),1.32(t,J=7.1Hz,3H); 13 C NMR (126MHz, CDCl3) δ152.48,150.01,147.02,140.87,132.69,130.11,123.63,82.85,44.18,28.22,12.71; ESIMS m / z306([M+1] + ).

[0105] Step 3 - Preparation of tert-butyl (4-chloro-2-(pyridin-3-yl)thiazol-5-yl)(ethyl)carbamate (C3): To a solution of tert-butyl ethyl (2-(pyridin-3-yl)thiazol-5-yl)carbamate (C2; 3.0 g, 9.8 mmol) in acetonitrile (58 mL) was added N-chlorosuccinimide (2.62 g, 19.6 mmol) in one portion and the reaction mixture was stirred at 45 °C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (0% - 100% ethyl acetate - hexanes) to give the title compound as a red oil (2.24 g, 67%): 1H NMR (300MHz, CDCl3) δ9.09 (d, J=1.9Hz, 1H), 8.68 (dd, J=4.8, 1.6Hz, 1H), 8.19 (dd, J=5.9, 4.2H z,1H),7.39(dd,J=7.6,5.2Hz,1H),3.68(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.45(s,9H),1.22(t,J=7.0Hz,3H); 13 CNMR(126MHz, CDCl3)δ160.30,153.30,152.08,146.51,136.29,134.06,133.09,129.59,123.77,82.34,45.26,28.13,13.33; ESIMS m / z 340([M+1] + ).

[0106] Step 4 - Preparation of 4-chloro-N-ethyl-2-(pyridin-3-yl)thiazol-5-amine hydrochloride (C4): To a solution of tert-butyl (4-chloro-2-(pyridin-3-yl)thiazol-5-yl)(ethyl)carbamate (C3; 2.03 g, 5.97 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) was added hydrogen chloride (4 M solution in dioxane; 7.47 mL, 29.9 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 24 h. Diethyl ether (approximately 15 mL) was added to a vial; the mixture was stirred for 1 minute; and the clear solution was removed with a pipette. This sequence was repeated three times. The slurry was filtered, and the red solid was washed three times with diethyl ether. The resulting solid was dried under high vacuum. The title compound (1.33 g, 4.82 mmol) was isolated as a brown solid: 1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.10(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),8.74(dd,J=5.5,1.1Hz,1H),8.67–8.59(m,1H) ,7.95(dd,J=8.2,5.5Hz,1H),6.54(s,5H),3.20(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.24(t,J=7.1Hz,3H); ESIMS m / z 241([M+2] + ).

[0107] Step 4 - Preparation of N-(4-chloro-2-(pyridin-3-yl)thiazol-5-yl)-N-ethyl-3-(methylthio)propionamide (C5): N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (2.42 g, 19.8 mmol) and 3-(methylthio)propionyl chloride (2.99 g, 21.6 mmol) were added sequentially to a solution of 4-chloro-N-ethyl-2-(pyridin-3-yl)thiazol-5-amine hydrochloride (C4; 4.97 g, 18 mmol) in dichloroethane (2 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 4 h. To this mixture was added N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (2.42, 19.8 mmol) and a white precipitate was formed immediately. The reaction mixture was concentrated. The concentrated mixture was purified by silica gel chromatography (0%-100% ethyl acetate-hexanes) to give the title compound (5.59 g, 91%) as a yellow oil: IR (KBr) 1680 cm -1 ; 1 H NMR (300MHz, CDCl3) δ9.11(s,1H),8.73(d,J=3.4Hz,1H),8.28–8.14(m,1H),7.43(dd,J=8.2,5.0Hz,1H),3.77(br s,2H),2.81(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.56(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.08(s,3H),1.21(t,J=7.2Hz,3H); ESIMS m / z 342([M+1] + ).

[0108] Step 5 - Preparation of N-(4-chloro-2-(pyridin-3-yl)thiazol-5-yl)-N-ethyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)propanamide (Formula 1): To a solution of N-(4-chloro-2-(pyridin-3-yl)thiazol-5-yl)-N-ethyl-3-(methylthio)propanamide (C5; 147 mg, 0.43 mmol) in glacial acetic acid (3.6 mL) was added sodium perborate tetrahydrate (139 mg, 0.90 mmol), and the mixture was heated at 65 °C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was carefully poured into a separatory funnel containing saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, resulting in gas evolution. When gas evolution ceased, dichloromethane was added and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with dichloromethane, and the organic layers were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrated mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography (0%-10% methanol-dichloromethane) to give the title compound as a yellow oil (110 mg, 69%): 1HNMR (300MHz, CDCl3) δ9.12(dd,J=2.4,0.9Hz,1H),8.74(dd,J=4.8,1.6Hz,1H),8.22(ddd,J=8.0,2.4,1.6Hz,1H),7.45(d dd,J=8.0,4.8,0.9Hz,1H),3.79(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.43(s,2H),2.96(s,3H),2.80(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.23(t,J=7.2Hz,3H); 13 C NMR (126MHz, CDCl3) δ160.30,153.30,152.08,146.51,136.29,134.06,133.09,129.59,123.77,82.34,53.44,45.26,28.13,13.33; ESIMS m / z 374([M+1] + ).

[0109] Bioassay

[0110] The following bioassays were conducted on Green Peach Aphid (Myzus persicae), Sweetpotato Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), Western Flower Thrips (Alfalfa Thrips), Western Tarnished Plant Bug (Lygus fasciatus), Neotropical Brown Stink Bug (Psoralea spp.), Beet Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), and Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella), which are good indicator species for a wide range of agricultural pests. The results for these indicator species show the broad usefulness of various pesticides (also referred to as active ingredients) mixed with Formula 1 in controlling insect pests.

[0111] Bioassay 1: Green peach aphid (MYZUPE) ("GPA").

[0112] GPA is the most important aphid pest of peach trees, which can cause growth decline, leaf wilt and death of various tissues. Peach aphid is also dangerous because it serves as a medium for spreading plant viruses (such as potato virus Y and potato leaf roll virus) to members of Solanaceae / potato family Solanaceae and various mosaic viruses to many other food crops. Among other crops, GPA especially attacks plants such as broccoli, burdock, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, white radish, eggplant, green beans, lettuce, macadamia, papaya, pepper, sweet potato, tomato, watercress and zucchini. GPA also attacks many ornamental crops, such as carnation, chrysanthemum, flowering white cabbage, poinsettia and rose. GPA has developed resistance to many pesticides. At present, it is the third largest pest in the number of reported insect resistance cases (Sparks et al.). Therefore, due to the above factors, it is important to prevent and control this pest. Furthermore, molecules that control GPAs that are sap-feeding pests can be used to control other pests that feed by sucking sap from plants.

[0113] A stock solution of Formula 1 and one or more active ingredients was prepared at a concentration of 0.1 mg / mL using a 1:1 mixture of acetone:methanol as a diluent. A stock solution was prepared using Formula 1 and each of the active ingredients individually. Test solutions were prepared from the stock solutions. Test solutions containing Formula 1, a single active ingredient, and a mixture of Formula 1 and each of the active ingredients were prepared. Test solutions of Formula 1 and the active ingredients alone were prepared by adding 750 microliters (μL) of the stock solution to a 25 mL glass vial, then adding 750 μL of a 1:1 acetone:methanol solvent, followed by 13.5 mL of 0.025% 20% water to produce a 0.0005% (weight / volume (w / v)) solution. Test solutions containing a mixture of Formula 1 and a single active ingredient were prepared by adding 750 μL of the active ingredient stock solution to a 25 mL glass vial, followed by 750 μL of Formula 1 stock solution, and then 13.5 mL of 0.025% 20% water to produce a test solution containing 0.0005% (w / v) formula 1 and 0.0005% (w / v) active ingredient. Each test solution was serially diluted to produce a desired dose of test solution (0.0005% (w / v), 0.000125% (w / v), 0.00003125% (w / v), 0.0000078% (w / v), 0.00000195% (w / v) and 0.0000005% (w / v)).

[0114] The test solutions were tested against GPA using the following procedure: Cabbage seedlings with 2-3 small (3-5 centimeters (cm)) true leaves grown in 3-inch pots were used as the test substrate. The seedlings were infested with 20-50 GPA (wingless adult and nymph stages) one day before chemical application. Four pots with separate seedlings were used for each treatment. Using a hand-held suction sprayer, the cabbage leaves were sprayed with the solution on both sides until runoff occurred. The diluent (0.025% in water) was used alone. 20 and 10% acetone:methanol (1:1)) were sprayed on reference plants (solvent check). The treated plants were stored in a storage room at approximately 25°C and ambient relative humidity (RH about 20% to about 45%) for 3 days before grading. Evaluation was performed by counting the number of live aphids per plant under a microscope three days after treatment. The percentage control was estimated using the following Abbott's correction formula (WS Abbott, J. Econ. Entomol. [Journal of Economic Entomology] 18 (1925), pp. 265-267):

[0115] Corrected % Control = (1-(Y / X))*100

[0116] Where X = number of live aphids on solvent check plants and Y = number of live aphids on treated plants. In Table B1, the "Expected % Control" was calculated using the method described in Colby SR, Weeds, 1967, 15, 20-22. The results are shown in Table B1 in the Tabular Section.

[0117] Bioassay 2: Sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci, BEMITA) ("SPW").

[0118] Sweet potato whitefly is a major destructive pest to cotton. It is also a serious pest to many vegetable crops (such as melons, Brassica crops, tomatoes, and cabbage lettuce) and ornamental plants. SPW causes damage both by direct feeding damage and virus transmission. SPW is an insect that feeds on sap, and its feeding removes nutrients from the plant. This can cause growth atrophy, defoliation, reduced yield, and boll shedding of cotton. SPW produces a large amount of honeydew, which supports the growth of sooty mold on plant leaves. SPW is also a vector for viruses such as cotton leaf crinkle virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus.

[0119] A stock solution of Formula 1 and one or more active ingredients was prepared at a concentration of 0.2 mg / mL using acetone as a diluent. A stock solution was prepared using Formula 1 and each of the active ingredients individually. Test solutions were prepared from the stock solutions. Test solutions containing Formula 1, a single active ingredient, and a mixture of Formula 1 and each of the active ingredients were prepared. Test solutions of Formula 1 and the single active ingredient were prepared by adding 500 μL of the stock solution to a 25 mL glass vial, followed by 500 μL of acetone, followed by 9 mL of 0.025% 20% water to produce a 0.001% (w / v) solution. Test solutions containing a mixture of Formula 1 and the individual active ingredients were prepared by adding 500 μL of the active ingredient stock solution to a 25 mL glass vial, followed by 500 μL of Formula 1 stock solution, and then 9 mL of 0.025% 20% water to produce a test solution containing 0.001% (w / v) Formula 1 and 0.001% (w / v) active ingredient. Each test solution was serially diluted to produce a test solution of the desired dose (0.001% (w / v), 0.0001% (w / v), 0.00001% (w / v), 0.000001% (w / v), 0.0000001% (w / v), and 0.00000001% (w / v)).

[0120] Test solution is tested for SPW using the following procedure: cotton seedlings grown in 3-inch pots are used as test substrates, and the cotton seedlings are trimmed so that only one true leaf is retained. Allow whitefly (B. tabaci) adults to colonize and lay eggs on cotton plants for 24 hours, and then use compressed air to remove all adults from plants. Monitor the egg development of plants, and when crawlers (crawler) eclosion is in progress (based on visual inspection using a microscope, >25% eclosion), use the test solution and method described above for green peach aphids (GPA) to spray plants. Before grading, treated plants are preserved in a storage room at about 25°C and ambient relative humidity (RH). Evaluate in the following manner: count the number of 2-3 instar nymphs / plants of development under a microscope 7-9 days after treatment. The percentage control was estimated using Abbott's correction formula (WS Abbott, J. Econ. Entomol. 18 (1925), pp. 265-267) as follows:

[0121] Corrected % Control = (1-(Y / X))*100

[0122] Where X = number of live nymphs on solvent check plants and Y = number of live nymphs on treated plants. In Table B2, "Expected % Control" was calculated using the method described in Colby SR, Weeds, 1967, 15, 20-22. The results are shown in Table B2 in the Tabular Section.

[0123] Bioassay 3: Western Flower Thrips (Thrips acutiloba, FRANOC) ("WFT").

[0124] Western flower thrips is a major destructive pest on a wide variety of commercially relevant plant species (over 500 host plants have been recorded), including many fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals. WFTs are sap-feeding insects and feed on a variety of plant parts, damaging plant cells as they feed. WFTs are also known to act as vectors of plant diseases and are one of the major vectors of tomato spotted wilt virus.

