Hydrotalcite-like nanosheet oxygen evolution electrocatalyst based on protein template and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrotalcite-like nanosheet oxygen evolution electrocatalyst based on a protein template and a preparation method of the hydrotalcite-like nanosheet oxygen evolution electrocatalyst, a protein sol template is prepared by reacting a modifier with protein at 20-80 DEG C under the condition that the pH value is 3-9, and two types of hydrotalcite-like nanosheet oxygen evolution electrocatalysts can be prepared through the protein sol template after dialysis. One method comprises the following steps: mixing a protein sol template, a metal ion precursor and an alkaline solution, heating in a water bath, stirring, centrifugally cleaning, and freeze-drying to obtain the hydrotalcite-like nanosheet oxygen evolution electrocatalyst. One method comprises the following steps: mixing a protein sol template, a metal ion precursor, an alkaline solution and foamed nickel, heating in a water bath, cleaning, and drying in vacuum to obtain the foamed nickel in-situ growth hydrotalcite-like nanosheet oxygen evolution electrocatalyst. The method has the advantages of being simple, low in cost, capable of achieving large-scale production and the like, and has huge industrial application prospects in the field of water electrolysis oxygen evolution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of catalyst preparation, and specifically to a protein template-based hydrotalcite-like nanosheet oxygen evolution electrocatalyst and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the impending depletion of fossil energy and the increasingly severe environmental pollution problem, the world today faces the dual challenges of energy transformation and solving environmental problems. Hydrogen, as an energy carrier, has the advantages of high energy density, clean and pollution-free, and wide application, and is considered to be the most promising alternative to fossil energy. At present, among the many hydrogen production technologies, water electrolysis hydrogen production technology driven by renewable energy such as solar energy and wind energy is highly favored due to its simplicity, high efficiency and easy industrial application. Water electrolysis hydrogen production is divided into two half reactions: oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode. However, since OER is accompanied by the coupled transfer of four electrons and protons, the reaction energy barrier is high and the kinetics are slow, it has become a bottleneck for efficient water electrolysis hydrogen production, which seriously restricts the efficiency of water electrolysis hydrogen production.

[0003] In order to achieve efficient OER, researchers have extensively explored a variety of electrocatalysts. Currently, commercial OER catalysts mainly rely on precious metals such as iridium (Ir) and ruthenium (Ru). Although these materials show excellent catalytic activity, their feasibility in large-scale applications is limited due to high cost, scarcity and limited long-term stability. In addition to precious metal catalysts, researchers are also actively exploring non-precious metal-based catalysts, such as transition metal oxides, sulfides and hydrotalcite nanosheets, which are widely concerned for their low cost. Among them, hydrotalcite nanosheets have become a research hotspot in the field of catalysis due to their unique optoelectronic properties, rich chemical components, high specific surface area and excellent catalytic performance. However, traditional methods for synthesizing hydrotalcite nanosheets (such as wet chemical method, exfoliation method, solvothermal method and hydrothermal method) often have problems such as complex preparation process, harsh reaction conditions and time-consuming and energy-consuming. In addition, multi-component hydrotalcite nanosheets are prone to phase separation during the synthesis process. The above problems further increase the difficulty of multi-component hydrotalcite nanosheet catalysts in industrial production and application. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present invention proposes a protein-templated hydrotalcite nanosheet OER electrocatalyst and provides a mild and easy-to-scale preparation method for the catalyst.

[0005] The preparation method of the protein-templated hydrotalcite nanosheet OER electrocatalyst provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: dissolving the modifier in ultrapure water and adjusting the pH value to 3-9 with a buffer solution to obtain a modifier solution; dissolving the protein in ultrapure water to obtain a protein aqueous solution.

[0007] Step 2: Evenly mix the modifier solution in step 1 and the protein aqueous solution, react at 20-80° C. for 10-20 hours, and then dialyze with a dialysis bag for 20-24 hours to obtain a protein sol template.

[0008] Step 3: After the protein sol template of step 2 is evenly mixed with the aqueous solution of metal ion precursor, an alkaline solution is added, and the mixture is stirred at 60-80°C for 2-10 hours to obtain a precipitate product, which is then centrifugally cleaned and freeze-dried into powder to obtain an oxygen evolution electrocatalyst. Alternatively, after the protein sol template of step 2 is evenly mixed with the aqueous solution of metal ion precursor, an alkaline solution is added, and then the nickel foam is placed therein, and the mixture is stirred at 60-80°C for 3-10 hours, and the nickel foam is taken out, rinsed with ultrapure water, and vacuum dried to obtain an oxygen evolution electrocatalyst grown in situ on the nickel foam. Wherein, the oxygen evolution electrocatalyst is a complex of hydrotalcite-like nanosheets and proteins.

[0009] Further, in the above step 1, the modifier is a reducing agent or an oxidizing agent, the reducing agent is selected from at least one of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride, cysteine, reduced glutathione, dithiothreitol, β-mercaptoethanol, dimercaptosuccinic acid, 2-mercaptoethanol, sodium sulfite, and thioglycerol, and the oxidizing agent is selected from at least one of trivalent cobalt salts, chlorates, potassium permanganate, persulfate, potassium dichromate, concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, perchloric acid, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, fluorine gas, chlorine gas, sodium bismuthate, periodic acid, sodium ferrate, lead dioxide, guanidine hydrochloride, trifluoroethanol, hexafluoroisopropanol, and trifluoroacetic acid.

[0010] In the above step 1, the protein is selected from at least one of animal-derived protein and plant-derived protein.

[0011] Furthermore, the animal-derived protein is at least one of the proteins contained in the following animals:

[0012] (1) Arthropoda, class Insecta, order Coleoptera: Pederidae, Coleoptera, Scaraboidea, Cerambycidae, Chrysomeliformes, Curculionoidea, Dermatophytidae, Cynomoroidea, Hydrocharoidea, Mud Beetles, Cerambycidae, Tiger Beetles, Curculionidae, Coccinellidae, Lampyridae, Cloth Beetles, Cryptolabridae, Thick-horned Coleoptera, and Ground Coleoptera.

[0013] (2) Arthropoda, Insecta, Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Mylidae, Mylidae, Sphagidae, Vespidae, Formicidae, Apidae, Tenebrioidae, Sawfly, Woodfly, Parasitic Woodfly, Mylidae, Mylidae, Trichogrammatidae, Mylidae, Mylidae, Mylidae, Mylidae, Mylidae, Mylidae, Mylidae, Mylidae, Mylidae, Mylidae.

[0014] (3) Arthropoda, class Insecta, order Lepidoptera: Microptera, Apicidae, Xylotomidae, Superfamily Lycopodia, Rapeworms, Carpiomorpha, Limulidae, Torculata, Sciaenidae, Schizomysidae, Gnaphal ...

[0015] (4) Arthropoda, Crustacea: Phylum Arthropoda, Class Macrophyllidae, Subclass Malacora: Phylum Arthropoda, Class Macrophyllidae, Class Pseudophyllidae, Superfamily Deep-sea Suricata, Indica, Family Broad Suricata, Semi-dactylidae, Family Macrodactylidae, Family Odontodactylidae, Family Protodactylidae, Family Pseudosuricata, Family Trogidae, Family Red Suricata, Family Crown Suricata, Family Lycopodidae, Family Microsuricata, Family Square Suricata, Family Suricata, Family Broad Suricata, Family Parasuricata.

[0016] (5) Arthropoda, class Arachnida, order Araneae: Theridiidae, Theridiidae, Theridiidae, Lycosidae, Salticidae, Scorpionidae, Ixodidae, Acaridae, Tickidae, Red Spiders, Theridiidae, Theridiidae, Theridiidae, Theridiidae, Theridiidae, Theridiidae, Theridiidae, Theridiidae, Theridiidae, Theridiidae.

[0017] (6) Arthropoda, Arachnida, Scorpionidae: Pseudoscorpionidae, Scorpionidae, Microscorpionidae, Pigscorpionidae, Scorpionidae, True Scorpionidae, Superstitious Mountain Scorpionidae, Blissful Scorpionidae, Hairy Scorpionidae, Fearful Scorpionidae, Trapped Caudal Scorpionidae, Semiscorpionidae, Scorpionidae, Heteroscorpionidae, Diplocyrtho ...

[0018] (7) Phylum Mollusca, class Gastropoda, order Cephalopoda: Pseudo-spined Snails, ...

[0019] (8) Phylum Mollusca, Class Gastropod, Order Aplysia: Cylindrica, Aplysia, Hylostomidae, Hylostomidae, Hylostomidae, Hylostomidae, Hylostomidae, Hylostomidae, Hylostomidae, Hylostomidae.

[0020] (9) Phylum Mollusca, Class Gastropod, Order Nudibranch: Ctenophora, ...

[0021] (10) Phylum Mollusca, Class Cephalopoda, Order Sepiidae: Sepiidae, Subfamily Heteropodinae, Subfamily Sakinocephalae, Subfamily Otocephalae.

[0022] (11) Phylum Mollusca, Class Cephalopoda, Order Octopus: Octopidae, Giant Octopidae, Coleoptera, Cuttlefish, Argonautidae, Heptapodidae, Deep-sea Octopi, Brachycoidea.

