A dual-coil micro-nano soft-magnetic and hard-magnetic particle composite magnetic control enhanced 3D printing device and method

Abstract

The application relates to a double-coil micro-nano soft-magnetic and hard-magnetic particle composite magnetic control enhanced 3D printing device and a method thereof. The device comprises a magnetic composite material, a driving wheel, a pulse magnetizing coil, a constant-field magnetizing coil, a ceramic heating ring, a nozzle and a hot bed. The application adopts an innovative two-stage synergistic regulation strategy, that is, a technical means combining solid-state pre-magnetization and melt constant-field orientation, and precisely controls different magnetic properties of soft-magnetic particles and hard-magnetic neodymium-iron-boron particles. In the printing process, by regulating the magnetic field intensity of the pulse magnetizing coil and the constant-field magnetizing coil, the directional arrangement of the soft-magnetic and hard-magnetic particles is realized, and the efficient arrangement of the reinforcing materials such as carbon fibers is driven. This significantly improves the mechanical properties of the printed structure in the particle arrangement direction. By accurately matching the dynamic magnetic field intensity and the hot bed temperature, the application ensures that the magnetic composite material realizes high-precision arrangement in the whole process of conveying, extruding and the like, so that a complex part with excellent mechanical properties is printed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of 3D printing technology, specifically to a dual-coil micro / nano soft and hard magnetic particle composite magnetron-enhanced 3D printing device and method. Background Technology

[0002] In traditional 3D printing technology for magnetically responsive materials, a single magnetizing coil is often used to induce the orientation of magnetic particles through a magnetic field. The typical process involves generating a momentary or pulsed magnetic field through the coil during the heating and extrusion of molten material in the print head, causing the magnetic particles to initially align along the magnetic field direction in a liquid or semi-solid state. However, this single-coil magnetization scheme has significant drawbacks: First, limited by the internal space of the print head and thermal management requirements, the coil's magnetic field has a short duration and limited intensity, resulting in insufficient particle pre-alignment. Especially during material cooling and solidification, decreased fluidity further damages the already formed orientation structure. Second, the single magnetic field stage is usually applied only during extrusion, failing to address the dynamic control of the material throughout the entire process from solid to molten state. This leads to insufficient activation of the magnetic response characteristics of the particles during the solid pre-filling stage, and after melting, relying solely on a short-duration magnetic field makes high-precision alignment difficult. To address this issue, this invention proposes a dual-coil magnetizing print head. It can apply differentiated magnetic fields in stages throughout the entire process of material transport, phase change and extrusion. Through the dual effects of solid pre-magnetization and precise orientation in the molten state, it overcomes the limitations of the magnetic field effect of the single coil scheme and solves the problem of coordinated control of split systems, thereby improving the orientation accuracy and functional consistency of magnetic composite material printing. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of insufficient magnetic particle orientation accuracy and short magnetic field duration caused by a single magnetizing coil in traditional 3D printing. To improve the consistency of particle arrangement in magnetic composite consumables during the printing process and further enhance their mechanical properties, a dual-coil micro / nano soft and hard magnetic particle composite magnetron-enhanced 3D printing device was fabricated.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A dual-coil micro / nano soft and hard magnetic particle composite magnetron-enhanced 3D printing device is characterized by comprising a magnetic composite consumable, a throat, a drive wheel, a pulse magnetization module, a heat sink, a constant-field magnetization module, a ceramic heating ring, a nozzle, and a heated bed. The magnetic composite consumable is transported into the throat via the rotating drive wheel. The pulse magnetization module is installed above the heat sink and near the throat inlet. The constant-field magnetization module is installed below the heat sink and outside the ceramic heating ring. The ceramic heating ring is installed in the throat near the extrusion port and inside the constant-field magnetization module. The nozzle is installed below the throat.

