Adaptive mti-based RF sensing in cellular systems

Abstract

Aspects presented herein relate to methods and apparatus, including apparatuses, such as wireless devices or servers, for wireless communication. The apparatus may receive, from a network entity, an indication of clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, wherein the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow moving reflections of one or more signals relative to the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor. The apparatus may also configure at least one filter of a set of filters at the wireless device based on the clutter information from the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor.

Description

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Non - Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 18 / 054,875, filed on Nov. 11, 2022, entitled "ADAPTIVE MTI - BASED RF SENSING IN CELLULAR SYSTEMS", which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure generally relates to communication systems, and more particularly, to positioning measurements in wireless communication systems. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. A typical wireless communication system may employ a multiple access technology that is capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single - Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC - FDMA) systems, and Time - Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD - SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at the urban, national, regional, and even global levels. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continuous evolution of mobile broadband promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with respect to the Internet of Things (IoT)), and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine - type communication (mMTC), and ultra - reliable low - latency communication (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long - Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Further improvements to 5G NR technology are needed. These improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards that employ these technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] A simplified overview of one or more aspects is presented below to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an extensive review of all contemplated aspects. The summary neither identifies key or critical elements of all aspects nor describes the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and a device are provided. The device can be a device for wireless communication at a wireless device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) or a base station). The device can send a request for clutter information to a network entity, and based on the request, receive an indication of the clutter information. The device can also send an indication of filter capabilities associated with at least one filter of the wireless device to the network entity. The device can also receive from the network entity an indication of clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, where the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor. Additionally, the device can configure at least one filter in a set of filters at the wireless device based on the clutter information from the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor. The device can also perform radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements on the at least one filter of the wireless device. The device can also send an indication of the RF sensing measurements on the at least one filter of the wireless device to the network entity. Further, the device can receive from the network entity an indication of at least one pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of the one or more signals.

[0008] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be an apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity (e.g., a server or a sensing server). The apparatus may receive a request for clutter information from a wireless device, and send an indication of the clutter information based on the request. The apparatus may also receive an indication of filter capabilities associated with at least one filter of the wireless device from the wireless device. The apparatus may also obtain clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, where the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor. Additionally, the apparatus may send, for the wireless device, an indication of the clutter information from the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor, where the clutter information is associated with at least one filter of the wireless device. The apparatus may also receive an indication of radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements for the at least one filter of the wireless device from the wireless device. The apparatus may also schedule at least one pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of the one or more signals. Additionally, the apparatus may send an indication of the at least one PRF of the one or more signals.

[0009] To achieve the foregoing and related purposes, one or more aspects include the features described comprehensively hereinafter and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the drawings set forth in detail some illustrative features of one or more aspects. However, these features are indicative of only some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0011] Figure 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0012] Figure 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of a downlink (DL) channel within a subframe in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of an uplink (UL) channel within a subframe in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and a user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0016] Figure 4Is a diagram illustrating an example of UE positioning based on reference signal measurements.

[0017] Figure 5 Is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system.

[0018] Figure 6 Is a diagram illustrating an example positioning process.

[0019] Figure 7 Is a graph illustrating an example power spectral density (PSD) of clutter.

[0020] Figure 8 Is a graph illustrating an example of clutter compared to frequency.

[0021] Figure 9A Is a diagram illustrating an example MTI filter using a delay line canceller.

[0022] Figure 9B Is a diagram illustrating an example MTI filter using a delay line canceller.

[0023] Figure 10 Is a graph illustrating an example frequency of an MTI filter.

[0024] Figure 11 Is a communication flowchart illustrating an example communication between a wireless device and a network entity.

[0025] Figure 12 Is a flowchart of a method for wireless communication.

[0026] Figure 13 Is a flowchart of a method for wireless communication.

[0027] Figure 14 Is a flowchart of a method for wireless communication.

[0028] Figure 15 Is a flowchart of a method for wireless communication.

[0029] Figure 16 Is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware implementation for an example device and / or network entity.

[0030] Figure 17 Is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware implementation for an example network entity.

[0031] Figure 18 Is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware implementation for an example network entity. Detailed Description

[0032] Some aspects of wireless communication may experience clutter (i.e., static reflections associated with a signal or radar). For example, clutter may include unwanted static reflections with limited relative motion with respect to a particular target (e.g., a signal or radar). The power spectral density (PSD) of clutter may be concentrated near certain types of signals or currents (e.g., direct current (DC)). Clutter may originate from the same range or angle cell as the target location. Some types of radar systems (e.g., pulsed radar systems) may utilize special types of filters that can distinguish slow-moving or stationary targets from fast-moving targets. For example, one class of these types of filters is called a moving target indicator (MTI) or MTI filter. The purpose of an MTI filter may be to suppress echoes similar to targets generated by clutter. Additionally, an MTI filter may allow echoes from moving targets to pass through with little or no degradation. In some aspects, a delay line canceller may be used to implement an MTI filter. A delay line canceller is a filter that eliminates the direct current (DC) component of an echo signal received from a stationary target. That is, a delay line canceller may allow the alternating current (AC) component of an echo signal received from a non-stationary target (i.e., a moving target). In some aspects, targets with a Doppler frequency equal to a particular value may be severely attenuated. The target velocity that produces a Doppler frequency equal to kf r is called the blind velocity: v blind =(kλf r) / 2. The blind speed can severely limit the performance of an MTI radar and its ability to perform adequate target detection. To address the blind speed issue, the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) can be increased, and as a result, the radar may have a range ambiguity problem. To address the blind speed issue, multiple PRF schemes can be utilized (i.e., PRF staggering is used). As indicated above, to address the blind speed issue, multiple PRF schemes can be utilized (i.e., PRF staggering is used). PRF staggering is to stagger or vary the pulse repetition intervals between consecutive pulses. PRF staggering can mitigate the impact of the blind speed, such as by extending the first blind speed to a more tolerable value. In some aspects, the design of the MTI filter can depend on the clutter power spectral density and the target speed. The selection of the MTI filter can also depend on the design of the radar reference signal (RS). For a periodic radar RS, the periodicity can determine the clutter notch frequency and the blind speed. The radar transmitter (Tx) may need to know what type of MTI the radar receiver (Rx) supports. Aspects of the present disclosure can enhance MTI-based radio frequency (RF) sensing in a cellular system. For example, the aspects presented herein can utilize adaptive MTI-based RF sensing in a cellular system. In some instances, the aspects presented herein can also utilize MTI filters operating in a bistatic or multistatic scenario. Additionally, the aspects presented herein can utilize a Tx radar and an Rx radar as different network nodes in a cellular system. Furthermore, the aspects presented herein can utilize an MTI filter associated with clutter information. Moreover, the aspects presented herein can enhance the RF sensing measurement report. Additionally, the aspects presented herein can utilize an adaptive pulse repetition frequency (PRF) for the MTI filter.

[0033] The detailed descriptions set forth below in connection with the drawings are descriptions of various configurations and do not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. To provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts, the detailed descriptions include specific details. However, the concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0034] Certain aspects of a telecommunications system are presented with reference to various apparatuses and methods. These apparatuses and methods are described in the following detailed descriptions and illustrated in the drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the particular application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0035] As an example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements can be implemented as a "processing system" that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, system on a chip (SoC), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functions described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system can execute software. Software should be broadly construed to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof, regardless of whether it is referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms.

[0036] Thus, in one or more example aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases, the described functionality can be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality can be stored or encoded on a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or code. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media can include random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0037] Although aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases are described by way of illustration of some examples in this application, additional or different aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases may arise in many different arrangements and scenarios. The aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases described herein may be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging arrangements. For example, aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases may be implemented via integrated chips and other non-module-component-based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchase devices, medical devices, artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled devices, etc.). Although some examples may or may not be specifically directed to a use case or application, the examples described may have broad applicability. Aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases may range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level embodiments, and further to aggregated, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more of the technologies herein. In some actual settings, devices incorporating the aspects and features described may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily includes multiple components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.). The technologies described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated components, or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc., of various sizes, shapes, and configurations.

[0038] The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) can be arranged with various components or constituent parts in a variety of ways. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, mobility elements of the network, radio access network (RAN) nodes, core network nodes, network elements, or network equipment (such as a base station (BS)) or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality may be implemented in an aggregated architecture or a disaggregated architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP), transmit receive point (TRP), or cell, etc.) may be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as a stand-alone BS or monolithic BS) or a disaggregated base station.

[0039] A converged base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A split base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed among one or more other RAN nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0040] Base station operation or network design may consider the converged characteristics of base station functionality. For example, split base stations may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN, such as a network configuration initiated by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Splitting may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functionality of at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. The various units of a split base station or a split RAN architecture may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0041] Figure 1 FIG. 100 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a split base station architecture. The split base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110, which may communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more split base station units, such as a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link or a non-real-time (non RT) RIC 115 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both. The CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DU 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via respective fronthaul links. The RU 140 may communicate with a respective UE 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some embodiments, the UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[0042] Each of these units (i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and the near RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO framework 105) may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces that are configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively referred to as signals) via a wired transmission medium or a wireless transmission medium. Each of these units or the associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interfaces of these units may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, these units may include a wired interface that is configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via the wired transmission medium. Additionally, these units may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) that is configured to receive signals or transmit signals or both to one or more of the other units via the wireless transmission medium.

[0043] In some aspects, CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may utilize an interface that is configured to convey signals with other control functions hosted by CU 110. CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit - User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit - Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, CU 110 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units may communicate bi-directionally with the CU-CP units via an interface (such as the E1 interface). As needed, CU 110 may be implemented to communicate with DU 130 for network control and signaling.

[0044] The DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, the DU 130 may host one or more of the radio link control (RLC) layer, the media access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation, or demodulation, etc.) at least partially according to a functional split (such as those defined by 3GPP). In some aspects, the DU 130 may also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 130 or with control functions hosted by the CU 110.

[0045] Lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, the RUs 140 controlled by the DU 130 may correspond to logical nodes that host RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.) or both at least partially based on a functional split (such as a lower layer functional split). In such an architecture, the RUs 140 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 104. In some embodiments, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of the control plane communication and user plane communication with the RUs 140 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the DU 130 and the CU 110 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0046] The SMO framework 105 can be configured to support the RAN deployment and orchestration of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, and these dedicated physical resources can be managed via operation and maintenance interfaces (such as the O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as the Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as the O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, the CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and the near RT RIC 125. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 105 can communicate with the hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as the Open eNB (O-eNB) 111) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some specific implementations, the SMO framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 105 can also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 105.

[0047] The non-RT RIC 115 can be configured to include logical functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 can be coupled to or communicate with the near RT RIC 125 (such as via the A1 interface). The near RT RIC 125 can be configured to include logical functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources through an interface (such as via the E2 interface) via data collection and actions, and this interface connects one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, and the O-eNB to the near RT RIC 125.

[0048] In some specific implementations, to generate the AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and can be received from non-network data sources or from network functions at the SMO framework 105 or the non-RT RIC 115. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or the near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to regulate RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ an AI / ML model to perform corrective actions via the SMO framework 105 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0049] At least one of the CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 may be referred to as the base station 102. Thus, the base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 (each component is indicated by a dashed line to indicate that each component may or may not be included in the base station 102). The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for the UE 104. The base station 102 may include macro cells (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cells (low-power cellular base stations). Small cells include femto cells, pico cells, and micro cells. A network including both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. The heterogeneous network may also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group called a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between the RU 140 and the UE 104 may include an uplink (UL) (also referred to as a reverse link) transmission from the UE 104 to the RU 140 and / or a downlink (DL) (also referred to as a forward link) transmission from the RU 140 to the UE 104. The communication link may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may pass through one or more carriers. For each carrier allocated in carrier aggregation of up to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction, the base station 102 / UE 104 may use a spectrum with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz, 400 MHz, etc.). These carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to the DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for the DL compared to the UL). The component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as the primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carriers may be referred to as secondary cells (SCells).