[0023] (12) Chordata: Acipenseridae, Hypophthalmichthys, Hypophthalmichthys, Neophthalmichthys, Osteoglossidae, Anguilla, Anguidae, Acanthodontidae, Cypriniformes, Gnaphalinae, Salmoniformes, Salmoninae, Herpidae, Salmoniformes, Ophiodontidae ... , Siluriformes, Siluriformes, Gnatfishes, Gnatfishes, Gnatfishes, Gadformes, Gadidae, Ophiopods, Ophiopods, Chrysopidae, Ophiopods, Ophiopods, Ophiopods, Ophiopods, Sphenodontidae, Syngnathidae, Syngnathidae, Syngnathiformes, Syngnathidae, Perciformes, Wrasseniidae, Perciformes, Rockfishes, Perciformes, Pomacanthidae, Perciformes, and Cichlidae.

[0024] (13) Phylum Chordata, Class Amphibia, Order Apodidae: Jellyfish, Anemoneidae, Lumbricidae, Leechidae, Snakeidae, Sea Cucumbers, Asteridae, Echinoidea, Snails, Mussels, Clams, and Caecilians.

[0025] (14) Phylum Chordata, Class Amphibia, Order Caudata: Cryptobranchidae, Ambystoma, Eusalidae, Hypodermatodae, Pulmonary Salamanders, Amphibia, Caviidae, Costidae, Eudontidae, Ocellariidae, Blind-eyed Lobelidae, and Megalostomidae.

[0026] (15) Phylum Chordata, Class Amphibia, Order Anura: Toads, Rhacophoridae, Hylacidae, Ceratopogonidae, Mylodactylidae, and Microdactylidae.

[0027] (16) Phylum Chordata: Reptiles: Squamata, Testudinidae, Dermatochelidae, Testudinidae, Cheloniformes, Testudinidae, Testudinidae, Crocodilians, Alligators, Alligators, and Crocodilians.

[0028] (17) Phylum Chordata: Aves: Psittaciformes, Cockatielidae, Neruridae, Anseriformes, Anatidae, Anseriformes, Anseriformes, Sphenisciformes, Passeriformes, Passeriformes, Corvidae, Passeriformes, and Passeriformes.

[0029] (18) Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia: Monotremes, Platypus, Monotremes, Echidna, Perissodactyla, Equidae, Perissodactyla, Rhinoceros, Proboscidea.

[0030] (19) Chordata, Mammalia, Marsupials: Marmosets, Koalas, Bandicoots, Wombats, and Quetzalcoatlus;

[0031] (20) Phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Rodentia: Sciuridae, Cricetidae, Bamboo Rhynchomys, Dormouse, Myrmecophaga, Cavia, Beaver, Flying Squirrel, Porcupine, Lemming, Gerbil, Capybara.

[0032] (21) Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, Order Chiroptera: Pteropus, Rhinolophus, Hippocampus, Myotis, Long-winged Bat, Brachypterygidae, Fruit Bat.

[0033] (22) Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, Order Carnivora: Felidae, Canidae, Ursidae, Mustelidae, Luna.

[0034] (23) Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, Order Primates: Hominidae, Gibbonidae, Loris, Tarsier, Lemuridae.

[0035] (24) Phylum Chordae, Class Mammalia, Order Artiodactyla: Camelidae, Suidae, Peccary, Giraffidae, Pronghorn, Cervidae, Musk Deer, Bovidae, Hippopotamidae.

[0036] (25) Phylum Chordae, Class Mammalia, Order Cetacea: Dolphins, Sperm Whales, Beaked Whales, Narwhals, Sharp-nosed Dolphins, Delphinidae, Porpoises, Baleen Whales, Gray Whales, Right Whales, Minke Whales, Beaked Whales, and Fin Whales.

[0037] Furthermore, the plant-derived protein is at least one of the following plant proteins:

[0038] (1) Phylum Ceratophyllum: Ceratophyllums, ...

[0039] (2) True Mosses: Axis order, Axis family, Axis order, Hoary moss family, Axis order, Micro-moss family, Corrugated moss order, Corrugated moss family, Beaded moss order, Beaded moss family, True moss order, True moss family, True moss order, Lantern moss family, Shrimp moss order, Shrimp moss family, Tobacco moss order, Tobacco moss family, Brachycera order, Brachycera family, Opposite leaf order, Opposite leaf order, Anti-neon moss family, Gourd moss order, Big cap moss family, Gourd moss order, Gourd moss family, Purple calyx order, Purple calyx order, Purple calyx order, Purple calyx order, Purple calyx order, Purple calyx order, Stone crack moss Mosses, the order Purple-calyx, the order Tiger-tail, the order Tiger-tail, the order Oil-mosses, the order Oil-mosses, the order White-mosses, the order Oil-mosses, the order Amaryllis, the order Tree-mosses, the order Tree-mosses, the order Tree-mosses, the order Selaginella, the order Straight-toothed, the order Straight-toothed, the order Wood-mosses ...

[0040] (3) Phylum Eubryos, class Eubryos, orders Cynocephala: Anglomyceae, Cynocephala, Cynocephala, Cynocephala, and Phenaceae.

[0041] (4) Phylum True Mosses, Class True Mosses, Order Glechoma: Onagraceae, Oxoglossaceae, Reverse Hair Mossaceae, Green Mossaceae, Wetland Mossaceae, Perennial Mossaceae, Cryptocapsulariaceae, Silk Mossaceae, Brocternaceae, Sphagaceae, Soft Tooth Mossaceae, Tower Mossaceae, Gray Mossaceae, Peacock Mossaceae, Boat Leaf Mossaceae, Thin Rosaceae, White Tooth Mossaceae, Creeping Mossaceae, Tilapia Mossaceae, Golden Hair Mossaceae, Flat Mossaceae, Straight Mossaceae, Cotton Mossaceae, False Thin Rosaceae, Axillary Mossaceae, Pteridaceae, Golden Gray Mossaceae, Hairy Brocade Mossaceae, Heterodontaceae, Weeping Branch Mossaceae, Heliconia Mossaceae, Brocade Mossaceae, Pseudo-Thin Rosaceae, Sclerophyllaceae, Acanthocarpusaceae, Lepiophyllaceae, and Thick Petiole Mossaceae.

[0042] (5) Phylum Eubryos, Class Eubryos, Order Pluriformes: Physalis family, Candleleaf family, Microsphagaceae, Nigrosphagaceae, Arborea family, Pluriformes family, Lithosphagaceae, Echinops family, and Light mosses family.

[0043] (6) True mosses, class Negromosales, Negromosaceae; True mosses, class Longmosses, order Longmosses, order Longmosses, family Negromosaceae; True mosses, class Golden mosses, order Golden mosses, family Golden mosses, class Sphagnum, order Sphagnum, family Sphagnum, class Sphagnum, order Sphagnum, family Sphagnum, class Sphagnum, order Sphagnum, family Sphagnum, class Algaemosales, Algaemosaceae; True mosses, class Tetraodonta, order Tetraodonta, family Tetraodonta.

[0044] (7) Chlorophyta, Chlorophyceae: Bryophyceae, ...

[0045] (8) Chlorophyta, Chlorophyta, Acrophyceales, Acrophyceae; Metazodia, Gymnocarpus, Metazodiaces, Metazodiaceae; Metazodia, Gymnocarpus, Dovellales, Dovellaceae; Metazodia, Metazodia, Phyllophytes ...

[0046] (9) Classification of the Marchantia: Bracteaceae, Microphylla, Microphylla, Nanximeiaceae, Forkedleaf, Forkedleaf, Chlorophyceae, Bandedleaf, Bandedleaf, Mossleaf, Bandedleaf, Purpleleaf, Purpleleaf, Light-calyx, Ear-leaf, Light-calyx, Hairy-ear, Light-calyx, Thin-scalyx, Light-calyx, Eye-calyx, Light-calyx, Compactedleaf, Hairyleaf, Hairyleaf, and New-scalyx.

[0047] (10) Class: Chrysomelidae, Order: Chrysomelidae, Class: Acrocalyx, Cryptocapsularia, Class: Acrocalyx, Class: ...

[0048] (11) Phylum Ranunculaceae, Class Ranunculales: Verrucocrown family, Starry-hole family, Snake family, Flowery Marchantaceae, Marchantaceae, Dioscorea family, Light-leaved Marchantaceae, Single-month Marchantaceae, Money family, Dermatophyte family, and Wesleyaceae.

[0049] (12) Rhodophyta: Acrophyceae, Acrophyceae, Ignaec ...

[0050] (13) Rhodophyta, Rhodophyceae, Taxodium, and the orders: Ceratocystis, ...

[0051] (14) Vascular plants: Alsophila, Cyathea, and the class Equisetaceae: Alsophila, Cyathea, Cyathea, Cyathea, Equisetaceae, Equisetaceae, Diplophyllaceae, Diplophyllaceae, Diplophyllaceae, Hymenopteris ...

[0052] (15) Vascular plants, class Equisetum, order Polypodiaceae: Pteridaceae, Aspleniaceae, Pterid ...