[0006] The magnetic composite filament is composed of 300-500 mesh hard magnetic particles, soft magnetic particles, 300 mesh TPU, 300 mesh carbon fiber, and 300 mesh PLA polylactic acid particles mixed in a specific ratio. It is prepared into filaments with a diameter of 1.75 mm through a melt-mixing process. The magnetic particles provide magnetic properties and structural strength to the printed sample; the TPU allows the materials to be tightly bonded together; the carbon fiber improves the material's toughness; and the PLA polylactic acid particles can melt at high temperatures and rapidly solidify at low temperatures.

[0007] The drive wheel consists of two 15mm diameter synchronous pulleys with an inner diameter of 3mm, mounted on a connecting plate and controlled by a 42-stepper motor.

[0008] The pulse magnetization module is wound with 30-50 turns of thick copper enameled wire with a diameter of 0.8-1.2mm. When a pulse current of 300A is applied, a pulse magnetic field with a magnetic field strength of 3-4T is generated.

[0009] The constant field magnetization module is made of 0.4mm diameter fine copper wire with 800-1000 turns. Applying a constant current of 1-2A generates a stable magnetic field with an intensity of 2-8T.

[0010] Hard magnetic particles and soft magnetic particles. Hard magnetic particles have the characteristic of remanence. The pulsed magnetic field will make them retain their magnetic pole characteristics. For soft magnetic particles, the pulsed magnetic field will cause them to sway slightly, which will promote their adhesion to surrounding particles. The constant field magnetization module will enhance the arrangement and rotation of hard magnetic particles to drive the particles to align uniformly. For soft magnetic particles, it will make them stick to more particles to achieve uniform alignment.

[0011] The heat sink, made of brass, is installed below the pulse magnetization module and has a heat dissipation area of ​​≥200cm². 2 This is used to ensure that the temperature rise of the throat (6) is ≤15℃.

[0012] The ceramic heating ring is nested below the heat sink, with a heating power of 500-800W, a temperature control accuracy of ±2℃, and a heating temperature range of 160-220℃.

[0013] The nozzle is made of brass, with a diameter of 0.36-0.8mm, an inner wall roughness of ≤0.8μm, and an axial length of 30-40mm.

[0014] The heated bed is installed below the deposition platform and is made of silicon carbide crystal glass. The surface temperature is adjustable from 0 to 110℃, and the heating uniformity deviation is ≤ ±3℃, which helps the printed structure to solidify and form.

[0015] The operational steps for the dual-coil micro / nano soft and hard magnetic particle composite magnetron-enhanced 3D printing proposed in this invention are as follows:

[0016] S1: To prepare magnetic composite consumables, first mix PLA polylactic acid powder, TPU, carbon fiber, hard magnetic particles and soft magnetic particles according to the ratio and pour them into a stirrer. Cover and stir at 500 rpm for 10 minutes. After cooling for 5 minutes, take it out and pour it into a beaker.

[0017] S2: Start the internal mixer, set the preheating temperature to 160-170 degrees Celsius, and after preheating, pour the mixed powder into the internal mixer and set the extrusion speed of the internal mixer.

[0018] S3: Start the winding machine, turn on the cooling device at the end of the internal mixer, set the winding speed of the winding machine to be the same as the extrusion speed of the internal mixer, and produce magnetic composite consumables;

[0019] S4: Before printing begins, preheat the printer's melt to 200-220 degrees Celsius. Once the preset temperature is reached, clamp the magnetic composite filament between the drive wheels and transport it into the melt.

[0020] S5: Turn on the extrusion mode in the printer tool options to allow consumables to be extruded from the nozzle;

[0021] S6: Import the printed model slice data into the 3D printer and set the process parameters such as temperature and printing speed;

[0022] S7: The printing interface sets the magnetic domain direction and distribution of the printing model. If printing a single area with the same magnetic domain direction, if the direction of travel is the same as the magnetic domain direction of the double coil, material will be extruded. At the same time, a pulsed magnetic field and a constant magnetic field with the same magnetic pole direction will be applied. If the direction of travel is opposite to the magnetic domain direction, no material will be extruded and no magnetic field will be applied.