[0050] Some UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication links 158. The D2D communication links 158 may use DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication links 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). D2D communication may be through various wireless D2D communication systems, such as for example Bluetooth, Wi-Fi based on Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards, LTE, or NR.

[0051] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi AP 150 that communicates with the UE 104 (also referred to as a Wi-Fi station (STA)) via a communication link 154, such as in the 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum etc. When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the UE 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) before communication to determine whether the channel is available.

[0052] The electromagnetic spectrum is generally subdivided into various categories, frequency bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating frequency bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz). Although a part of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, in various documents and articles, FR1 is generally (interchangeably) referred to as the "sub-6 GHz" band. Regarding FR2, a similar naming issue sometimes occurs, which is generally (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz - 300 GHz) identified by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as the "millimeter wave" band.

[0053] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating frequency bands for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designations FR3 (7.125 GHz - 24.25 GHz). The bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus can effectively extend the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to the mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating frequency bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6 GHz - 71 GHz), FR4 (71 GHz - 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz - 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands in these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0054] Taking into account the above aspects, unless otherwise specifically stated, if terms such as "below 6 GHz" are used herein, they can broadly represent frequencies that can be less than 6 GHz, can be within FR1, or can include mid-band frequencies. Additionally, unless otherwise specifically stated, if terms such as "millimeter wave" are used herein, they can broadly represent frequencies that can include mid-band frequencies, can be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or can be within the EHF band.

[0055] Base station 102 and UE 104 may each include a plurality of antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. Base station 102 may transmit a beamformed signal 182 to UE 104 in one or more transmission directions. UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from base station 102 in one or more reception directions. UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal 184 to base station 102 in one or more transmission directions. Base station 102 may receive the beamformed signal from UE 104 in one or more reception directions. Base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the optimal reception direction and the optimal transmission direction for each of base station 102 / UE 104. The transmission direction and the reception direction of base station 102 may be the same or may not be the same. The transmission direction and the reception direction of UE 104 may be the same or may not be the same.

[0056] Base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, Node B, eNB, access point, base station transceiver, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), transmission and reception point (TRP), network node, network entity, network equipment, or some other suitable term. Base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, an aggregated (monolithic) base station having a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and an RU, or may be implemented as a disaggregated base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and / or an RU. A set of base stations including disaggregated base stations and / or aggregated base stations may be referred to as a next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0057] The core network 120 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 161, a Session Management Function (SMF) 162, a User Plane Function (UPF) 163, a Unified Data Management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. The AMF 161 is a control node that processes signaling between the UE 104 and the core network 120. The AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. The SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. The UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. The UDM 164 supports the generation of Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) credentials, user identity handling, access authorization, and subscription management. One or more location servers 168 are illustrated as including a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 165 and a Location Management Function (LMF) 166. However, generally speaking, one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / locationing servers, and the one or more location / locationing servers may include one or more of the GMLC 165, the LMF 166, a Position Determination Entity (PDE), a Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC), or a Mobile Positioning Center (MPC), etc. The GMLC 165 and the LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE location information. The LMF 166 receives measurement and assistance information from the NG-RAN and the UE 104 via the AMF 161 to calculate the location of the UE 104. The NG-RAN may utilize one or more location methods to determine the location of the UE 104. Locating the UE 104 may involve signal measurement, location estimation, and speed calculation based on these measurements. Signal measurements may be performed by the UE 104 and / or the serving base station 102. The measured signals may be based on a Satellite Positioning System (SPS) 170 (e.g., a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), a Global Positioning System (GPS), a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN), or one or more of other satellite positioning / location systems), an LTE signal, a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) signal, a Bluetooth signal, a Terrestrial Beacon System (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor, a motion sensor), an NR Enhanced Cell ID (NR E-CID) method, an NR signal (e.g., multi-round-trip time (multi-RTT), DL Angle of Departure (DL-AoD), DL Time Difference of Arrival (DL-TDOA), UL Time Difference of Arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL Angle of Arrival (UL-AoA) positioning), and / or one or more of other systems / signals / sensors.

[0058] Examples of the UE 104 include cellular phones, smart phones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablet computers, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electricity meters, air pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other device with similar functionality. Some of the UEs in the UE 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, air pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). The UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, cell phone, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable term. In some scenarios, the term UE may also apply to one or more companion devices, such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network jointly and / or access the network individually. In some scenarios, the term UE may also apply to one or more companion devices, such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network jointly and / or access the network individually. Network nodes can be implemented as base stations (i.e., aggregated base stations), disaggregated base stations, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, relay nodes, sidelink nodes, etc. Network entities can be implemented as base stations (i.e., aggregated base stations), or alternatively, as a central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), radio unit (RU), near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or non-real-time (non RT) RIC in a disaggregated base station architecture.

[0059] Referring again to Figure 1, in some aspects, UE 104 and / or base station 102 may include a location component 198, which may be configured to send a request for clutter information to a network entity, and based on the request, receive an indication of the clutter information. The location component 198 may also be configured to send an indication of filter capabilities associated with at least one filter of the wireless device to a network entity. The location component 198 may also be configured to receive from the network entity an indication of clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, where the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to at least one sensing node or at least one sensor. The location component 198 may also be configured to configure at least one filter in a set of filters at the wireless device based on the clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor. The location component 198 may also be configured to perform radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements on at least one filter of the wireless device. The location component 198 may also be configured to send an indication of the RF sensing measurements on at least one filter of the wireless device to a network entity. The location component 198 may also be configured to receive from the network entity an indication of at least one pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of one or more signals.

[0060] In some aspects, LMF 166 and / or the set of location servers 168 may include a location component 199, which may be configured to receive a request for clutter information from a wireless device, and based on the request, send an indication of the clutter information. The location component 199 may also be configured to receive an indication of filter capabilities associated with at least one filter of the wireless device from the wireless device. The location component 199 may also be configured to obtain clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, where the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to at least one sensing node or at least one sensor. The location component 199 may also be configured to send an indication of the clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor to the wireless device, where the clutter information is associated with at least one filter of the wireless device. The location component 199 may also be configured to receive an indication of radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements on at least one filter of the wireless device from the wireless device. The location component 199 may also be configured to schedule at least one pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of one or more signals. The location component 199 may also be configured to send an indication of at least one PRF of one or more signals. Although the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar domains, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.

[0061] Figure 2A FIG. 200 is a diagram illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure.Figure 2B FIG. 230 is a diagram illustrating an example of a DL channel within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C FIG. 250 is a diagram illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2D FIG. 280 is a diagram illustrating an example of a UL channel within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure can be frequency division duplexing (FDD) (wherein for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), the subframes within that set of subcarriers are dedicated to DL or UL), or can be time division duplexing (TDD) (wherein for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), the subframes within that set of subcarriers are dedicated to both DL and UL). In Figure 2A 、 Figure 2C the example provided, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (where most are DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexibly usable between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 1 (where all are UL). Although subframes 3, 4 are shown as having slot formats 1, 28 respectively, any particular subframe can be configured with any one of the various available slot formats 0 to 61. Slot formats 0, 1 are all-DL, all-UL respectively. The other slot formats 2 to 61 include a mixture of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. The UE is configured with the slot format by the received slot format indicator (SFI) (configured dynamically by DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically by radio resource control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0062] Figures 2A to 2DA frame structure is illustrated, and aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10 ms) may be divided into 10 equal-sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. A subframe may also include mini-slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each time slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For normal CP, each time slot may include 14 symbols, and for extended CP, each time slot may include 12 symbols. The symbols on the DL may be cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbols. The symbols on the UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (also known as single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbols) (for power-constrained scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of time slots within a subframe is based on the CP and the parameter set. The parameter set defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS), and effectively defines the symbol length / duration, which is equal to 1 / SCS.

[0063]

[0064] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different parameter sets μ0 to 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 time slots per subframe, respectively. For extended CP, parameter set 2 allows 4 time slots per subframe. Thus, for normal CP and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols per time slot and 2 μ time slots per subframe. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2 μ *15 kHz, where μ is parameter set 0 to 4. Thus, the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ = 0 is 15 kHz, and the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ = 4 is 240 kHz. The symbol length / duration is negatively correlated with the subcarrier spacing. Figures 2A to 2D An example is provided with normal CP having 14 symbols per time slot and parameter set μ = 2 having 4 time slots per subframe. The time slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. Within a frame set, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) that are frequency division multiplexed (see Figure 2B ). Each BWP may have a specific parameter set and CP (normal or extended).

[0065] A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also known as a physical RB (PRB)) that spans 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0066] AsFigure 2A As illustrated, some REs in the RE carry reference (pilot) signals (RSs) for the UE. The RS may include a demodulation RS (DM-RS) (designated as R for a specific configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include a beam measurement RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0067] Figure 2B Examples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE including six resource element groups (REGs), each REG including 12 consecutive RES in the OFDM symbols of an RB. The PDCCH within a BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). The UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., a common search space, a UE-specific search space) during a PDCCH monitoring occasion on the CORESET, where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at higher and / or lower frequencies on the channel bandwidth. The primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be in symbol 2 of a specific subframe of the frame. The PSS is used by the UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and the physical layer identity. The secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be in symbol 4 of a specific subframe of the frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and the radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE may determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE may determine the location of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the master information block (MIB) may be logically grouped with the PSS and the SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the number of RBs in the system bandwidth and the system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted via the PBCH (such as system information blocks (SIBs)), and paging messages.

[0068] As Figure 2CAs illustrated, some of the REs in the RE carry DM-RS (indicated as R for a specific configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit DM-RS for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may be transmitted in the previous one or two symbols of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is transmitted and according to the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS may be transmitted in different configurations. The UE may transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS may be transmitted in the last symbol of the subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and the UE may transmit the SRS on one of the teeth of the comb. The SRS may be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0069] Figure 2D Examples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located at the position indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as a scheduling request, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), and a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0070] Figure 3It is a block diagram of the communication between the base station 310 and the UE 350 in the access network. In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets can be provided to the controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes the Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with the broadcast of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and re-ordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with the mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0071] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) encoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase phase shift keying (M-PSK), and M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM). The encoded and modulated symbols are then split into parallel streams. Each stream is then mapped to OFDM subcarriers, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to generate a physical channel carrying a stream of time-domain OFDM symbols. The OFDM stream is space precoded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from the channel estimator 374 can be used to determine the encoding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimates can be derived from reference signals transmitted by the UE 350 and / or channel state feedback. Each spatial stream is then provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx modulates a radio frequency (RF) carrier with the corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0072] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives signals via its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they may be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then uses a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to convert the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier and the reference signal are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions may be based on the channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by the base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0073] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program code and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between the transport channel and the logical channel, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using the ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0074] Similar to the functionality described in connection with DL transmission by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and re-ordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with the mapping between the logical channel and the transport channel, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0075] Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 based on reference signals or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select an appropriate decoding and modulation scheme and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antennas 352 via a separate transmitter 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate an RF carrier using the corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0076] UL transmission is processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver functionality at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives signals via its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the RX processor 370.

[0077] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program code and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between the transport channel and the logical channel, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, control signal processing, to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using the ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0078] At least one of TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform aspects associated with Figure 1 location component 198. At least one of TX processor 316, RX processor 370, and controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform aspects associated with Figure 1 location component 199.