[0125] Stock solutions of Formula One and various active ingredients were initially prepared at concentrations of 8 mg / mL (for Formula One) and 1 mg / mL (for active ingredient) using acetone as a diluent, respectively. Stock solutions were prepared individually with Formula One and each of the active ingredients. Test solutions were prepared from the stock solutions. Test solutions containing Formula One, active ingredients alone, and mixtures of Formula One and each of the active ingredients were prepared. Test solutions of Formula One were prepared by adding 500 μL of the stock solution to a 25 mL glass vial, followed by 500 μL of acetone, followed by 9 mL of 0.025% 20% water to produce a 0.04% (w / v) solution. Test solutions of the active ingredient alone were prepared by adding 500 μL of the stock solution to a 25 mL glass vial, followed by 500 μL of acetone, followed by 9 mL of 0.025% 20% water to produce a 0.005% (w / v) solution. Test solutions containing a mixture of Formula 1 and a single active ingredient were prepared by adding 500 μL of the active ingredient stock solution to a 25 mL glass vial, followed by 500 μL of Formula 1 stock solution, and then 9 mL of 0.025% 20% water to produce a test solution containing 0.04% (w / v) Formula 1 and 0.005% (w / v) active ingredient. Each test solution was serially diluted to produce a test solution of the desired dose (0.005% (w / v), 0.00125% (w / v), 0.0003125% (w / v), 0.000078% (w / v) and 0.0000195% (w / v)). In the test solution containing a mixture of Formula 1 and an active ingredient, the active ingredient was diluted as described above, but the concentration of Formula 1 remained constant (0.04% (w / v)).

[0126] The test solutions were tested for WFT using the following procedure: Leaf discs (2.7 cm in diameter) were cut from true leaves of cotton plants. The leaf discs were dipped into the test solution and shaken to ensure complete coverage of the leaf disc, and then placed on a plate containing a filter paper disc. PetriSlides. The treated leaf discs were air dried for approximately 1 hour. Each leaf disc was infested with 5 WFTs (9-10 day old nymphs) (by placing them on each leaf disc) and the PetriSlides were covered to prevent escape. Each treatment was replicated three times and the test treatments were maintained at approximately 26°C and ambient relative humidity (RH) before grading. Reference discs were treated with diluent only (solvent check). Evaluation was performed by counting live WFTs under magnification 3 days after treatment. Percent control was estimated using the following Abbott's correction formula (WS Abbott, J. Econ. Entomol. [Journal of Economic Entomology] 18 (1925), pp. 265-267):

[0127] Corrected % Control = (1-(Y / X))*100

[0128] Where X = number of live nymphs on solvent check leaf discs and Y = number of live nymphs on treated leaf discs. In Table B3, the "Expected % Control" was calculated using the method described in Colby SR, Weeds, 1967, 15, 20-22. The results are shown in Table B3 in the Tabular Section.

[0129] Bioassay 4: Western grass bug (Lygus oleraceus, LYGUHE) ("WTPB").

[0130] The western grass bug is a serious pest of cotton, fruits, and vegetables. WTPB are sap-feeding insects that damage plant cells and plant parts during feeding and egg-laying.

[0131] Acetone was used as a diluent to prepare stock solutions of Formula One and one or more active ingredients at concentrations of 8 mg / mL (for Formula One) and 1 mg / mL (for active ingredients), respectively. Stock solutions were prepared using Formula One and each of the active ingredients individually. Test solutions were prepared from the stock solutions. Test solutions containing Formula One, a single active ingredient, and a mixture of Formula One and each of the active ingredients were prepared. The test solution of Formula One was prepared by adding 500 μL of the stock solution to a 25 mL glass vial, followed by 500 μL of acetone, followed by 9 mL of 0.025% 20% water to produce a 0.04% (w / v) solution. Test solutions of the active ingredient alone were prepared by adding 500 μL of the stock solution to a 25 mL glass vial, followed by 500 μL of acetone, followed by 9 mL of 0.025% 20% water to produce a 0.005% (w / v) solution. Test solutions containing a mixture of Formula 1 and a single active ingredient were prepared by adding 500 μL of the active ingredient stock solution to a 25 mL glass vial, followed by 500 μL of Formula 1 stock solution, and then 9 mL of 0.025% 20% water to produce a test solution containing 0.04% (w / v) Formula 1 and 0.005% (w / v) active ingredient. Each test solution was serially diluted to produce a test solution of the desired dose (0.005% (w / v), 0.00125% (w / v), 0.0003125% (w / v), 0.000078% (w / v) and 0.0000195% (w / v)). In the test solution containing a mixture of Formula 1 and an active ingredient, the active ingredient was diluted as described above, but the concentration of Formula 1 remained constant (0.04% (w / v)).

[0132] The test solutions were tested against WTPB using the following procedure: Fresh green beans were cut into approximately 1.5 inch long segments. Four bean segments were added to each 25 mL vial containing the test solution and allowed to soak for approximately 15 minutes. After soaking, individual bean segments were removed and placed in a 32-well feeder tray (Frontier Agricultural Sciences TM ). The reference treatment (solvent check) was treated with only the diluent. Each treatment was replicated four times and the test treatments were maintained at approximately 26°C and ambient relative humidity (RH) before grading. The bean segments were air-dried for approximately 30 minutes. Three WTPB nymphs were added to each well with a transparent perforated plastic cover and contained therein. The total number of live WTPB nymphs was recorded 3 days after application. Scoring was based on the total number of live nymphs in all four replicates. Percent control was estimated using the following Abbott's correction formula (WS Abbott, J. Econ. Entomol. [Journal of Economic Entomology] 18 (1925), pp. 265-267):

[0133] Corrected % Control = (1-(Y / X))*100

[0134] Where X = number of live nymphs on solvent check and Y = number of live nymphs on treated bean segments. In Table B4, "Expected % Control" was calculated using the method described in Colby SR, Weeds, 1967, 15, 20-22. The results are shown in Table B4 in the Tabular Section.

[0135] Bioassay 5: Neotropical brown stink bug (Eusche) ("BSB").

[0136] The Neotropical brown stink bug is a major pest of soybean, cotton, sunflower, and other economically important crops. BSB are sap-feeding insects that damage plant cells and plant seeds during feeding. Feeding on plant seeds can reduce seed viability and reduce yield.

[0137] Acetone was used as a diluent to prepare stock solutions of Formula One and one or more active ingredients at concentrations of 8 mg / mL (for Formula One) and 1 mg / mL (for active ingredients), respectively. Stock solutions were prepared using Formula One and each of the active ingredients individually. Test solutions were prepared from the stock solutions. Test solutions containing Formula One, a single active ingredient, and a mixture of Formula One and each of the active ingredients were prepared. The test solution of Formula One was prepared by adding 500 μL of the stock solution to a 25 mL glass vial, followed by 500 μL of acetone, followed by 9 mL of 0.025% 20% water to produce a 0.04% (w / v) solution. Individual active ingredients were prepared by adding 500 μL of the stock solution to a 25 mL glass vial, followed by 500 μL of acetone, followed by 9 mL of 0.025% 20% water to produce a 0.005% (w / v) solution. Test solutions containing a mixture of Formula 1 and a single active ingredient were prepared by adding 500 μL of the active ingredient stock solution to a 25 mL glass vial, followed by 500 μL of Formula 1 stock solution, and then 9 mL of 0.025% 20% water to produce a test solution containing 0.04% (w / v) Formula 1 and 0.005% (w / v) active ingredient. Each test solution was diluted continuously to produce the desired dose of test solution (0.01% (w / v), 0.0025% (w / v), 0.000625% (w / v), 0.000156% (w / v) and 0.000039% (w / v)). In the test solution containing a mixture of Formula 1 and an active ingredient, the active ingredient was diluted as described above, but the concentration of Formula 1 remained constant (0.04% (w / v)).

[0138] The test solutions tested for BSB were similar to those described above for WTPB. Fresh green beans were cut into approximately 1.5 inch long segments. Four bean segments were added to each test solution and allowed to soak for approximately 15 minutes. After soaking, individual bean segments were removed and placed in a 32-well feeding tray (Frontier Agricultural Sciences TM ). The reference treatment (solvent check) was treated with only the diluent. Each treatment was replicated four times and the test treatments were maintained at approximately 26°C and ambient relative humidity (RH) before grading. The bean segments were air-dried for approximately 30 minutes. Three BSB nymphs were added to each well with a transparent perforated plastic cover and contained therein. The total number of live BSB nymphs was recorded 3 days after application. Scoring was based on the total number of live nymphs in all four replicates. Percent control was estimated using the following Abbott's correction formula (WS Abbott, J. Econ. Entomol. [Journal of Economic Entomology] 18 (1925), pp. 265-267):

[0139] Corrected % Control = (1-(Y / X))*100

[0140] Where X = number of live nymphs on solvent check and Y = number of live nymphs on treated bean segments. In Table B5, "Expected % Control" was calculated using the method described in Colby SR, Weeds, 1967, 15, 20-22. The results are shown in Table B5 in the Tabular Section.

[0141] Bioassay 6: Beet Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua, LAPHEG) (BAW) and Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella, PLUTMA) (DBM).

[0142] Beet armyworm is a pest of many agriculturally important plant species worldwide, including asparagus, soybeans, beets, celery, Brassica crops, lettuce, peas, potatoes, tomatoes, cotton, etc. The larvae of BAW chew insect pests and damage plants by feeding on leaves and fruits, which can reduce yields and even kill their host plants. Similarly, diamondback moth is a common and destructive pest of host plants in the Cruciferae family (including cabbage, kohlrabi, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, radish, among others). Both BAW and DBM are good representatives of destructive larval Lepidoptera pests.

[0143] Using a 9:1 mixture of acetone: water as a diluent, a stock solution of formula one and one or more active ingredients was prepared at a concentration of 4 mg / mL. A stock solution was prepared separately with each of formula one and the active ingredient. A test solution was prepared from the stock solution. A test solution containing formula one, a single active ingredient, and a mixture of each of formula one and the active ingredient was prepared. The test solution of formula one was prepared by adding 500 μL of the stock solution to a 25 mL glass vial and then adding 500 μL of a 9:1 mixture of acetone: water. The single active ingredient was prepared by adding 500 μL of the stock solution to a 25 mL glass vial and then adding 500 μL of a 9:1 mixture of acetone: water. The test solution containing a mixture of formula one and a single active ingredient was prepared by adding 500 μL of the active ingredient stock solution to a 25 mL glass vial, followed by adding 500 μL of the formula one stock solution, resulting in a test solution containing 4000 ppm of formula one and 0.4% (w / v) of the active ingredient. Each test solution was serially diluted to produce the desired dose of test solution (0.4% (w / v), 0.04% (w / v), 0.004% (w / v), 0.0004% (w / v), 0.00004% (w / v), and 0.000004% (w / v)). In the test solution containing the mixture of Formula One and the active ingredient, the active ingredient was diluted as described above, but the concentration of Formula One was kept constant (0.4% (w / v)). The highest dose of the test solution (0.4% (w / v)) was discarded, leaving 5 test solution concentrations for testing.

[0144] Test solutions were tested against BAW and DBM using the following procedure: Artificial lepidopteran diet (Multi-species Lepidopteran Diet, Southland Products) was distributed in 128-well bioassay trays (Frontier Agricultural Sciences TM ). 50 μL of the test solution was pipetted into the wells in the bioassay tray. (The test solution doses of 0.04% (w / v), 0.004% (w / v), 0.0004% (w / v), 0.00004% (w / v), and 0.000004% (w / v) translated to 5, 0.5, 0.05, 0.005, and 0.0005 ug / cm on the feed, respectively. 2) The reference treatment (solvent check) was treated with the diluent only. Each treatment of each species was repeated 8 times. Second instar BAW or DBM larvae were placed on top of the diet in each well and contained with a transparent perforated plastic cover. Prior to grading, the test trays were stored at approximately 26°C and ambient relative humidity (RH). After 5 days, the number of live larvae was recorded from each well and the percentage control was estimated using the following Abbott correction formula (WS Abbott, J. Econ. Entomol. [Journal of Economic Entomology] 18 (1925), pp. 265-267):

[0145] Corrected % Control = (1-(Y / X))*100

[0146] Where X = number of live larvae on solvent check and Y = number of live larvae on treated feed. In Table B6, "Expected % Control" was calculated using the method described in Colby SR, Weeds, 1967, 15, 20-22. The results are shown in Table B6 in the Tabular Section.

[0147] Bioassay 7: Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii, APHIGO) ("CA").

[0148] CA is a global pest of cash crops such as cotton, watermelon, cucumber, melon, etc. It causes damage to the plant foliage through feeding activity on the underside of the leaves, which results in a decrease in the photosynthetic capacity of the plant, and this results in chlorosis. CA is also a problem for growers because it transmits mosaic virus, a major disease of many crops. Due to the inherent biological characteristics of CA and the ability to develop resistance to insecticides, managing CA is a top priority for farmers.