[0023] S8: Repeat S7 until the entire model is printed;

[0024] S9: After the part printing is completed and the heated bed is cooled to a safe temperature, remove the part. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This invention relates to a dual-coil micro / nano soft and hard magnetic particle composite magnetron enhanced 3D printing device.

[0026] Figure 2 This invention relates to a nozzle for a dual-coil micro / nano soft and hard magnetic particle composite magnetron-enhanced 3D printing device.

[0027] Figure 3 Structure diagram of complex parts printed by magnetron sputtering enhanced 3D printing using dual-coil micro / nano soft and hard magnetic particles.

[0028] Figure reference numerals: 1-Magnetic composite consumable, 2-Drive wheel, 3-Connecting plate, 4-Pulse magnetization module throat, 5-Heat sink, 6-Throat, 7-Ceramic heating ring, 8-Constant field magnetization module, 9-Nozzle, 10-Heated bed Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] like Figure 1 The illustrated device is a dual-coil micro / nano soft and hard magnetic particle composite magnetron-enhanced 3D printing apparatus. This apparatus prints magnetic composite consumables in a specific ratio using the composite magnetron-enhanced 3D printing apparatus, ultimately obtaining complex structures with excellent mechanical properties, such as... Figure 3 As shown. The raw materials for the magnetic composite consumables required in the printing process include hard magnetic particles, soft magnetic particles, TPU, carbon fiber, and PLA polylactic acid particles. The preparation process includes the following steps:

[0031] S1: Weigh 60g PLA powder, 25g soft magnetic Fe3O4 particles or 25g hard magnetic neodymium iron boron particles, 5g TPU, and 10g carbon fiber using a high-precision electronic scale.

[0032] S2: Pour the weighed material into a beaker, stir at room temperature, set the speed to 300 rpm, and stir for 15 minutes to mix it evenly.

[0033] S3: Pour the mixed materials into the internal mixer and set the temperature to 180-200℃.

[0034] S4: The refined consumables are wound using an automatic winding machine.

[0035] The present invention provides a method for printing a model using a dual-coil micro / nano soft and hard magnetic particle composite magnetron enhanced 3D printing method, the operation of which includes the following steps:

[0036] S1: The prepared magnetic composite consumables are transported into the melter by drive wheels.

[0037] S2: Adjust the stepper motor to drive the synchronous wheel so that material is extruded from the printer nozzle.

[0038] S3: Turn on the printer and perform automatic leveling. Set the printhead temperature to 200℃, the heated bed temperature to 60℃, the nozzle diameter to 0.2mm, and the print height to 0.2mm. Before printing begins, turn on the pulse magnetization module and the constant field magnetization module to apply pulses and a constant strong magnetic field to the material inside the throat.

[0039] S4: Click Start Printing until printing is complete.

[0040] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications without departing from the invention and its spirit, and all such modifications fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for magnetron-enhanced 3D printing of dual-coil micro / nano soft and hard magnetic particles, the specific steps of which are as follows: S1: Mix PLA polylactic acid powder, TPU, carbon fiber, hard magnetic particles, and soft magnetic particles according to the specified ratio and stir evenly; S2: Start the internal mixer. After preheating, pour the mixed powder into the internal mixer and set the extrusion speed of the internal mixer. S3: Start the winding machine, set the winding speed of the winding machine to be the same as the extrusion speed of the internal mixer, and produce magnetic composite consumables; S4: Before printing begins, preheat the printer's melter. Once the preset temperature is reached, clamp the magnetic composite filament between the drive wheels and transport it into the melter. S5: Turn on the extrusion mode in the printer's tool options to allow consumables to be extruded from the nozzle; S6: Import the printed model slice data into the 3D printer, and set the temperature, printing speed, infill density, and printing layer thickness; S7: Set the magnetic domain orientation distribution of the model. When printing a single area with the same magnetic domain orientation, if the direction of travel is the same as the magnetic domain orientation of the double coil, material will be extruded and a pulsed magnetic field and a constant magnetic field will be applied at the same time. If the direction of travel is opposite to the magnetic domain orientation, no material will be extruded and no magnetic field will be applied. S8: Repeat S7 until the entire model is printed; S9: After the part printing is completed and the heated bed has cooled to a safe temperature, remove the part; A dual-coil micro / nano soft / hard magnetic particle composite magnetron-enhanced 3D printing device, as described in the dual-coil micro / nano soft / hard magnetic particle composite magnetron-enhanced 3D printing method, is characterized in that... The system includes the following components: magnetic composite consumable (1), throat (6), drive wheel (2), connecting plate (3), pulse magnetization module (4), heat sink (5), constant field magnetization module (8), ceramic heating ring (7), nozzle (9) and heated bed (10); the magnetic composite consumable (1) is clamped and rotated into the throat (6) by the drive wheel (2) installed on the connecting plate (3); the pulse magnetization module (4) is installed above the heat sink (5) and near the inlet of the throat (6); the constant field magnetization module (8) is installed below the heat sink (5) and outside the ceramic heating ring (7); the ceramic heating ring (7) is installed in the throat (6) near the extrusion port and inside the constant field magnetization module (8); and the nozzle (9) is installed below the throat (6).

