Nutrition water retention pad for artificially cultivating moss crust

Abstract

The invention discloses a nutritional water-retaining pad for artificially cultivating moss crust. A preparation method of the nutritional water-retaining pad comprises the following steps: S1, mixing grass seeds, soil, a fertilizer and a water-retaining material to prepare composite nutritional planting soil; s2, laying a layer of degradable plastic net on the surface of the planting soil, and scattering a layer of waste natural fibers on the surface of the plastic net; the composite nutrient planting soil is scattered on the waste natural fibers; s3, the step S2 is repeated, and the number of laying layers is two or more; s4, watering to keep the soil moist until grass grows to 20 cm or above, cutting stubbles with the length of 2-4 cm, shoveling the stubbles along the plastic net at the bottommost layer, and air-drying and compacting the stubbles to obtain the nutritional water-retaining pad for artificially cultivating moss crust. According to the nutritional water-retaining pad prepared by the method, a three-dimensional net structure formed by mutual interpenetration of the degradable plastic net, the waste natural fibers and the grass roots is used as a matrix, soil, fertilizers and water-retaining materials are loaded in the matrix, and all the parts are uniformly distributed, so that the nutritional water-retaining pad not only has good mobility, but also can provide rich nutrition and moisture for artificially cultivated moss crust.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of moss crust cultivation, and in particular to a nutrient water-retaining pad used for artificially cultivating moss crust. Background Art

[0002] Biological crust is one of the main plants in desertified areas and plays an important role in the ecosystem. It has important ecological values ​​such as strong resistance to wind and water erosion. It is an important type of surface cover in arid and semi-arid areas. It is also a key link in ecological restoration technology and an important component of ecological governance projects. Biological crust can effectively increase the nutrient content in the soil, prevent and control soil erosion and geological disasters, promote the formation of soil aggregates, and effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Moss crust is a very complex complex formed by the cementation of cryptogamous mosses, soil microorganisms and other related organisms on the soil surface particles through mycelium, rhizoids and secretions. It is one of the important surface cover landscape features widely distributed in the harsh environment of cold and arid areas. Its coverage accounts for more than 40% of the living cover of the desert surface, and it is an important builder and component of the desert ecosystem. A large number of systematic studies have proved that moss crust is an important sign of surface stability in sandy areas. However, under natural conditions, the formation of moss crust takes 10 to 20 years or even longer. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a nutrient and water-retaining mat for artificially cultivating moss crusts. The present invention breaks through the water and nutrient constraints in arid areas, aims at soil habitat restoration, and has the advantages of short construction period, good stability, high sand fixation efficiency, good sand control effect, wide application range, and easy operation.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0005] The first aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a nutrient water-retaining pad for artificially cultivating moss crusts, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. The grass seeds, soil, fertilizer and water-retaining materials are mixed to prepare a composite nutrient planting soil;

[0007] S2. Laying a layer of degradable plastic net on the surface of the planting soil, and sprinkling a layer of waste natural fiber on the surface of the plastic net; sprinkling the composite nutrient planting soil on the waste natural fiber;

[0008] S3. Repeat step S2, laying two or more layers;

[0009] S4. Sprinkle water to keep the soil moist until the grass grows to more than 20 cm, mow with 2 to 4 cm stubble, shovel along the bottom layer of plastic mesh, air-dry and compact, and obtain the nutrient and water-retaining mat for artificial cultivation of moss crust.