[0079] Figure 4 FIG. 400 is a diagram illustrating an example of UE positioning based on reference signal measurements. UE 404 may transmit UL-SRS 412 at time T SRS_TX and receive a downlink positioning reference signal (PRS) (DL-PRS) 410 at time T PRS_RX . TRP 406 may receive UL-SRS 412 at time T SRS_RX and transmit DL-PRS 410 at time T PRS_TX . UE 404 may receive DL-PRS 410 before transmitting UL-SRS 412, or may transmit UL-SRS 412 before receiving DL-PRS 410. In both cases, a positioning server (e.g., location server 168) or UE 404 may determine RTT 414 based on ||T SRS_RX - T PRS_TX |-|T SRS_TX - T PRS_RX ||. Thus, multi-RTT positioning may utilize UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements (i.e., |T SRS_TX - T PRS_RX |) and DL-PRS reference signal received power (RSRP) (DL-PRS-RSRP) of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 and measured by UE 404, and the measured TRP Rx-Tx time difference measurements (i.e., |T SRS_RX - T PRS_TX |) and UL-SRS-RSRP of uplink signals transmitted from UE 404 at multiple TRPs 402, 406. UE 404 uses the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements (and DL-PRS-RSRP of the received signal), and TRPs 402, 406 use the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure gNB Rx-Tx time difference measurements (and UL-SRS-RSRP of the received signal). These measurements may be used at the positioning server or UE 404 to determine the RTT, which is used to estimate the location of UE 404. Other methods for determining the RTT are possible, such as for example using DL-TDOA and / or UL-TDOA measurements.

[0080] DL-AoD positioning can utilize the measured DL-PRS-RSRP of the downlink signals received at the UE 404 from multiple TRPs 402, 406. The UE 404 uses the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the DL-PRS-RSRP of the received signals, and the resulting measurements, together with the azimuth of departure (A-AoD), zenith angle of departure (Z-AoD), and other configuration information, are used to position the UE 404 relative to the neighboring TRPs 402, 406. DL-TDOA positioning can utilize the DL reference signal time difference (RSTD) (and DL-PRS-RSRP) of the downlink signals received at the UE 404 from multiple TRPs 402, 406. The UE 404 uses the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the DL RSTD (and DL-PRS-RSRP) of the received signals, and the resulting measurements, together with other configuration information, are used to position the UE 404 relative to the neighboring TRPs 402, 406.

[0081] UL-TDOA positioning can utilize the UL relative time of arrival (RTOA) (and UL-SRS-RSRP) of the uplink signals transmitted from the UE 404 at multiple TRPs 402, 406. The TRPs 402, 406 use the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the UL-RTOA (and UL-SRS-RSRP) of the received signals, and the resulting measurements, together with other configuration information, are used to estimate the location of the UE 404. UL-AoA positioning can utilize the measured azimuth of arrival (A-AoA) and zenith angle of arrival (Z-AoA) of the uplink signals transmitted from the UE 404 at multiple TRPs 402, 406. The TRPs 402, 406 use the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the A-AoA and Z-AoA of the received signals, and the resulting measurements, together with other configuration information, are used to estimate the location of the UE 404.

[0082] Additional positioning methods can be used to estimate the location of the UE 404, such as, for example, UE-side UL-AoD and / or DL-AoA. It should be noted that data / measurements from various techniques can be combined in various ways to increase accuracy, determine and / or enhance certainty, supplement / complete measurements, and / or replace / provide missing information.

[0083] Figure 5FIG. 500 is an illustration showing an example of estimating the location of a UE based on multi-RTT measurements from multiple TRPs in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 502 may be configured by a serving base station to decode DL-PRS resources 512 corresponding to and transmitted from a first TRP 504 (TRP-1), a second TRP 506 (TRP-2), a third TRP 508 (TRP-3), and a fourth TRP 510 (TRP-4). The UE 502 may also be configured to transmit UL-SRS on a set of UL-SRS resources, which may include a first SRS resource 514, a second SRS resource 516, a third SRS resource 518, and a fourth SRS resource 520, such that the serving cell (e.g., the first TRP 504, the second TRP 506, the third TRP 508, and the fourth TRP 510) and other neighboring cells may be able to measure the set of UL-SRS resources transmitted from the UE 502. For multi-RTT measurements based on DL-PRS and UL-SRS, since there may be a correlation between the UE's measurement of DL-PRS and the TRP's measurement of UL-SRS, the smaller the gap between the UE's DL-PRS measurement and the UE's UL-SRS transmission, the better the accuracy of estimating the location of the UE and / or the distance of the UE from each TRP may be.

[0084] In some aspects of wireless communication, the terms "positioning reference signal" and "PRS" generally may refer to specific reference signals used for positioning in NR and LTE systems. However, as used herein, the terms "positioning reference signal" and "PRS" may also refer to any type of reference signal that can be used for positioning, such as but not limited to: PRS, TRS, PTRS, CRS, CSI-RS, DMRS, PSS, SSS, SSB, SRS, UL-PRS, etc., as defined in LTE and NR. Additionally, the terms "positioning reference signal" and "PRS" may refer to downlink or uplink positioning reference signals, unless otherwise indicated by context. In some aspects, the downlink positioning reference signal may be referred to as "DL-PRS", and the uplink positioning reference signal (e.g., positioning SRS, PTRS) may be referred to as "UL-PRS". Further, for signals that may be transmitted in both the uplink and downlink (e.g., DMRS, PTRS), these signals may be prefixed with "UL" or "DL" to distinguish the direction. For example, "UL-DMRS" may be distinguished from "DL-DMRS".

[0085] Figure 6Communication flow 600 illustrates an example multi-RTT positioning process according to various aspects of the present disclosure. The numbers associated with communication flow 600 do not specify a particular time order and are only used as a reference for communication flow 600. Additionally, only DL and / or only UL positioning may use one or more subsets of this multi-RTT positioning process.

[0086] At 610, the LMF 606 may request one or more positioning capabilities from the UE 602 (e.g., to the target device). In some examples, the request for one or more positioning capabilities from the UE 602 may be associated with the LTE positioning protocol (LPP). For example, the LMF 606 may use the LPP capability transfer procedure to request the positioning capabilities of the UE 602. At 612, the LMF 606 may request UL SRS configuration information of the UE 602. The LMF 606 may also provide assistance data (e.g., path loss reference, spatial relationship, and / or SSB configuration, etc.) specified by the serving base station 604. For example, the LMF 606 may transmit an NR positioning protocol A (NRPPa) positioning information request message to the serving base station 604 to request UL information of the UE 602.

[0087] At 614, the serving base station 604 may determine the resources available for UL SRS, and at 616, the serving base station 604 may configure one or more UL SRS resource sets for the UE 602 based on the available resources. At 618, the serving base station 604 may provide UL SRS configuration information to the LMF 606, such as via an NRPPa positioning information response message. At 620, the LMF 606 may select one or more candidate neighboring BS / TRPs 608, and the LMF 606 may provide the UL SRS configuration to the one or more candidate neighboring BS / TRPs 608 and / or the serving base station 604, such as via an NRPPa measurement request message. The message may include information for enabling the one or more candidate neighboring BS / TRPs 608 and / or the serving base station to perform UL measurements.

[0088] At 622, the LMF 606 may transmit an LPP provide assistance data message to the UE 602. The message may include the specified assistance data for the UE 602 to perform DL measurements. At 624, the LMF 606 may transmit an LPP request location information message to the UE 602 to request multi-RTT measurements. At 626, for semi-persistent or non-periodic UL SRS, the LMF 606 may request the serving base station 604 to activate / trigger the UL SRS in the UE 602. For example, the LMF 606 may request the activation of UE SRS transmission by transmitting an NRPPa positioning activation request message to the serving base station 604.

[0089] At 628, the serving base station 604 may activate UE SRS transmission and transmit an NRPPa positioning activation response message. In response, UE 602 may start UL-SRS transmission according to the time-domain behavior of the UL SRS resource configuration. At 630, UE 602 may perform DL measurements from one or more candidate neighboring BS / TRPs 608 and / or the serving base station 604 provided in the assistance data. At 632, each of the configured one or more candidate neighboring BS / TRPs 608 and / or the serving base station 604 may perform UL measurements. At 634, UE 602 may report the DL measurements to the LMF 606, such as via an LPP-provided position information message. At 636, each of the one or more candidate neighboring BS / TRPs 608 and / or the serving base station 604 may report the UL measurements to the LMF 606, such as via an NRPPa measurement response message. At 638, the LMF 606 may determine the RTT from UE 602 and the BS / TRP Rx-Tx time difference measurements for each of the one or more candidate neighboring BS / TRPs 608 and / or the serving base station 604 that provided the corresponding UL and DL measurements at 634 and 636, and the LMF 606 may compute the positioning of UE 602.

[0090] Some aspects of wireless communication may experience clutter (i.e., static reflections associated with signals or radar). For example, clutter may include unwanted static reflections with limited relative motion with respect to a particular target. The power spectral density (PSD) of clutter may be concentrated near certain frequencies (e.g., direct current (DC)). Additionally, clutter may exhibit some Doppler frequency spread such that the total clutter spread is not equal to zero. In the radar literature, the total clutter spread may be modeled by a specific formula. For example, the total clutter spread may be modeled as: where corresponds to the clutter spread caused by platform motion, corresponds to the antenna scan rate, and corresponds to the clutter spread caused by wind.

[0091] Clutter may originate from the same range or angle cell as the target location. The radar cross section (RCS) of clutter may be greater than that of the target of interest (e.g., greater than 50 dB). The characteristics of clutter may vary with certain types of terrain (e.g., land or water), climate (e.g., rain or snow), etc. Additionally, there may be several different types of clutter, each of which may include different relative powers (in dB). For example, clutter may include land clutter, water or sea clutter, rain clutter, chaff clutter, bird clutter, and aircraft clutter.

[0092] Figure 7 is a graph 700 illustrating an example power spectral density (PSD) of clutter. More specifically,Figure 7 depicts the clutter PSD compared to the pulse repetition frequency. As Figure 7 shown, graph 700 includes an example clutter PSD 710 plotted relative to frequency, and includes the pulse repetition frequency (f r ) and a constant k. For example, the example clutter PSD 710 is compared to the following frequency values: -(k + 1)·f r , -k·f r , 0, k·f r and (k + 1)·f r .

[0093] Some types of radar systems (e.g., pulsed radar systems) may utilize special types of filters that can distinguish slow-moving or stationary targets from fast-moving targets. For example, one class of these types of filters is known as a moving target indicator (MTI) or MTI filter. The purpose of an MTI filter can be to suppress echoes of similar targets generated by clutter. Additionally, an MTI filter may allow echoes from moving targets to pass through with little or no degradation. To effectively suppress clutter echoes, an MTI filter may need to have deep stopbands at direct current (DC) and at integer multiples of the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) f r . In some aspects, DC can correspond to a frequency value of 0 Hz.

[0094] Figure 8 Graphs 800, 810, and 820 include graphs that illustrate example clutter relative to frequency. More specifically, Figure 8 depicts the input to an MTI filter, the MTI filter response, and the output to the MTI filter plotted relative to frequency. As Figure 8 shown, graph 800 includes the input 802 to the MTI filter, the clutter echo 804, the noise level 806, and the target echo 830. Graph 800 also shows that the input 802 to the MTI filter is near a frequency value of zero, and depicts positive and negative values of the pulse repetition frequency (f r ). Graph 810 includes the MTI filter response 812 and the target echo 830. Additionally, graph 810 shows that the MTI filter response 812 is a function of frequency (e.g., near a frequency value of zero), and depicts positive and negative values of the pulse repetition frequency (f r ). Graph 820 includes the MTI filter output 822 and the target echo 830. Additionally, graph 820 shows that the MTI filter output 822 corresponds to clutter near a frequency value of zero that is being filtered out or set to zero, and depicts positive and negative values of the pulse repetition frequency (f r ).