[0149] A stock solution of Formula One and one or more active ingredients at a concentration of 1 mg / mL was prepared using a 1:1 mixture of acetone:methanol as a diluent. A stock solution was prepared using Formula One and each of the active ingredients individually. Test solutions were prepared from the stock solutions. Test solutions containing Formula One, a single active ingredient, and a mixture of Formula One and each of the active ingredients were prepared. Test solutions of Formula One and the active ingredients alone were prepared by adding 1.5 mL of the stock solution to a 30 mL glass vial, followed by 1.5 mL of a 1:1 acetone:methanol solvent, followed by 27 mL of a 0.025% 20% water to produce a 0.0025% (weight / volume (w / v)) solution. Each test solution was serially diluted to produce the desired dose of test solution ranging from 0.000001% to 0.0025% (w / v).

[0150] The test solutions were tested against CA using the following procedure: Cotton seedlings were grown in 3 inch pots using one true leaf (2-5 cm in diameter) as the test substrate. The seedlings were infested with 20-50 CA (wingless adult and nymph stages) one day prior to chemical application. Four pots with separate seedlings were used for each treatment. Using a hand-held suction sprayer, both sides of the cabbage leaves were sprayed with the solution until runoff occurred. The diluent (0.025% in water) was used alone. 20 and 10% acetone:methanol (1:1)) were sprayed on reference plants (solvent check). The treated plants were stored in a storage room at approximately 25°C and ambient relative humidity (RH about 20% to about 45%) for 3 days before grading. Evaluation was performed by counting the number of live aphids per plant under a microscope three days after treatment. The percentage control was estimated using the following Abbott's correction formula (WS Abbott, J. Econ. Entomol. [Journal of Economic Entomology] 18 (1925), pp. 265-267):

[0151] Corrected % Control = (1-(Y / X))*100

[0152] Where X = number of live aphids on solvent check plants and Y = number of live aphids on treated plants. In Table B1, the "Expected % Control" was calculated using the method described in Colby SR, Weeds, 1967, 15, 20-22. The results are shown in Table C1 in the Tabular Section.

[0153] Bioassay 8: Sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci, BEMITA) ("SPW").

[0154] Sweet potato whitefly is a major destructive pest to cotton. It is also a serious pest to many vegetable crops (such as melons, Brassica crops, tomatoes, and cabbage lettuce) and ornamental plants. SPW causes damage both by direct feeding damage and virus transmission. SPW is an insect that feeds on sap, and its feeding removes nutrients from the plant. This can cause growth atrophy, defoliation, reduced yield, and boll shedding of cotton. SPW produces a large amount of honeydew, which supports the growth of sooty mold on plant leaves. SPW is also a vector for viruses such as cotton leaf crinkle virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus.

[0155] A stock solution of Formula 1 and one or more active ingredients was prepared at a concentration of 0.2 mg / mL using acetone as a diluent. A stock solution was prepared using Formula 1 and each of the active ingredients individually. Test solutions were prepared from the stock solutions. Test solutions containing Formula 1, a single active ingredient, and a mixture of Formula 1 and each of the active ingredients were prepared. Test solutions of Formula 1 and the single active ingredient were prepared by adding 500 μL of the stock solution to a 25 mL glass vial, followed by 500 μL of acetone, followed by 9 mL of 0.025% 20% water to produce a 0.001% (w / v) solution. Test solutions containing a mixture of Formula 1 and the individual active ingredients were prepared by adding 500 μL of the active ingredient stock solution to a 25 mL glass vial, followed by 500 μL of Formula 1 stock solution, and then 9 mL of 0.025% 20% water to produce a test solution containing 0.001% (w / v) Formula 1 and 0.001% (w / v) active ingredient. Each test solution was serially diluted to produce a test solution of the desired dose (0.001% (w / v), 0.0001% (w / v), 0.00001% (w / v), 0.000001% (w / v), 0.0000001% (w / v), 0.0000008% (w / v) and 0.00000001% (w / v)).

[0156] Test solution is tested for SPW using the following procedure: cotton seedlings grown in 3-inch pots are used as test substrates, and the cotton seedlings are trimmed so that only one true leaf is retained. Allow whitefly (B. tabaci) adults to colonize and lay eggs on cotton plants for 24 hours, and then use compressed air to remove all adults from plants. Monitor the egg development of plants, and when crawlers (crawler) eclosion is in progress (based on visual inspection using a microscope, >25% eclosion), use the test solution and method described above for green peach aphids (GPA) to spray plants. Before grading, treated plants are preserved in a storage room at about 25°C and ambient relative humidity (RH). Evaluate in the following manner: count the number of 2-3 instar nymphs / plants of development under a microscope 7-9 days after treatment. The percentage control was estimated using Abbott's correction formula (WS Abbott, J. Econ. Entomol. 18 (1925), pp. 265-267) as follows:

[0157] Corrected % Control = (1-(Y / X))*100

[0158] Where X = number of live nymphs on solvent check plants and Y = number of live nymphs on treated plants. In Table B2, "Expected % Control" was calculated using the method described in Colby SR, Weeds, 1967, 15, 20-22. The results are shown in Table C2 in the Tabular Section.

[0159] Bioassay 9: Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella, PLUTMA) (DBM).

[0160] The diamondback moth is a common and destructive pest of host plants in the family Cruciferae (including cabbage, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, radish, among others). DBM is a good representative of destructive larval Lepidoptera pests.

[0161] Using a 9:1 mixture of acetone: water as a diluent, a stock solution of formula one and one or more active ingredients was prepared at a concentration of 4 mg / mL. A stock solution was prepared separately with each of formula one and the active ingredient. A test solution was prepared from the stock solution. A test solution containing formula one, a single active ingredient, and a mixture of each of formula one and the active ingredient was prepared. The test solution of formula one was prepared by adding 500 μL of the stock solution to a 25 mL glass vial and then adding 500 μL of a 9:1 mixture of acetone: water. The single active ingredient was prepared by adding 500 μL of the stock solution to a 25 mL glass vial and then adding 500 μL of a 9:1 mixture of acetone: water. The test solution containing a mixture of formula one and a single active ingredient was prepared by adding 500 μL of the active ingredient stock solution to a 25 mL glass vial, followed by adding 500 μL of the formula one stock solution, resulting in a test solution containing 4000 ppm of formula one and 0.4% (w / v) of the active ingredient. Each test solution was serially diluted to produce the desired dose of test solution (0.4% (w / v), 0.04% (w / v), 0.004% (w / v), 0.0004% (w / v), 0.00004% (w / v), and 0.000004% (w / v)). In the test solution containing the mixture of Formula One and the active ingredient, the active ingredient was diluted as described above, but the concentration of Formula One was kept constant (0.4% (w / v)). The highest dose of the test solution (0.4% (w / v)) was discarded, leaving 5 test solution concentrations for testing.

[0162] Cabbage seedlings with 2-3 small (3-5 centimeters (cm)) true leaves grown in 3-inch pots were used as the test substrate. Using an orbital sprayer Spray the cabbage plants with the desired concentration of One or a mixture of active ingredients Only with diluent (0.025% in water Reference plants were sprayed with 20 and 10% acetone:methanol (1:1)) (solvent check). The sprayed cabbage plants were allowed to dry for 1 hour, after which leaves from each treatment were placed in the wells of a plastic tray. One leaf per well, and 8 replicates per well. The test dose range was between 0.000001% (w / v) and 0.0002% (w / v). A 2nd instar DBM larva was placed in each well of the tray and allowed to feed on the cabbage leaves for several days, after which mortality and feeding damage were scored. Prior to grading, the test trays were stored at approximately 26°C and ambient relative humidity (RH). The number of live larvae was recorded from each well and the percentage control was estimated using the following Abbott correction formula (WS Abbott, J. Econ. Entomol. [Journal of Economic Entomology] 18 (1925), pp. 265-267):

[0163] Corrected % Control = (1-(Y / X))*100

[0164] Where X = number of live larvae on solvent check and Y = number of live larvae on treated feed. In Table B6, "Expected % Control" was calculated using the method described in Colby SR, Weeds, 1967, 15, 20-22. The results are shown in Table C3 in the Tabular Section.

[0165] Agriculturally acceptable acid addition salts, salt derivatives, solvates, ester derivatives, polymorphs, isotopes and radionuclides

[0166] Formula 1 can be formulated into agriculturally acceptable acid addition salts. As non-limiting examples, the amine functional group can form salts with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, malonic acid, salicylic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, gluconic acid, ascorbic acid, maleic acid, aspartic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, hydroxymethanesulfonic acid, and hydroxyethanesulfonic acid.

[0167] Formula one can be formulated into salt derivatives. As a non-limiting example, the salt derivative can be prepared by contacting the free alkali with the desired acid in an amount sufficient to produce the salt. The free alkali can be regenerated by treating the salt with a suitable dilute alkali aqueous solution (such as dilute sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, ammonia, and sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution). For example, in many cases, pesticides (such as 2,4-D) are more soluble in water by converting them into their dimethylamine salts.

[0168] Formula 1 can be formulated with a solvent to form a stable complex so that the complex remains intact after the non-complex solvent is removed. These complexes are often referred to as "solvates". However, it is particularly desirable to use water as a solvent to form a stable hydrate.

[0169] Formula 1 can be prepared as a variety of polymorphs. Polymorphism is important in agrochemical development because different crystalline polymorphs or structures of the same molecule can have widely varying physical properties and biological performance.

[0170] Formula 1 can be made with different isotopes. Of particular importance is the 2 H (also called deuterium) or 3 H (also called tritium) instead 1 The molecule of H. Formula 1 can be made from different radionuclides. Of particular importance is the 14 C (also called radiocarbon). Molecules with deuterium, tritium, or 14 Formula 1 of C can be used for biological studies allowing tracking in chemical and physiological processes, and half-life studies, and MoA studies.

[0171] combination

[0172] In another embodiment of the present invention, Formula 1 can be used in combination with one or more active ingredients (such as in the form of a component mixture, or applied simultaneously or sequentially).

[0173] In another embodiment of the present invention, Formula 1 can be used in combination with one or more active ingredients (such as in the form of a component mixture, or applied simultaneously or sequentially), each of which has a MoA that is the same, similar, or preferably different from that of Formula 1.

[0174] In another embodiment, Formula One can be used in combination (such as in a component mixture or applied simultaneously or sequentially) with one or more molecules having acaricidal, algicidal, avicidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, herbicidal, insecticidal, molluscicidal, nematicidal, rodenticidal, and / or virucidal properties.

[0175] In another embodiment, Formula One can be used in combination (such as in a component mixture or applied simultaneously or sequentially) with one or more molecules that are antifeedants, bird repellents, chemosterils, herbicide safeners, insect attractants, insect repellents, mammal repellents, mating disruptors, plant activators, plant growth regulators, plant health stimulants or promoters, nitrification inhibitors, and / or synergists.

[0176] In another embodiment, Formula 1 can also be used in combination with one or more biological pesticides (such as in the form of a component mixture, or applied simultaneously or sequentially).

[0177] In another embodiment, in the pesticidal composition, the combination of the compound of formula (I) and the active ingredient can be used in a variety of weight ratios. For example, in a two-component mixture, the weight ratio of the compound of formula (I) to the active ingredient can be the weight ratios shown in Table 3.

[0178]

[0179]

[0180] The weight ratio of the molecule of formula (I) to the active ingredient can also be depicted as X:Y; where X is the weight part of the compound of formula (I) and Y is the weight part of the active ingredient. The numerical range of the weight part of X is 0 < X ≤ 100 and the numerical range of the weight part of Y is 0 < Y ≤ 100, and it is graphically shown in Table 4.

[0181] As a non-limiting example, the weight ratio of the compound of formula (I) to the active ingredient can be 20:1.

[0182]

[0183] The range of the weight ratio of the compound of formula (I) to the active ingredient can be depicted as X1:Y1 to X2:Y2, where X and Y are as defined above.

[0184] In one embodiment, the range of the weight ratio can be X1:Y1 to X2:Y2, where X1 > Y1 and X2 < Y2. As a non-limiting example, the range of the weight ratio of the compound of formula (I) to the active ingredient can be between 3:1 and 1:3, including the endpoints.

[0185] In another embodiment, the range of the weight ratio can be X1:Y1 to X2:Y2, where X1 > Y1 and X2 > Y2. As a non-limiting example, the range of the weight ratio of the compound of formula (I) to the active ingredient can be between 15:1 and 3:1, including the endpoints.

[0186] In another embodiment, the range of the weight ratio can be X1:Y1 to X2:Y2, where X1 < Y1 and X2 < Y2. As a non-limiting example, the range of the weight ratio of the compound of formula (I) to the active ingredient can be between about 1:3 and about 1:20, including the endpoints.

[0187] Formulation

[0188] Pesticides are often not suitable for use in their pure form. It is usually necessary to add other substances so that the pesticide can be used at the desired concentration and in a suitable form, thereby allowing easy application, handling, transportation, storage and maximum pesticidal activity. Therefore, the pesticide is formulated into, for example, baits, concentrated emulsions, powders, emulsifiable concentrates, fumigants, gels, granules, microcapsules, seed treatment agents, suspension concentrates, suspoemulsions, tablets, water-soluble liquids, water-dispersible granules or dry flowables, wettable powders and ultra-low volume solutions.