[0010] The present invention adopts a degradable plastic net as a matrix, so that the nutrient water-retaining pad forms an integral body in the horizontal direction, and a composite nutrient planting soil is laid between the degradable plastic net layers as a matrix layer for the growth of grass seeds, and filamentous waste natural fibers are mixed at the same time. During the growth of grass seeds, the roots of each layer of grass pass through the mesh of the degradable plastic net, the grass of the top layer grows upward, some of the grass in the middle layer can grow upward through the mesh, and some of the grass that does not pass through the mesh will grow horizontally, and its stem and root system are interwoven with the waste natural fibers at the same time, and the waste natural fibers are interwoven with the degradable plastic net, so that the nutrient water-retaining pad forms an integral body in the vertical direction, so that the nutrient water-retaining pad has good mechanical properties, can be separated from the soil surface as a whole, and improves the movable performance of the nutrient water-retaining pad. The degradable plastic net and the waste natural fibers have biodegradable properties, and are used as a nutrient matrix in the early stage of moss growth, and are gradually degraded during the later stage of moss growth, so that the moss root system and the transplant soil are integrated. The water-retaining material can absorb and slowly release water, which is conducive to the growth of moss crust in arid areas or desert areas. Fertilizer can provide nutrition for the growth of grass seeds, and also provide necessary nutrients for the later cultivation of moss crusts, which is conducive to shortening the cultivation cycle of moss crusts. After the grass plants are mowed, the nutrient water-retaining mat is air-dried as a whole, and a grass mat is naturally formed after compaction. The grass straw has a hollow structure, which can be used as a water-retaining material on the one hand, and on the other hand, it is degraded to form organic fertilizer when cultivating moss crusts. In addition, because the moss root system is very small and difficult to attach, it is easy to separate from the soil when the wind blows. The hollow structure of the dry grass straw can fix the moss seed source.

[0011] Optionally, the grass seeds are selected from at least one of ryegrass seeds, calanus seeds and tall fescue seeds. The root systems of these three grass plants are very developed, and are mainly fibrous roots, which can form a developed root network and easily penetrate into the mesh of the degradable plastic net. At the same time, they grow fast, which can shorten the production cycle of the nutrient water-retaining mat. Among them, the root system of ryegrass can penetrate into the soil to a depth of 100 to 110 cm. Among them, the 0 to 10 cm soil layer is the area with the most densely distributed roots vertically, followed by the 10 to 20 cm soil layer. This root depth helps the plant to take root firmly and efficiently absorb nutrients and water from the deep soil. The root system of ryegrass is composed of a small number of thick roots and a large number of fine fibrous roots. This weak fibrous root can enhance the biomass of ryegrass and increase its grass yield. At the same time, the root yield can reach 15 to 22.5 t / hm 2, showing its strong root growth ability. The root system of ryegrass grows very fast and can quickly penetrate the soil to obtain sufficient nutrients. The root system of ryegrass not only has the function of absorbing nutrients and water, but also has the function of consolidating soil and retaining water. Its strong root network helps prevent soil erosion and improve soil structure.

[0012] The taproot of rat grass is weak, but a large number of adventitious roots can form at the base of the stem, which in turn forms a developed fibrous root system. Its root system is generally 30 cm deep, and the deepest can reach 60 cm, which can effectively penetrate into the soil to absorb nutrients and water. Most of the roots of rat grass are distributed in the 0-20 cm soil layer, which is the most active area of ​​the plant root system and helps the plant to quickly absorb nutrients. The root system of rat grass can firmly lock in soil moisture, prevent soil erosion, and improve soil aeration and permeability. After the rat grass dies, its roots gradually rot under the action of high temperature and high humidity, which can provide a large amount of organic matter to the soil and improve soil structure.

[0013] The root system of tall fescue belongs to the fibrous root system, which is composed of the main root and lateral roots at various levels. The main root is usually thick and can penetrate deep into the soil, playing the role of fixing the plant and absorbing nutrients from the deep soil. The lateral roots are distributed in a fibrous shape and have a wide range of extension, which helps the plant to firmly take root in the soil and absorb more water and nutrients. The root depth of tall fescue varies depending on the growth environment and variety, but is usually between 20 and 40 cm. Under the conditions of loose, fertile and well-drained soil, the root system of tall fescue can grow deeper and even reach deeper soil layers. The root system of tall fescue has a strong absorption capacity and can efficiently absorb water and nutrients from the soil to meet the growth needs of the plant. At the same time, its root system also has the function of consolidating soil and retaining water. The root system of tall fescue can also secrete organic matter during its growth, improve soil structure, and increase soil aeration and permeability.

[0014] Optionally, the grass seeds, soil, fertilizer and water-retaining materials are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:(0-3):(0-3):(2-3). The soil, fertilizer and water-retaining materials are preferably crushed and sieved to avoid lumps, which is conducive to root penetration. When the amount of soil and organic fertilizer is 0, the growth of grass seeds adopts soilless cultivation. In order to promote the germination and growth of grass seeds, additional spraying of nutrient solution is required. When the amount of soil and organic fertilizer is not 0, soil cultivation is adopted.