[0095] In some aspects, a delay line canceller can be used to implement an MTI filter. A delay line canceller is a filter that eliminates the direct current (DC) component of an echo signal received from a stationary target. That is, a delay line canceller can allow non-zero frequency components (e.g., components having a frequency greater than a threshold) of an echo signal received from a non-stationary target (i.e., a moving target). The frequency response of such an MTI filter can be periodic, with zeros at integer multiples of the pulse repetition frequency. Additionally, the shape of an MTI filter can be designed by introducing recursive feedback into the MTI filter. In an MTI filter with a delay line canceller, there can be a single delay line canceller (e.g., two-pulse MTI) or a double delay line canceller (e.g., three-pulse MTI). Compared to a two-pulse delay line canceller, a three-pulse delay line canceller can provide a wider clutter notch and greater clutter attenuation.

[0096] Figure 9A and Figure 9B respectively include FIGS. 900 and 950 illustrating exemplary MTI filters using a delay line canceller. More specifically, Figure 9A depicts an MTI filter using a single delay line canceller. As Figure 9A shown, FIG. 900 includes an MTI filter 910 having a delay line canceller 912. FIG. 900 also includes the input x(t) and output y(t) of the filter. The MTI filter 910 is also associated with two formulas: h(t) = δ(t) - δ·(t - T) and H(z) = 1 - z -1 . Figure 9B depicts an MTI filter using a double delay line canceller. As Figure 9B shown, FIG. 950 includes an MTI filter 960 having a delay line canceller 962 and a delay line canceller 964. The MTI filter 960 also includes the input x(t) and output y(t) of the filter. Additionally, an MTI filter 970 includes a delay line canceller 972, a delay line canceller 974, and a delay line canceller 976. The MTI filter 970 also includes the input x(t) and output y(t) of the filter. The MTI filter 960 and the MTI filter 970 are also associated with the system response in the time domain and the Z domain: h(t) = δ(t) - 2δ·(t - T) - δ·(t - 2T) and H(z) = 1 - 2z -1 -z -2 .

[0097] In some aspects, a target having a Doppler frequency equal to a specific value (e.g., kf r ) can be severely attenuated. The target velocity that produces a Doppler frequency equal to kf r can be referred to as the blind velocity: v blind =(kλf r) / 2. The blind speed can severely limit the performance of an MTI radar and its ability to perform adequate target detection. To address the blind speed issue, the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) can be increased, and as a result, the radar may have a range ambiguity problem. To solve the blind speed problem, multiple PRF schemes can be utilized (i.e., using PRF staggering).

[0098] Figure 10 FIG. 1000 is a graph that illustrates example frequencies of an MTI filter. More specifically, Figure 10 depicts the frequency of the MTI filter and the corresponding blind speed, clutter notch, and clutter spectrum. As Figure 10 shown, graph 1000 includes the frequency of MTI filter 1010, clutter notch 1020, clutter spectrum 1030, and blind speed 1040. The frequency values on graph 1000 correspond to the values 0, f r (i.e., 1 / T) and 2f r (i.e., 2 / T). As Figure 10 shown, blind speed 1040 corresponds to the frequency values f r (i.e., 1 / T) and 2f r (i.e., 2 / T). Clutter notch 1020 corresponds to the frequency value 0.

[0099] As indicated above, to address the blind speed problem, multiple PRF schemes can be utilized (i.e., using PRF staggering). PRF staggering is to stagger or vary the pulse repetition intervals between consecutive pulses. PRF staggering can mitigate the effect of the blind speed, such as by expanding the first blind speed to a more tolerable value. For example, the MTI filter response with PRF staggering (e.g., two-pulse MTI) can expand the blind speed to a more tolerable value. For example, for a first PRF of 1 / T 1 and a second PRF of 1 / T 2 , PRF staggering can adjust the pulse repetition intervals between consecutive pulses, which can mitigate the effect of the blind speed.

[0100] In some aspects, the design of the MTI filter can depend on the clutter power spectral density and the target speed. The selection of the MTI filter can also depend on the design of the radar reference signal (RS). For a periodic radar RS, the periodicity can determine the clutter notch frequency and the blind speed. The radar transmitter (Tx) may need to know what type of MTI the radar receiver (Rx) supports. Based on the above, it may be beneficial to enhance MTI-based radio frequency (RF) sensing in a cellular system. It may also be beneficial for the MTI filter to operate in a bistatic or multistatic scenario. For example, it may be beneficial for the Tx radar and the Rx radar to be different network nodes in a cellular system.

[0101] Aspects of the present disclosure can enhance MTI-based radio frequency (RF) sensing in cellular systems. For example, aspects presented herein can utilize adaptive MTI-based RF sensing in cellular systems. In some instances, aspects presented herein can also utilize MTI filters operating in bistatic or multistatic scenarios. Additionally, aspects presented herein can utilize radar Tx and radar Rx as different network nodes in a cellular system. Furthermore, aspects presented herein can utilize MTI filters associated with clutter information. Moreover, aspects presented herein can enhance RF sensing measurement reports. Additionally, aspects presented herein can utilize an adaptive pulse repetition frequency (PRF) for MTI filters.

[0102] In some aspects, an MTI filter can distinguish slow-moving or stationary targets from fast-moving targets by suppressing echoes of target-like clutter. The MTI filter can also allow echoes from moving targets to pass through with little or no degradation. Additionally, aspects presented herein can utilize enhancements to MTI-based RF sensing in cellular systems. In one aspect, clutter information can be signaled as auxiliary data for MTI filter design to a wireless device (e.g., gNB or UE). Furthermore, aspects presented herein can vary the clutter power spectral density (PSD) across location and / or time, which can help optimize the MTI filter. Additionally, aspects presented herein can utilize MTI filtering, which can improve RF sensing measurements. Additionally, aspects presented herein can increase or stagger the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) to avoid blind speeds.

[0103] Aspects presented herein can utilize MTI filter design based on clutter information. In some cases, the clutter power spectral density (PSD) of an MTI filter can vary across both location and time. For a mobile wireless device (e.g., UE) with a changing location, the wireless device can observe clutter with different PSDs based on the changing location and / or time. Additionally, for a wireless device with a fixed location or fixed service area (e.g., a base station or gNB), the radar Rx can observe clutter with different PSDs over time.

[0104] In addition, aspects presented herein may allow a wireless device to collect clutter information. For example, to assist a wireless device (e.g., a gNB or a UE) in optimizing its MTI filter, a network entity (e.g., an RF sensing server) may collect clutter information from RF sensing nodes or other sensors across the network (e.g., cameras, radars, lidars, etc.). In some aspects, a sensing node (e.g., an RF sensing node) may report the PSD of clutter by a timestamp and the location of the sensing node. Additionally, the sensing node may report the detected clutter by a timestamp and the location of the sensing node. For example, the classification of clutter (e.g., rain clutter) may be reported by the sensing node. To reduce overhead and complexity, the category of clutter may be reported to a network entity (e.g., an RF sensing server). In addition, an identifier (ID) of the clutter may be defined and / or signaled to a network entity (e.g., an RF sensing server) or a wireless device (e.g., a gNB or a UE).

[0105] In some aspects, the clutter information may be signaled to a wireless device (e.g., a gNB or a UE) as specific data (e.g., auxiliary data) for MTI filter design. A network entity (e.g., an RF sensing server) may fuse or mix the reported clutter information across different sensing nodes. The fused clutter information may be signaled to a sensing node as auxiliary data for MTI filter design. In some instances, the clutter information may be signaled to a wireless device (e.g., a gNB or a UE) periodically. Additionally, a sensing node may request (e.g., on-demand request) auxiliary data or clutter information.

[0106] Moreover, in some instances, aspects presented herein may utilize enhancements to RF sensing measurement reports. As indicated above, aspects presented herein may provide fusion of RF sensing measurements from different sensing nodes. Fusion of RF sensing measurements from different sensing nodes may enhance the accuracy and robustness of RF sensing. For example, fusion of RF sensing measurements may combat radar cross-section (RCS) fading. Aspects presented herein may also include an indication of an MTI filter, such as the MTI filter employed at a sensing node. An indication of the MTI filter employed at a sensing node may enhance the fusion or mixing of sensing measurements. Different types of MTI filters may result in different blind speeds (i.e., the target speed that produces a Doppler frequency equal to a specific value (such as k f r ). Additionally, different types of MTI filters may have different types of frequency responses. Moreover, the width of a clutter notch and the level of clutter attenuation may be used as information.

[0107] In some aspects, the fusion or mixing of sensed measurements can be achieved through a specific type of filter (e.g., Kalman filter) or advanced machine learning (ML) algorithms. Additionally, MTI filter information can assist in the design of the fusion engine. For example, the blind speed derived from the MTI filter can provide less confidence in Doppler measurements near the blind speed. The aspects presented herein can also provide different weights for measurements using different MTI filters. For example, measurements using a three-pulse MTI filter (e.g., including a double delay line canceller) can have a greater weight compared to measurements using a two-pulse MTI filter (e.g., including a single delay line canceller). For example, a three-pulse MTI filter (e.g., including a double delay line canceller) can provide a wider clutter notch and greater clutter attenuation compared to a two-pulse MTI filter (e.g., including a single delay line canceller).

[0108] Furthermore, when a sensing node reports measurements to a network entity (e.g., a sensing server), there can be several different options. For example, the sensing node can indicate the MTI filter information within the measurement report to the network entity (e.g., a sensing server). For example, the MTI filter information can include the MTI type, the frequency response of the MTI filter, etc. If the MTI information is not indicated, the network entity (e.g., an RF sensing server) can assume that no MTI filter is applied at the sensing node. Additionally, the sensing node can report its ability to support the MTI filter. In these cases, the sensing node may be reluctant to disclose the MTI filter information. Furthermore, the sensing node can implicitly indicate that it can use a specific type of MTI filter based on the ability report.

[0109] Additionally, in some instances, the aspects presented herein can use an adaptive pulse repetition frequency (PRF) for the MTI filter. For example, by increasing the PRF of the MTI filter, the aspects presented herein can reduce or avoid the blind speed. By doing so, range ambiguity may not be a problem in a cellular system because each orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol duration may be longer than the round-trip delay. The aspects presented herein can also utilize several different allocations for the radar reference signal (RS). For example, the radar RS PRF can be greater than the highest frequency of the clutter PSD. Additionally, a wireless device (e.g., a gNB or a UE) can schedule the radar RS based on the clutter information provided by a network entity (e.g., a sensing server). The radar RS PRF can also be greater than the maximum Doppler defined by the usage of the RF sensing node. The sensing node can indicate its preference for the radar RS PRF to the sensing server based on its usage. Furthermore, for system-level spectral efficiency, the radar RS PRF may not be too high unless it does not meet the above conditions (e.g., the radar RS PRF can be greater than the highest frequency of the clutter PSD, and the radar RS PRF can also be greater than the maximum Doppler defined by the usage of the RF sensing node).