2. The method for 3D printing of dual-coil micro / nano soft and hard magnetic particles with composite magnetron enhancement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic composite consumable (1) is composed of 300-mesh PLA powder, soft magnetic particles or hard magnetic particles, 300-mesh TPU, and 300-mesh carbon fiber in a certain proportion. The magnetic powder particle size is selected as 300-500 mesh, and it is prepared into a wire with a diameter of 1.75 mm by melt mixing process.

3. The method for magnetron-enhanced 3D printing of dual-coil micro / nano soft and hard magnetic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive wheel (2) consists of two synchronous wheels with a diameter of 15mm and an inner diameter of 3mm, and is controlled by a 42 stepper motor.

4. The method for magnetron-enhanced 3D printing of dual-coil micro / nano soft and hard magnetic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulse magnetization module (4) is wound with 0.8-1.2mm diameter coarse copper enameled wire, with 30-50 turns. A pulse current of 300A is applied to generate a pulse magnetic field with a magnetic field strength of 3-4T. The constant field magnetization module (8) is wrapped around the outside of the ceramic heating ring (7), with 0.4mm diameter fine copper wire, with 800-1000 turns. A constant current is applied to generate a stable magnetic field with a strength of 2-8T.

5. The method for magnetron-enhanced 3D printing of dual-coil micro / nano soft and hard magnetic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that... The hard magnetic particles and soft magnetic particles in the magnetic composite consumable (1) have the characteristic of remanence of hard magnetic particles. The pulsed magnetic field will make them retain their magnetic pole characteristics. The pulsed magnetic field will make soft magnetic particles sway slightly to promote their adhesion to surrounding particles. The constant field magnetization module (8) enhances the arrangement and rotation of hard magnetic particles to drive the particles to be arranged in a consistent manner. For soft magnetic particles, it makes them stick to more particles to achieve a consistent arrangement.

6. The method for 3D printing of dual-coil micro / nano soft and hard magnetic particles with composite magnetron enhancement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat sink (5) is installed below the pulse magnetization module (4), and is made of brass with a heat dissipation area of ​​≥200cm², to ensure that the temperature rise of the throat tube (6) is ≤15℃.

7. The method for magnetron-enhanced 3D printing of dual-coil micro / nano soft and hard magnetic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic heating ring (7) is nested below the heat sink (5), with a heating power of 500-800W, a temperature control accuracy of ±2℃, and a heating temperature range of 160-220℃.

8. The method for magnetron-enhanced 3D printing of dual-coil micro / nano soft and hard magnetic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle (9) is made of brass, with a diameter of 0.36-0.8 mm, an inner wall roughness of ≤0.8 μm, and an axial length of 30-40 mm.

9. The method for magnetron-enhanced 3D printing of dual-coil micro / nano soft and hard magnetic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heated bed (10) is made of silicon carbide crystal glass, with an adjustable surface temperature range of 0-110℃ and a heating uniformity deviation of ≤±3℃.

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