[0189] Pesticides are most commonly applied in the form of aqueous suspensions or emulsions prepared from concentrated formulations of such pesticides. Such water-soluble, water-suspendable, or emulsifiable formulations can be solids commonly referred to as wettable powders, water-dispersible granules, liquids commonly referred to as emulsifiable concentrates or aqueous suspensions. Wettable powders that can be compacted to form water-dispersible granules include an intimate mixture of pesticides, carriers, and surfactants. The concentration of the pesticide is generally from about 10% by weight to about 90% by weight. The carrier is generally selected from attapulgite clay, montmorillonite clay, diatomaceous earth, or purified silicates. Effective surfactants accounting for from about 0.5% to about 10% of the wettable powder are found in sulfonated lignin, condensed naphthalene sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, and nonionic surfactants such as ethylene oxide adducts of alkylphenols.

[0190] The emulsifiable concentrate of the pesticide comprises a suitable concentration of the pesticide dissolved in a carrier (such as from about 50 to about 500 g / L of liquid), and the carrier is a mixture of a water-miscible solvent or a water-immiscible organic solvent and an emulsifier. Available organic solvents include aromatic compounds (especially xylene) and petroleum fractions (especially the high boiling naphthalene and alkene parts of petroleum, such as heavy aromatic naphtha). Other organic solvents may also be used, such as terpene solvents including rosin derivatives, aliphatic ketones such as cyclohexanone, and complex alcohols such as 2-ethoxyethanol. Suitable emulsifiers for emulsifiable concentrates are selected from conventional anionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants.

[0191] Aqueous suspensions include water-insoluble pesticides that are dispersed in aqueous carriers in concentrations ranging from about 5% by weight to about 50% by weight. Suspensions are prepared in the following manner: finely ground pesticides and mixed violently into the carrier consisting of water and surfactants. Ingredients such as inorganic salts and synthetic glue or natural gum can also be added to increase the density and viscosity of the aqueous carrier. It is usually most effective to grind and mix the pesticides simultaneously by preparing an aqueous mixture in an apparatus such as a sand mill, a ball mill, or a piston-type homogenizer and homogenizing it. The pesticides that are suspensions can be microencapsulated in plastic polymers.

[0192] Oil dispersion (OD) comprises organic solvent insoluble pesticides with the suspension in the mixture of organic solvent and emulsifier in the concentration finely dispersed in the range of from about 2 wt % to about 50 wt %.One or more pesticides can be dissolved in organic solvent.Available organic solvents include aromatic compounds (especially xylene) and petroleum fractions (especially the high boiling naphthalene and alkene parts of petroleum, such as heavy aromatic naphtha).Other solvents can include vegetable oil, seed oil and ester of vegetable oil and seed oil.Suitable emulsifier for oil dispersion is selected from conventional anionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant.In the preparation of oil dispersion, thickener or gelling agent is added to change the rheological property or flow characteristics of liquid and to prevent the separation and sedimentation of dispersed particles or droplets.

[0193] Pesticides can also be applied in the form of granular compositions, which are particularly useful for application to soil. Granular compositions typically contain from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of a pesticide, which is dispersed in a carrier comprising clay or a similar substance. Such compositions are typically prepared by dissolving the pesticide in a suitable solvent and applying it to a granular carrier that has been preformed in a suitable particle size ranging from about 0.5 mm to about 3 mm. Such compositions can also be prepared by making a sticky mass or paste of carrier and molecule and then extruding and drying to obtain the desired particle size. Another form of granules is water-emulsifiable granules (EG). It is a formulation consisting of granules, which is to be applied in the form of a conventional oil-in-water emulsion dissolved or diluted in an organic solvent after one or more active ingredients are disintegrated and dissolved in water. Water-emulsifiable granules contain one or more active ingredients dissolved or diluted in a suitable organic solvent, which are absorbed in a water-soluble polymer shell or some other type of soluble or insoluble matrix.

[0194] Dusts containing the pesticide are prepared by intimately mixing the pesticide in powder form with a suitable dusty agricultural carrier such as kaolin, ground volcanic rock, etc. Dusts may suitably contain from about 1% to about 10% of the pesticide. Dusts may be applied as a seed dressing or as a foliar application using a duster.

[0195] It is also practical to apply the pesticide in the form of a solution in a suitable organic solvent (usually petroleum), such as the spray oils widely used in agrochemistry.

[0196] Pesticides can also be applied in the form of aerosol compositions. In such compositions, the pesticide is dissolved or dispersed in a carrier that is a propellant mixture that generates pressure. The aerosol composition is packaged in a container that dispenses the mixture through an atomizing valve.

[0197] When the pesticide is mixed with food or attractant or both, a pesticide bait is formed. When the pests eat the bait, they also eat the pesticide. The bait can be in the form of granules, gels, flowable powders, liquids, or solids. The bait can be used in the shelter of the pests.

[0198] Fumigants are pesticides that have a relatively high vapor pressure and can therefore exist in gaseous form at sufficient concentrations to kill harmful organisms in soil or enclosed spaces. The toxicity of a fumigant is proportional to its concentration and exposure time. They are characterized by good diffusion capacity and work by penetrating the respiratory system of harmful organisms or by absorption through the epidermis of harmful organisms. Fumigants are applied to control stored product pests under airtight sheets, in airtight rooms or buildings, or in specific chambers.

[0199] Pesticide microencapsulation can be carried out by suspending the pesticide particles or droplets in various types of polymers. By changing the chemical properties of the polymer or by changing the factors in the processing, microcapsules with various sizes, solubility, wall thickness and penetration can be formed. These factors control the speed of the release of the active ingredient inside, which then affects the residual performance, action speed and smell of the product. Microcapsules can be formulated as suspension concentrates or water dispersible granules.

[0200] Oil solution concentrates are made by dissolving the pesticide in a solvent that will keep the pesticide in solution. Oil solutions of pesticides usually defeat and kill pests faster than other formulations because the solvent itself has a pesticidal effect and the dissolution of the wax covering the cuticle increases the speed of pesticide uptake. Other advantages of oil solutions include better storage stability, better crack penetration and better adhesion to greasy surfaces.

[0201] Another embodiment is an oil-in-water emulsion, wherein the emulsion comprises oily beads each having a lamellar liquid crystal coating and dispersed in an aqueous phase, wherein each oily bead comprises at least one agriculturally active molecule and is individually coated with a monolamellar layer or a multilamellar layer comprising: (1) at least one nonionic lipophilic surfactant, (2) at least one nonionic hydrophilic surfactant, and (3) at least one ionic surfactant, wherein the average particle size of the beads is less than 800 nanometers.

[0202] Other formulation components

[0203] Typically, when Formula 1 is used in a formulation, such formulation may also contain other components. These components include, but are not limited to (this is a non-exhaustive and non-mutually exclusive list) wetting agents, spreading agents, adhesives, penetrants, buffers, chelating agents, bleach reducing agents, compatibilizers, defoamers, detergents, and emulsifiers. Several components are described next.

[0204] A wetting agent is a substance that, when added to a liquid, increases the spreading or penetration ability of a liquid by reducing the surface tension between the liquid and the surface on which it is spread. Wetting agents are used in agrochemical formulations for two main functions: to increase the rate at which powders wet in water to make concentrates or suspension concentrates for soluble liquids during processing and manufacturing; and to reduce the wetting time of wettable powders and improve the penetration of water into water-dispersible granules during mixing of the product with water in a spray tank. Examples of wetting agents for wettable powders, suspension concentrates, and water-dispersible granule formulations are sodium lauryl sulfate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, alkylphenol ethoxylates, and aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates.

[0205] Dispersants are substances that adsorb on the surface of particles, help maintain the dispersed state of particles and prevent them from reaggregating. Dispersants are added to agricultural chemical formulations to promote dispersion and suspension during manufacturing and ensure that particles are redispersed in the water in the spray tank. They are widely used in wettable powders, suspension concentrates, and water-dispersible granules. Surfactants used as dispersants have the ability to strongly adsorb on the surface of particles and provide a charged or spatial barrier for particle reaggregation. The most commonly used surfactants are anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, or a mixture of the two types. For wettable powder formulations, the most common dispersant is sodium lignin sulfonate. For suspension concentrates, polyelectrolytes (such as sodium naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensates) are used to obtain very good adsorption and stability. Tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate is also used. Nonionic surfactants such as alkylaryl ethylene oxide condensates and EO-PO block copolymers are sometimes used in suspension concentrates in combination with anionic surfactants as dispersants. In recent years, new very high molecular weight polymer surfactants have been developed as dispersants. It has a very long hydrophobic 'backbone' and a large number of ethylene oxide chains, forming the 'teeth' of a 'comb-type' surfactant. These high molecular weight polymers can impart very good long-term stability to suspension concentrates, since the hydrophobic backbone has many anchor points on the particle surface. Examples of dispersants for agrochemical formulations are sodium lignin sulfonate, sodium naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, tristyrylphenol-ethoxylate-phosphate-esters, aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl ethoxylates, EO-PO block copolymers and graft copolymers.

[0206] Emulsifiers are substances that stabilize the suspension of droplets of one liquid phase in another liquid phase. In the absence of emulsifiers, the two liquids can be separated into two immiscible liquid phases. The most commonly used emulsifier blends contain alkylphenols or aliphatic alcohols with twelve or more ethylene oxide units and oil-soluble calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. A range of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance ("HLB") values ​​from about 8 to about 18 will normally provide good stable emulsions. Emulsion stability can sometimes be improved by adding a small amount of EO-PO block copolymer surfactants.

[0207] Solubilizing agents are surfactants that will form micelles in water at a concentration above the critical micelle concentration. These micelles are then able to dissolve or solubilize water-insoluble materials within the hydrophobic portion of the micelles. The types of surfactants commonly used for solubilization are nonionic surfactants, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monooleate ethoxylate, and methyl oleate.

[0208] Surfactants are sometimes used alone or with other additives (such as mineral or vegetable oils) as adjuvants for spray tank mixing to improve the biological performance of the pesticide on the target. The type of surfactant used for bioenhancement generally depends on the nature and mode of action of the pesticide. However, they are generally nonionic, such as: alkyl ethoxylates, linear aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, and aliphatic amine ethoxylates.

[0209] A carrier or diluent in an agricultural formulation is a material that is added to a pesticide to give the product the desired concentration. A carrier is usually a material with a high absorption capacity, while a diluent is usually a material with a low absorption capacity. Carriers and diluents are used in the formulation of dusts, wettable powders, granules, and water-dispersible granules.

[0210] Organic solvents are mainly used to prepare emulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, suspoemulsions, oil dispersions and ultra-low volume formulations, and to a lesser extent for preparing granular formulations. Solvent mixtures are sometimes used. The solvents of the first main group are aliphatic paraffin oils, such as kerosene or refined paraffin. The solvents of the second main group (and the most commonly used) include aromatic solvents, such as xylene and higher molecular weight C9 and C10 aromatic solvent fractions. Chlorinated hydrocarbons can be used as cosolvents to prevent the pesticide from crystallizing when the formulation is emulsified in water. Alcohols are sometimes used as cosolvents to increase the dissolving power. Other solvents can include vegetable oils, seed oils, and esters of vegetable oils and seed oils.

[0211] Thickeners or gelling agents are mainly used to prepare suspension concentrates, oil dispersions, emulsions and suspoemulsions to change the rheological or flow characteristics of the liquid and prevent the separation and sedimentation of dispersed particles or droplets. Thickeners, gelling agents and anti-settling agents are generally divided into two categories, namely water-insoluble particles and water-soluble polymers. Clay and silica can be used to produce suspension concentrates and oil dispersion formulations. Examples of these types of materials include, but are not limited to, montmorillonite, bentonite, magnesium aluminum silicate, and attapulgite. Water-soluble polysaccharides in water-based suspension concentrates have been used as thickening-gelling agents for many years. The most commonly used types of polysaccharides are natural extracts of seeds and seaweed or synthetic derivatives of cellulose. Examples of these types of materials include, but are not limited to, guar gum, locust bean gum, carrageenan, alginates, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC), and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC). Other types of anti-settling agents are based on modified starch, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyethylene oxide. Another good anti-settling agent is xanthan gum.

[0212] Microorganisms can cause spoilage of formulated products. Therefore, preservatives are used to eliminate or mitigate their effects. Examples of such agents include, but are not limited to, propionic acid and its sodium salt, sorbic acid and its sodium or potassium salt, benzoic acid and its sodium salt, p-hydroxybenzoic acid sodium salt, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT).