[0110] In addition, the aspects presented herein can avoid blind speed by enabling PRF interleaving. For example, multiple sets of radar RS resources can be scheduled, where each set of resources is associated with a different periodicity. The selection of the periodicity can consider the frequency response of the MTI filter. Thus, the number of sets of resources and the periodicity of each set of resources can consider the capabilities of the MTI filter implemented in the sensing node and the clutter PSD. In addition, the aspects presented herein can associate one or more aperiodic sensing RSs with one or more periodic sensing RSs. By doing so, this can result in a trade-off between performance and spectral efficiency. Additionally, the aspects presented herein can associate one or more aperiodic sensing RSs with one or more aperiodic sensing RSs. By doing so, this can achieve single sensing, but with high spectral efficiency. Moreover, a wireless device (e.g., a UE or a gNB) can use the associated radar RS as an input to the MTI filter.

[0111] Aspects of the present disclosure can include multiple benefits or advantages. For example, the aspects presented herein can enhance MTI-based radio frequency (RF) sensing in a cellular system. In some aspects, clutter information can be signaled as auxiliary data for MTI filter design to a wireless device (e.g., a gNB or a UE). In addition, the aspects presented herein can vary the clutter PSD across locations and / or times, which can help optimize the MTI filter. In addition, the aspects presented herein can utilize MTI filtering, which can improve RF sensing measurements. In addition, the aspects presented herein can increase or interleave the PRF to reduce or avoid blind speed.

[0112] Figure 11 is a communication flowchart 1100 of wireless communication according to one or more techniques of the present disclosure. As Figure 11 shown, the illustration 1100 includes an example communication between a wireless device 1102 (e.g., a UE or a base station) and a network entity 1104 (e.g., a server or a sensing server) according to one or more techniques of the present disclosure. In some aspects, the wireless device 1102 can be a first wireless device (e.g., a UE, a base station, a TRP, or a network entity), and the network entity 1104 can be a second wireless device (e.g., a UE, a base station, a TRP, or a network entity).

[0113] At 1110, the wireless device 1102 can send a request for clutter information (e.g., request 1114) to a network entity (e.g., network entity 1104), and an indication of the clutter information can be received based on the request.

[0114] At 1112, the network entity 1104 may receive a request for clutter information (e.g., request 1114) from a wireless device (e.g., wireless device 1102), and an indication of the clutter information is sent based on the request.

[0115] At 1120, the wireless device 1102 may send an indication of filter capabilities associated with at least one filter of the wireless device for the network entity (e.g., indication 1124). The indication of filter capabilities may include at least one type of at least one filter, or at least one filter may be at least one moving target indicator (MTI) filter, and the indication of filter capabilities may include at least one type of at least one MTI filter.

[0116] At 1122, the network entity 1104 may receive an indication of filter capabilities associated with at least one filter of the wireless device from the wireless device (e.g., indication 1124). The indication of filter capabilities may include at least one type of at least one filter, or at least one filter may be at least one moving target indicator (MTI) filter, and the indication of filter capabilities may include at least one type of at least one MTI filter.

[0117] At 1130, the network entity 1104 may obtain clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, where the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to at least one sensing node or at least one sensor. For example, the clutter information may be associated with stationary reflections (relative to the sensing node or sensor) of one or more signals and / or slow-moving reflections (relative to the sensing node or sensor) of one or more signals. That is, the reflections of the signals may be stationary or slow-moving (i.e., moving at a speed less than a reflection speed threshold). To distinguish slow-moving / stationary reflections from fast-moving reflections, a specific type of filter may be used. For example, as indicated above, one class of these types of filters is referred to as a moving target indicator (MTI) or MTI filter. The purpose of an MTI filter may be to suppress echo signals similar to targets generated by clutter. In addition, the MTI filter may allow echoes from moving reflections / targets to pass through with little or no degradation. To effectively suppress clutter echoes, the MTI filter may need to have deep stopbands at DC and at integer multiples of the PRF, f r In some aspects, DC may correspond to a frequency value of 0 Hz. Additionally, the clutter information may include at least one of the following: the power spectral density (PSD) of the clutter associated with the clutter information, the classification of the clutter associated with the clutter information, the timestamp of at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, or the location of at least one sensing node or at least one sensor.

[0118] At 1140, a network entity 1104 may send an indication (e.g., indication 1144) of clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor to a wireless device, where the clutter information is associated with at least one filter of the wireless device. The indication of the clutter information may be auxiliary data associated with at least one filter of the wireless device. The at least one filter may be one or more of the following: at least one moving target indicator (MTI) filter, at least one radio frequency (RF) filter, or at least one baseband filter. The network entity may be a server or a sensing server, and the wireless device may be a network node, a user equipment (UE), or a base station. The auxiliary data associated with at least one filter of the wireless device may be sent to the wireless device periodically.

[0119] At 1142, a wireless device 1102 may receive an indication (e.g., indication 1144) of clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor from a network entity, where the clutter information is associated with one or more signals relative to one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of at least one sensing node or at least one sensor. The clutter information may include at least one of the following: the power spectral density (PSD) of the clutter associated with the clutter information, the classification of the clutter associated with the clutter information, the timestamp of at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, or the location of at least one sensing node or at least one sensor. The indication of the clutter information may be auxiliary data associated with at least one filter of the wireless device. The at least one filter may be one or more of the following: at least one moving target indicator (MTI) filter, at least one radio frequency (RF) filter, or at least one baseband filter. The network entity may be a server or a sensing server, and the wireless device may be a network node, a user equipment (UE), or a base station. The auxiliary data associated with at least one filter of the wireless device may be sent to the wireless device periodically.

[0120] At 1150, the wireless device 1102 may configure at least one filter in a set of filters at the wireless device based on the clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor.

[0121] At 1160, the wireless device 1102 may perform radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements for at least one filter of the wireless device.

[0122] At 1170, the wireless device 1102 may send an indication (e.g., indication 1174) of RF sensing measurements for at least one filter for the wireless device to a network entity. The indication of the RF sensing measurements for at least one filter may include at least one of the following: a moving target indicator (MTI) filter information of the at least one filter, an MTI type of the at least one filter, or a frequency response of the at least one filter. The RF sensing measurements for at least one filter may be associated with a Kalman filter, a machine learning (ML) process, or a neural network (NN) process.

[0123] At 1172, the network entity 1104 may receive from the wireless device an indication (e.g., indication 1174) of RF sensing measurements for at least one filter for the wireless device. The indication of the RF sensing measurements for at least one filter may include at least one of the following: a moving target indicator (MTI) filter information of the at least one filter, an MTI type of the at least one filter, or a frequency response of the at least one filter. The RF sensing measurements for at least one filter may be associated with a Kalman filter, a machine learning (ML) process, or a neural network (NN) process.

[0124] At 1180, the network entity 1104 may schedule at least one pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of one or more signals.

[0125] At 1190, the network entity 1104 may send an indication (e.g., indication 1194) of at least one PRF of one or more signals. At least one PRF of the one or more signals may be greater than a maximum frequency of a power spectral density (PSD) of clutter associated with clutter information, or at least one PRF of the one or more signals may be greater than a maximum Doppler frequency associated with usage of RF sensing measurements for at least one filter. In some aspects, the at least one PRF may be at least two PRFs, and each of the at least two PRFs may be interleaved. Each of the at least two PRFs may be associated with a corresponding RS resource set in a set of RS resource sets, and each RS resource set in the set of RS resource sets may be associated with a different periodicity. Additionally, each of the at least two PRFs may be associated with a corresponding aperiodic sensing RS in an aperiodic sensing RS set and a corresponding periodic sensing RS in a periodic sensing RS set. Additionally, each of the at least two PRFs may be associated with a corresponding first aperiodic sensing RS in a first aperiodic sensing RS set and a corresponding second aperiodic sensing RS in a second aperiodic sensing RS set.

[0126] At 1192, the wireless device 1102 may receive an indication of at least one pulse repetition frequency (PRF) for one or more signals (e.g., indication 1194) from a network entity. The at least one PRF of the one or more signals may be greater than the maximum frequency of the power spectral density (PSD) of clutter associated with clutter information, or the at least one PRF of the one or more signals may be greater than the maximum Doppler frequency associated with the usage of radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements for at least one filter. In some aspects, the at least one PRF may be at least two PRFs, and each of the at least two PRFs may be interleaved. Each of the at least two PRFs may be associated with a corresponding reference signal (RS) resource set in a set of RS resource sets, and each RS resource set in the set of RS resource sets may be associated with a different periodicity. Additionally, each of the at least two PRFs may be associated with a corresponding aperiodic sensing RS in a set of aperiodic sensing RSs and a corresponding periodic sensing RS in a set of periodic sensing RSs. Additionally, each of the at least two PRFs may be associated with a corresponding first aperiodic sensing RS in a first set of aperiodic sensing RSs and a corresponding second aperiodic sensing RS in a second set of aperiodic sensing RSs.

[0127] Figure 12 is a flowchart 1200 of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a wireless device, a UE, or a base station (e.g., base station 102, UE 104, wireless device 1102; apparatus 1604; network entity 1702). The methods described herein may provide several benefits such as improved resource utilization and / or power savings.

[0128] At 1206, the wireless device may receive an indication of clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, where the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to the at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, as relative to Figures 4 to 11 discussed. For example, as Figure 11As described in 1142, the wireless device 1102 may receive an indication of clutter information from a network entity from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, where the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to at least one sensing node or at least one sensor. Additionally, step 1206 may be performed by the location component 198. The clutter information may include at least one of the following: the power spectral density (PSD) of the clutter associated with the clutter information, the classification of the clutter associated with the clutter information, a timestamp of at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, or the location of at least one sensing node or at least one sensor. The indication of the clutter information may be auxiliary data associated with at least one filter of the wireless device. The at least one filter may be one or more of the following: at least one moving target indicator (MTI) filter, at least one radio frequency (RF) filter, or at least one baseband filter. The network entity may be a server or a sensing server, and the wireless device may be a network node, a user equipment (UE), or a base station. The auxiliary data associated with at least one filter of the wireless device may be sent to the wireless device periodically.

[0129] At 1208, the wireless device may configure at least one filter in a set of filters at the wireless device based on the clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, as discussed with respect to Figures 4 to 11 For example, as described in 1150 of Figure 11 , the wireless device 1102 may configure at least one filter in a set of filters at the wireless device based on the clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor. Additionally, step 1208 may be performed by the location component 198.

[0130] Figure 13 FIG. 1300 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a wireless device, a UE, or a base station (e.g., base station 102, UE 104, wireless device 1102; device 1604; network entity 1702). The methods described herein may provide several benefits such as improved resource utilization and / or power savings.

[0131] At 1302, the wireless device may send a request for clutter information to a network entity, where an indication of the clutter information may be received based on the request, as discussed with respect to Figures 4 to 11 For example, as described in 1110 of Figure 11 , the wireless device 1102 may send a request for clutter information to a network entity, where an indication of the clutter information may be received based on the request. Additionally, step 1302 may be performed by the location component 198.

[0132] At 1304, the wireless device may send an indication of filter capabilities associated with at least one filter of the wireless device to a network entity, as discussed with respect to Figures 4 to 11 For example, as described in 1120 of Figure 11 , the wireless device 1102 may send an indication of filter capabilities associated with at least one filter of the wireless device to a network entity. Additionally, step 1304 may be performed by the location component 198. The indication of filter capabilities may include at least one type of at least one filter, or at least one filter may be at least one moving target indicator (MTI) filter, and the indication of filter capabilities may include at least one type of at least one MTI filter.