[0053] (16) Vascular plants: Acorusales, Acorus family; Palmaceae; Schisandraceae; Boraginaceae; Buxusales, Buxus family; Celastraceae; Ceratophyllum family; Ceratophyllum family; Chrysanthemum family; Commelinaceae; Commelinaceae; Commelinaceae; Commelinaceae; Commelinaceae; Cornaceae; Cornaceae; Hydrangeaceae; Cornaceae; Cyanophyllum family; Tassel family; Tassel family; Pentacarpaceae; Cucurbitaceae; Cucurbitaceae; Begoniaceae; Cucurbitaceae; Moracaceae; Cucurbitaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; The order Amphidaceae, the order Fabaceae, the order Polygalaceae, the order Merantiaceae, the order Myristicae, the order Myristicae, the order Myristicae, the order Eucommiaceae, the order Geraniales, the order Decapoda, the order Peperomiaceae, the order Peperomiaceae, the order Cornelales, the order Peperomiaceae, the order Cinnamomum, the order Lauraceae, the order Cinnamomum, the order Cephalotaxaceae, the order Nelumboceae, the order Magnoliales, the order Annonaceae, the order Myristicae, the order Hydroflorales, the order Hydrofloraceae, the order Nymphaeales, the order Nymphaeaceae, the order Naphalaceae, the order Oxalis, the order Oxalidaceae, the order Oxalidaceae, the order Oxalidaceae, the order Elaeocarpaceae, the order Aphyllae, the order Piperaceae, the order Piperaceae, the order Aristolochiaceae, the order Piperaceae, the order Piperaceae, the order Saururaceae, the order Kunlanseaceae, the order Vitiales, the order Vitaceae, the order Terrestris.

[0054] (17) Vascular plants: Alismataceae, Araceae, Araceae, Asteraceae, Asteraceae, Asteraceae, Asteraceae, Aquamarine, Aquatic ...

[0055] (18) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Apiaceae, Araliaceae, Pittosporaceae, and Coleopsaceae.

[0056] (19) Vascular plants, Magnoliales, Aquilegiaceae: Aquilegiaceae, Aquilegiaceae, Aquilegiaceae;

[0057] (20) Vascular plants: Magnoliaceae, Asparagaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asphodelaceae, Curculigoaceae, Iridaceae, Orchidaceae.

[0058] (21) Vascular plants: Asteraceae, Campanulaceae, Asteraceae, Menymaceae, Pentaphyllum, and Stylothaceae.

[0059] (22) Vascular plants: Brassicaceae, Sedum, Capparis, Carica, Capparisaceae, Moringaceae, Meliaceae, Echinopsaceae, and Nasturtium.

[0060] (23) Vascular plants: Caryophyllaceae, Aizoaceae, Amaranthaceae, Uncariaceae, Basella, Cactaceae, Droseraceae, Petalumaceae, Pinaceae, Cornaceae, Nepenthesaceae, Mirabilisaceae, Allium, Phytolaccae, Pleurotus, Polygonaceae, Portulacaceae, Glechomaea, and Salicaceae.

[0061] (24) Vascular plants: Ericaceae, Actinidiaceae, Impatiens, Alnus, Ixigera, Diospyros, Ericaceae, Leydigaceae, Cyperaceae, Pentaphyllum, Allium, Primulaceae, Sapotaceae, Costaceae, Styracaceae, Asteraceae, Theaceae.

[0062] (25) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Fagales: Fagaceae, Betulaceae, Casuarinaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, Myricaceae.

[0063] (26)) Vascular plants: Magnoliaceae, Gentianales: Gentianaceae, Apocynaceae, Gelsemium, Gentianaceae, Loganaceae, Rubiaceae.

[0064] (27) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Lamiaceae: Lamiaceae, Acanthaceae, Bignoniaceae, Vanillaceae, Gesneriaceae, Utriculariaceae, Matricariaceae, Ceratoniaceae, Aquilegiaceae, Oleaceae, Orobanchaceae, Paulowniaceae, Sesamaceae, Penicillaceae, Plantaginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Verbenaceae, and Aglaonema.

[0065] (28) Vascular plants: Magnoliaceae, Liliales: Liliaceae, Colchicumaceae, Hostaaceae, Veratrum, Smilaxaceae.

[0066] (29) Vascular plants: Malpurinae, Cynanchum, Echinopsaceae, Echinochloa, Antheraceae, Garcinia, Pomacantha, Gnaphalaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Hypericaceae, Myliaceae, Linaceae, Tropaeolum, Cyperaceae, Passifloraceae, Arboraceae, Phyllanthaceae, Carex, Drupaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Rhizophoraceae, Salicaceae, Violaceae.

[0067] (30) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Malvaceae: Malvaceae, Helianthaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Thymelaeaceae.

[0068] (31) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Myrtales: Myrtaceae, Combretaceae, Cryptomeriaceae, Lythraceae, Melastomataceae, Onagraceae.

[0069] (32) Vascular plants, Magnoliales, Pandanaceae: Pandanaceae, Stemonaceae, Mycorrhizae, and Featherleafaceae;

[0070] (33) Vascular plants: Poaceae, Bromeliaceae, Cyperaceae, Cyperaceae, Cyperaceae, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Sphagaceae, Junciaceae, Typhaceae, and Typhaceae.

[0071] (34) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Proteales: Proteaceae, Nelumboceae, Platanaceae, and Ceropegiaceae.

[0072] (35) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae, Berberidaceae, Astrophyllaceae, Akebiaceae, Menispermaceae, Papaveraceae.

[0073] (36) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Rosales: Rosaceae, Cannabaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Moraceae, Rhamnaceae, Rosaceae, Ulmaceae, Urticaceae.

[0074] (37) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Santalum orders: Santalaceae, Oleaceae, Oleaceae, Oleaceae, Loranthaceae, Aspergillus family, Citronaceae, Santalaceae, Vaticaceae, and Malvaceae.

[0075] (38) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapindaceae, Anacardiaceae, Oleaceae, Meliaceae, Nitrariaceae, Rutaceae, Simianthaceae.

[0076] (39) Vascular plants: Magnoliaceae, Saxifragales, Mycorrhizaceae, Crassulaceae, Cynomorium, Sansevieriaceae, Ribesaceae, Echinochloa, Hamamelidaceae, Myristicaceae, Paeoniaceae, Psoralea, Saxifragaceae, and Saxifragaceae.

[0077] (40) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Solanales: Solanaceae, Convolvulaceae, Aglaonemaceae, and Sphenopalmataceae.

[0078] (41) Vascular plants: Zingiberaceae, Cannaceae, Zingiberaceae, Orchidaceae, Marantaceae, Musaceae, Strelitziaceae.

[0079] (42) Vascular plants: Araucariaces, Araucariaceae, Araucariaces, Podocarpaceae, Cupressaceae, Cupressaceae, Cupressaceae, Taxaceae, Cycadales, Cycadaceae, Ephedales, Ephedraceae, Ginkgoales, Ginkgoaceae, Gnetaceae, Pinaceae, Pinaceae, and Machilaceae.

[0080] Furthermore, in the above step 1, the protein is selected from at least one of lysozyme, bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, lactoferrin, whey albumin, insulin, α-lactalbumin, fibrinogen, β-lactoglobulin, Aβ peptide, prion protein, α-synuclein, cystatin C, huntingtin protein, immunoglobulin, ribonuclease A, cytochrome c, α-amylase, horseradish peroxidase, pepsin, myoglobin, collagen, keratin, hemoglobin, DNA polymerase, casein, soy protein, pea protein, zein, gliadin, gluten, oat protein, potato protein, hemp seed protein, walnut protein, rapeseed protein, hazelnut protein, quinoa protein, sunflower seed protein, pumpkin seed protein, black sesame protein, mushroom protein, red algae protein, legumin, barley protein, wheat protein, millet protein, gluten, kidney bean protein, casein, collagen, and catalase.

[0081] Furthermore, in the above step 1, the concentration of the modifier in the modifier solution is 1 to 50 mg / mL; and the concentration of the protein in the protein aqueous solution is 10 to 150 mg / mL.

[0082] Furthermore, in the above step 1, the concentration of the modifier in the modifier solution is 5 to 30 mg / mL; the concentration of the protein in the protein aqueous solution is 40 to 100 mg / mL.

[0083] Furthermore, in the above step 1, the buffer solution is a saturated aqueous solution of any one of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid, phosphate, N,N-dihydroxyethylglycine, piperazine-1,4-diethanesulfonic acid, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-3-propanesulfonic acid, 3-(N-morpholinyl)-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid, and 3-(cyclohexylamino)-1-propanesulfonic acid.

[0084] Furthermore, in the above step 2, the volume ratio of the modifier solution to the protein aqueous solution is 1 to 10:1.

[0085] Furthermore, in the above step 3, the concentration of the metal ion precursor in the metal ion precursor aqueous solution is 10-1000 mmol / L; the volume ratio of the protein sol template to the metal ion precursor aqueous solution and the alkaline solution is 1:0.25-25:0.01-1.

[0086] Furthermore, in the above step 3, the concentration of the metal ion precursor in the metal ion precursor aqueous solution is 250-850 mmol / L; the volume ratio of the protein sol template to the metal ion precursor aqueous solution and the alkaline solution is 1:1-10:0.05-0.5.

[0087] Further, in the above step 3, the metal ion precursor is selected from any one or more of cobalt acetate, nickel acetate tetrahydrate, zinc chloride, ferrous chloride tetrahydrate, chromium nitrate nonahydrate, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, gallium (III) nitrate hydrate, molybdenum acetylacetonate, copper nitrate, manganese nitrate, tetraisopropyl titanate lead chloride, silver nitrate, bismuth chloride, antimony chloride, cadmium chloride, rhenium chloride, tin chloride, palladium chloride, germanium chloride, vanadium chloride, calcium chloride, and niobium chloride.

[0088] Further, in the above step 3, the alkaline solution is an aqueous solution of any one of ammonia water, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide; wherein the volume concentration of the aqueous solution of ammonia water is 25% to 28%, and the concentration of the aqueous solution of any one of sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide is 0.1 to 1 mol / L.

