Annual multi-round breeding method for cut rose and application thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of cut rose annual multi-round breeding method, belong to the field of flower breeding technology.The method described in the present application includes the following steps: establishing cut rose germplasm bank, collecting and recording the character information of each variety;According to the breeding target, select high parent and parent;Through intelligent greenhouse environment control system, regulate illumination, temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration;Using water and fertilizer integration circulating irrigation system, control the EC value and pH value of nutrient solution;Cross parent rose, obtain hybrid seed;Seedling and seedling management are carried out to hybrid seed;Screening and identification hybrid offspring, obtain new variety meeting breeding target.The present application realizes annual multi-round hybrid breeding through intelligent environment control and water and fertilizer integration system, significantly shortens breeding cycle, improves hybrid success rate and resource utilization rate, can quickly breed out cut rose new variety with unique flower color, flower type and disease resistance, meets market demand.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of flower breeding technology, specifically relating to a year-round multi-round breeding method for cut roses and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Cut roses, as one of the most important cut flower varieties globally, dominate the flower market with their elegant flower shape, rich colors, and long vase life. With the increasing demand from consumers for diverse flower varieties, the market is increasingly eager for new rose varieties with unique colors (such as rare colors like blue and black), novel flower shapes (such as double and single petals), and different fragrance characteristics. Currently, hybridization breeding is the main method for selecting new cut rose varieties, but traditional methods have significant limitations: they are seasonally restricted, allowing only 1-2 rounds of hybridization per year, and it typically takes 4-6 years or even longer from sowing hybrid seeds to obtaining a new variety with stable genetic traits. Furthermore, seasonal changes in environmental factors make it difficult to stably control plant growth and flowering traits, further reducing breeding efficiency. These limitations severely restrict the speed of new variety development and promotion, making it difficult to meet the market's rapid response to diversified and immediate demands. Therefore, developing a cut rose breeding method that can overcome seasonal limitations and achieve efficient multi-round breeding throughout the year has significant practical significance and application value. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a year-round multi-round breeding method for cut roses and its application. The year-round multi-round breeding method for cut roses described in this invention can overcome seasonal limitations and achieve efficient year-round multi-round breeding of cut roses.

[0004] This invention provides a method for year-round multi-round breeding of cut roses, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Establish a cut rose germplasm resource bank to collect and record phenotypic information of each variety;

[0006] Based on market demand and breeding objectives, parents are selected for pre-hybridization to determine high-compatibility parents;

[0007] The high-affinity parent plants were cultivated, and the light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration during the growth period of the parent plants were regulated by an intelligent greenhouse environmental control system.

[0008] A water and fertilizer integrated circulating irrigation system was used to supply nutrients to the parent plants, and the EC value and pH value of the nutrient solution were controlled.

[0009] Hybrid seeds were obtained by hybridizing cut roses as parent plants;

[0010] Seedling and seedling management of hybrid seeds are carried out to obtain hybrid offspring;

[0011] The hybrid offspring are screened and identified to obtain new varieties that meet the breeding objectives.

[0012] Preferably, the high-affinity parent is a parent with an affinity index ≥ 0.5;

[0013] Hybridization begins when the number of flower-bearing branches of the parent cut rose reaches 15-20 branches / plant.

[0014] Each hybridization operation controls the number of hybrid flower branches to be 1:(2-3) of the total number of flower branches of each parent plant;

[0015] The hybridization operation is performed every 40 to 60 days.

[0016] Preferably, the intensity of the light irradiation ranges from 2000 Lx to 70000 Lx;

[0017] The temperature ranges from 16°C to 30°C.

[0018] The humidity ranges from 60% to 95%.

[0019] The carbon dioxide concentration ranges from 400 ppm to 800 ppm.

[0020] Preferably, the EC value of the nutrient solution in the integrated water and fertilizer circulating irrigation system is controlled between 1.4 mS / cm and 1.6 mS / cm, and the pH value is controlled between 5.0 and 6.0.

[0021] Preferably, the parent plants also undergo pest and disease management during their growth period; the parent plants also undergo pruning during their growth period;

[0022] The pest and disease management includes alternating spraying of different pesticides on the parent plants every week;

[0023] The pesticide includes one or more of the following: silafyl, isopyrazine, and ethyl phenol sulfonate;

[0024] The pest and disease management includes spraying the parent plants with one or more of imidacloprid, acaricide, and chlorpyrifos when pests occur.