[0133] At 1306, the wireless device may receive an indication of clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, where the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, as discussed with respect to Figures 4 to 11 For example, as described in 1142 of Figure 11 , the wireless device 1102 may receive an indication of clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, where the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to at least one sensing node or at least one sensor. Additionally, step 1306 may be performed by the location component 198. The clutter information may include at least one of the following: the power spectral density (PSD) of the clutter associated with the clutter information, the classification of the clutter associated with the clutter information, the timestamp of at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, or the location of at least one sensing node or at least one sensor. The indication of clutter information may be auxiliary data associated with at least one filter of the wireless device. At least one filter may be one or more of the following: at least one moving target indicator (MTI) filter, at least one radio frequency (RF) filter, or at least one baseband filter. The network entity may be a server or a sensing server, and the wireless device may be a network node, a user equipment (UE), or a base station. The auxiliary data associated with at least one filter of the wireless device may be sent to the wireless device periodically.

[0134] At 1308, the wireless device may configure at least one filter in a set of filters at the wireless device based on the clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, as discussed with respect to Figures 4 to 11 For example, as described in Figure 11As described in 1150, the wireless device 1102 may configure at least one filter in a set of filters at the wireless device based on clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor. Additionally, step 1308 may be performed by the location component 198.

[0135] At 1310, the wireless device may perform radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements for at least one filter of the wireless device, as discussed with respect to Figures 4 to 11 As discussed. For example, as Figure 11 described in 1160, the wireless device 1102 may perform radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements for at least one filter of the wireless device. Additionally, step 1310 may be performed by the location component 198.

[0136] At 1312, the wireless device may send an indication of the RF sensing measurements for at least one filter of the wireless device to a network entity, as discussed with respect to Figures 4 to 11 As discussed. For example, as Figure 11 described in 1170, the wireless device 1102 may send an indication of the RF sensing measurements for at least one filter of the wireless device to a network entity. Additionally, step 1312 may be performed by the location component 198. The indication of the RF sensing measurements for at least one filter may include at least one of the following: a moving target indicator (MTI) filter information of the at least one filter, an MTI type of the at least one filter, or a frequency response of the at least one filter. The RF sensing measurements for at least one filter may be associated with a Kalman filter, a machine learning (ML) process, or a neural network (NN) process.

[0137] At 1314, the wireless device may receive an indication of at least one pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of one or more signals from a network entity, as discussed with respect to Figures 4 to 11 As discussed. As Figure 11As described in 1192, the wireless device 1102 may receive an indication of at least one pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of one or more signals from a network entity. Additionally, step 1314 may be performed by the location component 198. At least one PRF of the one or more signals may be greater than the maximum frequency of the power spectral density (PSD) of clutter associated with clutter information, or at least one PRF of the one or more signals may be greater than the maximum Doppler frequency associated with the usage of radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements for at least one filter. In some aspects, the at least one PRF may be at least two PRFs, and each of the at least two PRFs may be interleaved. Each of the at least two PRFs may be associated with a corresponding reference signal (RS) resource set in a set of RS resource sets, and each RS resource set in the set of RS resource sets may be associated with a different periodicity. Additionally, each of the at least two PRFs may be associated with a corresponding aperiodic sensing RS in a set of aperiodic sensing RSs and a corresponding periodic sensing RS in a set of periodic sensing RSs. Additionally, each of the at least two PRFs may be associated with a corresponding first aperiodic sensing RS in a first set of aperiodic sensing RSs and a corresponding second aperiodic sensing RS in a second set of aperiodic sensing RSs.

[0138] Figure 14 FIG. 1400 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a network entity, a server, or a sensing server (e.g., LMF 166; set of location servers 168; network entity 1104; network entity 1860). The methods described herein may provide several benefits, such as improved resource utilization and / or power savings.

[0139] At 1406, the network entity may obtain clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, where the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to the at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, as discussed with respect to Figures 4 to 11 For example, as described in 1130 of Figure 11 the network entity 1104 may obtain clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, where the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to the at least one sensing node or at least one sensor. Additionally, step 1406 may be performed by the location component 199. The clutter information may include at least one of the following: the power spectral density (PSD) of clutter associated with the clutter information, the classification of clutter associated with the clutter information, the timestamp of the at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, or the location of the at least one sensing node or at least one sensor.

[0140] At 1408, a network entity may send an indication of clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor to a wireless device, where the clutter information is associated with at least one filter of the wireless device, as discussed with respect to Figures 4 to 11 discussed. For example, as described in 1140 of Figure 11 , the network entity 1104 may send an indication of clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor to a wireless device, where the clutter information is associated with at least one filter of the wireless device. Additionally, step 1408 may be performed by the location component 199. The indication of the clutter information may be auxiliary data associated with at least one filter of the wireless device. The at least one filter may be one or more of the following: at least one moving target indicator (MTI) filter, at least one radio frequency (RF) filter, or at least one baseband filter. The network entity may be a server or a sensing server, and the wireless device may be a network node, a user equipment (UE), or a base station. The auxiliary data associated with at least one filter of the wireless device may be sent to the wireless device periodically.

[0141] Figure 15 is a flowchart 1500 of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a network entity, a server, or a sensing server (e.g., LMF 166; location server set 168; network entity 1104; network entity 1860). The methods described herein may provide several benefits, such as improved resource utilization and / or power savings.

[0142] At 1502, the network entity may receive a request for clutter information from the wireless device, where an indication of the clutter information may be sent based on the request, as discussed with respect to Figures 4 to 11 discussed. For example, as described in 1112 of Figure 11 , the network entity 1104 may receive a request for clutter information from the wireless device, where an indication of the clutter information may be sent based on the request. Additionally, step 1502 may be performed by the location component 199.

[0143] At 1504, the network entity may receive an indication of filter capabilities associated with at least one filter of the wireless device, as discussed with respect to Figures 4 to 11 discussed. For example, as described in Figure 11As described in 1122, the network entity 1104 may receive an indication of filter capabilities associated with at least one filter of the wireless device. Additionally, step 1504 may be performed by the location component 199. The indication of filter capabilities may include at least one type of at least one filter, or at least one filter may be at least one moving target indicator (MTI) filter, and the indication of filter capabilities may include at least one type of at least one MTI filter.

[0144] At 1506, the network entity may obtain clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, where the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to the at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, as discussed with respect to Figures 4 to 11 For example, as Figure 11 described in 1130, the network entity 1104 may obtain clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, where the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to the at least one sensing node or at least one sensor. Additionally, step 1506 may be performed by the location component 199. The clutter information may include at least one of the following: the power spectral density (PSD) of the clutter associated with the clutter information, the classification of the clutter associated with the clutter information, the timestamp of the at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, or the location of the at least one sensing node or at least one sensor.

[0145] At 1508, the network entity may send an indication of the clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor for the wireless device, where the clutter information is associated with at least one filter of the wireless device, as discussed with respect to Figures 4 to 11 For example, as Figure 11 described in 1140, the network entity 1104 may send an indication of the clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor for the wireless device, where the clutter information is associated with at least one filter of the wireless device. Additionally, step 1508 may be performed by the location component 199. The indication of the clutter information may be auxiliary data associated with at least one filter of the wireless device. At least one filter may be one or more of the following: at least one moving target indicator (MTI) filter, at least one radio frequency (RF) filter, or at least one baseband filter. The network entity may be a server or a sensing server, and the wireless device may be a network node, a user equipment (UE), or a base station. The auxiliary data associated with at least one filter of the wireless device may be sent to the wireless device periodically.

[0146] At 1510, the network entity may receive from the wireless device an indication of a radio frequency (RF) sensing measurement for at least one filter of the wireless device, such as with respect to Figures 4 to 11 For example, Figure 11 As described in 1172 of , the network entity 1104 may receive an indication of a radio frequency (RF) sensing measurement for at least one filter of the wireless device from the wireless device. In addition, step 1510 may be performed by the location component 199. The indication of the RF sensing measurement for at least one filter may include at least one of the following: mobile target indicator (MTI) filter information of at least one filter, an MTI type of at least one filter, or a frequency response of at least one filter. The RF sensing measurement for at least one filter may be associated with a Kalman filter, a machine learning (ML) process, or a neural network (NN) process.

[0147] At 1512, the network entity may schedule at least one pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of one or more signals, such as relative to Figures 4 to 11 For example, Figure 11 As described in 1180 of , the network entity 1104 can schedule at least one pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of the one or more signals. In addition, step 1512 can be performed by the location component 199.

[0148] At 1514, the network entity may send an indication of at least one PRF for one or more signals, such as with respect to Figures 4 to 11 For example, Figure 11 As described in 1190 of , the network entity 1104 may send an indication of at least one PRF of one or more signals. In addition, step 1514 may be performed by the location component 199. At least one PRF of the one or more signals may be greater than the maximum frequency of the power spectral density (PSD) of the clutter associated with the clutter information, or at least one PRF of the one or more signals may be greater than the maximum Doppler frequency associated with the use case of the radio frequency (RF) sensing measurement for at least one filter. In some aspects, the at least one PRF may be at least two PRFs, and each of the at least two PRFs may be staggered. Each of the at least two PRFs may be associated with a corresponding RS resource set in a set of reference signal (RS) resource sets, and each RS resource set in the set of RS resource sets may be associated with a different periodicity. In addition, each of the at least two PRFs may be associated with a corresponding non-periodic sensing RS in a non-periodic sensing RS set and a corresponding periodic sensing RS in a periodic sensing RS set. Furthermore, each of the at least two PRFs may be associated with a corresponding first aperiodic sensing RS in the first aperiodic sensing RS set and a corresponding second aperiodic sensing RS in the second aperiodic sensing RS set.

[0149] Figure 16FIG. 1600 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for apparatus 1604. Apparatus 1604 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, apparatus 1604 may include a cellular baseband processor 1624 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1622 (e.g., cellular RF transceivers). The cellular baseband processor 1624 may include on-chip memory 1624'. In some aspects, apparatus 1604 may further include one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 1620 and an application processor 1606, which is coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1608 and a screen 1610. The application processor 1606 may include on-chip memory 1606'. In some aspects, apparatus 1604 may further include a Bluetooth module 1612, a WLAN module 1614, an SPS module 1616 (e.g., GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1618 (e.g., barometric pressure sensor / altimeter; motion sensors such as an inertial management unit (IMU), gyroscope, and / or accelerometer; light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio assisted detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), an additional memory module 1626, a power supply 1630, and / or a camera 1632. The Bluetooth module 1612, the WLAN module 1614, and the SPS module 1616 may include on-chip transceivers (TRX) (or in some cases, only receivers (RX)). The Bluetooth module 1612, the WLAN module 1614, and the SPS module 1616 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or communicate using antenna 1680. The cellular baseband processor 1624 communicates with UE 104 and / or with a RU associated with network entity 1602 via one or more antennas 1680 through transceiver 1622. The cellular baseband processor 1624 and the application processor 1606 may each respectively include computer-readable media / memory 1624', 1606'. The additional memory module 1626 may also be considered computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable media / memory 1624', 1606', 1626 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 1624 and the application processor 1606 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable media / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor 1624 / application processor 1606, causes the cellular baseband processor 1624 / application processor 1606 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable media / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1624 / application processor 1606 when executing the software.The cellular baseband processor 1624 / application processor 1606 may be components of the UE 350 and may include the memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the device 1604 may be a processor chip (modem and / or application) and include only the cellular baseband processor 1624 and / or the application processor 1606, and in another configuration, the device 1604 may be the entire UE (e.g., see. Figure 3 of 350) and include additional modules of the device 1604.