[0089] Further, in the above step 3, the hydrotalcite-like substance is selected from any one of the following:

[0090] (1) Monometallic hydrotalcites: Co, Ni, Zn, Fe, Cu, Al, Mg, Mn, Ti, Cr, Mo, Bi, Sb, Cd, Re, Sn, Pd, Ag, Ge.

[0091] (2) Binary hydrotalcite: CoCr, CoFe, CoAl, NiCo, NiFe, NiAl, MnCo, CuNi, FeAl, ZnAl, MgAl, MnAl, CoZn, CuAl, TiAl, ZnMg, CoMg, MgMn, CuMn, TiZn, FeZn, ZnCr, PbAl, AgAl, Val, MnZn.

[0092] (3) Ternary hydrotalcites: FeCoNi, CoMnFe, NiCoMn, AlCoFe, CuCoFe, NiMnFe, CoNiAl, ZnAlMg, MnFeAl, CuZnAl, CdAlZn, ZnFeAl, CaAlFe, CoMnAl, NbAlZn, VAlZn, and CoVAl.

[0093] (4) Quaternary hydrotalcite: FeCoNiGa, FeCoNiMo, FeCoNiCr, NiCoMnFe, NiCoAlFe, CoMnNiAl, CuCoNiAl, CoCuMnNi, NiCoAlZn, CoMnAlZn, ZnCoAlCu, MgAlZnFe, CdAlMnZn, FeAlZnCo, CuMnAlZn, CoCrZnAl.

[0094] (5) Pentacyclic hydrotalcites: FeCoNiGaMo, FeCoNiMoCr, NiCoMnAlFe, NiCoMnZnAl, CoCuFeMnAl, MnCoNiAlCu, NiCoZnAlCu, CoMnAlZnMg, ZnCoAlFeTi, MgAlCoCuMn, FeCoZnAlTi, NbAlCoZnFe, CaLiCoZnAl.

[0095] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0096] The OER electrocatalyst of the present invention is prepared by adding a metal ion precursor and heating in a water bath under an alkaline environment using a protein as a template. The method of the present invention is simple, the preparation conditions are mild and can be mass-produced. In the present invention, the protein can regulate the stable growth of metal ions into hydrotalcite-like nanosheets mainly by exposing a large number of amino acids on the surface of the protein sol template, which can coordinate with metal ions to prevent the metal ions from agglomerating in the bulk solution, and the protein sol template also has the characteristic of rapid assembly under alkaline conditions, so that a large number of uniform hydrotalcite-like nanosheets can be quickly obtained in the bulk solution, and the feed multiple can be enlarged to synthesize nanosheets with a sub-kilogram yield, thereby improving the utilization rate of hydrotalcite-like nanosheets. In addition, because the protein sol template itself has assembly activity, it can regulate the atomic-level arrangement of multiple metal ions without phase separation, and has universal applicability to multiple metal ions, and multiple elements can be artificially designed to form mono-, di- or multi-element hydrotalcite-like nanosheets, and the application of this nanosheet in electrocatalytic oxygen evolution can effectively optimize the 10mA / cm 2 Overpotential at operating current. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0097] Figure 1 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the monolithic Co-based hydrotalcite nanosheet OER electrocatalyst prepared in Example 1.

[0098] Figure 2 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the monolithic Ni-based hydrotalcite nanosheet OER electrocatalyst prepared in Example 2.

[0099] Figure 3 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the binary CoFe-type hydrotalcite nanosheet OER electrocatalyst prepared in Example 3.

[0100] Figure 4 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the binary CoFe-type hydrotalcite nanosheet OER electrocatalyst grown in situ on nickel foam in Example 4.

[0101] Figure 5 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the binary NiFe-type hydrotalcite nanosheet OER electrocatalyst grown in situ on nickel foam in Example 5.

[0102] Figure 6 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the ternary FeCoNi hydrotalcite nanosheet OER electrocatalyst prepared in Example 6.

[0103] Figure 7 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the quaternary FeCoNiMo hydrotalcite nanosheet OER electrocatalyst grown in situ on nickel foam in Example 7.

[0104] Figure 8 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the five-element FeCoNiGaMo hydrotalcite nanosheet OER electrocatalyst prepared in Example 8.

[0105] Fig. 9 It is the OER polarization curve diagram of the electrocatalysts prepared in Examples 3 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2.

[0106] Fig.10 This is a stability test chart of the OER electrocatalysts prepared in Example 5 and Comparative Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0107] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in more comprehensive and detailed manner below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred experimental examples, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.

[0108] Example 1

[0109] The method for preparing a large amount of OER electrocatalyst based on a protein template provided in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0110] Step 1: Dissolve 12 g of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride in 700 mL of ultrapure water, and add saturated tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane aqueous solution to adjust the pH value to 6 to obtain a modifier solution; dissolve 8 g of lysozyme in 100 mL of ultrapure water to obtain a lysozyme aqueous solution.

[0111] Step 2: The modifier solution obtained in step 1 was mixed evenly with the lysozyme aqueous solution at a volume ratio of 7:1, reacted at 47° C. for 15 h, and then dialyzed with a dialysis bag for 24 h to obtain a lysozyme sol template.

[0112] Step 3: Dissolve 90g (0.50mol) of cobalt acetate in 11.52L ultrapure water and mix evenly with 480mL of the lysozyme sol template from step 2, then add 400mL of 25% ammonia aqueous solution, stir and react in a 70°C water bath for 3h to obtain a precipitate product, which is then centrifuged and washed and then freeze-dried into powder to obtain a sub-kilogram-level monovalent Co-based hydrotalcite nanosheet OER electrocatalyst. Figure 1 It can be seen that the nanosheets of the obtained OER electrocatalyst are very uniform.

[0113] Example 2

[0114] The method for preparing a large amount of OER electrocatalyst based on a protein template provided in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0115] Step 1: Dissolve 428 mg of trifluoroethanol in 35 mL of ultrapure water, and add saturated 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid aqueous solution to adjust the pH value to 5 to obtain a modifier solution; dissolve 300 mg of gluten in 5 mL of ultrapure water to obtain a gluten aqueous solution.

[0116] Step 2: The modifier solution obtained in step 1 was mixed evenly with the gluten aqueous solution at a volume ratio of 7:1, reacted at 47° C. for 12 h, and then dialyzed with a dialysis bag for 24 h to obtain a gluten sol template.

[0117] Step 3: Dissolve 15 mg (0.06 mmol) of nickel acetate tetrahydrate in 5.6 mL of ultrapure water and mix evenly with 0.4 mL of the gluten sol template of step 2, then add 200 μL of 0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, stir and react in a 70 ° C water bath for 3 h to obtain a precipitate product, which is then centrifuged and washed and then freeze-dried into powder to obtain a monovalent Ni-based hydrotalcite nanosheet OER electrocatalyst (see Figure 2 ).

[0118] Example 3

[0119] The method for preparing a large amount of OER electrocatalyst based on a protein template provided in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0120] Step 1: Dissolve 428 mg of cysteine ​​in 35 mL of ultrapure water, and add saturated sodium phosphate aqueous solution to adjust the pH value to 5 to obtain a modifier solution; dissolve 300 mg of bovine serum albumin in 5 mL of ultrapure water to obtain a bovine serum albumin aqueous solution.

[0121] Step 2: The modifier solution obtained in step 1 was mixed evenly with the bovine serum albumin aqueous solution at a volume ratio of 7:1, reacted at 47° C. for 12 h, and then dialyzed with a dialysis bag for 24 h to obtain a bovine serum albumin sol template.

[0122] Step 3: 509 mg (2.8 mmol) of cobalt acetate and 191 mg (0.96 mmol) of ferrous chloride tetrahydrate were dissolved in 4.5 mL of ultrapure water and then mixed evenly with 1.5 mL of the bovine serum albumin sol template of step 2, and then 200 μL of 0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added, and the mixture was stirred in a 70 ° C water bath for 3 h to obtain a precipitate product, which was centrifuged and washed and then freeze-dried into powder to obtain a binary CoFe hydrotalcite nanosheet OER electrocatalyst (see Figure 3 ).

[0123] Example 4

[0124] The method for preparing a large amount of OER electrocatalyst based on a protein template provided in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0125] Step 1: Dissolve 657 mg of cysteine ​​in 35 mL of ultrapure water, and add saturated N,N-dihydroxyethylglycine aqueous solution to adjust the pH value to 5 to obtain a modifier solution; dissolve 600 mg of bovine serum albumin in 5 mL of ultrapure water to obtain a bovine serum albumin aqueous solution.

[0126] Step 2: The modifier solution obtained in step 1 was mixed evenly with the bovine serum albumin aqueous solution at a volume ratio of 7:1, reacted at 47° C. for 12 h, and then dialyzed with a dialysis bag for 24 h to obtain a bovine serum albumin sol template.

[0127] Step 3: 509 mg (2.8 mmol) of cobalt acetate and 191 mg (0.96 mmol) of ferrous chloride tetrahydrate were dissolved in 4.5 mL of ultrapure water and then mixed evenly with 1.5 mL of the bovine serum albumin sol template of step 2, and then 200 μL of 0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added, and then the pretreated nickel foam (the nickel foam with a size of 1.5 cm*1.5 cm was ultrasonically cleaned with acetone, 6 mol / L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, water, and ethanol for 15 min each, and then placed in an oven for vacuum drying to obtain the pretreated nickel foam.) was placed therein, and after stirring the reaction in a 70°C water bath for 4 h, the nickel foam was taken out, rinsed with ultrapure water 3 times, and then placed in a 70°C oven for vacuum drying for 10 h to obtain a binary CoFe-type hydrotalcite nanosheet OER electrocatalyst grown in situ on the nickel foam (see Figure 4 ).

