Composite optical structure for optimizing three-dimensional light field display image quality

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite optical structure for optimizing three-dimensional light field display image quality, belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional light field display, and solves the problems of poor edge image display quality and low information utilization rate of an existing three-dimensional light field display system. The composite optical structure comprises a composite optical structure body of a central symmetry structure, and the composite optical structure body comprises a display panel, a first lens array layer, a diaphragm layer and a second lens array layer which are sequentially arranged in the light beam propagation direction. The composite optical structure main body can provide a certain optimal viewing area for a viewer, and in the optimal viewing area, the quality of each area of an image viewed by the viewer is kept consistent and clear, so that the utilization rate of information displayed by a three-dimensional light field is improved, and the viewing definition and comfort are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional light field display, and in particular to a composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of three-dimensional light field display. Background Art

[0002] 3D light field display technology is a widely used 3D display technology that is used to provide a more realistic and immersive 3D visual experience. Unlike traditional 2D display technology, 3D light field display can capture and reproduce the directional information of light, thereby achieving a natural 3D visual effect without the need for special glasses or head tracking equipment.

[0003] However, when viewing the existing three-dimensional light field display system, the central display area is clearer than the edge display area. This is because during the system design and optimization stage, when optimizing the light control structure unit of the three-dimensional display system, the optimization of optical indicators such as optical dispersion spots and aberrations is often limited to the front area of ​​the light control structure unit, which has a certain angle limitation. When viewing the center of the screen, the viewer is generally located in the front area of ​​the light control structure unit, and the optical dispersion spots and aberrations of the viewed image meet the design standards. However, when the viewer views the edge of the screen, the angle between the viewer's position and the edge of the screen often exceeds the angle optimized for the light control structure unit, resulting in the optical dispersion spots and aberrations caused by the light control structure unit when viewing the edge of the screen greater than the design indicators, resulting in poor image quality and low information utilization at the edge of the three-dimensional light field, which reduces viewing clarity and comfort. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a composite optical structure for optimizing the quality of three-dimensional light field display images, thereby solving the problems of poor edge image display quality and low information utilization rate in the existing three-dimensional light field display system.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of a three-dimensional light field display, comprising a composite optical structure body of a centrally symmetrical structure, the composite optical structure body comprising a display panel, a first lens array layer, an aperture layer, and a second lens array layer sequentially arranged along a light beam propagation direction; the display panel is used to project a light beam to the first lens array layer; the first lens array layer comprises a plurality of first lenses distributed in an array; the aperture layer comprises a plurality of light-transmitting openings distributed in an array; the second lens array layer comprises a plurality of second lenses distributed in an array; wherein the plurality of first lenses, the plurality of light-transmitting openings, and the plurality of second lenses are in a one-to-one correspondence, and the light beam passing through each first lens sequentially passes through the corresponding light-transmitting opening and a second lens; each first lens and the corresponding second lens constitute a composite eccentric lens group, and the eccentric angle of each composite eccentric lens group increases with the distance away from the center line of the composite optical structure body; the first lens, the light-transmitting opening and the second lens located on the center line of the composite optical structure body are respectively the central first lens, the central light-transmitting opening and the central second lens whose center lines coincide; the viewing distance D of the second lens array layer has an optimal viewing area that consistently displays a full-area three-dimensional image, and the angle between the two farthest points in the optimal viewing area and the center point of the inner end surface of the central second lens is the maximum viewing angle θ, and the viewing distance D and the maximum viewing angle θ respectively satisfy the following relationship:

[0007]

[0008] Among them, n is the number of composite eccentric lens groups located on one side of the center line of the composite optical structure body; p1 is the pitch between two adjacent first lenses, p2 is the pitch between two adjacent second lenses; d is the spacing between the first lens array layer and the second lens array layer; γ is the largest optimal field of view angle of each composite eccentric lens group.

[0009] The beneficial effect of this solution is that the application of the composite optical structure body in the three-dimensional display system can provide a certain optimal viewing area for the viewer. Within the optimal viewing area, the quality of each area of ​​the image viewed by the viewer will remain consistent and clear, thereby not only improving the information utilization rate of the three-dimensional light field display, but also improving the clarity and comfort of viewing. The eccentric angle gradient design of the composite eccentric lens group combined with the strict optical parameter relationship eliminates the edge field aberration of the existing three-dimensional light field display system, making the display quality of the center and edge of the screen consistent.

[0010] Furthermore, the opening width of each light-transmitting opening is smaller than the distance between the centers of two adjacent light-transmitting openings. By setting the opening width of the light-transmitting opening in this way, precise control of the light beam passing through the light-transmitting opening is achieved, and light scattering and interference are reduced, thereby improving image quality.