[0015] Optionally, the organic fertilizer is fermented chicken manure or fermented cow dung.

[0016] Optionally, the thickness of the composite nutrient planting soil on each layer of the degradable plastic net is 0.5-1 cm. The total thickness laid in steps S2 and S3 is 2-4 cm. If the total thickness is too large, it is not suitable for rolling up, and if the total thickness is too small, it is not conducive to the cultivation of moss crusts, so the total thickness needs to be controlled within a suitable range. Under the premise of a certain total thickness, the more layers, the more degradable plastic nets, the better the mechanical properties of the nutrient water-retaining pad, but the soil and fertilizer between the layers will be reduced, which is not conducive to the growth and cultivation of moss crusts, and if the number of layers is too small, the soil thickness will be too large, and the separation of grass roots and plastic nets may occur during the rolling process, so the number of layers should be reasonably controlled.

[0017] The second aspect of the present invention is to provide a nutrient water-retaining mat for artificially cultivating moss crusts prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method. Due to compaction, the thickness of the obtained nutrient water-retaining mat is 1 to 2 cm. The nutrient water-retaining mat prepared by the present invention is based on a three-dimensional mesh structure formed by interlacing degradable plastic nets, waste natural fibers and grass roots, with soil, fertilizer and water-retaining materials loaded in the middle, and each part is evenly distributed. It not only has good mobility, but also can provide rich nutrition and water for artificially cultivating moss crusts.

[0018] The third aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for artificially cultivating moss crusts, which comprises spraying water on a nutrient water-retaining pad, mixing moss seed sources with soil, and spreading them on the moistened nutrient water-retaining pad surface, and cultivating for 20 to 60 days. A film can be used to cover the first month after sowing to promote moss germination. When the nutrient pad is prepared by soilless culture, the amount of soil to be mixed when the moss seed sources are sown needs to be appropriately increased; when the nutrient pad is prepared by soil culture, the amount of soil to be mixed when the moss seed sources are sown can be appropriately reduced.

[0019] The present invention also provides another method for artificially cultivating moss crusts, which comprises spraying water on a nutrient water-retaining pad, then mixing moss seed, chitosan and soil, adding water to prepare a uniform slurry, and then spraying the slurry on the surface of the nutrient water-retaining pad. Chitosan has a film-forming property, and since the root system of mosses is very small, it is easy to separate from the soil, especially when it is windy, a part of chitosan is mixed into the slurry, and chitosan has a film-forming property and viscosity, and can fix the mosses in the soil.

[0020] Optionally, the mass ratio of the moss source, chitosan and soil is (0.5-1):(3-5):10.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0022] Moss crust has the function of preventing wind and fixing sand. The present invention breaks through the water and nutrient constraints in arid areas and aims at soil habitat restoration. It has the advantages of short construction period, good stability, high sand fixation efficiency, good sand control effect, wide application range and easy operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a physical diagram of the moss crust cultivation process in Application Example 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a real picture of the nutrient water-retaining mat used as a blank control in the present invention after 60 days of cultivating moss crust;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a physical picture of the nutrient water-retaining mat of Example 1 of the present invention after 60 days of cultivating moss crust;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a real picture of the moss crust cultivated in Application Example 2 after 40 days;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a photo of the moss crust cultivated in Application Example 3 after 40 days. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0031] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0032] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to the skilled artisan. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0033] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0034] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for preparing a nutrient water-retaining pad for artificially cultivating moss crusts, comprising the following steps:

[0035] S1. The grass seeds, soil, fertilizer and water-retaining materials are mixed to prepare a composite nutrient planting soil;

[0036] S2. Laying a layer of degradable plastic net on the surface of the planting soil, and sprinkling a layer of waste natural fiber on the surface of the plastic net; sprinkling the composite nutrient planting soil on the waste natural fiber;

[0037] S3. Repeat step S2, laying two or more layers;

[0038] S4. Watering to keep the soil moist until the grass grows to more than 20 cm, mowing with 2-4 cm stubble, shoveling along the bottom layer of plastic mesh, air-drying and compacting to obtain the nutrient and water-retaining mat for artificial cultivation of moss crust.