[0128] Example 5

[0129] The method for preparing a large amount of OER electrocatalyst based on a protein template provided in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0130] Step 1: Dissolve 571.2 mg of reduced glutathione in 35 mL of ultrapure water, and add saturated piperazine-1,4-diethanesulfonic acid aqueous solution to adjust the pH value to 6 to obtain a modifier solution; dissolve 400 mg of human serum albumin in 5 mL of ultrapure water to obtain a human serum albumin aqueous solution.

[0131] Step 2: The modifier solution obtained in step 1 was mixed evenly with the human serum albumin aqueous solution at a volume ratio of 7:1, reacted at 47° C. for 18 h, and then dialyzed with a dialysis bag for 24 h to obtain a human serum albumin sol template.

[0132] Step 3: 189.3 mg (0.76 mmol) of nickel acetate tetrahydrate and 43 mg (0.22 mmol) of ferrous chloride tetrahydrate were dissolved in 3.3 mL of ultrapure water and then mixed evenly with 2.7 mL of the human serum albumin sol template of step 2, and then 200 μL of 0.7 mol / L sodium carbonate aqueous solution was added, and then the pretreated nickel foam (the pretreatment method was the same as that in Example 4) was placed therein, and stirred in a 70°C water bath for 4 h, and then the nickel foam was taken out, rinsed with ultrapure water 3 times, and then placed in a 70°C oven for vacuum drying for 10 h to obtain a binary NiFe-type hydrotalcite nanosheet OER electrocatalyst grown in situ on the nickel foam (see Figure 5 ).

[0133] Example 6

[0134] The method for preparing a large amount of OER electrocatalyst based on a protein template provided in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0135] Step 1: Dissolve 285.6 mg of potassium permanganate in 35 mL of ultrapure water, and add saturated N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-3-propanesulfonic acid aqueous solution to adjust the pH value to 5 to obtain a modifier solution; dissolve 200 mg of collagen in 5 mL of ultrapure water to obtain a collagen aqueous solution.

[0136] Step 2: The modifier solution obtained in step 1 was mixed evenly with the collagen aqueous solution at a volume ratio of 7:1, reacted at 47° C. for 12 h, and then dialyzed with a dialysis bag for 24 h to obtain a collagen sol template.

[0137] Step 3: 42 mg (0.24 mmol) of cobalt acetate, 48 mg (0.24 mmol) of ferrous chloride tetrahydrate, and 59.7 mg (0.24 mol) of nickel acetate tetrahydrate were dissolved in 1.2 mL of ultrapure water and mixed evenly with 4.8 mL of the collagen sol template of step 2, and then 200 μL of 0.8 mol / L calcium hydroxide aqueous solution was added, and the mixture was stirred in a 70 ° C water bath for 9 h to obtain a precipitate product, which was centrifugally washed and then freeze-dried into powder to obtain a ternary FeCoNi hydrotalcite nanosheet OER electrocatalyst (see Figure 6 ).

[0138] Example 7

[0139] The method for preparing a large amount of OER electrocatalyst based on a protein template provided in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0140] Step 1: Dissolve 856.8 mg of potassium dichromate in 35 mL of ultrapure water, and add saturated 3-(N-morpholinyl)-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid aqueous solution to adjust the pH value to 9 to obtain a modifier solution; dissolve 600 mg of human keratin in 5 mL of ultrapure water to obtain a keratin aqueous solution.

[0141] Step 2: The modifier solution obtained in step 1 and the keratin aqueous solution were mixed evenly at a volume ratio of 7:1, reacted at 47° C. for 12 h, and then dialyzed with a dialysis bag for 24 h to obtain a keratin sol template.

[0142] Step 3: 53 mg (0.3 mmol) of cobalt acetate, 60 mg (0.3 mmol) of ferrous chloride tetrahydrate, 75 mg (0.3 mmol) of nickel acetate tetrahydrate, and 98 mg (0.3 mmol) of molybdenum acetylacetonate were dissolved in 4.8 mL of ultrapure water and mixed evenly with 1.2 mL of the keratin sol template of step 2, and then 200 μL of 0.8 mol / L calcium hydroxide aqueous solution was added, and then the pretreated nickel foam (the pretreatment method was the same as that in Example 4) was placed therein, and the reaction was stirred in a 70°C water bath for 4 hours, and then the nickel foam was taken out, rinsed with ultrapure water 3 times, and then placed in a 70°C oven for vacuum drying for 4 hours to obtain a quaternary FeCoNiMo hydrotalcite nanosheet OER electrocatalyst grown in situ on the nickel foam (see Figure 7 ).

[0143] Example 8

[0144] The method for preparing a large amount of OER electrocatalyst based on a protein template provided in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0145] Step 1: Dissolve 114 mg of periodic acid in 35 mL of ultrapure water, and add saturated N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid aqueous solution to adjust the pH value to 8 to obtain a modifier solution; dissolve 80 mg of β-lactoglobulin in 5 mL of ultrapure water to obtain a β-lactoglobulin aqueous solution.

[0146] Step 2: The modifier solution obtained in step 1 was mixed evenly with the β-lactoglobulin aqueous solution at a volume ratio of 7:1, reacted at 47° C. for 15 h, and then dialyzed with a dialysis bag for 24 h to obtain a β-lactoglobulin sol template.

[0147] Step 3: 85 mg (0.5 mmol) of cobalt acetate, 95 mg (0.5 mmol) of ferrous chloride tetrahydrate, 119 mg (0.5 mmol) of nickel acetate tetrahydrate, 131 mg (0.5 mmol) of gallium (III) nitrate hydrate, and 157 mg (0.5 mmol) of molybdenum acetylacetonate were dissolved in 3 mL of ultrapure water and mixed evenly with 3 mL of the β-lactoglobulin sol template of step 2, and then 200 μL of a 28% ammonia aqueous solution was added, and the mixture was stirred in a 70°C water bath for 5 h to obtain a precipitated product, which was centrifugally washed and then freeze-dried into a powder to obtain a five-element FeCoNiGaMo hydrotalcite nanosheet OER electrocatalyst (see Figure 8 ).

[0148] It can be seen from the above Examples 1 to 8 that the protein sol template of the present invention is universal to various metal elements, and various elements can be designed to form hydrotalcite-like nanosheets, and multi-component hydrotalcite-like nanosheets with uniform morphology can be grown in bulk solution or on the interface (nickel foam).

[0149] Comparative Example 1

[0150] The nickel foam with a size of 1.5 cm*1.5 cm was ultrasonically cleaned with acetone, 6 mol / L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, water, and ethanol for 15 min each to remove the oxide on the surface of the nickel foam, and then placed in an oven for vacuum drying to obtain a pretreated nickel foam as a blank NF electrode.

[0151] Comparative Example 2

[0152] 5 mg of commercial precious metal catalyst RuO2 was dispersed in 720 μL ultrapure water and 280 μL ethanol, mixed evenly, and then 30 μL Nafion was added. After ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, a uniform ink was obtained; 100 μL of the uniform ink was applied on the pretreated nickel foam to obtain a RuO2 / NF electrode.

[0153] In order to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention, the OER electrocatalysts prepared in the above-mentioned Examples 3 to 5 were subjected to electrochemical OER performance tests, wherein the catalyst in Example 3 needed to be prepared into ink loaded on a glassy carbon electrode (the specific method is: disperse 5 mg of the OER electrocatalyst in Example 3 in 720 μL ultrapure water and 280 μL ethanol, mix well, then add 30 μL Nafion, and obtain a uniform ink after ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes; take 12 μL of the uniform ink and apply it on the glassy carbon electrode) as a working electrode for testing, and the OER electrocatalyst in situ grown on nickel foam in Examples 4 and 5 was directly used as a working electrode. Then, a stone mill rod and calibrated mercury / mercury oxide were used as the counter electrode and reference electrode, respectively, and the electrochemical properties were tested on a Shanghai Chenhua electrochemical workstation. At the same time, the electrodes prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were used as working electrodes for comparative tests, and the results are shown in FIG. Fig. 9 and Table 1.

[0154] from Fig. 9 As can be seen from Table 1, among the OER performances of the electrocatalysts prepared in Examples 3 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2, Example 3 (10 mA cm -2 The overpotential is 300 mV), Example 4 (10 mA cm -2 The overpotential is 278mV), Example 5 (10mA cm -2 The performance of the electrocatalyst prepared by -2 Comparison example 1 (10 mA cm -2The overpotential is 321mV), Comparative Example 2 (10mA cm -2 The overpotential of the catalyst is 306 mV) with a lower overpotential and higher catalytic activity. The results also show that the catalyst has a lower overpotential and a higher catalytic activity at a high current density (50 mA cm -2 , 100mA cm -2 ) overpotential, except for Example 3 (50 mA cm -2 The overpotential is 369 mV at 100 mA cm -2 The overpotential is 444mV), Comparative Example 1 (50mAcm -2 The overpotential is 363mV, 100mAcm -2 The overpotential is 389mV) and Comparative Example 2 (50mAcm -2 The overpotential is 351mV, 100mAcm -2 The overpotential is 377mV) except for Example 4 (50mAcm -2 The overpotential is 315mV, 100mAcm -2 The overpotential is 341mV) and Example 5 (50mAcm -2 The overpotential is 298mV, 100mAcm -2 The overpotential of Example 5 is 324 mV) all have lower overpotentials, and the overpotential of Example 5 is the lowest, indicating that the bulk or interface in situ grown OER electrocatalysts synthesized using protein templates of the present invention have excellent performance, and at a larger working current, the performance of the interface in situ grown OER electrocatalyst is better.