[0025] The pruning includes the regular removal of dead, diseased, and weak branches.

[0026] Preferably, the hybrid parent cut rose includes the following steps:

[0027] The pollen of the male parent was collected to artificially pollinate the flowers of the female parent, resulting in the pollinated female parent.

[0028] After pollination, the female parent was isolated by bagging, and the isolated female parent was screened and cultured to obtain the female parent that successfully hybridized;

[0029] Continue to cultivate the successfully hybridized female parent until the hybrid seeds are harvested.

[0030] Preferably, the screening culture is conducted with a light duration of 10-14 hours, a temperature of 18-25°C, and a humidity of 60-70%.

[0031] Preferably, the seedling raising and seedling management includes the conditions shown in ① to ⑧:

[0032] ① Choose a loose, well-aerated, and well-drained substrate for sowing;

[0033] ② Maintain the greenhouse temperature at 22℃~25℃ during the seedling stage;

[0034] ③ Maintain a light intensity of 2000 Lx to 5000 Lx during the seedling stage;

[0035] ④ Maintain humidity at 80%–90% during seedling cultivation;

[0036] ⑤ Maintain a temperature of 20℃~28℃ during the seedling stage;

[0037] ⑥ Maintain a light intensity of 5000 Lx to 10000 Lx during the seedling stage;

[0038] ⑦ Maintain humidity at 65%–80% during the seedling stage;

[0039] ⑧ During the seedling stage, apply fertilizer and water 1-2 times a day using a tidal irrigation method.

[0040] Preferably, the screening and identification of hybrid offspring includes the following steps:

[0041] During the seedling stage, cull seedlings that are growing slowly, have yellowing leaves, or are affected by pests or diseases.

[0042] After the mature plants flower, their traits are screened.

[0043] The traits include flower color, flower shape, number of petals, fragrance, and resistance;

[0044] The selected target plants should be propagated by cuttings for at least three generations.

[0045] This invention also provides the application of the method described in the above technical solution in shortening the breeding cycle of cut roses.

[0046] This invention provides a method for year-round, multi-round breeding of cut roses. The year-round, multi-round breeding method for cut roses described in this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] 1. Shorten the breeding cycle: Through the intelligent greenhouse environment control system, multiple rounds of hybridization breeding can be achieved throughout the year, shortening the breeding cycle of new varieties from 4-6 years in traditional breeding to 15-18 months;

[0048] 2. Improve hybridization success rate: By establishing a germplasm resource bank and conducting artificial hybridization pre-experiments, high-compatibility parental combinations are screened, significantly improving the hybridization success rate;

[0049] 3. Breaking seasonal limitations: By utilizing an intelligent greenhouse environment control system, light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration can be precisely controlled to achieve uninterrupted breeding year-round;

[0050] 4. Improve land and parental resource utilization: Through year-round multi-round breeding, multiple breeding operations can be carried out on the same land area, making full use of parental resources and avoiding resource waste;

[0051] 5. Precise nutrient supply: The integrated water and fertilizer circulation irrigation system is used to precisely control the EC and pH values ​​of the nutrient solution, ensuring a balanced supply of nutrients and promoting healthy plant growth.

[0052] 6. Improve seed germination rate and seedling growth quality: Implement seedling management, and precisely control temperature, light, humidity and fertilizer during the seedling process to improve seed germination rate and seedling growth quality.

[0053] 7. Increase the probability of combining superior traits: During multiple rounds of breeding, the increased opportunities for hybridization increase the chances of gene combination and exchange, enabling the integration of superior traits from different parents (such as disease resistance, cold hardiness, large flowers, and many petals).

[0054] 8. Improve the effectiveness of disease and pest control: Conduct regular inspections, adopt precise control measures, and alternate the use of different pesticides to control diseases and pests, thereby reducing the impact of diseases and pests on breeding.