[0213] The presence of surfactants usually causes water-based formulations to foam during production and mixing operations in spray tank applications. In order to reduce the tendency to foam, defoamers are usually added during the production stage or before filling into the bottle. Generally, there are two types of defoamers, silicone and non-silicone. Silicones are usually aqueous emulsions of dimethylpolysiloxane, while non-silicone defoamers are water-insoluble oils (such as octanol and nonanol) or silicon dioxide. In both cases, the function of the defoamer is to displace the surfactant from the air-water interface.

[0214] "Green" agents (e.g., adjuvants, surfactants, solvents) can reduce the overall environmental footprint of crop protection formulations. Green agents are biodegradable and are generally derived from natural and / or sustainable sources, e.g., plant and animal sources. Specific examples are vegetable oils, seed oils, and esters thereof, and alkoxylated alkyl polyglucosides.

[0215] application

[0216] Formula 1 can be applied to any site. Specific sites for application of such molecules include alfalfa, almonds, apples, barley, beans, canola, corn, cotton, crucifers, flowers, forage species (ryegrass, Sudan Grass, Tall Fescue, Kentucky Blue Grass and clover), fruits, lettuce, oats, oilseed crops, citrus, peanuts, pears, peppers, potatoes, rice, sorghum, soybeans, strawberries, sugar cane, sugar beets, sunflowers, tobacco, tomatoes, wheat (e.g., Hard Red Winter Wheat, Soft Red Winter Wheat, White Winter Wheat, Hard Red Spring Wheat and Durum Spring Wheat) and other valuable crops growing or where their seeds are to be planted.

[0217] Formula 1 can also be applied to places where plants (such as crops) grow and where there are low levels (or even actual absence) of pests that can commercially damage such plants. Application of such molecules in such places will benefit plants growing in such places. Such beneficial effects may include, but are not limited to: helping plants grow better roots; helping plants better withstand stress growth conditions; improving the health of plants; improving plant yields (e.g., increased biomass and / or increased content of valuable components); improving plant vigor (e.g., improved plant growth and / or greener leaves); improving plant quality (e.g., improving the content or composition of certain ingredients); and improving plant tolerance to abiotic and / or biotic stresses.

[0218] When growing a variety of plants, Formula 1 may be applied together with ammonium sulfate as this may provide additional benefits.

[0219] Formula 1 can be applied to, in or around the following plants, including above-ground and underground parts: plants that are genetically modified to express specific traits (such as Bacillus thuringiensis (e.g., Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34Ab1 / Cry35Ab1)), other insecticidal toxins, or plants that express herbicide tolerance, or plants with "stacked" exogenous genes that express insecticidal toxins, herbicide tolerance, nutritional enhancement, or any other beneficial traits. In addition, in additional details, transgenic plants can include stacks of one or more insecticidal polynucleotides disclosed herein with one or more additional polynucleotides, resulting in the production or inhibition of multiple polypeptide sequences. Transgenic plants comprising stacked polynucleotide sequences can be obtained by one or both of traditional breeding methods and by genetic engineering methods. These methods include, but are not limited to, breeding individual lines each containing a polynucleotide of interest, transforming transgenic plants containing genes disclosed herein with subsequent genes, and co-transforming genes into individual plant cells. As used herein, the term "stacked" includes allowing multiple traits to exist in the same plant (i.e., two traits are incorporated into the nuclear genome, one trait is incorporated into the nuclear genome, and one trait is incorporated into the genome of the plastid, or both traits are incorporated into the genome of the plastid). In a non-limiting example, "stacked traits" include molecular stacks in which sequences are physically adjacent to each other. Traits as used herein refer to phenotypes derived from a specific sequence or sequence group. Co-transformation of genes can be performed using a single transformation medium containing multiple genes or genes carried separately on a variety of media. If sequences are stacked by genetic transformation of plants, the polynucleotide sequences of interest can be combined at any time and in any order. The traits can be introduced together with the polynucleotides of interest provided by any combination of transformation boxes using a co-transformation scheme. For example, if two sequences are introduced, the two sequences can be contained in separate transformation boxes (trans) or in the same transformation box (cis). The expression of the sequence can be driven by the same promoter or by different promoters. In some cases, it may be necessary to introduce a transformation box that will suppress the expression of the target polynucleotide. This can be combined with any combination of other inhibition boxes or overexpression boxes to produce a desired trait combination in the plant. It should be further recognized that a site-specific recombination system can be used to stack polynucleotide sequences in the desired genomic position. See, for example, WO 1999 / 25821, WO 1999 / 25854, WO 1999 / 25840, WO 1999 / 25855 and WO 1999 / 25853, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0220] In some embodiments, one or more of the polynucleotides encoding one or more Cry toxin polypeptides disclosed herein, either alone or stacked with one or more additional insect resistance traits, can be stacked with one or more additional input traits (e.g., herbicide resistance, fungal resistance, viral resistance, stress tolerance, disease resistance, male sterility, stem strength, etc.) or output traits (e.g., increased yield, modified starch, improved oil properties, balanced amino acids, high lysine or methionine, increased digestibility, improved fiber quality, drought resistance, etc.). Therefore, the polynucleotide embodiments can be used to provide a complete agronomic solution for improved crop quality with the ability to flexibly and cost-effectively control any number of agronomic pests.

[0221] Transgenes that can be used for stacking include, but are not limited to: transgenes that confer herbicide resistance; transgenes that confer or contribute to altered grain characteristics; genes that control male sterility; genes that create sites for site-specific DNA integration; genes that affect abiotic stress resistance; genes that confer increased yield; genes that confer plant digestibility; and transgenes that confer insect resistance or disease resistance.

[0222] Examples of transgenes that confer insect resistance include genes encoding Bacillus thuringiensis proteins, derivatives thereof, or synthetic polypeptides modeled thereon. See, e.g., Geiser et al., (1986) Gene 48:109, which discloses the cloning and nucleotide sequence of a Bt delta-endotoxin gene. In addition, DNA molecules encoding delta-endotoxin genes can be purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, Md., USA), e.g. Accession Nos. 40098, 67136, 31995 and 31998. Other non-limiting examples of genetically engineered Bacillus thuringiensis transgenes are given in the following patents and patent applications: U.S. Patent Nos. 5,188,960, 5,689,052, 5,880,275, 5,986,177, 6,023,013, 6,060,594, 6,063,597, 6,077,824, 6,620,988, 6,642,030, 6,713,259, 6,893,826, 7,105,332, 7,113,691. 79,965, 7,208,474, 7,227,056, 7,288,643, 7,323,556, 7,329,736, 7,449,552, 7,468,278, 7,510,878, 7, 521,235, 7,544,862, 7,605,304, 7,696,412, 7,629,504, 7,705,216, 7,772,465, 7,790,846, 7,858,849 and WO 1991 / 14778, WO 1999 / 31248, WO 2001 / 12731, WO 1999 / 24581 and WO 1997 / 40162.

[0223] Genes encoding pesticidal proteins can also be stacked, including but not limited to: insecticidal proteins from Pseudomonas species, such as PSEEN3174 (Monalysin, (2011) PLoS Pathogens, 7:1-13), from Pseudomonas protegens strains CHA0 and Pf-5 (formerly Pseudomonas fluorescens) (Pechy-Tarr, (2008) Environmental Microbiology 10:2368-2386: GenBank Accession No. EU400157); from Pseudomonas taiwanensis (Liu et al., (2010) J. Agric. Food Chem., 58:12343-12349) and from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes (Pseudomonas spp.). pseudoalcaligenes) (Zhang et al., (2009) Annals of Microbiology 59:45-50 and Li et al., (2007) Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 89:159-168); insecticidal proteins from Photorhabdus sp. and Xenorhabdus sp. (Hinchliffe et al., (2010) The Open Toxinology Journal 3:101-118 and Morgan et al., (2001) Applied and Envir. Micro. [Applied and Environmental Microbiology] 67: 2062-2069), insecticidal proteins of U.S. Patent Nos. 6,048,838 and 6,379,946; PIP-1 polypeptide of U.S. Patent No. 9,688,730; AfIP-1A and / or AfIP-1B polypeptide of U.S. Patent No. 9,475,847; PIP-47 polypeptide of U.S. Patent No. 10,006,045; PCT Publication No. WO IPD045 polypeptide, IPD064 polypeptide, IPD074 polypeptide, IPD075 polypeptide and IPD077 polypeptide of 2016 / 114973; IPD080 polypeptide of International Patent Application Publication No. WO2018 / 075350; IPD078 polypeptide, IPD084 polypeptide, IPD085 polypeptide, IPD086 polypeptide, IPD087 polypeptide, IPD088 polypeptide and IPD089 polypeptide of International Patent Application Publication No. WO2018 / 084936;PIP-72 polypeptide of U.S. Patent Publication No. US20160366891; PtIP-50 polypeptide and PtIP-65 polypeptide of U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US20170166921; IPD098 polypeptide, IPD059 polypeptide, IPD108 polypeptide, IPD109 polypeptide of International Patent Application Publication No. WO2018 / 232072; PtIP-83 polypeptide of U.S. Publication No. US20160347799; PtIP-96 polypeptide of U.S. Publication No. US20170233440; IPD079 polypeptide of PCT Publication No. WO2017 / 23486; International Patent Application Publication No. WO 2017 / 105987 IPD082 polypeptide; International Patent Application Publication No. WO2017 / 192560 IPD090 polypeptide; International Patent Application Publication No. WO2018 / 111551 IPD093 polypeptide; International Patent Application Publication No. WO2018 / 005411 IPD103 polypeptide; International Patent Application Publication No. WO2018 / 118811 IPD101 polypeptide; International Patent Application Publication No. WO2018 / 208882 IPD121 polypeptide, and delta-endotoxin, including but not limited to Cry1, Cry2, Cry3, Cry4, Cry5, Cry6, Cry7, Cry8, Cry9, Cry10, Cry11, Cry12, Cry13, Cry14, Cry15, Cry16, Cry17, Cry18, Cry19, Cry20 , Cry21, Cry22, Cry23, Cry24, Cry25, Cry26, Cry27, Cry28, Cry29, Cry30, Cry31, Cry32, Cry 33. Cry34, Cry35, Cry36, Cry37, Cry38, Cry39, Cry40, Cry41, Cry42, Cry43, Cry44, Cry45, C Cry46, Cry47, Cry49, Cry50, Cry51, Cry52, Cry53, Cry54, Cry55, Cry56, Cry57, Cry58, Cry59, Cry60, Cry61, Cry62, Cry63, Cry64, Cry65, Cry66, Cry67, Cry68, Cry69, Cry70, Cry71, and Cry72-type delta-endotoxin genes and Bacillus thuringiensis cytolytic Cyt1 and Cyt2 genes. ;

