Intelligent antenna switching circuit and method based on signal receiving strength and router

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent antenna switching circuit and method based on signal receiving strength, and a router, and relates to the technical field of intelligent antennae, and the circuit comprises a main control chip which receives feedback signals, forwarded by a radio frequency chip, of all antennas in an antenna module, calculates the receiving strength, and stores the calculation data in a storage module; the calculation data in the storage module is called and compared with feedback signals of all antennas in the antenna module, and a result signal is sent to the radio frequency chip; the radio frequency chip receives the feedback signal, transmits the feedback signal to the main control chip, and sends a control signal to the switch chip according to the result signal; the switch chip switches on one antenna channel according to the control signal. According to the method, the RF signal receiving strength of the double-path or multi-path antenna is calculated through the target function, the antenna channels are preferentially and automatically switched, so that the purpose of antenna signal performance optimization is achieved, the purposes of optimizing the signal quality, effectively suppressing interference and widening the communication coverage range are achieved, and the target function is simple, easy to calculate and implement and low in cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of smart antennas, and specifically, to a smart antenna switching circuit, method, and router based on signal reception strength. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the 5G communication industry, the demand for high-speed and stable communication has become increasingly urgent. As a cutting-edge innovation in the field of communication technology, smart antennas ingeniously integrate multiple antenna elements with sophisticated signal processing techniques. This technology can achieve dynamic optimization and adaptive adjustment of signals in complex communication environments. The core advantage of smart antennas lies in their ability to detect the transmission environment in real time, autonomously adjust the radiation pattern and signal transmission direction of the antenna, aiming to maximize signal quality, effectively suppress interference, and broaden the communication coverage range.

[0003] The performance optimization strategies of smart antennas can be classified into: 1) Adaptive beamforming algorithm: In the 5G communication network, the adaptive beamforming algorithm is a key technology with significant advantages. This algorithm realizes dynamic adjustment of the beam through the smart antenna system to maximize the transmission efficiency and coverage range of signals. By continuously optimizing the beam direction and focusing angle, the system can effectively suppress multipath effects and interference signals, thereby improving communication quality. 2) Multi-user interference cancellation technology: By identifying and separating the signals sent by different user devices through the smart antenna system, the interference level between multiple users can be effectively reduced, and the network capacity and coverage range can be improved. However, the existing optimization of smart antenna configuration needs to consider many factors, such as the number of antennas, layout method, direction adjustment range, etc., which requires high software technical strength and R & D efforts for products, and the comprehensive implementation difficulty is large. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a smart antenna switching circuit, method, and router based on signal reception strength, which are used to solve the problems of high technical requirements, high R & D costs, and large implementation difficulties in optimizing smart antennas through software algorithms in the prior art.

[0005] The present invention solves the above problems through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A smart antenna switching circuit based on signal reception strength, the smart antenna switching circuit includes a main control chip, a radio frequency chip, a radio frequency matching circuit, a switch chip, a storage module, and an antenna module, wherein:

[0007] The main control chip is used to receive the feedback signals (digital signals) of each antenna in the antenna module forwarded by the RF chip, calculate the received strength, and store the calculated data in the storage module; and is used to call the calculated data in the storage module, compare it with the feedback signals of each antenna in the antenna module, and send the comparison result signal to the RF chip;

[0008] The RF matching circuit is used for signal matching between the RF chip and the switch chip;

[0009] The RF chip is used to receive the feedback signals (analog signals are converted into digital signals through the ADC circuit) of each antenna in the antenna module through the RF matching circuit and transfer them to the main control chip; and is used to send a control signal according to the result signal of the main control chip and transfer it to the switch chip through the RF matching circuit;

[0010] The switch chip is used to select and connect one antenna channel in the antenna module according to the control signal received from the RF matching circuit.

[0011] Further, the antenna module includes two-way antennas.

[0012] Further, the main control chip calculates the received strength of the feedback signals of each antenna in the antenna module according to the objective function.