[0055] 9. Meet the market demand for novel varieties: Through multiple rounds of hybridization breeding, new varieties with unique flower colors (such as blue-purple, black-red), novel flower shapes (such as double petals, single petals) and different fragrances can be quickly bred;

[0056] 10. Improve the economic benefits of breeding: By shortening the breeding cycle, improving resource utilization, and increasing the probability of superior trait combinations, superior varieties can be bred quickly, significantly improving the economic benefits of breeding and providing support for the innovative development of the cut rose industry. Attached Figure Description

[0057] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0058] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the state of the maternal parent after hybridization, provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0059] This invention provides a method for year-round multi-round breeding of cut roses, comprising the following steps:

[0060] Establish a cut rose germplasm resource bank, collect and record phenotypic information of each variety; select parents for pre-hybridization based on market demand and breeding objectives to determine high-compatibility parents; cultivate the high-compatibility parents, and regulate light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration during the growth period of the parents through an intelligent greenhouse environmental control system; supply nutrients to the parents using an integrated water and fertilizer circulating irrigation system, and control the EC and pH values ​​of the nutrient solution; hybridize the parent cut roses to obtain hybrid seeds; manage the hybrid seeds for seedling cultivation and seedling management to obtain hybrid offspring; screen and identify the hybrid offspring to obtain new varieties that meet the breeding objectives.

[0061] This invention first establishes a cut rose germplasm resource bank, collecting and recording the phenotypic information of each variety. Then, based on market demand and breeding objectives, it selects parents for pre-hybridization to determine high-compatibility parents. In a specific embodiment, establishing the cut rose germplasm resource bank can involve collecting abundant domestic and international varietal resources and recording detailed phenotypic information such as flower shape, flower color, number of petals, flower diameter, fragrance intensity, disease resistance, cold resistance, and growth vigor for each variety. In a specific embodiment, the number of abundant domestic and international varietal resources collected is ≥1000. In a specific embodiment, selecting parents based on market demand and breeding objectives can involve selecting parents with unique flower shape, flower color, and fragrance traits, or parents with resistance to powdery mildew and gray mold.

[0062] In a specific embodiment, the pre-hybridization can be a small-batch hybridization between different varieties. In a specific embodiment, the pre-hybridization allows observation of pollen germination on the stigma, pollen tube elongation rate, and fruit set, providing a direct verification of the actual compatibility between parents. In a specific embodiment, the pre-hybridization can identify high-compatibility parents. In a specific embodiment, high-compatibility parents are combinations of parents from which seeds and normally developing offspring are easily obtained, thus improving the success rate of hybridization. In a specific embodiment, high-compatibility parents are those with a compatibility index ≥ 0.5. In a specific embodiment, the compatibility index is the ratio of successfully fertilized flowers to the total number of pollinated flowers. In a specific embodiment, high-compatibility parents should ideally have different genetic backgrounds. In a specific embodiment, different genetic backgrounds can be combinations of varieties from the same breeding company, varieties from different breeding companies, or hybridization with wild rose resources. In a specific embodiment, different genetic backgrounds can broaden the gene pool, thereby obtaining new cut rose varieties with good ornamental traits and stronger adaptability, ensuring the efficient implementation of subsequent large-scale hybridization breeding.

[0063] After identifying the high-compatibility parent, this invention cultivates the high-compatibility parent and regulates the light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration during the parent's growth period using an intelligent greenhouse environmental control system. In a specific embodiment, the light intensity ranges from 2000 Lx to 70000 Lx; the temperature ranges from 16°C to 30°C; the humidity ranges from 60% to 95%; and the carbon dioxide concentration ranges from 400 ppm to 800 ppm. In this specific embodiment, the intelligent greenhouse environmental control system can break the seasonal limitations of natural cut rose growth, ensuring that cut roses are under suitable growth and reproduction conditions throughout the year, while simultaneously meeting the light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide requirements at different stages of the breeding process.