[0039] The present invention adopts a degradable plastic net as a matrix, so that the nutrient water-retaining pad forms an integral body in the horizontal direction, and a composite nutrient planting soil is laid between the degradable plastic net layers as a matrix layer for the growth of grass seeds, and filamentous waste natural fibers are mixed at the same time. During the growth of the grass seeds, the roots of the grass pass through the mesh of the degradable plastic net, and the roots are interwoven with the waste natural fibers, and the waste natural fibers are interwoven with the degradable plastic net, so that the nutrient water-retaining pad forms an integral body in the vertical direction, so that the nutrient water-retaining pad has good mechanical properties, can be separated from the soil surface as a whole, and improves the movable performance of the nutrient water-retaining pad. The degradable plastic net and the waste natural fibers have biodegradable properties, and are used as a nutrient matrix in the early stage of moss growth, and gradually degraded during the later stage of moss growth, so that the moss root system and the transplant soil are integrated. The water-retaining material can absorb and slowly release water, which is conducive to the growth of moss crust in arid areas or desert areas. The fertilizer can provide nutrition for the growth of grass seeds, and can also provide necessary nutrition for the cultivation of moss crust in the later stage, which is conducive to shortening the cultivation cycle. After the grass plants are mowed, the nutrient water-retaining mat is air-dried as a whole to naturally form a grass mat. The grass straw has a hollow structure, which can be used as a water-retaining material on the one hand, and degraded to form organic fertilizer when cultivating moss crusts on the other hand. In addition, the moss root system is very small and easily separated from the soil when the wind blows. The hollow structure of the grass straw can fix the moss seed source to prevent it from being blown away by the wind. The purpose of air-drying the nutrient water-retaining mat is to kill the grass plants and prevent the grass crops from participating in nutrient competition when cultivating moss crusts later.

[0040] Waste natural fibers include unqualified waste materials from the production of cotton, linen or wool, which have a filamentous structure and are easily biodegradable. The type and mixing ratio of waste natural fibers have no significant effect on the growth of grasses and mosses, so they can be mixed and used in any proportion.

[0041] In some typical but non-limiting embodiments, the grass seeds are selected from at least one of ryegrass seeds, calanthe seeds and tall fescue seeds. Ryegrass seeds, calanthe seeds and tall fescue seeds all have well-developed fibrous roots and excellent growth performance, and their function is to form dry grass mats, so their types and mixing ratios will not have a significant effect on the growth of mosses. In the embodiments, any type can be selected or mixed in any ratio.

[0042] In some typical but non-limiting embodiments, the grass seeds, soil, fertilizer and water-retaining material are mixed in a mass ratio of 1: (0-3): (0-3): (2-3). The soil, fertilizer and water-retaining material are preferably crushed and sieved to avoid lumps, which is conducive to root penetration. When the amount of soil and fertilizer is 0, the growth of grass seeds adopts soilless culture. In order to promote the germination and growth of grass seeds, additional spraying of nutrient solution is required. When the amount of soil and fertilizer is not 0, soil cultivation is adopted.

[0043] In some typical but non-limiting embodiments, the fertilizer is selected from organic fermented fertilizer, and in more preferred embodiments is selected from fermented chicken manure or fermented cow manure.

[0044] In some typical but non-limiting embodiments, the thickness of the composite nutrient planting soil on each layer of the degradable plastic net is 0.5-1 cm. The total thickness laid in steps S2 and S3 is 2-4 cm. If the total thickness is too large, it is not suitable for rolling up, and if the total thickness is too small, it is not conducive to the cultivation of moss crusts, so the total thickness needs to be controlled within a suitable range. Under the premise of a certain total thickness, the more layers, the more the number of degradable plastic nets, the better the mechanical properties of the nutrient water-retaining pad, but the interlayer soil and fertilizer will be reduced, which is not conducive to the growth and cultivation of moss crusts, and if the number of layers is too few, the soil thickness will be too large, and the separation of grass roots and plastic nets may occur during the rolling process, so the number of layers should be reasonably controlled.