[0150] As discussed above, the location component 198 may be configured to receive, from a network entity, an indication of clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, where the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor. The location component 198 may also be configured to configure at least one filter in a set of filters at the wireless device based on the clutter information from the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor. The location component 198 may also be configured to send, to the network entity, a request for the clutter information, where the indication of the clutter information is received based on the request. The location component 198 may also be configured to perform radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements on at least one filter of the wireless device. The location component 198 may also be configured to send, to the network entity, an indication of the RF sensing measurements on at least one filter of the wireless device. The location component 198 may also be configured to send, to the network entity, an indication of filter capabilities associated with at least one filter of the wireless device. The location component 198 may also be configured to receive, from the network entity, an indication of at least one pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of one or more signals.

[0151] The location component 198 can be within the cellular baseband processor 1624, the application processor 1606, or both the cellular baseband processor 1624 and the application processor 1606. The location component 198 can be one or more hardware components that are specifically configured to implement the process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to execute the process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. As shown, the device 1604 can include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the device 1604 (specifically, the cellular baseband processor 1624 and / or the application processor 1606) includes components for receiving an indication of clutter information from a network entity for at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, where the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to at least one sensing node or at least one sensor. The device 1604 can also include components for configuring at least one filter in a set of filters at the wireless device based on the clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor. The device 1604 can also include components for sending a request for clutter information to the network entity, where the indication of clutter information is received based on the request. The device 1604 can also include components for performing radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements for at least one filter of the wireless device. The device 1604 can also include components for sending an indication of the RF sensing measurements for at least one filter of the wireless device to the network entity. The device 1604 can also include components for sending an indication of filter capabilities associated with at least one filter of the wireless device to the network entity. The device 1604 can also include components for receiving an indication of at least one pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of one or more signals from the network entity. The components can be the location component 198 of the device 1604 configured to perform the functions recited by the components. As described above, the device 1604 can include a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, the components can be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the components.

[0152] Figure 17FIG. 1700 is an illustration of an example of a hardware implementation for network entity 1702. Network entity 1702 can be a BS, a component of a BS, or can implement BS functionality. Network entity 1702 can include at least one of CU 1710, DU 1730, or RU 1740. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by location component 198, network entity 1702 can include CU 1710; both CU 1710 and DU 1730; each of CU 1710, DU 1730, and RU 1740; DU 1730; both DU 1730 and RU 1740; or RU 1740. CU 1710 can include CU processor 1712. CU processor 1712 can include on-chip memory 1712'. In some aspects, CU 1710 can also include additional memory module 1714 and communication interface 1718. CU 1710 communicates with DU 1730 via an intermediate link (such as the F1 interface). DU 1730 can include DU processor 1732. DU processor 1732 can include on-chip memory 1732'. In some aspects, DU 1730 can also include additional memory module 1734 and communication interface 1738. DU 1730 communicates with RU 1740 via a fronthaul link. RU 1740 can include RU processor 1742. RU processor 1742 can include on-chip memory 1742'. In some aspects, RU 1740 can also include additional memory module 1744, one or more transceivers 1746, antenna 1780, and communication interface 1748. RU 1740 communicates with UE 104. On-chip memories 1712', 1732', 1742' and additional memory modules 1714, 1734, 1744 can each be regarded as computer-readable media / memories. Each computer-readable media / memory can be non-transitory. Each of processors 1712, 1732, 1742 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable media / memory. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor, causes the processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable media / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0153] As discussed above, the location component 198 may be configured to receive, from a network entity, an indication of clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, where the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor. The location component 198 may also be configured to configure at least one filter in a set of filters at the wireless device based on the clutter information from the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor. The location component 198 may also be configured to send, to the network entity, a request for the clutter information, where the indication of the clutter information is received based on the request. The location component 198 may also be configured to perform radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements for at least one filter of the wireless device. The location component 198 may also be configured to send, to the network entity, an indication of the RF sensing measurements for at least one filter of the wireless device. The location component 198 may also be configured to send, to the network entity, an indication of filter capabilities associated with at least one filter of the wireless device. The location component 198 may also be configured to receive, from the network entity, an indication of at least one pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of one or more signals.

[0154] The location component 198 can be within one or more processors of one or more of the CU 1710, DU 1730, and RU 1740. The location component 198 can be one or more hardware components that are specifically configured to implement the process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to execute the process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. The network entity 1702 can include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 1702 can include components for receiving an indication of clutter information from a network entity for at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, where the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to at least one sensing node or at least one sensor. The network entity 1702 can also include components for configuring at least one filter in a set of filters at a wireless device based on the clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor. The network entity 1702 can also include components for sending a request for clutter information for the network entity, where an indication of the clutter information is received based on the request. The network entity 1702 can also include components for performing radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements for at least one filter of the wireless device. The network entity 1702 can also include components for sending an indication of RF sensing measurements for at least one filter of the wireless device for the network entity. The network entity 1702 can also include components for sending an indication of filter capabilities associated with at least one filter of the wireless device for the network entity. The network entity 1702 can also include components for receiving an indication of at least one pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of one or more signals from the network entity. The components can be the location component 198 of the network entity 1702 configured to perform the functions recited by the components. As described above, the network entity 1702 can include a TX processor 316, an RX processor 370, and a controller / processor 375. Thus, in one configuration, the components can be the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the components.

[0155] Figure 18FIG. 1800 is an illustration showing an example of a hardware implementation for network entity 1860. In one example, network entity 1860 may be within core network 120. Network entity 1860 may include network processor 1812. Network processor 1812 may include on-chip memory 1812'. In some aspects, network entity 1860 may also include additional memory module 1814. Network entity 1860 communicates with CU 1802 directly (e.g., backhaul link) or indirectly (e.g., through RIC) via network interface 1880. On-chip memory 1812' and additional memory module 1814 may each be considered computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable media / memory may be non-transitory. Processor 1812 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable media / memory. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor, causes the processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable media / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0156] As discussed above, location component 199 may be configured to obtain clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, where the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to the at least one sensing node or at least one sensor. Location component 199 may also be configured to send an indication of the clutter information from the at least one sensing node or at least one sensor for a wireless device, where the clutter information is associated with at least one filter of the wireless device. Location component 199 may also be configured to receive a request for the clutter information from the wireless device, and send an indication of the clutter information based on the request. Location component 199 may also be configured to receive an indication of radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements for at least one filter of the wireless device from the wireless device. Location component 199 may also be configured to receive an indication of filter capabilities associated with at least one filter of the wireless device from the wireless device. Location component 199 may also be configured to schedule at least one pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of one or more signals. Location component 199 may also be configured to send an indication of at least one PRF of one or more signals.

[0157] The location component 199 may be within the processor 1812. The location component 199 may be one or more hardware components that are specifically configured to implement the process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to execute the process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. The network entity 1860 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 1860 may include components for obtaining an indication of clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, where the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to the at least one sensing node or at least one sensor. The network entity 1860 may also include components for transmitting an indication of the clutter information from the at least one sensing node or at least one sensor to a wireless device, where the clutter information is associated with at least one filter of the wireless device. The network entity 1860 may also include components for receiving a request for the clutter information from the wireless device, and transmitting an indication of the clutter information based on the request. The network entity 1860 may also include components for receiving an indication of radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements for at least one filter of the wireless device from the wireless device. The network entity 1860 may also include components for receiving an indication of filter capabilities associated with at least one filter of the wireless device from the wireless device. The network entity 1860 may also include components for scheduling at least one pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of one or more signals. The network entity 1860 may also include components for transmitting an indication of at least one PRF of one or more signals. The components may be the location component 199 of the network entity 1860 configured to perform the functions recited by the components.

[0158] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the disclosed process / flowchart is merely illustrative of example approaches. It should be understood that based on design preferences, the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the process / flowchart may be rearranged. Additionally, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The appended method claims present the elements of the various blocks in a sample order, but are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0159] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims, and the singular forms of elements are not intended to mean "one and only one" but "one or more" unless specifically stated otherwise. Terms such as "if," "when," and "while" do not imply a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases (e.g., "when...") do not imply an immediate action in response to or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that the action will occur if the condition is met, without requiring a specific or immediate time limit for the occurrence of the action. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or having an advantage over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "one or more of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B, and C," "one or more of A, B, and C," and "any combination of A, B, C, or any of them," including any combination of A, B, and / or C, may include multiple A's, multiple B's, or multiple C's. Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "one or more of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B, and C," "one or more of A, B, and C," and "any combination of A, B, C, or any of them" can be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combination may contain one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be construed as a collection of elements, where the number of elements is one or more. Thus, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. If a first device receives data from or sends data to a second device, the data may be received / sent directly between the first device and the second device, or indirectly between the first device and the second device through a collection of devices. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements of the aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later will be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are covered by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, whether or not such disclosure is expressly recited in the claims. The words "module," "mechanism," "element," "device," etc. are not to be used as substitutes for the word "component." Thus, no claim element is to be construed as a means-plus-function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase "means for...".

[0160] As used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed to mean a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" can be information, a condition, a factor, etc.) should be construed as "at least based on A", unless otherwise specifically stated.

[0161] The following aspects are merely illustrative and can be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0162] Aspect 1 is a device for wireless communication at a network entity, the device comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to, at least in part based on information stored in the memory, receive, from the network entity, an indication of clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, wherein the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor; and configure at least one filter in a set of filters at the wireless device based on the clutter information from the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor.

[0163] Aspect 2 is the device according to aspect 1, wherein the clutter information includes at least one of the following: the power spectral density (PSD) of the clutter associated with the clutter information, the classification of the clutter associated with the clutter information, the timestamp of the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor, or the location of the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor.

[0164] Aspect 3 is the device according to any one of aspects 1 and 2, wherein the indication of the clutter information is auxiliary data associated with at least one filter of the wireless device.

[0165] Aspect 4 is the device according to aspect 3, wherein the at least one filter is one or more of the following: at least one moving target indicator (MTI) filter, at least one radio frequency (RF) filter, or at least one baseband filter, wherein the network entity is a server or a sensing server, and wherein the wireless device is a network node, a user equipment (UE), or a base station.

[0166] Aspect 5 is the device according to aspect 3, wherein the auxiliary data associated with at least one filter of the wireless device is configured to be sent to the wireless device periodically.

[0167] Aspect 6 is the apparatus according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: send a request for the clutter information to the network entity, and wherein, in order to receive the indication of the clutter information, the at least one processor is configured to receive the indication of the clutter information based on the request.

[0168] Aspect 7 is the apparatus according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: perform radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements on the at least one filter of the wireless device; and send an indication of the RF sensing measurements on the at least one filter of the wireless device to the network entity.

[0169] Aspect 8 is the apparatus according to Aspect 7, wherein the indication of the RF sensing measurements on the at least one filter includes at least one of the following: a moving target indicator (MTI) filter information of the at least one filter, an MTI type of the at least one filter, or a frequency response of the at least one filter.

[0170] Aspect 9 is the apparatus according to Aspect 7, wherein the RF sensing measurements on the at least one filter are associated with a Kalman filter, a machine learning (ML) process, or a neural network (NN) process.

[0171] Aspect 10 is the apparatus according to any one of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: send an indication of filter capabilities associated with the at least one filter of the wireless device to the network entity.

[0172] Aspect 11 is the apparatus according to Aspect 10, wherein the indication of the filter capabilities includes at least one type of the at least one filter, or wherein the at least one filter is at least one moving target indicator (MTI) filter, and the indication of the filter capabilities includes at least one type of the at least one MTI filter.

[0173] Aspect 12 is the apparatus according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive an indication of at least one pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of the one or more signals from the network entity.

[0174] Aspect 13 is the apparatus according to aspect 12, wherein at least one PRF of the one or more signals is greater than a maximum frequency of a power spectral density (PSD) of clutter associated with the clutter information, or wherein at least one PRF of the one or more signals is greater than a maximum Doppler frequency associated with usage of radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements for the at least one filter.