[0155] Table 1

[0156]

[0157] The electrocatalysts of Example 5 and Comparative Example 2 were tested for stability. Fig.10 As shown, at 10mA / cm 2 At the working current density, the electrocatalyst of Example 5 showed 24h stability compared with Comparative Example 2, without performance degradation. This result indicates that the electrocatalyst of Example 5 has excellent long-term stability.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a hydrotalcite-like nanosheet oxygen evolution electrocatalyst based on a protein template, characterized in that: The preparation method consists of the following steps: Step 1: dissolving a modifier in ultrapure water and adjusting the pH value to 3-9 with a buffer solution to obtain a modifier solution; dissolving a protein in ultrapure water to obtain a protein aqueous solution; Step 2: The modifier solution in step 1 is mixed evenly with the protein aqueous solution, reacted at 20-80° C. for 10-20 hours, and then dialyzed with a dialysis bag for 20-24 hours to obtain a protein sol template; Step 3: After the protein sol template in step 2 is evenly mixed with the metal ion precursor aqueous solution, an alkaline solution is added, and the mixture is stirred at 60 to 80° C. for 2 to 10 hours to obtain a precipitate product, which is then centrifugally cleaned and freeze-dried into a powder to obtain an oxygen evolution electrocatalyst; Alternatively, the protein sol template of step 2 is mixed evenly with the aqueous solution of the metal ion precursor, and then an alkaline solution is added, and then the nickel foam is placed therein, and stirred to react at 60 to 80° C. for 3 to 10 hours, and the nickel foam is taken out, rinsed with ultrapure water, and then vacuum dried to obtain an oxygen evolution electrocatalyst grown in situ on the nickel foam; The oxygen evolution electrocatalyst is a complex of hydrotalcite-like nanosheets and proteins.

2. The method for preparing the protein-templated hydrotalcite-like nanosheet oxygen evolution electrocatalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the modifier is a reducing agent or an oxidizing agent, the reducing agent is selected from at least one of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride, cysteine, reduced glutathione, dithiothreitol, β-mercaptoethanol, dimercaptosuccinic acid, 2-mercaptoethanol, sodium sulfite, and thioglycerol, and the oxidizing agent is selected from at least one of trivalent cobalt salts, chlorates, potassium permanganate, persulfate, potassium dichromate, concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, perchloric acid, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, fluorine gas, chlorine gas, sodium bismuthate, periodic acid, sodium ferrate, lead dioxide, guanidine hydrochloride, trifluoroethanol, hexafluoroisopropanol, and trifluoroacetic acid.