[0013] Further, the objective function formula is:

[0014] Objective function M = α·S quality -β·I interference +γ·E efficiency

[0015] Where α is the coefficient for weighing the feedback signal quality, S quality is the feedback signal quality, β is the coefficient for weighing the interference degree, I interference is the interference signal strength, γ is the coefficient for weighing the energy consumption efficiency, E efficiency is the antenna power efficiency.

[0016] Where:

[0017] S quality : The feedback signal quality, dimensionless, and the value range is 0 ≤ S quality ≤ 1;

[0018] I interference : The interference intensity, dimensionless, and the value range is: 0 ≤ I interference ≤ 1;

[0019] E efficiency : The energy consumption efficiency, dimensionless, and the value range is: 0 ≤ E efficiency ≤ 1;

[0020] Calculation steps of the objective function M:

[0021] I. Parameter normalization processing: The main control chip normalizes the original parameters (such as received signal strength indication (RSSI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bit error rate (BER), and antenna operating energy consumption (Pr)) fed back by the RF chip:

[0022] (1) Received signal strength indication (RSSI);

[0023] Definition: Received Signal Strength Indication, the signal power received by the feedback antenna.

[0024] Unit: dBm (decibel milliwatt), typical value range: -90 dBm (weak signal) to -30 dBm (strong signal).

[0025]

[0026] Parameter setting: RSSImin = -90 dBm (lower limit, signals below this value are considered invalid);

[0027] RSSImax = -30 dBm (upper limit);

[0028] If the measured RSSI = -60 dBm, then

[0029] (2) Interference intensity (SNR + BER)

[0030] Definition: The interference intensity is comprehensively evaluated by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the bit error rate (BER).

[0031] Unit and range: SNR (signal-to-noise ratio): dB, typical range: 0 dB (high interference) to 30 dB (low interference); BER (bit error rate): percentage (%), typical range: 0% (no error) to 10% (high error).

[0032]

[0033] Parameter setting: SNR normalization (the larger the value, the smaller the interference), BER normalization (the larger the value, the greater the interference):

[0034] SNRmin = 0 dB, SNRmax = 30 dB;

[0035] BERmin = 0%, BERmax = 10%;

[0036] Weight setting: WSNR = 0.6, WBER = 0.4 (prioritize suppressing burst bit errors). Example: If SNR = 15 dB, BER = 2%

[0037] then

[0038] (3) Energy consumption efficiency (referring to the household single - frequency antenna)

[0039] Definition: The power consumption efficiency when the antenna is working. The lower the value, the higher the energy consumption.

[0040] Unit: mW (milli - watt). The typical power consumption range of the household single - frequency antenna is 50 mW (low power consumption) to 200 mW (high power consumption).

[0041]

[0042] Parameter setting: Pmin = 50 mW, Pmax = 200 mW;

[0043] Example: If P = 125 mW is measured, then

[0044] II. Comprehensive calculation of the objective function:

[0045] Objective function M = α·S quality - β·I interference + γ·E efficiency

[0046] Weighting coefficients:

[0047] α = 0.6 (prioritizing signal quality);

[0048] β = 0.3 (sub - optimally suppressing interference);

[0049] γ = 0.1 (taking into account energy consumption efficiency);

[0050] To ensure unit unity: All parameters are dimensionless values (0 - 1) after normalization and can be directly weighted for calculation.

[0051] An intelligent antenna switching method based on signal reception strength, including:

[0052] Step S1: Send a test signal to an external device through the antenna module. The antenna module transmits the feedback signal of the external device received for the test signal to the RF chip through the RF matching circuit;

[0053] Step S2: The RF chip transmits the feedback signal to the main control chip;

[0054] Step S3: The main control chip calculates the reception strength of the feedback signals of each antenna in the antenna module based on the objective function and places the calculated data in the storage module; The objective function formula is:

[0055] Objective function M = α·S quality - β·I interference + γ·Eefficiency

[0056] Among them, α is a coefficient for weighing the quality of the feedback signal, S quality is the quality of the feedback signal, β is a coefficient for weighing the degree of interference, I interference is the intensity of the interference signal, γ is a coefficient for weighing the energy consumption efficiency, E efficiency is the antenna power efficiency;

[0057] Step S4: During the signal reception process, the main control chip compares the reception intensities of the antennas in the antenna module by calling the calculation data in the storage module, and transmits the compared result signal to the RF chip;

[0058] Step S5: The RF signal sends a control signal according to the result signal and transmits it to the switch chip through the RF matching circuit;

[0059] Step S6: The switch chip selects the antenna with a greater reception intensity in the antenna module according to the control signal, and connects to the external device through this antenna channel.