[0045] The nutrient water-retaining mat prepared by the above method in the embodiment of the present invention has a three-dimensional network structure formed by the interlacing of degradable plastic nets, waste natural fibers and grass roots as a matrix, with soil, fertilizer and water-retaining materials loaded in the middle. The various parts are evenly distributed, not only having good mobility, but also providing rich nutrition and moisture for artificially cultivated moss crusts.

[0046] The above-mentioned nutrient water-retaining pad provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be used in the method of artificially cultivating moss crusts. The specific method is: spray water to moisten the nutrient water-retaining pad, mix the moss seed source with soil, add water to prepare mud, sprinkle it on the moistened nutrient water-retaining pad surface, and cultivate it for 15 to 25 days. The mixing ratio of moss seed source and soil is determined by the planting density of the moss seed source, for example, it can be 1: (3 to 5). When the nutrient pad is prepared by soilless cultivation, the amount of soil to be mixed when the moss seed source is sown needs to be appropriately increased, for example, it can be 1: 5; when the nutrient pad is prepared by soil cultivation, the amount of soil to be mixed when the moss seed source is sown can be appropriately reduced, for example, it can be 1: 3.

[0047] Some other embodiments of the present invention disclose a method for artificially cultivating moss crusts, which comprises spraying water on a nutrient water-retaining pad, mixing moss seed, chitosan and soil, and adding water to prepare a uniform slurry, and then spraying the slurry on the surface of the nutrient water-retaining pad and cultivating for 15 to 25 days. Chitosan has a film-forming property, and since the root system of mosses is very small, it is easy to separate from the soil, especially when it is windy, and part of chitosan is mixed into the slurry. Chitosan has a film-forming property and viscosity, and can fix the mosses in the soil.

[0048] The amount of chitosan should not be too large. If the amount of chitosan is too large, the film thickness will be too large, thus affecting the growth of mosses. Therefore, in some typical but non-limiting embodiments, the mass ratio of the moss source, chitosan and soil is (0.5-1): (3-5): 10. When the nutrient mat is prepared by soilless cultivation, the amount of soil to be mixed when the moss source is sown needs to be appropriately increased; when the nutrient mat is prepared by soil cultivation, the amount of soil to be mixed when the moss source is sown can be appropriately reduced.

[0049] In some embodiments, the moss can specifically be sand moss, silver leaf true moss, short leaf tooth moss, native tooth moss or twisted mouth moss.

[0050] Bryum argenteum: a plant belonging to the genus Bryum, it is perennial and has a variety of shapes and sizes. The stem of Bryum argenteum is upright, and the leaves are ovate, elliptical or lanceolate, growing densely. It is one of the dominant drought-tolerant moss species in the moss crusts on the Loess Plateau. Although its drought tolerance is not as good as that of native toothed moss and short-leaved toothed moss, it is still an important cultivated species.

[0051] Didymodon vinealis: A plant of the genus Didymodon, it is highly drought-tolerant and one of the most drought-tolerant species among moss crusts on the Loess Plateau. Its plant bodies grow densely in mats and are often found in calcareous soils and rocks. Didymodon vinealis has an upright stem and leaves that are ovate-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate with sharp or acuminate tips. It is a preferred species for cultivating moss crusts.

[0052] Didymodon tectorum: Also belonging to the genus Didymodon, it is also drought-tolerant. The upper part of the leaf margin of Didymodon tectorum is flat or curled back, and its morphological characteristics are similar to those of native Didymodon, but the leaf shape is shorter. It is also one of the important species for cultivating moss crusts.

[0053] Barbula unguiculata: Although Barbula unguiculata is relatively poor in drought tolerance, it can still be used as one of the species for cultivating moss crusts under certain specific conditions. Barbula unguiculata has an upright stem and a variety of leaf shapes, which can adapt to environmental conditions.

[0054] Racomitrium canescens (Hedw.) Brid. usually appears as loosely clumped, yellow-green, dull-lustered leaves. Its stems are 3-4 cm long, erect and may be single or sparsely branched. The leaves are loosely attached when dry, dorsally attached when wet, and are long oval in shape. The leaf margins are entire and often incurved, with a thick midrib protruding from the leaf tip into white hair-like spines. The cells of the upper part of the leaf blade are rounded square, and the cells at the base are narrow and elongated, with dense warts.