[0224] Examples of delta-endotoxins also include, but are not limited to, the Cry1A proteins of U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,880,275 and 7,858,849; the DIG-3 or DIG-11 toxins of U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,304,604 and 8.304,605 ​​(Cry proteins such as N-terminal deletions of α-helix 1 and / or α-helix 2 variants of Cry1A), Cry1B of U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10 / 525,318; Cry1C of U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,033,874; Cry1F of U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,188,960 and 6,218,188; Cry1A / F chimeras of U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,070,982, 6,962,705 and 6,713,063; Cry2 proteins of U.S. Pat. No. 7,064,249, etc. Such as Cry2Ab protein; Cry3A protein, including but not limited to engineered hybrid insecticidal protein (eHIP) produced by fusing a unique combination of variable and conserved regions of at least two different Cry proteins (U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010 / 0017914); Cry4 protein; Cry5 protein; Cry6 protein; Cry8 protein of U.S. Patent Nos. 7,329,736, 7,449,552, 7,803,943, 7,476,781, 7,105,332, 7,378,499 and 7,462,760; Cry9 protein, such as members of the Cry9A, Cry9B, Cry9C, Cry9D, Cry9E and Cry9F families; Naimov et al., (2008) Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74:7145–7151; Cry15 protein of U.S. Patent Nos. 6,127,180, 6,624,145, and 6,340,593; Cry22 and Cry34Ab1 proteins of U.S. Patent Nos. 6,248,535, 6,326,351, 6,399,330, 6,949,626, 7,385,107, and 7,504,229; U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2006 / 0191034, 2012 / 0278954, and PCT Publication No. WO CryET33 and CryET34 homologs of 2012 / 139004; Cry35Ab1 protein of U.S. Patent Nos. 6,083,499, 6,548,291 and 6,340,593; Cry46 protein, Cry 51 protein, Cry binary toxin; TIC901 or related toxins; TIC807 of US2008 / 0295207; ET29, ET37, TIC809, TIC810, TIC812, TIC127, TIC128 of PCT US 2006 / 033867; and U.S. Patent Nos. 8,319,019 with modified proteolytic sites, such as Cry1A and Cry3A; and Cry1Ac, Cry2Aa and Cry1Ca toxin proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis strain VBTS2528 of U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011 / 0064710. Other Cry proteins are well known to those skilled in the art (see, Crickmore et al., "Bacillus thuringiensis toxin nomenclature" (2011), the website is lifesci.sussex.ac.uk / home / Neil_Crickmore / Bt / , which can be accessed on the World Wide Web using the "www" prefix). The insecticidal activity of Cry proteins is well known to those skilled in the art (for review, see van Frannkenhuyzen, (2009) J. Invert. Path. [Journal of Invertebrate Pathology] 101: 1-16). The use of Cry proteins as transgenic plant traits is well known to those skilled in the art, and Cry transgenic plants (including but not limited to Cry1Ac, Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab, Cry1Ab, Cry1A.105, Cry1F, Cry1Fa2, Cry1F+Cry1Ac, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, mCry3A, Cry3Bb1, Cry34Ab1, Cry35Ab1, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry9c and CBI-Bt) have been approved by regulatory authorities (see, Sanahuja, (2011) Plant Biotech Journal [Plant Biotechnology Journal] 9:283-300 and CERA (2010) GM Crop Database Center for Environmental Risk Assessment (CERA)). Assessment), ILSI Research Foundation, Washington, D.C., at cera-gmc.org / index.php?action=gm_crop_database, which can be accessed on the World Wide Web using the "www" prefix). More than one pesticidal protein known to those skilled in the art can also be expressed in plants, such as Cry1F and CryCa (US2012 / 0317681) and Cry1DA and Cry1Fa (US2012 / 0331589). Pesticide proteins also include insecticide lipases, including those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,491,869, and cholesterol oxidase, such as from Streptomyces (Purcell et al. (1993) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 15: 1406-1413). Pesticide proteins also include VIP (nutritional insecticide protein) toxins in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,877,012, 6,107,279, 6,137,033, 7,244,820, 7,615,686, and 8,237,020, etc. Other VIP proteins are well known to those skilled in the art (see, lifesci.sussex.ac.uk / home / Neil_Crickmore / Bt / vip.html, which can be accessed on the World Wide Web using the "www" prefix). Pesticide proteins also include toxin complex (TC) proteins that can be obtained from the following organisms: Xenorhabdus, Photorhabdus, and Paenibacillus (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,491,698 and 8,084,418). Some TC proteins have "independent" insecticidal activity and other TC proteins enhance the activity of independent toxins produced by the same given organism. The toxicity of "independent" TC proteins (e.g., from Photorhabdus, Xenorhabdus, or Paenibacillus) can be enhanced by one or more TC protein "enhancers" derived from source organisms of different genera. There are three main types of TC proteins. As mentioned herein, Class A proteins ("Protein A") are independent toxins. Class B proteins ("Protein B") and Class C proteins ("Protein C") enhance the toxicity of Class A proteins. Examples of Class A proteins are TcbA, TcdA, XptA1, and XptA2. Examples of Class B proteins are TcaC, TcdB, XptB1Xb, and XptC1Wi. Examples of class C proteins are TccC, XptC1Xb, and XptB1Wi. Pesticide proteins also include spider, snake, and scorpion venom proteins. Examples of spider venom peptides include, but are not limited to, lycotoxin-1 peptide and its mutants (U.S. Pat. No. 8,334,366).

[0225] Other transgenes that confer insect resistance can downregulate the expression of a target gene in an insect pest species by interfering with ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules (via RNA interference). RNA interference refers to the process of sequence-specific post-transcriptional gene silencing in animals mediated by short interfering RNA (siRNA) (Fire et al., (1998) Nature 391:806). RNAi transgenes can include, but are not limited to, expression of dsRNA, siRNA, miRNA, iRNA, antisense RNA, or sense RNA molecules that downregulate the expression of a target gene in an insect pest. PCT Publication WO 2007 / 074405 describes methods for inhibiting the expression of a target gene in an invertebrate pest, including the Colorado potato beetle. PCT Publication WO 2005 / 110068 describes methods for inhibiting the expression of a target gene in an invertebrate pest, particularly including the western corn rootworm, as a means of controlling insect infestation. Additionally, PCT Publication WO 2009 / 091864 describes compositions and methods for inhibiting target genes from insect pest species, including pests from the genus Lygus.

[0226] RNAi transgenes are provided for targeting the vacuolar ATPase H subunit and can be used to control coleopteran pest populations and infestations as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012 / 0198586. PCT Publication WO 2012 / 055982 describes ribonucleic acids (RNA or double-stranded RNA) that inhibit or downregulate the expression of target genes encoding: insect ribosomal proteins, such as ribosomal protein L19, ribosomal protein L40, or ribosomal protein S27A; insect proteasome subunits, such as Rpn6 protein, Pros 25, Rpn2 protein, proteasome β1 subunit protein, or Prosβ2 protein; insect COPI vesicle β-coat body, COPI vesicle γ-coat body, COPI vesicle β'-coat body protein, or ζ-coat body; insect tetraspanine 2A protein (putative transmembrane domain protein); insect proteins belonging to the actin family, such as actin 5C; insect ubiquitin-5E protein; insect Sec23 protein, which is a GTPase activator involved in intracellular protein transport; insect crinkled protein, which is an unconventional myosin involved in motor activity. protein); insect twisted neck proteins involved in regulation of nuclear alternative mRNA splicing; insect vesicular H+-ATPase G-subunit proteins and insect Tbp-1, such as Tat binding proteins. PCT Publication WO 2007 / 035650 describes ribonucleic acids (RNA or double-stranded RNA) that inhibit or downregulate the expression of target genes encoding Snf7. U.S. Patent Application Publication 2011 / 0054007 describes polynucleotide silencing elements targeting RPS10. PCT Publication WO 2016 / 205445 describes polynucleotide silencing elements and target polynucleotides that reduce fertility, including NCLB, MAEL, BOULE, and VgR. U.S. Patent Application Publications 2014 / 0275208 and US 2015 / 0257389 describe polynucleotide silencing elements targeting RyanR (DvSSJ1) and PAT3. PCT Publications WO / 2016 / 138106, WO 2016 / 060911, WO 2016 / 060912, WO 2016 / 060913, and WO 2016 / 060914 describe polynucleotide silencing elements that target COPI coat subunit nucleic acid molecules that confer resistance to coleopteran and hemipteran pests.U.S. Patent Application Publications 2012 / 029750, US20120297501, and 2012 / 0322660 describe interfering ribonucleic acids (RNA or double-stranded RNA) that act when ingested by an insect pest species to downregulate expression of a target gene in the insect pest, wherein the RNA comprises at least one silencing element, wherein the silencing element is a double-stranded RNA region comprising annealed complementary strands, one strand of the double-stranded RNA region comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence that is at least partially complementary to a target nucleotide sequence in the target gene. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012 / 0164205 describes potential targets for interfering with double-stranded RNA to inhibit invertebrate pests, including: Chd3 homology sequence, β-tubulin homology sequence, 40 kDa V-ATPase homology sequence, EF1α homology sequence, 26S protein body subunit p28 homology sequence, juvenile hormone epoxidase hydrolase homology sequence, swelling-dependent chloride channel protein homology sequence, glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase protein homology sequence, Act42A protein homology sequence, ADP-ribosyl factor 1 homology sequence, transcription factor IIB protein homology sequence, chitinase homology sequence, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme homology sequence, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase homology sequence, ubiquitin B homology sequence, juvenile hormone esterase homolog, and α-tubulin homology sequence.

[0227] The molecule F1 can be used with seeds having such traits and with seeds not having such traits.

[0228] Formula 1 can be applied to the leaves and / or fruiting parts of plants to control pests. Such molecules will come into direct contact with the pests, or the pests will consume such molecules when eating the plants or when absorbing the juice or other nutrients of the plants.

[0229] Formula 1 can also be applied to the soil, and when applied in this manner, can control root and stem feeding pests. The roots can absorb such molecules, thereby transporting them upward to the leaf portions of the plant to control chewing pests and sap feeding pests above the ground.

[0230] The systemic movement of pesticides in plants can be exploited to control pests on one part of a plant by applying (e.g., by spraying the site) the molecules of Formula One to different parts of the plant. For example, control of foliar-feeding insects can be achieved by drip irrigation or furrow application, by treating the soil with, for example, a pre-planting or post-planting soil drench, or by treating plant seeds prior to planting.

[0231] Formula 1 can be used together with baits and attractants. Generally, for baits, the bait is placed on the ground, such as where termites can contact the bait and / or be attracted to the bait. The bait can also be applied to the surface (horizontal, vertical or inclined surface) of a building, such as where ants, termites, cockroaches and flies can contact the bait and / or be attracted to the bait.

[0232] Formula 1 can be encapsulated inside a capsule or placed on the surface of a capsule. The size of the capsule can range from nanometer size (about 100-900 nanometers in diameter) to micrometer size (about 10-900 micrometers in diameter).

[0233] Formula 1 can be applied to the eggs of pests. Due to the unique ability of some pests' eggs to resist certain pesticides, it may be desirable to repeat the application of such molecules to control newly emerged larvae.

[0234] Formula one can be used as seed treatment agent.Seed treatment agent can be applied to all types of seeds, including the seeds that will sprout from it of plants that are genetically modified to express specific traits.Representative examples include those expressing proteins or other insecticidal toxins that are toxic to invertebrate harmful organisms (such as bacillus thuringiensis), those expressing herbicide tolerance (such as "Roundup Ready" seeds), or those with "stacked" exogenous genes expressing insecticidal toxins, herbicide tolerance, nutritional enhancement, drought resistance or any other beneficial traits.In addition, such seed treatment agents with formula one can further enhance the ability of plants to better withstand stress growth conditions.This results in healthier and more vigorous plants, which can result in higher yields at harvest time. Typically, about 0.0025 mg of the formula per seed to about 2.0 mg of the formula per seed is useful, about 0.01 mg of the formula per seed to about 1.75 mg of the formula per seed is useful, 0.1 mg of the formula per seed to about 1.5 mg of the formula per seed is useful, 0.25 mg of the formula per seed to about 0.75 mg of the formula per seed is useful. Typically, about 0.5 mg of the formula per seed is useful.

[0235] Formula 1 can be used together with one or more active ingredients in a soil improver.

[0236] Formula 1 can be used for preventing and treating internal and external parasites in the field of veterinary medicine or in the field of non-human animal breeding. Such molecules can be applied in the following ways: oral administration in the form of tablets, capsules, beverages, granules, transdermal application in the form of dipping, spraying, pouring, spotting and dusting, and parenteral administration in the form of injections.

[0237] Formula 1 can also be advantageously used in livestock farming, such as cattle, chickens, geese, goats, pigs, sheep and turkeys. They can also be advantageously used in pets, such as horses, dogs and cats. Specific harmful organisms to be controlled can be flies, fleas, and ticks that are annoying to such animals. Suitable formulations are orally administered to animals together with drinking water or diet. Suitable dosages and formulations depend on the species.

[0238] Formula 1 can also be used to control parasites in the animals listed above (especially in the intestines).

[0239] Formula 1 can also be applied to invasive pests. Pests all over the world have migrated to new environments (for such pests) and have since become new invasive species in such new environments. Such molecules can also be used for such new invasive species to control them in such new environments.

[0240] Plant viruses cause an estimated $60 billion in crop yield losses worldwide each year. Many plant viruses need to be spread by vectors, most often insects, examples of which are leaf springtails and plant hoppers. However, it has also been shown that nematodes can spread viruses. Nematodes spread plant viruses by feeding on roots. Formula 1 can also be applied to plants to suppress harmful organisms carrying plant viruses, so that this reduces the chance of such plant viruses spreading from harmful organisms to plants.

[0241] Therefore, in view of the above, the following additional non-exhaustive details (D) are provided.

[0242] 1D. A composition comprising:

[0243] (a) A molecule having formula 1 (F1)

[0244]

[0245] (b) A second active ingredient ("2AI").

[0246] 2D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is avermectin.

[0247] 3D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is chlorfenapyr.

[0248] 4D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is acetamiprid.

[0249] 5D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is acequinoxaline.

[0250] 6D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is acralthrin.

[0251] 7D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is diprofenocic acid.

[0252] 8D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is afoxolamide.

[0253] 9D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is allethrin.

[0254] 10D. The composition of 1D, wherein the 2AI is allicin.

[0255] 11D. The composition of 1D, wherein the 2AI is allomicin.

[0256] 12D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is α-cypermethrin.

[0257] 13D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is amitraz.

[0258] 14D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is a neonicotinoid.

[0259] 15D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is azadirachtin.

[0260] 16D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is azinphos-methyl.

[0261] 17D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is fumitrin.

[0262] 18D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is benzothiophene.

[0263] 19D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is benfuracarb.

[0264] 20D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is sulfanilamide.

[0265] 21D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is benzathine.

[0266] 22D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is a benzopyrimidine.

[0267] 23D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is β-cyfluthrin.

[0268] 24D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is β-cypermethrin.

[0269] 25D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is bifenazate.

[0270] 26D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is bifenthrin.