[0060] A router includes the intelligent antenna switching circuit based on the signal reception intensity.

[0061] An electronic device includes the intelligent antenna switching circuit based on the signal reception intensity.

[0062] Products / devices applying the intelligent antenna based on the signal reception intensity include home routers and low-power devices (such as intelligent sensors), etc., which can focus on signals to improve signal quality by perceiving the environment in real time.

[0063] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0064] (1) The present invention calculates the RF signal reception intensities of dual-channel or multi-channel antennas through the objective function, preferentially and automatically switches the antenna channels, so as to achieve the purpose of optimizing the antenna signal performance, aiming to optimize the signal quality, effectively suppress interference, and broaden the communication coverage range, improving the overall network performance and user experience. The objective function is simple and easy to calculate, with lower cost compared to software algorithms and is easy to implement.

[0065] (2) The present invention provides a simple and convenient intelligent antenna adaptive switching circuit, which calculates the RF signal reception intensities of multi-channel antennas through the objective function, automatically switches the antenna channels from the best, so as to achieve the purpose of optimizing the antenna signal performance, avoiding excessive investment in the software algorithm of the intelligent antenna.

[0066] (3) The present invention improves the 360° directivity performance and anti-interference performance by selecting different antennas. Description of the Drawings

[0067] Figure 1 is the principle block diagram of the intelligent antenna switching circuit of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 2 is the propagation path diagram of the test signal and the feedback signal in the present invention;

[0069] Figure 3 is the intelligent antenna switching flow chart in the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0070] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0071] Embodiment 1:

[0072] Combined with the attached Figure 1 As shown, the invention solves the above problems through the following technical solutions:

[0073] An intelligent antenna switching circuit based on signal reception strength, the intelligent antenna switching circuit includes a main control chip, a radio frequency chip, a radio frequency matching circuit, a switch chip, a storage module and an antenna module, wherein:

[0074] The main control chip is used to receive the feedback signals of each antenna in the antenna module forwarded by the radio frequency chip, calculate the reception strength, and store the calculated data in the storage module; and is used to call the calculated data in the storage module, compare it with the feedback signals of each antenna in the antenna module, and send the comparison result signal to the radio frequency chip;

[0075] The radio frequency matching circuit is used for signal matching between the radio frequency chip and the switch chip;

[0076] The radio frequency chip is used to receive the feedback signals of each antenna in the antenna module through the radio frequency matching circuit and transmit them to the main control chip; and is used to send a control signal according to the result signal of the main control chip and transmit it to the switch chip through the radio frequency matching circuit;

[0077] The switch chip is used to select and connect one antenna channel in the antenna module according to the control signal received from the radio frequency matching circuit.

[0078] Further, the antenna module includes two-way antennas.

[0079] Further, the main control chip calculates the reception strength of the feedback signals of each antenna in the antenna module according to the objective function.

[0080] Further, the objective function formula is:

[0081] Objective function M = α·S quality -β·I interference +γ·Eefficiency

[0082] Among them, α is a coefficient for weighing the quality of the feedback signal, S quality is the quality of the feedback signal, β is a coefficient for weighing the degree of interference, I interference is the intensity of the interference signal, γ is a coefficient for weighing the energy consumption efficiency, E efficiency is the antenna power efficiency.

[0083] Signal reception strength (RSSI in units of dBm), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR in units of dB), bit error rate (BER in units of percentage %).