[0011] Furthermore, the pitch p1 between two adjacent first lenses is greater than or equal to the pitch p2 between two adjacent second lenses. Setting the pitch of the first lens array layer and the first lens array layer in this way optimizes the layout of the lens array and ensures the uniformity and consistency of the light beam when passing through the lens array.

[0012] Furthermore, a pitch p2 between two adjacent second lenses is greater than or equal to a distance between centers of two adjacent light-transmitting openings.

[0013] Furthermore, light within the optimal field of view angle range forms multiple diffuse spots on the display panel through multiple composite eccentric lens groups, and the root mean square radius of the multiple diffuse spots is consistent and smaller than the minimum sub-pixel size of the display panel, ensuring that the diffuse spots do not affect the display.

[0014] Furthermore, the distance z between the display panel and the first lens array layer satisfies the relationship:

[0015]

[0016] Wherein, f1 and f2 are the focal lengths of the lenses of the first lens array layer and the second lens array layer respectively.

[0017] Furthermore, the number of the composite eccentric lens groups is 2n+1, where n is the number of the composite eccentric lens groups located on one side of the center line of the composite optical structure body, thereby ensuring the rationality of the number and layout of the composite eccentric lens groups, further optimizing the design of the optical structure, and improving the image quality.

[0018] Furthermore, the first lens and the second lens are made of one or more of glass, plastic and optical resin. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the optimal viewing area and the maximum viewing angle in the composite optical structure;

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the encoding of the composite optical structure;

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the eccentric angle of the compound eccentric lens group;

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of coding of the first lens array layer;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a one-dimensional linear lens unit;

[0024] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a two-dimensional lens unit;

[0025] Figure 7Schematic diagram of the coding of the aperture layer;

[0026] Among them: 1. a first lens array layer; 2. an aperture layer; 3. a second lens array layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] refer to Figure 1 This embodiment provides a composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of three-dimensional light field display, including a composite optical structure body with a centrally symmetrical structure, wherein the composite optical structure body includes a first lens array layer 1, an aperture layer 2, and a second lens array layer 3 which are sequentially arranged along the propagation direction of a light beam.

[0030] The first lens array layer 1 is the first layer of the composite optical structure body, and the display panel is covered below it; the aperture layer 2 is the second layer of the composite optical structure body, and the first lens array layer 1 is below it, which can limit the area through which the light beam can pass; the second lens array layer 3 is the third layer of the composite optical structure body, and the aperture layer 2 is below it.

[0031] The distance z between the display panel and the first lens array layer 1 satisfies the relationship:

[0032]

[0033] Wherein, f1 and f2 are the focal lengths of the lenses of the first lens array layer 1 and the second lens array layer 3 respectively; and d is the distance between the first lens array layer 1 and the second lens array layer 3.

[0034] As a further solution of this embodiment, refer to Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the first lens array layer 1 includes a plurality of first lenses distributed in an array. The pitch of two adjacent first lenses is p1. The first lens array layer 1 can be a one-dimensional linear lens unit, such as an array structure composed of cylindrical lens units. When the layer is composed of one-dimensional linear lens units, the lens at the center of the layer is defined as the central first lens, represented by X0, and the first lenses arranged from the position of the central first lens to the edge of the first lens array layer 1 are sequentially denoted as X1 to X n , X nIt means that there are n first lenses on both sides of the central first lens.

[0035] As another solution of this embodiment, refer to Figure 6 The first lens array layer 1 can be an array structure composed of two-dimensional lens units, such as circular lens units and rectangular lens units. When the layer is composed of two-dimensional lens units, the lens at the center of the layer is defined as the central lens, which is represented by X 00 , arranged from the location of the lens to the surroundings, the number of rows and columns from the central lens is recorded as X nm , X nm It means that the central lens has n lenses above and below, and m lenses on the left and right.

[0036] refer to Figure 7 The aperture layer 2 is composed of apertures arranged with a period of T, forming a plurality of light-transmitting openings distributed in an array.

[0037] As a further solution of this embodiment, the aperture layer 2 is an array structure composed of one-dimensional aperture units.

[0038] The numbering rule of the aperture layer 2 is consistent with the numbering method of the lens units of the first lens array layer 1, and is divided into two schemes: the layer is composed of a one-dimensional aperture and the layer is composed of a two-dimensional aperture.