[0271] 27D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is bio-allethrin S-cyclopentenyl.

[0272] 28D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is bio-allethrin.

[0273] 29D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is resmethrin.

[0274] 30D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is biopermethrin.

[0275] 31D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is bioresmethrin.

[0276] 32D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is bistrifluan.

[0277] 33D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is trimethoprim-sulfuron.

[0278] 34D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is brofenac.

[0279] 35D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is flumethrin.

[0280] 36D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is bromothrin.

[0281] 37D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is bromofen.

[0282] 38D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is thiazide.

[0283] 39D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is carbaryl.

[0284] 40D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is carbofuran.

[0285] 41D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is Batan.

[0286] 42D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is a mite killer.

[0287] 43D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is chlorantraniliprole.

[0288] 44D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is diflubenzuron.

[0289] 45D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is chlordimeform.

[0290] 46D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is chlorfenapyr.

[0291] 47D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is chlorfenapyr.

[0292] 48D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is chlorfenapyr.

[0293] 49D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is chlorfenapyr.

[0294] 50D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is chlorpyrifos.

[0295] 51D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is chlorpyrifos-methyl.

[0296] 52D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is chlorfenapyr.

[0297] 53D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is cucurbitacin.

[0298] 54D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is cis-resmethrin.

[0299] 55D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is clofentezine.

[0300] 56D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is closantel.

[0301] 57D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is clothianidin.

[0302] 58D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is copper oleate.

[0303] 59D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is crotamiton.

[0304] 60D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is cryolite.

[0305] 61D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is cyantraniliprole.

[0306] 62D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is bromofenac.

[0307] 63D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is cyclopyrimidine.

[0308] 64D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is trifluridine.

[0309] 65D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is cypermethrin.

[0310] 66D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is cycloheximide.

[0311] 67D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is cypermethrin.

[0312] 68D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is cyfluthrin.

[0313] 69D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is cyfluthrin.

[0314] 70D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is chloranil.

[0315] 71D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is cyhalothrin.

[0316] 72D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is tricyclotin.

[0317] 73D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is cypermethrin.

[0318] 74D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is cypermethrin.

[0319] 75D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is cypermethrin [(1R)-trans isomer].

[0320] 76D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is cyromazine.

[0321] 77D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is pyridamole.

[0322] 78D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is dazomethane.

[0323] 79D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is DBCP.

[0324] 80D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is DCIP.

[0325] 81D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is dextrorotatory cis-trans-allethrin.

[0326] 82D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is deltamethrin.

[0327] 83D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is demeton-S.

[0328] 84D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is DFDT.

[0329] 85D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is diafenthiuron.

[0330] 86D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is diazinon.

[0331] 87D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is dichlorvos.

[0332] 88D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is dichlorothiazide.

[0333] 89D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is dicofol.

[0334] 90D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is chloranil.

[0335] 91D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is fluazifop.

[0336] 92D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is diflubenzuron.

[0337] 93D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is transfluthrin.

[0338] 94D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is dimethoate.

[0339] 95D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is methoprene.

[0340] 96D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is chloranil.

[0341] 97D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is propanol.

[0342] 98D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is pentanedrol.

[0343] 99D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is dinotefuran.

[0344] 100D. The composition of 1D, wherein the 2AI is fenpropimorph.

[0345] 101D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is d-limonene.

[0346] 102D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is DNOC.

[0347] 103D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is doramectin.

[0348] 104D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is d-trans-allethrin.

[0349] 105D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is ecdysterone.

[0350] 106D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is emamectin benzoate.

[0351] 107D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is avermectin.

[0352] 108D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is ethynathrin.

[0353] 109D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is ethynethrin [(EZ)-(1R)-isomer].

[0354] 110D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is endosulfan.

[0355] 111D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is a prothioether.

[0356] 112D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is eprinomectin.

[0357] 113D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is ε-methofluthrin.

[0358] 114D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is ε-mofluanid.

[0359] 115D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is cypermethrin.

[0360] 116D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is ethion.

[0361] 117D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is ethiprole.

[0362] 118D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is dibromoethylene.

[0363] 119D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is ethofenprox.

[0364] 120D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is etoxazole.

[0365] 121D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is EXD.

[0366] 122D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is fenamiphos.

[0367] 123D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is fenazaquin.

[0368] 124D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is fenbutatin.

[0369] 125D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is fenitrothion.

[0370] 126D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is fosamil.

[0371] 127D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is fenoxycarb.

[0372] 128D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is cypermethrin.

[0373] 129D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is cypermethrin.

[0374] 130D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is fenpyroximate.

[0375] 131D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is fenvalerate.

[0376] 132D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is fipronil.

[0377] 133D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is fluoromethoxyquinoline.

[0378] 134D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is flonicamid.

[0379] 135D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is pyrimidifen.

[0380] 136D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is trifluramide.

[0381] 137D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is flubendiamide.

[0382] 138D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is fluazifop-butyl.

[0383] 139D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is flufenac.

[0384] 140D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is flucythrinate.

[0385] 141D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is fluthiazolin.

[0386] 142D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is flufenacet.

[0387] 143D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is flubendiamide.

[0388] 144D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is trifluthrin.

[0389] 145D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is butene fipronil.

[0390] 146D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is fluhexifene.

[0391] 147D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is flumethrin.

[0392] 148D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is flupyralidone.

[0393] 149D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is a fluoropyrimidine.

[0394] 150D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is fluralanol.

[0395] 151D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is fluorosulfonamide.

[0396] 152D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is fluvalinate.

[0397] 153D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is fluoxetine amide.

[0398] 154D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is chloranthate.

[0399] 155D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is carbendazim.

[0400] 156D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is thiathiazolyl.

[0401] 157D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is ethiprole.

[0402] 158D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is furanfenopsid.

[0403] 159D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is pyrethroid.

[0404] 160D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is furfural.

[0405] 161D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is gamma-cyhalothrin.

[0406] 162D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is benzylfen.

[0407] 163D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is chlorfenapyr.

[0408] 164D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is d-tefothrin.

[0409] 165D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is hexaflumuron.

[0410] 166D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is hexathiazox.

[0411] 167D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is hydrazone.

[0412] 168D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is methoprene.

[0413] 169D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is neonicotinoids.

[0414] 170D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is imidacloprid.

[0415] 171D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is chlorothiazide.

[0416] 172D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is imiprolin.

[0417] 173D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is indoxacarb.

[0418] 174D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is chlorfenapyr.

[0419] 175D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is isoxathiapiprolin.

[0420] 176D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is isoprocarb.

[0421] 177D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is rice blastifungin.

[0422] 178D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is isoxathiophos.

[0423] 179D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is ivermectin.

[0424] 180D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is jasmonate I.

[0425] 181D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is jasmonate II.

[0426] 182D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is sulfenhydrylhydrazone.

[0427] 183D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is juvenile hormone I.

[0428] 184D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is juvenile hormone II.

[0429] 185D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is juvenile hormone III.

[0430] 186D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is thiamethoxam.

[0431] 187D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is cypermethrin.

[0432] 188D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is kappa-bifenthrin.

[0433] 189D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is kappa-tefluthrin.

[0434] 190D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is methoprene.

[0435] 191D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is λ-cyhalothrin.

[0436] 192D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is lepidomicil.

[0437] 193D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is lotirana.

[0438] 194D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is lufenuron.

[0439] 195D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is malathion.

[0440] 196D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is maltodextrin.

[0441] 197D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is matrine.

[0442] 198D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is mitramiconazole.

[0443] 199D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is metaflumizone.

[0444] 200D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is snail enemy.

[0445] 201D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is methyl parathion.

[0446] 202D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is methidathion.

[0447] 203D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is methomyl.

[0448] 204D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is methoxyfenozide.

[0449] 205D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is methyl isothiocyanate.

[0450] 206D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is metofluthrin.

[0451] 207D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is oxadiazine.

[0452] 208D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is acaricide.

[0453] 209D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is milbemycin oxime.

[0454] 210D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is monocrotophos.

[0455] 211D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is moxidectin.

[0456] 212D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is niclosamide.

[0457] 213D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is difluanid.

[0458] 214D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is nitenpyram.

[0459] 215D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is nitrothiazide.

[0460] 216D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is nornicotine.

[0461] 217D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is a fluorourea.

[0462] 218D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is polyflunisal.

[0463] 219D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is omethoate.

[0464] 220D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is oxamyl.

[0465] 221D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is oxazole sulfide.

[0466] 222D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is sulfone dephosphonium.

[0467] 223D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is parathion.

[0468] 224D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is methyl parathion.

[0469] 225D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is permethrin.

[0470] 226D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is phorate.

[0471] 227D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is phosphamide.

[0472] 228D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is pirimicarb.

[0473] 229D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is pirimiphos-ethyl.

[0474] 230D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is pirimiphos-methyl.

[0475] 231D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is precocious hormone I.

[0476] 232D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is precocious hormone II.

[0477] 233D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is precocious hormone III.

[0478] 234D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is bromofos.

[0479] 235D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is propargite.

[0480] 236D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is propoxur.

[0481] 237D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is propylthiophos.

[0482] 238D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is flubutamide.

[0483] 239D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is pymetrozine.

[0484] 240D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is pyraclostrobin.

[0485] 241D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is pyrethrin I.

[0486] 242D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is pyrethrin II.

[0487] 243D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is a pyrethrin (pyrethrum).

[0488] 244D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is a pyrethroid.

[0489] 245D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is pyridaben.

[0490] 246D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is pyridalyl.

[0491] 247D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is flubendiamide.

[0492] 248D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is pyrimidifen.

[0493] 249D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is pyraclostrobin.

[0494] 250D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is pyriproxyfen.

[0495] 251D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is quinalphos.

[0496] 252D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is iodine.

[0497] 253D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is renafunin.

[0498] 254D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is resmethrin.

[0499] 255D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is thiatoxin-III.

[0500] 256D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is rotenone.

[0501] 257D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is nicotine.

[0502] 258D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is veratridine.

[0503] 259D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is sanguinarine.

[0504] 260D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is saulana.

[0505] 261D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is selamectin.

[0506] 262D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is monocarboxamidine.

[0507] 263D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is flusilathrin.

[0508] 264D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is sodium thiocyanate.

[0509] 265D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is spinetoram.

[0510] 266D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is spinosad.

[0511] 267D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is spirodiclofen.

[0512] 268D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is spiromesifen.

[0513] 269D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is ethyl thiophene.

[0514] 270D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is spirotetramat.

[0515] 271D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is sulfafenamide.

[0516] 272D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is sulfluramid.

[0517] 273D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is sulfoxaflor.

[0518] 274D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is a thioxime ether.

[0519] 275D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is τ-fluvalinate.

[0520] 276D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is tebufenozide.

[0521] 277D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is tebufenpyrad.

[0522] 278D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is fenfluramide.

[0523] 279D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is tefluthrin.

[0524] 280D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is dimethoate.

[0525] 281D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is terbuthion.

[0526] 282D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is tetrachlorvinphos.

[0527] 283D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is fenvalerate.

[0528] 284D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is tetramethrin.

[0529] 285D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is tetramethrin [(1R)-isomer].

[0530] 286D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is perfluthrin.

[0531] 287D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is flubendiamide.

[0532] 288D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is θ-cypermethrin.

[0533] 289D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is thiacloprid.

[0534] 290D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is thiamethoxam.

[0535] 291D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is thiapropionitrile.

[0536] 292D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is an insecticide ring.

[0537] 293D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is thiodicarb.

[0538] 294D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is disulfothion-methyl.

[0539] 295D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is cypermethrin.

[0540] 296D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is dimehypo.

[0541] 297D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is thuringin.

[0542] 298D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is teixoxaphene.

[0543] 299D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is oxime.

[0544] 300D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is tolfenpyrad.

[0545] 301D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is cypermethrin.

[0546] 302D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is tralomethrin.

[0547] 303D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is transfluthrin.

[0548] 304D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is trans-permethrin.

[0549] 305D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is fenvalerate.

[0550] 306D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is triazophos.

[0551] 307D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is trichlorfon.

[0552] 308D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is trifluridine.

[0553] 309D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is triflumuron.

[0554] 310D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is triptolide.

[0555] 311D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is chlorpyrifos.

[0556] 312D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is valerate.

[0557] 313D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is fluazifop-dopamine.

[0558] 314D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is hydrazine.

[0559] 315D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is ζ-cypermethrin.

[0560] 316D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is α-ecdysone.

[0561] 317D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from AIGA.

[0562] 318D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from: acaricides, algaecides, antifeedants, aviicides, bactericides, bird repellents, chemosterilants, fungicides, herbicide safeners, herbicides, insect attractants, insect repellents, insecticides, mammal repellents, mating disruptors, molluscicides, nematicides, plant activators, plant health stimulants or promoters, nitrification inhibitors, plant growth regulators, rodenticides, synergists, and virucides.

[0563] 319D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from AIGA-2.

[0564] 320D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from AIGA-3.