[0084] The RF chip first converts the electromagnetic wave into an available alternating current (RF current) through the antenna, and then through the coupling of the receiving circuit, the induced RF current is transmitted through the feeder of the antenna through the RF circuit to the RF chip. The RF chip further processes and demodulates the RF current (analog signal) through devices such as internal amplifiers and filters and transmits the original digital signal to the main control chip. Among them, the digital signal contains signal reception strength (RSSI in units of dBm), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR in units of dB), bit error rate (BER in units of percentage %). The main control chip realizes parameter normalization through the set weight coefficient and objective function;

[0085] 1. Quality of feedback signal: According to the RSSI value (-90 dBm to -30 dBm), it is linearly mapped and converted into a dimensionless value of 0 to 1;

[0086] 2. Interference intensity: The SNR (0 dB to 30 dB) is inversely normalized to 0 to 1;

[0087] The BER (0% to 10%) is directly normalized to 0 to 1;

[0088] The interference intensity is calculated by the comprehensive weight (SNR accounts for 60%, BER accounts for 40%);

[0089] 3. Energy consumption efficiency: According to the antenna power consumption (50 mW to 200 mW), it is inversely mapped to 0 to 1;

[0090] 4. Objective function value: Calculate the scores of each antenna channel according to the weights α = 0.6, β = 0.3, γ = 0.1, and select the optimal channel.

[0091] The present invention unifies multi-dimensional parameters (RSSI, SNR, BER, energy consumption) into dimensionless values through normalization processing, solves the compatibility problem of weighted calculation of multiple physical quantities, and combines the weight coefficients verified by experiments to ensure the scientificity and real-time nature of the antenna switching decision.

[0092] The main control chip calculates that the signal reception strengths of two groups of antennas are respectively: the signal reception strength of antenna 1 is M1 The signal reception strength of antenna 2 is M 2 . By comparing M 1 and M 2 , select the antenna with a larger signal reception strength for data transmission. If M 1≥ M 2 , then select antenna 1; otherwise, select antenna 2;

[0093] After the main control chip calculates the comparison result, it transmits the result signal to the switch chip, and the switch chip switches to use the optimal antenna channel. This simple antenna selection mechanism can significantly improve the transmission performance and reliability of the system.

[0094] In the target function, the feedback signal quality (S quality ) is obtained through linear mapping of RSSI, the interference intensity (I interference ) is calculated by weighted SNR and BER, and the energy consumption efficiency (E efficiency ) is obtained through reverse mapping of power consumption. The weight coefficients satisfy α + β + γ = 1α + β + γ = 1.

[0095] The experimental verification is as follows:

[0096] Test scenario: Simulate a home environment (2.4GHz band, multi-device interference)

[0097] Parameter Before optimization (fixed single antenna) After optimization (intelligent dual antenna switching) Improvement effect Signal quality (RSSI) -75dBm -65dBm +10dBm Bit error rate (BER) 8％ 4％ 50% reduction Average power consumption 150mW 120mW 20% reduction

[0098] 1. Normalization rationality: Unify parameters with different dimensions through linear mapping to avoid unit conflicts;

[0099] 2. Weight adaptability: The coefficients α, β, γ can be dynamically adjusted according to the scenario (such as increasing the value of β in a high-interference environment);

[0100] 3. Experimental verification: Test data shows that the normalized target function can increase the signal strength by 10dBm, reduce the bit error rate by 50%, and reduce the power consumption by 20%.

[0101] Among them,

[0102] The main control chip supports dynamically adjusting the weight coefficients according to the environment:

[0103] 1) High-interference scenario (such as SNR < 10dB): Automatically increase the value of β to 0.4 to preferentially suppress interference;

[0104] 2) Low-power consumption demand scenario (such as battery-powered devices): Increase the value of γ to 0.2 to reduce energy consumption;

[0105] 3) In the mode, α = 0.6, β = 0.3, γ = 0.1.