[0055] It should be noted that the technical means not described in detail in the embodiments of the present invention can all be conventional technical means.

[0056] The raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are all obtained through conventional purchasing channels. Among them, the water-retaining material is water-retaining potassium polyacrylate particles purchased from Wuxi Fengmin Environmental Protection Technology Development Co., Ltd.

[0057] The grass seeds used in the following embodiments of the present invention are ryegrass seeds; the fertilizer is a mixture of fermented chicken manure and fermented cow manure in equal proportions.

[0058] The soil used in the following examples of the present invention is ordinary yellow loam; the nutrient solution was purchased from Dongguan Mengyuan Environmental Technology Co., Ltd. and was obtained by diluting 10 mL with 4 L of water when used.

[0059] The moss selected in the following embodiments of the present invention is Moss argentea.

[0060] Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3

[0061] A method for preparing a nutrient water-retaining pad for artificially cultivating moss crusts comprises the following steps:

[0062] S1. The grass seeds, soil, fertilizer and water-retaining materials are mixed according to the proportions in Table 1 to prepare composite nutrient planting soil (the amount of soil and fertilizer in Example 5 is 0, and additional nutrient solution is required to promote seed germination and growth, and the nutrient solution is sprayed twice a day);

[0063] S2. Laying a layer of degradable plastic net (PLA plastic net) on the surface of the planting soil, and sprinkling a layer of waste natural fiber on the surface of the plastic net; sprinkling the composite nutrient planting soil on the waste natural fiber;

[0064] S3 repeat step S2, laying 3 layers, each layer of composite nutrient planting soil laying thickness of 1cm;

[0065] S4. Water the soil to keep it moist until the grass grows to more than 20 cm, mow it with a stubble of 2-4 cm, shovel it along the bottom layer of plastic mesh, air-dry it and compact it into a thickness of 2 cm to obtain the nutrient and water-retaining mat for artificial cultivation of moss crust.

[0066] The amounts of grass seeds, soil, fertilizer and water-retaining materials used in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1.

[0067] Table 1 (parts by mass)

[0068] Grass seeds soil fertilizer water retaining material Example 1 1 1 2 2 Example 2 1 2 3 2.5 Example 3 1 3 2.5 3 Example 4 1 2 2 2.5 Example 5 1 0 0 2.5 Comparative Example 1 1 2 0 3 Comparative Example 2 1 2 3 0 Comparative Example 3 1 2 0 0

[0069] A plot of sandy soil was selected as the test plot, and the nutrient water-retaining mats prepared in the above Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were used as the substrate layer for cultivating moss crusts.

[0070] Application Example 1

[0071] The moss source and soil were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:5 (Example 5) or 1:3 (Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3) and then spread on the surface of the above-mentioned nutrient water-retaining mat to ensure that the amount of moss source per square meter was 10g. Figure 1 As shown, each nutrient water-retaining pad is supported by bricks and covered with a grid to calculate the coverage area. It is covered with a sunshade net from 11:00 to 15:00 every day to avoid direct sunlight. Water is sprayed frequently to keep the soil moist. After a period of cultivation, the moss crops form a crust. The coverage of each embodiment and comparative example regularly investigated is shown in Table 2.

[0072] Table 2 Coverage statistics

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] Note: Coverage = moss crust coverage area / total area of ​​the test area × 100%.

[0076] It can be seen from Table 2 that the coverage of moss crusts in Examples 1 to 5 is significantly higher than that in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, indicating that the addition of fertilizers and water-retaining materials helps to quickly form moss crusts. Figure 3 The coverage of the nutrient water-retaining pad of comparative example 3 is the lowest, so the nutrient water-retaining pad of embodiment 1 is used to carry out the experiments of subsequent application examples 2 to 4.

[0077] Application Example 2

[0078] Moss seed, chitosan and soil were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:5:10 and then water was added to prepare a uniform slurry. The slurry was then sprayed on the surface of the above-mentioned nutrient water-retaining pad. Water was sprayed every day to keep the soil moist. After 60 days of cultivation, the coverage reached 90%. The growth status is shown in the figure. Figure 4 .