[0565] 321D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is a biopesticide.

[0566] 322D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors.

[0567] 323D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from GABA-gated chloride channel blockers.

[0568] 324D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from sodium channel modulators.

[0569] 324D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulator.

[0570] 325D. A composition according to any of the preceding details, further comprising an AI selected from nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators - site I.

[0571] 325D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from glutamate-gated chloride channel (GLUCL) allosteric modulators.

[0572] 326D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from juvenile hormone mimetics.

[0573] 327D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from other non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors.

[0574] 328D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from sound-responsive organ TRPV channel modulators.

[0575] 329D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from a mite growth inhibitor.

[0576] 330D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes.

[0577] 331D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase.

[0578] 332D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via perturbation of the proton gradient.

[0579] 333D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers.

[0580] 334D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from a type 0 chitin biosynthesis inhibitor.

[0581] 335D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from a type 1 chitin biosynthesis inhibitor.

[0582] 336D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from dipteran insect molting disruptors.

[0583] 337D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from an ecdysone receptor agonist.

[0584] 338D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from octopamine receptor agonists.

[0585] 339D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors.

[0586] 340D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors.

[0587] 341D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers.

[0588] 342D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase.

[0589] 343D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors.

[0590] 345D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors.

[0591] 346D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from ryanodine receptor modulators.

[0592] 347D. The composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from sound-responsive organ modulators - undefined target sites.

[0593] 348D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulators.

[0594] 349D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from a baculovirus.

[0595] 350D. A composition according to any of the preceding details, further comprising a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulator - site II.

[0596] 351D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from group UN.

[0597] 352D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from group UNB.

[0598] 353D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from group UNE.

[0599] 354D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from group UNF.

[0600] 355D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is selected from group UNM.

[0601] 356D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is a fungicide.

[0602] 357D. A composition according to ID, wherein the 2AI is a herbicide.

[0603] 358D. The seed treatment composition of ID, wherein the 2AI is azoxystrobin, and wherein the composition may optionally comprise one or more AIs selected from AIGA.

[0604] 359D. The seed treatment composition of 358D, wherein the one or more AIs are selected from fludioxonil, metalaxyl-M, fluazifop-butyl, fluopicolide, fipronil, pyraclostrobin, thiophanate-methyl, fluazinam, metalaxyl-M, thiabendazole, fluopicolide, fluoxastrobin, imidacloprid, tebuconazole, metalaxyl and thiodicarb.

[0605] 360D. A seed treated with the seed treatment composition according to 358D or 359D, wherein the seed may optionally be a genetically modified seed.

[0606] 361D. A composition according to any of the preceding details, wherein the weight ratio of (a) the molecule having formula one (F1) to (b) the second active ingredient is from about 1000:1 to about 1:1000 or from about 100:1 to about 1:100.

[0607] 362D. A composition according to any of the preceding details, wherein the weight ratio of (a) the molecule having formula one (F1) to (b) the second active ingredient is from about 50:1 to about 1:50.

[0608] 363D. A composition according to any of the preceding details, wherein the weight ratio of (a) the molecule having formula one (F1) to (b) the second active ingredient is from about 20:1 to about 1:20.

[0609] 364D. A composition according to any of the preceding details, wherein the weight ratio of (a) the molecule having formula one (F1) to (b) the second active ingredient is from about 10:1 to about 1:10.

[0610] 365D. A composition according to any of the preceding details, wherein the weight ratio of (a) the molecule having formula one (F1) to (b) the second active ingredient is from about 5:1 to about 1:5.

[0611] 366D. A composition according to any of the preceding details, wherein the weight ratio of (a) the molecule having formula one (F1) to (b) the second active ingredient is from about 3:1 to about 1:3.

[0612] 367D. A composition according to any of the preceding details, wherein the weight ratio of (a) the molecule having formula one (F1) to (b) the second active ingredient is from about 2:1 to about 1:2.

[0613] 368D. A composition according to any of the preceding details, wherein the weight ratio of (a) the molecule having formula one (F1) to (b) the second active ingredient is about 1:1.

[0614] 369D. A composition according to any one of the foregoing details, wherein the weight ratio of (a) the molecule having formula (F1) to (b) the second active ingredient is X:Y; where X is the weight part of the molecule having formula (F1) in (a) and Y is the weight part of the second active ingredient in (b); further wherein the numerical range of the weight part of X is 0 < X ≤ 100 and the numerical range of the weight part of Y is 0 < Y ≤ 100; and further wherein X and Y are selected from Table 4.

[0615] 370D. A method for controlling pests, the method comprising applying to a locus a pesticidally effective amount of a composition according to any one of the foregoing details 1D to 369D.

[0616] 371.5D. The method according to detail 370D, wherein the pest is the raspberry spittlebug or the brown planthopper or both.

[0617] 371D. The method according to detail 370D, wherein the pest is selected from the group consisting of: ants, aphids, bed bugs, beetles, borers, caterpillars, cockroaches, crickets, earwigs, fleas, flies, grasshoppers, maggots, leafhoppers, lice, locusts, mirids, maggots, mealybugs, mites, mosquitoes, nematodes, planthoppers, psyllids, rootworms, sawflies, scale insects, woodworms, slugs, snails, spiders, springtails, stink bugs, symphylans, termites, thrips, ticks, wasps, whiteflies, grubs, and horsehair worms.

[0618] 372D. The method according to detail 370D, wherein the pest is a sap-sucking pest.

[0619] 373D. The method according to detail 370D, wherein the pest is a chewing pest.

[0620] 374D. The method according to detail 370D, wherein the composition is applied to the soil.

[0621] 375D. The method according to detail 370D, wherein the composition is applied to the leaf part of a plant.

[0622] 376D. The method according to detail 370D, wherein rice, bananas, corn, coffee beans, soybeans, cotton, nuts, peanuts, potatoes, sorghum, sugarcane, canola, tea plants, grapes, turf, ornamental plants, wheat, barley, alfalfa, tree fruits, tropical fruit trees, oil palms, cultivated crops, or other fruit trees or vegetables are growing in the locus.

[0623] 377D. A composition according to detail 360D, wherein the seed is a cotton seed, a sunflower seed, a rice seed, a sugar beet seed, a rapeseed seed, a corn seed, a wheat seed, a barley seed, a millet seed, a sorghum seed, a buckwheat seed, an oat seed, a rye seed, a soybean seed, or a quinoa seed.

[0624] 378D. A seed treatment composition comprising

[0625] (a) A molecule having formula 1 (F1)

[0626]

[0627] (b) A second active ingredient or combination of second active ingredients ("2AI").

[0628] 379D. A composition according to 378D, wherein the 2AI is

[0629] (1) Avermectin;

[0630] (2) Acibenzolar-S-methyl;

[0631] (3) azoxystrobin;

[0632] (4) a combination of azoxystrobin, fludioxonil, metalaxyl-M and fluazifop-butyl;

[0633] (5) a combination of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma virens;

[0634] (6) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MB600;

[0635] (7) Bacillus firmus I-1582;

[0636] (8) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain PTA-4838;

[0637] (9) Soybean Rhizobium;

[0638] (10) Brevirhizobium species;

[0639] (11) Brofenac;

[0640] (12) Chlorantraniliprole

[0641] (13) A combination of chlorantraniliprole and fluopyram;

[0642] (14) A combination of chlorotraniliprole, fluazifop-butyl, ipconazole and picoxystrobin;

[0643] (15) Clothianidin;

[0644] (16) A combination of clothianidin and Bacillus firmus I-1582;

[0645] (17) A combination of clothianidin, Bacillus firmus I-1582 and Bacillus thuringiensis;

[0646] (18) A combination of clothianidin, fluopyram and fluoxastrobin;

[0647] (19) A combination of clothianidin, penflufenacil, trifloxystrobin and metalaxyl;

[0648] (20) cyantraniliprole;

[0649] (21) a combination of cyantraniliprole and thiamethoxam;

[0650] (22) difenoconazole;

[0651] (23) Combination of difenoconazole and metalaxyl-M;

[0652] (24) Enoylmorpholine;

[0653] (25) ethaboxam;

[0654] (26) Fludioxonil;

[0655] (27) A combination of fludioxonil and metalaxyl-M,

[0656] (28) a combination of fludioxonil, metalaxyl-M, azoxystrobin and thiabendazole;

[0657] (29) a combination of fluopyram and fluoxastrobin;

[0658] (30) Fluopyram;

[0659] (31) Fluoropyranone;

[0660] (32) Fluopyrabactam;

[0661] (33) Methoxazolidinone;

[0662] (34) Imidacloprid;

[0663] (35) a combination of imidacloprid, metalaxyl and tebuconazole;

[0664] (36) a combination of imidacloprid, tebuconazole, metalaxyl and fludioxonil;

[0665] (37) a combination of imidacloprid and thiodicarb;

[0666] (38) phytoconazole;

[0667] (39) Combination of ipconazole and metalaxyl;

[0668] (40) A combination of ioconazole, metalaxyl and imidacloprid;

[0669] (41) Metalaxyl;

[0670] (42) A combination of metalaxyl-M, thiabendazole, and fludioxonil;

[0671] (43) Cyclofoxanil;

[0672] (44) Metalaxyl;

[0673] (45) A combination of metalaxyl, fluopicolide and pyraclostrobin;

[0674] (46) Methiocarb;

[0675] (47) Methoxyfenozide;

[0676] (48) Myclobutanil;

[0677] (49) Fluthiazolinone;

[0678] (50) A combination of fluthiazolin, picoxystrobin and ipconazole;

[0679] (51) picoxystrobin;

[0680] (52) a combination of prothioconazole and metalaxyl;

[0681] (53) a combination of prothioconazole, trifloxystrobin and metalaxyl;

[0682] (54) Pyraclostrobin;

[0683] (55) A combination of pyraclostrobin, fluopicolide, trichlorfon and metalaxyl;

[0684] (56) Fluoxetine;

[0685] (57) Ethyl spinosad;

[0686] (58) Spinosad;

[0687] (59) Sulfoxaflor;

[0688] (60) Tebuconazole;

[0689] (61) A combination of tebuconazole, prothioconazole and metalaxyl;

[0690] (62) Tefluthrin;

[0691] (63) Thiamethoxam;

[0692] (64) a combination of thiamethoxam, difenoconazole, metalaxyl-M, fludioxonil, and fluazifop-butyl;

[0693] (65) Combination of thiamethoxam, fludioxonil and metalaxyl-M;

[0694] (66) A combination of thiamethoxam, metalaxyl-M, and difenoconazole;

[0695] (67) Thiram;

[0696] (68) Teoxathiapiprolin; or

[0697] (69) Trifluridine.

[0698] 380D. A composition according to 379D, wherein the 2AI is

[0699] (1) Fenpixamil;

[0700] (2) fluazifop-butyl;

[0701] (3) one or more members of FGK-1;

[0702] (4) one or more members of FGK-2;

[0703] (5) FGK-3;

[0704] (6) FGK-4; or

[0705] (7) Any combination of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

[0706] The headings in this document are for convenience only and shall not be used to construe any part thereof.

[0707] The table section is as follows. It contains tables B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, C1, C2 and C3.

[0708]

[0709]

[0710]

[0711]

[0712]

[0713]

[0714]

[0715]

[0716]

Claims

1. A composition comprising: (a) A molecule having formula 1 (F1) Formula 1, also called F1, and (b) a second active ingredient ("2AI") selected from the group consisting of: anisiflupurin, quintrione, beta-cyfluthrin, clofosaminoglycan, cyprodinil, deltamethrin, pyridazione, epyrifenacil, fenmezoditiaz, fenpyraclostrobin, flufenoxadiazam, flumetylsulforim, fluoxytioconazole, indazapyroxamet, metaylpicoxamid, nicofluprole, rimisoxafen, spidoxamat, spirobudicin, flucyantamide, sulfinamide and trifluproline.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is fluorophenyladenine.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is quintrione.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is chloroindole hydrazide.

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is ciprofloxacin.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is pyridazitrazone.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is fluazifop-butyl.

8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is fenthiazole.

9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is fenpyrad.

10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is flubendiamide.

11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is trifloxystrobin.

12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is fomesulfuron.

13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is fluopyram.

14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is indoxamide.

15. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is pyridoxamide.

16. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is tolfenpyrad.

17. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is pyrimidine-oxazolidinone.

18. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is octamidine.

19. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is Dispira.

20. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is spirobudiclofen.

21. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is thiobencarb.

22. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is trifloxystrobin.

23. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is beta-cyfluthrin.

24. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is deltamethrin.

25. The composition of claim 1, wherein the 2AI is flubendiamide.

26. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the weight ratio of (a) the molecule of formula one (F1) to (b) the second active ingredient is from 10000:1 to 1:10000.

27. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the weight ratio of (a) the molecule of formula one (F1) to (b) the second active ingredient is 1:1.

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