[0106] Example 2:

[0107] As Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, an intelligent antenna switching method based on signal reception strength includes:

[0108] Step S1: After initializing the system, establish a connection with an external device. The main control chip sequentially sends test signals to the external device through a radio frequency chip, a switch chip, and an antenna module (taking a two-way antenna as an example, including a first-way antenna and a second-way antenna). The antenna module transmits the feedback signal of the external device received for the test signal through the antenna module, the switch chip, and the switch chip transmits it to the radio frequency chip through a radio frequency matching circuit;

[0109] Step S2: The radio frequency chip transmits the feedback signal to the main control chip;

[0110] Step S3: The main control chip calculates the reception strength of the feedback signals of each antenna in the antenna module based on the objective function and places the calculated data in the storage module; the objective function formula is:

[0111] Objective function M = α·S quality -β·I interference +γ·E efficiency

[0112] where α is a coefficient for weighing the quality of the feedback signal, S quality is the quality of the feedback signal, β is a coefficient for weighing the degree of interference, I interference is the intensity of the interference signal, γ is a coefficient for weighing the energy consumption efficiency, and E efficiency is the antenna power efficiency;

[0113] Step S4: During the signal reception process, the main control chip compares the reception strengths of each antenna in the antenna module by calling the calculated data in the storage module and transmits the comparison result signal to the radio frequency chip;

[0114] Step S5: The radio frequency signal sends a control signal according to the result signal and transmits it to the switch chip through a radio frequency matching circuit;

[0115] Step S6: The switch chip selects the antenna with a greater reception strength in the antenna module according to the control signal and connects to the external device through this antenna channel.

[0116] Example 3:

[0117] A router includes the intelligent antenna switching circuit based on signal reception strength described above.

[0118] Example 4:

[0119] An electronic device includes the intelligent antenna switching circuit based on signal reception strength described above.

[0120] Although the present invention has been described herein with reference to illustrative embodiments thereof, the above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can design many other modifications and embodiments, and these modifications and embodiments will fall within the scope of the principles and spirit disclosed in this application.

Claims

1. A smart antenna switching circuit based on signal reception strength, characterized in that: The smart antenna switching circuit includes a main control chip, a radio frequency chip, a radio frequency matching circuit, a switch chip, a storage module and an antenna module, wherein: A main control chip, used to receive the feedback signal of each antenna in the antenna module forwarded by the RF chip, calculate the receiving strength and store the calculated data in the storage module; and used to call the calculated data in the storage module and compare it with the feedback signal of each antenna in the antenna module, and send the compared result signal to the RF chip; RF matching circuit, used for signal matching between RF chip and switch chip; A radio frequency chip, used for receiving feedback signals from each antenna in the antenna module through a radio frequency matching circuit and transmitting the feedback signals to the main control chip; and for sending control signals according to the result signals of the main control chip and transmitting the control signals to the switch chip through the radio frequency matching circuit; The switch chip is used to select and connect an antenna channel in the antenna module according to a control signal received from the radio frequency matching circuit.

2. The smart antenna switching circuit based on signal reception strength according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna module includes two antennas.

3. The smart antenna switching circuit based on signal reception strength according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control chip calculates the receiving strength of the feedback signal of each antenna in the antenna module according to the objective function.

4. The smart antenna switching circuit based on signal reception strength according to claim 3, characterized in that: The objective function formula is: Objective function M = α·S quality -β·I interference +γ·E efficiency Among them, α is the coefficient that weighs the quality of the feedback signal, S quality is the quality of the feedback signal, β is the coefficient for weighing the degree of interference, I interference is the interference signal strength, γ is the coefficient for weighing energy efficiency, E efficiency is the antenna power efficiency.

5. A smart antenna switching method based on signal reception strength, characterized in that: include: Step S1: sending a test signal to an external device through an antenna module, and the antenna module transmits a feedback signal of the external device to the test signal to the RF chip through a RF matching circuit; Step S2: The RF chip transmits the feedback signal to the main control chip; Step S3: The main control chip calculates the receiving strength of the feedback signal of each antenna in the antenna module based on the objective function, and stores the calculated data in the storage module; Step S4: During the signal reception process, the main control chip compares the reception strength of each antenna in the antenna module by calling the calculation data in the storage module, and transmits the comparison result signal to the radio frequency chip; Step S5, the RF signal sends a control signal according to the result signal, and transmits it to the switch chip through the RF matching circuit; Step S6: The switch chip selects the antenna with greater receiving strength in the antenna module according to the control signal, and connects to the external device through the antenna channel.

6. A router, characterized in that: It comprises the intelligent antenna switching circuit based on signal reception strength as described in any one of claims 1-4.

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