[0039] In this embodiment, when the aperture layer 2 is composed of a one-dimensional aperture, the center position of the layer corresponds to the center of a certain aperture light-transmitting opening, and the aperture is defined as the central aperture, which is represented by K0. Starting from the position of the aperture to the edge of the aperture layer 2, the apertures arranged are represented by K n It means that there are n apertures on both sides of the central aperture.

[0040] As another solution of this embodiment, when the aperture layer 2 is composed of two-dimensional lens units, the center position of the layer corresponds to the center of a certain aperture light-transmitting opening, and the aperture is defined as the central aperture, which is represented by K. 00 , arranged from the location of the aperture to the surroundings, and the number of rows and columns from the central aperture is recorded as K nm , K nm It means that there are n lenses on the left and right of the central lens, and m lenses on the top and bottom.

[0041] The second lens array layer 3 is constructed in the same manner as the first lens array layer 1, and includes a plurality of second lenses distributed in an array, and the second lenses are numbered by the letter Y. The center of the central lens of the first lens array layer 1, the center of the central aperture of the aperture layer 2, and the center of the central lens of the second lens array layer 3 are located on the same straight line and are arranged vertically relative to the composite optical structure plane.

[0042] refer to Figure 3, wherein the multiple first lenses, the multiple light-transmitting openings and the multiple second lenses are in a one-to-one correspondence, and the light beam passing through each first lens passes through the corresponding light-transmitting opening and the second lens in sequence; each first lens and the corresponding second lens constitute a composite eccentric lens group, and the eccentric angle of each composite eccentric lens group increases with the distance away from the center line of the composite optical structure body. The eccentric angle α of the mth composite eccentric lens group m , satisfying the following relationship:

[0043]

[0044] Wherein, p1 is the pitch between two adjacent first lenses, p2 is the pitch between two adjacent second lenses; and d is the distance between the first lens array layer 1 and the second lens array layer 3.

[0045] refer to Figure 1 , the first lens, the light-transmitting opening, and the second lens located on the center line of the composite optical structure body are respectively the central first lens, the central light-transmitting opening, and the central second lens whose center lines coincide with each other; the second lens array layer 3 has an optimal viewing area at a viewing distance D that uniformly displays a full-area three-dimensional image, and the angle between the two farthest points in the optimal viewing area and the center point of the inner end surface of the central second lens is the maximum viewing angle θ, and the viewing distance D and the maximum viewing angle θ respectively satisfy the following relationship:

[0046]

[0047] Wherein, n is the number of the composite eccentric lens groups located on one side of the center line of the composite optical structure body; p1 is the pitch between two adjacent first lenses, and p2 is the pitch between two adjacent second lenses; d is the spacing between the first lens array layer 1 and the second lens array layer 3; γ is the optimal field angle of each composite eccentric lens group; α max is the maximum eccentric angle of the composite eccentric lens group. Light within the optimal field of view angle γ forms multiple diffuse spots on the display panel through multiple composite eccentric lens groups. The root mean square radius of the multiple diffuse spots is consistent and smaller than the minimum sub-pixel size of the display panel, ensuring that the diffuse spots do not affect the display.

[0048] Within the maximum viewing angle θ, that is, within the optimal viewing area, the quality of each area of ​​the image viewed by the viewer will remain consistently clear, which not only improves the information utilization of the three-dimensional light field display, but also improves the clarity and comfort of viewing.

[0049] As a further solution of this embodiment, the pitch p1 of the first lens array layer 1 and the width K of the mth light-transmitting opening are m , the pitch p2 of the second lens array layer 3 and the period T of the aperture satisfy the relationship: K m<T≤p2≤p1。

[0050] Example 2

[0051] This embodiment is further limited on the basis of Embodiment 1. The specific improvement lies in how to provide a specific size based on the composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of three-dimensional light field display. For other parts not mentioned, refer to Embodiment 1 or the prior art.

[0052] In this embodiment, reference Figure 1 The length and width of the composite optical structure body are 345.6 mm × 194.4 mm, and the pixel resolution of the display panel is 3840 × 2160. The pitch of the first lens array layer 1 is p1 = 300 μm, the pitch of the first lens array layer 1 is p2 = 295 μm, and the distance between the first lens array layer 1 and the second lens array layer 3 is d = 5 mm. The maximum eccentricity angle α of the edge composite eccentric lens group is calculated max for:

[0053]

[0054] in,

[0055] When the optimal viewing angle γ of the composite eccentric lens group is 30°, at a viewing distance of D = 50 cm, the maximum viewing angle θ formed at the viewing distance D can be calculated as:

[0056]

[0057] Compared with the prior art, the novel composite optical structure proposed in this embodiment can effectively improve the image quality of the viewing area, ensuring that the image quality of the edge area and the center area of ​​the display viewed by the viewer within the maximum viewing angle is consistent and clear.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] This embodiment is further limited on the basis of Embodiment 1. The specific improvement lies in how to provide a specific size based on the composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of three-dimensional light field display. For other parts not mentioned, refer to Embodiment 1 or the prior art.