[0175] Aspect 14 is the apparatus according to aspect 12, wherein the at least one PRF is at least two PRFs, and wherein each of the at least two PRFs is interleaved.

[0176] Aspect 15 is the apparatus according to aspect 14, wherein each of the at least two PRFs is associated with a corresponding RS resource set in a set of reference signal (RS) resource sets, and wherein each RS resource set in the set of RS resource sets is associated with a different periodicity.

[0177] Aspect 16 is the apparatus according to aspect 14, wherein each of the at least two PRFs is associated with a corresponding aperiodic sensing RS in a set of aperiodic sensing RSs and a corresponding periodic sensing RS in a set of periodic sensing RSs.

[0178] Aspect 17 is the apparatus according to aspect 14, wherein each of the at least two PRFs is associated with a corresponding first aperiodic sensing RS in a first set of aperiodic sensing RSs and a corresponding second aperiodic sensing RS in a second set of aperiodic sensing RSs.

[0179] Aspect 18 is a device for wireless communication at a network entity, the device comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured at least in part based on information stored in the memory to: obtain clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, wherein the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow moving reflections of one or more signals relative to the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor; and transmit an indication of the clutter information from the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor for a wireless device, wherein the clutter information is associated with at least one filter of the wireless device.

[0180] Aspect 19 is the apparatus according to aspect 18, wherein the clutter information comprises at least one of: a power spectral density (PSD) of clutter associated with the clutter information, a classification of the clutter associated with the clutter information, a timestamp of the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor, or a location of the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor.

[0181] Aspect 20 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 18 and 19, wherein the indication of the clutter information is auxiliary data associated with the at least one filter of the wireless device, wherein the at least one filter is one or more of the following: at least one moving target indicator (MTI) filter, at least one radio frequency (RF) filter, or at least one baseband filter, wherein the network entity is a server or a sensing server, wherein the wireless device is a network node, a user equipment (UE), or a base station, and wherein the auxiliary data associated with the at least one filter of the wireless device is configured to be sent to the wireless device periodically.

[0182] Aspect 21 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 18 to 20, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive a request for the clutter information from the wireless device, and wherein, in order to send the indication of the clutter information, the at least one processor is configured to send the indication of the clutter information based on the request.

[0183] Aspect 22 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 18 to 21, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive an indication of radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements for the at least one filter of the wireless device from the wireless device.

[0184] Aspect 23 is the apparatus according to aspect 22, wherein the indication of the RF sensing measurements for the at least one filter includes at least one of the following: moving target indicator (MTI) filter information of the at least one filter, the MTI type of the at least one filter, or the frequency response of the at least one filter, wherein the RF sensing measurements for the at least one filter are associated with a Kalman filter, a machine learning (ML) process, or a neural network (NN) process.

[0185] Aspect 24 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 18 to 23, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive an indication of filter capabilities associated with the at least one filter of the wireless device from the wireless device, wherein the indication of the filter capabilities includes at least one type of the at least one filter, or wherein the at least one filter is at least one moving target indicator (MTI) filter, and the indication of the filter capabilities includes at least one type of the at least one MTI filter.

[0186] Aspect 25 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 18 to 24, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: schedule at least one pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of the one or more signals; and transmit an indication of the at least one PRF of the one or more signals.

[0187] Aspect 26 is the apparatus according to aspect 25, wherein the at least one PRF of the one or more signals is greater than a maximum frequency of a power spectral density (PSD) of clutter associated with the clutter information, or wherein the at least one PRF of the one or more signals is greater than a maximum Doppler frequency associated with usage of radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements for the at least one filter.

[0188] Aspect 27 is the apparatus according to aspect 25, wherein the at least one PRF is at least two PRFs, and wherein each of the at least two PRFs is interleaved.

[0189] Aspect 28 is the apparatus according to aspect 27, wherein each of the at least two PRFs is associated with a corresponding reference signal (RS) resource set in a set of RS resource sets, and wherein each RS resource set in the set of RS resource sets is associated with a different periodicity; wherein each of the at least two PRFs is associated with a corresponding aperiodic sensing reference signal (RS) in a set of aperiodic sensing RSs and a corresponding periodic sensing RS in a set of periodic sensing RSs; or wherein each of the at least two PRFs is associated with a corresponding first aperiodic sensing reference signal (RS) in a first set of aperiodic sensing RSs and a corresponding second aperiodic sensing reference signal (RS) in a second set of aperiodic sensing RSs.

[0190] Aspect 29 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 1 to 28, wherein the apparatus is a wireless communication device, and the apparatus further includes at least one of an antenna or a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor.

[0191] Aspect 30 is a method for wireless communication implementing any one of aspects 1 to 29.

[0192] Aspect 31 is an apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus including components for implementing any one of aspects 1 to 29.

[0193] Aspect 32 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer-executable code, the code causing the at least one processor to implement any one of aspects 1 to 29 when executed by the at least one processor.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device, comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to, at least in part based on first information stored in the memory: receive, from a network entity, an indication of clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, wherein the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor; and configure at least one filter in a set of filters at the wireless device based on the clutter information from the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the clutter information comprises at least one of the following: a power spectral density (PSD) of clutter associated with the clutter information, a classification of the clutter associated with the clutter information, a timestamp of the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor, or a location of the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the indication of the clutter information is auxiliary data associated with the at least one filter of the wireless device.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the at least one filter is one or more of the following: at least one moving target indicator (MTI) filter, at least one radio frequency (RF) filter, or at least one baseband filter, wherein the network entity is a server or a sensing server, and wherein the wireless device is a network node, a user equipment (UE), or a base station.

5. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the auxiliary data associated with the at least one filter of the wireless device is configured to be sent to the wireless device periodically.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: send, to the network entity, a request for the clutter information, and wherein, to receive the indication of the clutter information, the at least one processor is configured to receive the indication of the clutter information based on the request.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: perform radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements on the at least one filter of the wireless device; and send, to the network entity, an indication of the RF sensing measurements on the at least one filter of the wireless device.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the indication of the RF sensing measurements on the at least one filter comprises at least one of the following: moving target indicator (MTI) filter information of the at least one filter, an MTI type of the at least one filter, or a frequency response of the at least one filter.

9. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the RF sensing measurement for the at least one filter is associated with a Kalman filter, a machine learning (ML) process, or a neural network (NN) process.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Send an indication of filter capabilities associated with the at least one filter of the wireless device to the network entity.

11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the indication of the filter capabilities includes at least one type of the at least one filter, or wherein the at least one filter is at least one moving target indicator (MTI) filter, and the indication of the filter capabilities includes at least one type of the at least one MTI filter.

12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Receive an indication of at least one pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of the one or more signals from the network entity.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the at least one PRF of the one or more signals is greater than the maximum frequency of the power spectral density (PSD) of clutter associated with the clutter information, or wherein the at least one PRF of the one or more signals is greater than the maximum Doppler frequency associated with the usage of the RF sensing measurement for the at least one filter.

14. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the at least one PRF is at least two PRFs, and each of the at least two PRFs is interleaved.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein each of the at least two PRFs is associated with a corresponding reference signal (RS) resource set in a set of RS resource sets, and each RS resource set in the set of RS resource sets is associated with a different periodicity.

16. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein each of the at least two PRFs is associated with a corresponding aperiodic sensing reference signal (RS) in a set of aperiodic sensing RSs and a corresponding periodic sensing RS in a set of periodic sensing RSs.

17. The apparatus according to claim 14, the apparatus further includes at least one of an antenna or a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, wherein to receive the indication of the clutter information, the at least one processor is configured to: receive the indication of the clutter information via at least one of the antenna or the transceiver, and each of the at least two PRFs is associated with a corresponding first aperiodic sensing reference signal (RS) in a first set of aperiodic sensing RSs and a corresponding second aperiodic sensing RS in a second set of aperiodic sensing RSs.

18. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprises: a memory; and At least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the memory and being configured to, at least in part based on first information stored in the memory: Obtain clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, wherein the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals relative to the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor; And Transmit, for a wireless device, an indication of the clutter information from the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor, wherein the clutter information is associated with at least one filter of the wireless device.

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the clutter information comprises at least one of the following: a power spectral density (PSD) of clutter associated with the clutter information, a classification of the clutter associated with the clutter information, a timestamp of the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor, or a location of the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor.

20. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the indication of the clutter information is auxiliary data associated with at least one filter of the wireless device, wherein the at least one filter is one or more of the following: at least one moving target indicator (MTI) filter, at least one radio frequency (RF) filter, or at least one baseband filter, wherein the network entity is a server or a sensing server, wherein the wireless device is a network node, a user equipment (UE), or a base station, and wherein the auxiliary data associated with at least one filter of the wireless device is configured to be transmitted to the wireless device periodically.

21. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Receive a request for the clutter information from the wireless device, and wherein, in order to transmit the indication of the clutter information, the at least one processor is configured to transmit the indication of the clutter information based on the request.

22. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Receive an indication of radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements for at least one filter of the wireless device from the wireless device.

23. The apparatus according to claim 22, wherein the indication of the RF sensing measurements for at least one filter comprises at least one of the following: moving target indicator (MTI) filter information of the at least one filter, an MTI type of the at least one filter, or a frequency response of the at least one filter, wherein the RF sensing measurements for at least one filter are associated with a Kalman filter, a machine learning (ML) process, or a neural network (NN) process.

24. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Receiving an indication of filter capabilities associated with the at least one filter of the wireless device from the wireless device, wherein the indication of the filter capabilities includes at least one type of the at least one filter, or wherein the at least one filter is at least one moving target indicator (MTI) filter and the indication of the filter capabilities includes at least one type of the at least one MTI filter.

25. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Schedule at least one pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of the one or more signals; and Transmit an indication of the at least one PRF of the one or more signals.

26. The apparatus according to claim 25, the apparatus further comprising at least one of an antenna or a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, wherein, in order to transmit the indication of the clutter information, the at least one processor is configured to: transmit the indication of the clutter information via at least one of the antenna or the transceiver, and wherein the at least one PRF of the one or more signals is greater than the maximum frequency of the power spectral density (PSD) of the clutter associated with the clutter information, or wherein the at least one PRF of the one or more signals is greater than the maximum Doppler frequency associated with the usage of radio frequency (RF) sensing measurements for the at least one filter.

27. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the at least one PRF is at least two PRFs, and wherein each of the at least two PRFs is interleaved.

28. The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein each of the at least two PRFs is associated with a corresponding reference signal (RS) resource set in a set of RS resource sets, and wherein each RS resource set in the set of RS resource sets is associated with a different periodicity; wherein each of the at least two PRFs is associated with a corresponding aperiodic sensing RS in a set of aperiodic sensing RSs and a corresponding periodic sensing RS in a set of periodic sensing RSs; or wherein each of the at least two PRFs is associated with a corresponding first aperiodic sensing RS in a first set of aperiodic sensing RSs and a corresponding second aperiodic sensing RS in a second set of aperiodic sensing RSs.

29. A method for wireless communication at a wireless device, the method comprising: Receiving an indication of clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor from a network entity, wherein the clutter information is associated with one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of one or more signals with respect to the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor; and Configuring at least one filter in a set of filters at the wireless device based on the clutter information from the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor.

30. A method for wireless communication at a network entity, the method comprising: Obtain clutter information from at least one sensing node or at least one sensor, wherein the clutter information is associated with one or more signals relative to one or more stationary or slow-moving reflections of the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor; And Transmit, for a wireless device, an indication of the clutter information from the at least one sensing node or the at least one sensor, wherein the clutter information is associated with at least one filter of the wireless device.

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