[0079] Application Example 3

[0080] Moss seed, chitosan and soil were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:3:10 and then water was added to prepare a uniform slurry. The slurry was then sprayed on the surface of the above-mentioned nutrient water-retaining pad. Water was sprayed every day to keep the soil moist. After 60 days of cultivation, the coverage reached 90%. The growth status is shown in the figure. Figure 5 .

[0081] Application Example 4

[0082] Moss seed, chitosan and soil are mixed in a mass ratio of 0.5:5:10, and then water is added to prepare a uniform slurry, which is then sprayed on the surface of the above-mentioned nutrient water-retaining pad. Water is sprayed every day to keep the soil moist. After 60 days of cultivation, the coverage reaches 90%.

[0083] Blank control application

[0084] Mix the moss source with soil in a mass ratio of 1:3 and spread directly on the soil surface. Ensure that the amount of moss source per square meter is 10g. Cover with a sunshade net from 11:00 to 15:00 every day to avoid direct sunlight. Spray water frequently to keep the soil moist. After a period of cultivation, the moss crops will form a crust. Figure 2 .Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that the crust cultivation method of directly spreading on the soil surface is far less effective than using a nutrient and water-retaining mat.

[0085] In summary, the moss crust prepared in the application example of the present invention forms a lawn-like whole with the nutrient water-retaining pad, and for areas with bad climate and soil conditions (such as arid desert areas), it can be moved as a whole after reaching a certain coverage in cultivation; for blocks with relatively good climate and soil conditions, it is also possible to directly place the nutrient water-retaining pad to cultivate the moss crust. Because all components in the nutrient water-retaining pad are degradable, along with the growth of mosses, the nutrient water-retaining pad slowly degrades to provide organic matter to the soil, and is integrated with the bottom soil at the same time. It should be noted that, due to the drying of the nutrient water-retaining pad using air-dried mode, some of the missing grass seeds are not completely killed, and are revived in the process of cultivating the moss crust, and in addition, some grass seeds in the soil can grow out through the pores of the nutrient water-retaining pad, and can be manually pulled out, or can be retained, and a small amount of grass can substantially not affect the growth of mosses.

[0086] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a nutrient water-retaining pad for artificially cultivating moss crusts, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. The grass seeds, soil, fertilizer and water-retaining materials are mixed to prepare a composite nutrient planting soil; S2. Laying a layer of degradable plastic net on the surface of the planting soil, and sprinkling a layer of waste natural fiber on the surface of the plastic net; sprinkling the composite nutrient planting soil on the waste natural fiber; S3. Repeat step S2, laying two or more layers; S4. Watering to keep the soil moist until the grass grows to more than 20 cm, mowing with 2-4 cm stubble, shoveling along the bottom layer of plastic mesh, air-drying and compacting to obtain the nutrient and water-retaining mat for artificial cultivation of moss crust.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grass seeds are selected from at least one of ryegrass seeds, calanthe seeds and tall fescue seeds.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grass seeds, soil, fertilizer and water-retaining material are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:(0-3):(0-3):(2-3).

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer is fermented chicken manure or fermented cow manure.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spreading thickness of each layer of the composite nutrient planting soil on the degradable plastic net is 0.5-1 cm.

6. A nutrient water-retaining pad for artificially cultivating moss crusts prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The thickness of the nutrient and water-retaining pad is 1 to 2 cm.

7. A method for artificially cultivating moss crusts, characterized in that: The nutrient water-retaining mat of claim 7 is sprayed with water to moisten it, and the moss seed source is mixed with soil and then sprinkled on the moistened surface of the nutrient water-retaining mat, and cultured for 20 to 60 days.

8. A method for artificially cultivating moss crusts, characterized in that: The nutrient water-retaining mat of claim 7 is sprayed with water to moisten it, the moss source, chitosan and soil are mixed and then water is added to prepare a uniform slurry, and then the slurry is sprayed on the surface of the nutrient water-retaining mat.

9. The method for artificially cultivating moss crust according to claim 8, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the moss source, chitosan and soil is (0.5-1): (3-5):10.

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