3. The method for preparing the protein-templated hydrotalcite-like nanosheet oxygen evolution electrocatalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the protein is selected from at least one of animal-derived protein and plant-derived protein; The animal-derived protein is at least one of the proteins contained in the following animals: (1) Arthropoda, class Insecta, order Coleoptera: Pederidae, Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Cerambycidae, Chrysomeliformes, Curculionoidea, Dermatophytidae, Cynomoroidea, Hydrocharoidea, Mud Beetles, Cerambycidae, Tiger Beetles, Curculionidae, Coccinellidae, Lampyridae, Cloth Beetles, Cryptolabridae, Thick-horned Coleoptera, and Ground Coleoptera; (2) Arthropoda, Insecta, Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Mylidae, Gall-bee Bees, Sphecidae, Vespidae, Formicidae, Apidae, Tenebrioidae, Sawfly, Woodfly, Parasitic Woodfly, Chrysopidae, Enameled Mylidae, Trichogrammatidae, Mylidae, Mylidae, Hammer-horned Mylidae, Marginal Mylidae, and Broad-bellied Mylidae; (3) Arthropoda, Insecta, Lepidoptera: Microptera, Acanthidae, Xylotomidae, Superfamily Lycopodia, Rapeworms, Carpiomorpha, Limulidae, Torcula, Sciaenidae, Schizomysidae, Schizomysidae, Gnaphal ...; (4) Arthropoda, Crustacea, Macacaridae: Phylum Arthropodidae, Macrophyllidae, Pseudophyllidae, Deep-sea Shrimp, Indian Shrimp, Broad Shrimp, Semi-toed Shrimp, Big-toed Shrimp, Toothed Shrimp, Proto-toed Shrimp, Pseudo-shrimp, Trogidae, Red Shrimp, Crown Shrimp, Lycopodidae, Microshrimp, Square Shrimp, Shrimp, Broad Shrimp, Parashrimp; (5) Arthropoda, class Arachnida, order Araneae: Araneidae, Theridiidae, Theridiidae, Lycosauridae, Salticidae, Scorpionidae, Ixodidae, Acaridae, Tickidae, Red Spiders, Theridiidae, Theridiidae, Ocellidae, Theridiidae, Theridiidae, Theridiidae, Theridiidae, Theridiidae, Theridiidae, Theridiidae; (6) Arthropoda, Arachnida, Scorpionidae: Pseudo-marsh scorpionidae, Pincer scorpionidae, Microscorpionidae, Pig scorpionidae, Marsh scorpionidae, True scorpionidae, Superstitious mountain scorpionidae, Bliss scorpionidae, Hairy scorpionidae, Fearful scorpionidae, Trapped scorpionidae, Semiscorpionidae, Scorpionidae, Heteroscorpionidae, Diploscorpionidae, Thin scorpionidae; (7) Phylum Mollusca, Class Gastropod, Order Cephalopoda: Pseudo-spined Snails, Pseudo-spined Sea Snails, Adidae, Sternidae, Semeno-spined Snails ... (8) Phylum Mollusca, Class Gastropod, Order Aplysia: Cylindrica, Aplysia, Hylostomidae, Hylostomidae, Hylostomidae, Hylostomidae, Hylostomidae, Hylostomidae, Hylostomidae, Hylostomidae; (9) Phylum Mollusca, Class Gastropod, Order Nudibranch: Trionychidae, Trionychidae, Trionychidae, Trionychidae, Trionychidae, Trionychidae, Trionychidae, Trionychidae, Trionychidae, Trionychidae; (10) Phylum Mollusca, Class Cephalopoda, Order Sepiidae: Sepiidae, Subfamily Heteropodinae, Subfamily Sakinocephalae, Subfamily Otocephalae; (11) Phylum Mollusca, Class Cephalopoda, Order Octopus: Octopidae, Giant Octopidae, Corydalis, Cuttlefish, Argonautidae, Heptapodidae, Deep-sea Octopus, Brachycopedidae; (12) Chordata: Acipenseridae, Hypophthalmichthys, Hypophthalmichthys, Neophthalmichthys, Osteoglossidae, Anguilla, Anguidae, Acanthodontidae, Cypriniformes, Gnaphalinae, Salmoniformes, Salmoninae, Herpidae, Salmoniformes, Ophiodontidae ... , Siluriformes, Siluridae, Silversides, Gnathophoridae, Silversides, Gnathophoridae, Gnathophoridae, Gadformes, Gadidae, Ophiopods, Ophiopods, Chrysopidae, Ophiopods, Ophiopods, Ophiopods, Ophiopods, Sphenodontidae, Syngnathidae, Syngnathidae, Syngnathidae, Perciformes, Wrasseniidae, Perciformes, Rockfish, Perciformes, Pomacanthidae, Perciformes, Cichlidae; (13) Chordata, Amphibia, Apodidae: Jellyfish, Anemone, Lumbricidae, Leechidae, Snakes, Sea Cucumbers, Asteridae, Echinoidea, Snails, Mussels, Clams, Calycozoidae; (14) Chordata, class Amphibia, order Caudata: Cryptobranchidae, Ambystoma, Eusalidae, Hypoderma, Pulmonary Salamanders, Amphibia, Caviidae, Costidae, Eudontidae, Fat Salamanders, Blind-eyed Lumbricidae, and Megalostomidae; (15) Chordata, Amphibia, Anura: Toads, Rhacophoridae, Hylacidae, Ceratopogonidae, Mylodactylidae, Microdactylidae; (16) Phylum Chordata: Reptiles: Squamata, Testudinidae, Dermatochelydae, Testudinidae, Cheloniformes, Testudinidae, Testudinidae, Crocodilia, Alligators, Alligators, Alligators; (17) Chordata: Psittaciformes, Cockatielidae, Psittaciformes, Lorikeetidae, Anseriformes, Anatidae, Anseriformes, Anseriformes, Sphenisciformes, Passeriformes, Passeriformes, Corvidae, Passeriformes, and Passeriformes; (18) Chordata: Monotremes: Platypus, Echidna, Perissodactyla, Rhinoceros, Proboscidea; (19) Chordata, Mammalia, Marsupials: Marmosets, Koalas, Bandicoots, Wombats, and Quetzalcoatlus; (20) Chordata, class Mammalia, order Rodentia: Sciuridae, Cricetidae, Bamboo Rhynchomys, Dormouse, Myrmecophaga, Caviidae, Beaver, Flying Squirrel, Porcupine, Lemming, Gerbil, Capybara; (21) Chordata, Mammalia, Chiroptera: Pteropus, Rhinolophus, Hippodrome, Myotis, Long-winged Bat, Brachypterygidae, Fruit Bat; (22) Chordata, Mammalia, Carnivora: Felidae, Canidae, Ursidae, Mustelidae, Lutradae; (23) Chordata, Mammalia, Primates: Hominidae, Gibbon, Loris, Tarsier, Lemuridae; (24) Chordata, Mammalia, Artiodactyla: Camelidae, Suidae, Peccary, Giraffidae, Pronghorn, Cervidae, Musk Deer, Bovidae, Hippopotamidae; (25) Phylum Chordae, Class Mammalia, Order Cetacea: freshwater dolphins, sperm whales, beaked whales, narwhals, sharp-nosed dolphins, dolphins, porpoises, baleen whales, gray whales, right whales, minke whales, beaked whales, fin whales; The plant-derived protein is at least one of the proteins contained in the following plants: (1) Ceratophyllum: Ceratophyllums: Ceratophyllums, ... (2) True Mosses: Axis order, Axis family, Axis order, Hoary moss family, Axis order, Micro-moss family, Corrugated moss order, Corrugated moss family, Beaded moss order, Beaded moss family, True moss order, True moss family, True moss order, Lantern moss family, Shrimp moss order, Shrimp moss family, Tobacco moss order, Tobacco moss family, Brachycera order, Brachycera family, Opposite leaf order, Opposite leaf order, Anti-neon moss family, Gourd moss order, Big cap moss family, Gourd moss order, Gourd moss family, Purple calyx order, Purple calyx order, Purple calyx order, Purple calyx order, Purple calyx order, Purple calyx order, Stone crack moss Mosses, the order of the purple-calyx mosses, the order of the tiger-tail mosses, the order of the yellow-yellow mosses, the order of the oily mosses, the order of the oily mosses, the order of the white mosses, the order of the oily mosses, the order of the velvet-cap mosses, the order of the tree-lime mosses, the order of the tree-lime mosses, the order of the tree-lime mosses, the order of the straight-toothed mosses, the order of the wood-ling mosses, the order of the wood-ling mosses, the order of the ridge-capped mosses, the order of the juniper mosses, the order of the juniper mosses, the order of the water-lichen mosses, the order of the twisted-stem mosses, the order of the water-lichen mosses, the order of the water-lichen mosses, the order of the cold-lichen mosses, the order of the water-lichen mosses, the order of the beautiful-lichen mosses; (3) Eubryophyta, Eubryophyta, Angiospermaceae, Angiospermaceae, Angiospermaceae, Angiospermaceae, Angiospermaceae; (4) True mosses: Onagraceae, Bolognaaceae, Reverse hair mossaceae, Green mossaceae, Wetland mossaceae, Wannian mossaceae, Cryptocapsulariaceae, Silk mossaceae, Brocteraceae, Sphagaceae, Soft tooth mossaceae, Tower mossaceae, Gray mossaceae, Peacock mossaceae, Boat leaf mossaceae, Thin Luo mossaceae, White tooth mossaceae, Crepe mossaceae, Tilapia mossaceae, Golden hair mossaceae, Flat mossaceae, Straight mossaceae, Cotton mossaceae, False fine Luo mossaceae, Axillary mossaceae, Pteridaceae, Golden gray mossaceae, Hairy brocade mossaceae, Heterodontaceae, Weeping mossaceae, Heliconia mossaceae, Brocade mossaceae, Pseudo-thin Luo mossaceae, Sclerophyllaceae, Acanthaceae, Lepiophyllaceae, Thick handle mossaceae; (5) Eubryophytes, Eubryophytes, and Hypobryophytes: Phyllostachys, Candleleafys, Microhylophytes, Botrychnophytes, Arboretum, Hypobryophytes, Thick Lithophytes, Echinopsaceae, and Light Mosses; (6) True mosses: Black mosses, Black mosses, Black mosses, Black mosses, True mosses: Long mosses, Long mosses, Long mosses, True mosses: Golden mosses, Golden mosses, Golden mosses, True mosses: Sphagnum mosses, Sphagnum mosses, True mosses: Sphagnum mosses, True mosses: Sphagnum mosses, True mosses: Algae mosses, Algae mosses, True mosses: Tetradentata mosses, Tetradentata mosses, Tetradentata mosses; (7) Chlorophyta, Chlorophyta: Bryophyceae, ... (8) Chlorophyta, Chlorophyta, Acrophyceae, Acrophyceae, Gymnophyceae, Gymnophyceae, Gymnophyceae, Gymnophyceae, Dauerlys ... (9) Marchantia: Bracteaceae, Microphylla, Microphylla, Nanximeiaceae, Forkleaf, Forkleaf, Greenleaf, Bandleaf, Bandleaf, Mossleaf, Bandleaf, Purpleleaf, Purpleleaf, Light-calyx, Ear-leaf, Light-calyx, Hair-ear, Light-calyx, Fine-scale, Light-calyx, Eye-calyx, Light-calyx, Flat-calyx, Hair-leaf, Hair-leaf, New-leaf; (10) Phyllophyllous order: Acrocalyceae, Cryptocapsulariaceae, Erectleafaceae, Leptocarpaceae, Pocillopora, Eyelashaceae, Capsulariaceae, Macrocalyceae, Pseudo-macrocalyceae, Geocalyceae, Holocyceae, Fusariumaceae, Shearleafaceae, Longicyceae, Armoraceae, Leafmoss, Complexaceae, Fingerleafmoss, Toothcalyceae, Splitleafmoss, Beardmoss, Microcalyceae, Pseudocalyceae, Feathermoss, Pseudo-complexaceae, Scutellariaceae, Synophyllaceae, Diplocoleaceae, Tubemoss, Horizontalleafmoss, Velvetmoss; (11) Phylum Ranunculaceae, Class Ranunculales: Verruco-crown family, Star-hole family, Snake family, Flowery family, Liverwort family, Dioscorea family, Light family, Single-month family, Money family, Leather-leaf family, Wesley family; (12) Rhodophyta: Acrophyceae, Acrophyceae, Ignaec ... (13) Rhodophyta, Rhodophyta, and Taxodium: Stem-spined algae, Gelatophyceae, Endophyceae, Taxodium, Myxocystis, Hyalariaceae, Hyalariaceae, Hyalariaceae, Hyalariaceae, Hyalariaceae, Hyalariaceae, Hyalariaceae, Hyalariaceae, Hyalariaceae, Hyalariaceae, Hyalariaceae, Hyalariaceae, Hyalariaceae, Hyalariaceae, Hyalariaceae; (14) Vascular plants, class Equisetum: Alsophilales, Cyathophytes, family Cyathophytes, family Cyathophytes, family Equisetaceae, family Diplophyllaceae, family Diplophyllaceae, family Diplophyllaceae, family Hymenopterales, family Hymenopterales, family Hymenopterales, family Hymenopteraceae, family Osmanthaceae, family Pinaceae, family Sophora, family Sophora, family Sophora, family Cyperaceae, family Cyperaceae; (15) Vascular plants, class Equisetaceae, order Polypodiaceae: Aspleniaceae, Aspleniaceae, Pterid ... (16) Vascular plants: Acorusales, Acorus family; Palmaceae; Schisandraceae; Boraginaceae; Buxusales, Buxus family; Celastraceae; Ceratophyllum family; Ceratophyllum family; Chrysanthemum family; Commelinaceae; Commelinaceae; Commelinaceae; Commelinaceae; Commelinaceae; Cornaceae; Cornaceae; Hydrangeaceae; Cornaceae; Cyanophyllum family; Tassel family; Tassel family; Pentacarpaceae; Cucurbitaceae; Cucurbitaceae; Begoniaceae; Cucurbitaceae; Moracaceae; Cucurbitaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreaceae; The order Acanthaceae, the order Leguminosae, the order Polygala, the order Merantiaceae, the order Psoralea, the order Psoralea, the order Eucommia, the order Geraniales, the order Decapoda, the order Psoralea, the order Psoralea, the order Psoralea, the order Psoralea, the order Psoralea, the order Psoralea, the order Psoralea, the order Psoralea, the order Psoralea, the order Psoralea, the order Psoralea, the order Psoralea, the order Psoralea, the order Psoralea, the order Psoralea, the order Psoralea, the order Psoralea, the order Vitis, the order Vitis; the order Vitis; (17) Vascular plants: Alismataceae, Araceae, Araceae, Asteraceae, Asteraceae, Asteraceae, Asteraceae, Aquaticaceae, Aquaticaceae, Aquaticaceae, Aquaticaceae, Aquaticaceae, Aquaticaceae, Aquaticaceae, Aquaticaceae, Aquaticaceae, Aquaticaceae, Aquaticaceae, Aquaticaceae; (18) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Apiaceae, Araliaceae, Pittosporaceae, and Coleopsaceae; (19) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Aquilegiaceae: Aquilegiaceae, Aquilegiaceae, Aquilegiaceae; (20) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Asparagales: Asparagaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asphodelaceae, Curculigoaceae, Iridaceae, Orchidaceae; (21) Vascular plants: Magnoliaceae, Asterales, Asteraceae, Campanulaceae, Menymaceae, Pentaphyllum, Stylophyllum; (22) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Cruciferae: Cruciferae, Glechomaea, Carica, Caricaceae, Moringaceae, Meliaceae, Echinopsaceae, Nasturtiumaceae; (23) Vascular plants: Caryophyllaceae, Aizoaceae, Amaranthaceae, Uncariaceae, Basella, Cactaceae, Droseraceae, Petalopsis, Pinaceae, Cornaceae, Nepenthesaceae, Mirabilis, Allium, Phytolaccae, Pleurotus, Polygonaceae, Portulaceae, Glechomae, Salicaceae; (24) Vascular plants: Ericaceae, Actinidiaceae, Impatiens, Alnus, Ixigera, Diospyros, Ericaceae, Leydigaceae, Cyperaceae, Pentaphyllum, Allium, Primulaceae, Sapotaceae, Costaceae, Styracaceae, Asteraceae, Theaceae; (25) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Fagales: Fagaceae, Betulaceae, Casuarinaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, Myricaceae; (26)) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Gentianales: Gentianaceae, Apocynaceae, Gelsemium, Gentianaceae, Loganaceae, Rubiaceae; (27) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Labiatae: Lamiaceae, Acanthaceae, Bignoniaceae, Vanillaceae, Gesneriaceae, Utriculariaceae, Matricariaceae, Ceratoniaceae, Aquilegiaceae, Oleaceae, Orobanchaceae, Paulowniaceae, Sesamaceae, Penicillaceae, Plantaginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Verbenaceae, and Aglaonema; (28) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Liliales: Liliaceae, Colchicumaceae, Hostaceae, Veratrum, Smilaxaceae; (29) Vascular plants: Malpurinae, Echinopsaceae, Echinopsaceae, Anshenaceae, Garciniaceae, Pomacantha, Stellariaceae, Corydalis, Euphorbiaceae, Hypericaceae, Glutinaceae, Linaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Cyperaceae, Passifloraceae, Arboraceae, Phyllanthaceae, Carexaceae, Drupaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Salicaceae, Violaceae; (30) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Malvaceae: Malvaceae, Malvaceae, Helianthaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Thymelaeaceae; (31) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Myrtales: Myrtaceae, Combretaceae, Cryptomeriaceae, Lythraceae, Melastomataceae, Onagraceae; (32) Vascular plants, Magnoliales, Pandanaceae: Pandanaceae, Stemonaceae, Mycorrhizae, and Featherleafaceae; (33) Vascular plants: Magnoliaceae, Poaceae, Bromeliaceae, Cyperaceae, Cyperaceae, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Sphagaceae, Juncaceae, Typhaceae, and Cyperaceae; (34) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Proteales: Proteaceae, Nelumboceae, Platanaceae, and Ceropegiaceae; (35) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae, Berberidaceae, Astrophyllaceae, Akebiaceae, Menispermaceae, Papaveraceae; (36) Vascular plants: Magnoliaceae, Rosaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Moraceae, Rhamnaceae, Rosaceae, Ulmaceae, Urticaceae; (37) Vascular plants: Magnoliaceae, Santalum orders: Santalaceae, Cyperaceae, Cyperaceae, Cyperaceae, Loranthaceae, Aspergillus family, Citronaceae, Santalaceae, Cyperaceae, and Malvaceae; (38) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Sapindaceae: Sapindaceae, Anacardiaceae, Botrytis cinerea, Oleaceae, Meliaceae, Nitraria tanguticaceae, Rutaceae, Simsinaceae; (39) Vascular plants: Magnoliaceae, Saxifragales: Saxifragaceae, Mycorrhizaceae, Cynomorium, Sansevieriaceae, Ribesaceae, Echinochloa, Hamamelidaceae, Myristicaceae, Paeoniaceae, Psoralea, Saxifragaceae; (40) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Solanales: Solanaceae, Convolvulaceae, Acanthaceae, Sphenopalmataceae; (41) Vascular plants, Magnoliaceae, Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae, Cannaceae, Zingiberaceae, Orchidaceae, Marantaceae, Musaceae, Strelitziaceae; (42) Vascular plants: Araucariaces, Araucariaceae, Araucariaces, Podocarpaceae, Cupressaceae, Cupressaceae, Cupressaceae, Taxaceae, Cycadales, Cycadaceae, Ephedales, Ephedraceae, Ginkgoales, Ginkgoaceae, Gnetaceae, Pinaceae, Pinaceae, and Machilaceae.