[0060] In this implementation, reference Figure 1 The length and width of the composite optical structure body are 345.6 mm × 194.4 mm, and the pixel resolution of the display panel is 3840 × 2160. The pitch of the first lens array layer 1 is p1 = 300 μm, the pitch of the first lens array layer 1 is p2 = 290 μm, and the distance between the first lens array layer 1 and the second lens array layer 3 is d = 5 mm. The maximum eccentricity angle α of the edge composite eccentric lens group is calculated max for:

[0061]

[0062] in

[0063] When the optimal viewing angle γ of the composite eccentric lens group is 30°, at a viewing distance of D = 50 cm, the optimal viewing angle θ formed at the viewing distance D can be calculated as:

[0064]

[0065] Compared with the prior art, the novel composite optical structure proposed in this embodiment can effectively improve the image quality of the viewing area, ensuring that the image quality of the edge area and the center area of ​​the display viewed by the viewer within the maximum viewing angle is consistent and clear.

[0066] Although the specific implementation of the invention is described in detail in conjunction with the drawings, it should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of this patent. Within the scope described in the claims, various modifications and variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work still fall within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. A composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of a three-dimensional light field display, characterized in that: The composite optical structure body comprises a centrally symmetrical structure, wherein the composite optical structure body comprises a display panel, a first lens array layer (1), an aperture layer (2) and a second lens array layer (3) which are sequentially arranged along a light beam propagation direction; The display panel is used to project a light beam onto the first lens array layer (1); The first lens array layer (1) comprises a plurality of first lenses distributed in an array; The aperture layer (2) comprises a plurality of light-transmitting openings distributed in an array; The second lens array layer (3) comprises a plurality of second lenses distributed in an array; Wherein, a plurality of the first lenses, a plurality of the light-transmitting openings and a plurality of the second lenses are in a one-to-one correspondence, and a light beam passing through each first lens passes through the corresponding light-transmitting opening and the second lens in sequence; each first lens and the corresponding second lens constitute a composite eccentric lens group, and the eccentric angle of each composite eccentric lens group increases with the distance away from the center line of the composite optical structure body; the first lens, the light-transmitting opening and the second lens located on the center line of the composite optical structure body are respectively the central first lens, the central light-transmitting opening and the central second lens whose center lines coincide with each other; The second lens array layer (3) has an optimal viewing area at a viewing distance D that uniformly displays a full-area three-dimensional image, and the angle between the two points farthest apart in the optimal viewing area and the center point of the inner end surface of the central second lens is the maximum viewing angle θ. The viewing distance D and the maximum viewing angle θ respectively satisfy the following relationship: Wherein, n is the number of composite eccentric lens groups located on one side of the center line of the composite optical structure body; p1 is the pitch between two adjacent first lenses, and p2 is the pitch between two adjacent second lenses; d is the spacing between the first lens array layer (1) and the second lens array layer (3); and γ is the largest optimal field of view angle of each composite eccentric lens group.

2. The composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of three-dimensional light field display according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening width of each light-transmitting opening is smaller than the distance between the centers of two adjacent light-transmitting openings.

3. The composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of three-dimensional light field display according to claim 2, characterized in that: A pitch p1 between two adjacent first lenses is greater than or equal to a pitch p2 between two adjacent second lenses.

4. The composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of three-dimensional light field display according to claim 3, characterized in that: A pitch p2 between two adjacent second lenses is greater than or equal to a distance between centers of two adjacent light-transmitting openings.

5. The composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of three-dimensional light field display according to claim 1, characterized in that: Light within the optimal viewing angle range forms a plurality of diffuse spots on the display panel through a plurality of the composite eccentric lens groups, and the root mean square radii of the plurality of diffuse spots are consistent and are all smaller than the minimum sub-pixel size of the display panel.

6. The composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of three-dimensional light field display according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance z between the display panel and the first lens array layer (1) satisfies the relationship: Wherein, f1 and f2 are respectively the focal lengths of the lenses of the first lens array layer (1) and the second lens array layer (3).

7. The composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of three-dimensional light field display according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the composite eccentric lens groups is 2n+1, where n is the number of the composite eccentric lens groups located on one side of the center line of the composite optical structure body.

8. The composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of three-dimensional light field display according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first lens and the second lens are made of one or more of glass, plastic and optical resin.

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