4. The method for preparing the protein-templated hydrotalcite-like nanosheet oxygen evolution electrocatalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the protein is selected from at least one of lysozyme, bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, lactoferrin, whey albumin, insulin, α-lactalbumin, fibrinogen, β-lactoglobulin, Aβ peptide, prion protein, α-synuclein, cystatin C, huntingtin protein, immunoglobulin, ribonuclease A, cytochrome c, α-amylase, horseradish peroxidase, pepsin, myoglobin, collagen, keratin, hemoglobin, DNA polymerase, casein, soy protein, pea protein, zein, gliadin, gluten, oat protein, potato protein, hemp seed protein, walnut protein, rapeseed protein, hazelnut protein, quinoa protein, sunflower seed protein, pumpkin seed protein, black sesame protein, mushroom protein, red algae protein, legumin, barley protein, wheat protein, millet protein, gluten, kidney bean protein, casein, collagen, and catalase.

5. The method for preparing the protein-templated hydrotalcite-like nanosheet oxygen evolution electrocatalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the concentration of the modifier in the modifier solution is 1 to 50 mg / mL; the concentration of the protein in the protein aqueous solution is 10 to 150 mg / mL.

6. The method for preparing the protein-templated hydrotalcite-like nanosheet oxygen evolution electrocatalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the concentration of the modifier in the modifier solution is 5 to 30 mg / mL; the concentration of the protein in the protein aqueous solution is 40 to 100 mg / mL.

7. The method for preparing the protein-templated hydrotalcite-like nanosheet oxygen evolution electrocatalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the buffer solution is a saturated aqueous solution of any one of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid, phosphate, N,N-dihydroxyethylglycine, piperazine-1,4-diethanesulfonic acid, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-3-propanesulfonic acid, 3-(N-morpholinyl)-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid, and 3-(cyclohexylamino)-1-propanesulfonic acid.

8. The method for preparing the protein-templated hydrotalcite-like nanosheet oxygen evolution electrocatalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the volume ratio of the modifier solution to the protein aqueous solution is 1 to 10:

1.

9. The method for preparing the protein-templated hydrotalcite-like nanosheet oxygen evolution electrocatalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the concentration of the metal ion precursor in the metal ion precursor aqueous solution is 10-1000 mmol / L; the volume ratio of the protein sol template to the metal ion precursor aqueous solution and the alkaline solution is 1:0.25-25:0.01-1.

10. The method for preparing the protein-templated hydrotalcite-like nanosheet oxygen evolution electrocatalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the concentration of the metal ion precursor in the metal ion precursor aqueous solution is 250-850 mmol / L; the volume ratio of the protein sol template to the metal ion precursor aqueous solution and the alkaline solution is 1:1-10:0.05-0.

5.

11. The method for preparing the protein-templated hydrotalcite-like nanosheet oxygen evolution electrocatalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal ion precursor is selected from any one or more of cobalt acetate, nickel acetate tetrahydrate, zinc chloride, ferrous chloride tetrahydrate, chromium nitrate nonahydrate, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, gallium (III) nitrate hydrate, molybdenum acetylacetonate, copper nitrate, manganese nitrate, tetraisopropyl titanate lead chloride, silver nitrate, bismuth chloride, antimony chloride, cadmium chloride, rhenium chloride, tin chloride, palladium chloride, germanium chloride, vanadium chloride, calcium chloride, and niobium chloride.

12. The method for preparing the protein-templated hydrotalcite-like nanosheet oxygen evolution electrocatalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the alkaline solution is an aqueous solution of any one of ammonia water, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide; wherein the volume concentration of the aqueous solution of ammonia water is 25% to 28%, and the concentration of the aqueous solution of any one of sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide is 0.1 to 1 mol / L.

13. The method for preparing the protein-templated hydrotalcite-like nanosheet oxygen evolution electrocatalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrotalcite-like substance is selected from any one of the following: (1) Monometallic hydrotalcites: Co, Ni, Zn, Fe, Cu, Al, Mg, Mn, Ti, Cr, Mo, Bi, Sb, Cd, Re, Sn, Pd, Ag, Ge; (2) Binary hydrotalcite: CoCr, CoFe, CoAl, NiCo, NiFe, NiAl, MnCo, CuNi, FeAl, ZnAl, MgAl, MnAl, CoZn, CuAl, TiAl, ZnMg, CoMg, MgMn, CuMn, TiZn, FeZn, ZnCr, PbAl, AgAl, Val, MnZn; (3) Ternary hydrotalcites: FeCoNi, CoMnFe, NiCoMn, AlCoFe, CuCoFe, NiMnFe, CoNiAl, ZnAlMg, MnFeAl, CuZnAl, CdAlZn, ZnFeAl, CaAlFe, CoMnAl, NbAlZn, VAlZn, CoVAl; (4) Quaternary hydrotalcite: FeCoNiGa, FeCoNiMo, FeCoNiCr, NiCoMnFe, NiCoAlFe, CoMnNiAl, CuCoNiAl, CoCuMnNi, NiCoAlZn, CoMnAlZn, ZnCoAlCu, MgAlZnFe, CdAlMnZn, FeAlZnCo, CuMnAlZn, CoCrZnAl; (5) Pentacyclic hydrotalcites: FeCoNiGaMo, FeCoNiMoCr, NiCoMnAlFe, NiCoMnZnAl, CoCuFeMnAl, MnCoNiAlCu, NiCoZnAlCu, CoMnAlZnMg, ZnCoAlFeTi, MgAlCoCuMn, FeCoZnAlTi, NbAlCoZnFe, CaLiCoZnAl.

14. The protein-templated hydrotalcite-like nanosheet oxygen evolution electrocatalyst obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

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