[0064] This invention also employs an integrated water and fertilizer circulating irrigation system to supply nutrients to the parent plants and controls the EC value and pH value of the nutrient solution. In a specific embodiment, the EC value of the nutrient solution in the integrated water and fertilizer circulating irrigation system is controlled between 1.4 mS / cm and 1.6 mS / cm, and the pH value is controlled between 5.0 and 6.0. In a specific embodiment, the pH value can further be 5.5. In a specific embodiment, the nutrient solution includes nutrient solution A and nutrient solution B. Nutrient solution A, based on 1 cubic meter of water as the solvent, includes the following raw materials by weight: 5-15 kg of calcium nitrate, 2-8 kg of potassium nitrate, and 15-25 kg of chelated iron. Nutrient solution B, based on 1 cubic meter of water as the solvent, includes the following raw materials by weight: 35 kg of potassium nitrate, 3-9 kg of ammonium sulfate, 20-30 kg of magnesium sulfate, 20-30 kg of magnesium nitrate, 3-9 kg of potassium sulfate, 20-30 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-3 kg of manganese sulfate, 0.4-0.6 kg of borax, 0.1-0.2 kg of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.2 kg of copper sulfate, and 0.3-0.4 kg of sodium molybdate. In this specific embodiment, the integrated water and fertilizer circulation irrigation system can ensure a uniform supply of nutrients while avoiding waste of nutrient solution and salt accumulation.

[0065] In a specific embodiment, the parent plants also undergo pest and disease management during their growth period. In a specific embodiment, this pest and disease management can be primarily preventative, involving regular inspections of the parent plants. In a specific embodiment, this pest and disease management includes alternating weekly spraying of different pesticides on the parent plants. In a specific embodiment, the pesticide can be a 1000-1500 times dilution. In a specific embodiment, the pesticide includes one or more of fenvalerate, iprodione, and ethoxysulfonate. In a specific embodiment, fenvalerate can prevent downy mildew. In a specific embodiment, iprodione can prevent gray mold. In a specific embodiment, ethoxysulfonate can prevent powdery mildew. In a specific embodiment, pest and disease management includes spraying the parent plants with one or more of imidacloprid, acaricide, and chlorpyrifos when pests occur. In a specific embodiment, the spraying of one or more of imidacloprid, acaricide, and chlorpyrifos continues until the pests are eliminated. In a specific embodiment, the spraying of one or more of imidacloprid, acaricide, and chlorpyrifos includes spraying a 1000-1500 times dilution of one or more of imidacloprid, acaricide, and chlorpyrifos. In a specific embodiment, imidacloprid can control aphids. In a specific embodiment, acaricide can control spider mites. In a specific embodiment, chlorpyrifos can control thrips. In a specific embodiment, the parent plant is also pruned during its growth period. In a specific embodiment, the pruning includes regularly removing dead, diseased, and weak branches. In a specific embodiment, the parent plant can be hybridized after 3-4 prunings. In a specific embodiment, the parent plant also undergoes flowering period regulation during its growth period. In a specific embodiment, the flowering period regulation includes starting hybridization after the number of flower-bearing branches reaches 15-20, controlling the number of hybridized branches to be 1:(2-3) of the total number of new branches each time. In a specific embodiment, the hybridization operation is performed every 40-60 days, and the same parent cut rose can be hybridized 7-8 times a year. In a specific embodiment, the flowering period regulation can produce branches of different ages from the same parent plant, as well as different hybrid individuals with different hybridization progress. This not only ensures the continuous vegetative growth of the same parent plant, but also meets the needs of multiple rounds of hybridization throughout the year.

[0066] This invention relates to hybrid parent cut roses to obtain hybrid seeds. In a specific embodiment, the hybrid parent cut roses include the following steps: collecting pollen from the male parent to artificially pollinate the female parent flowers, obtaining a pollinated female parent; isolating the pollinated female parent by bagging it, and then screening and culturing the isolated female parent to obtain a successfully hybridized female parent; continuing to cultivate the successfully hybridized female parent until the hybrid seeds are harvested. In a specific embodiment, the male parent flowers can be collected before collecting the male parent pollen. In a specific embodiment, the male parent flowers can be collected on a sunny morning. In a specific embodiment, the male parent flowers can be collected at the early stage of opening, before the anthers dehisce. In a specific embodiment, after collecting the male parent flowers, the anthers are removed with tweezers and placed in a clean petri dish, then placed in a pollen desiccator with color-changing silica gel at the bottom. The pollen desiccator is placed in a dry, sunny place to allow it to naturally dehisce and release pollen until the collection of male parent pollen is complete. In a specific embodiment, after collecting the paternal pollen, the collected pollen can be stored in a sealed container and is recommended to be used within 1-2 days. In a specific embodiment, when it is necessary to preserve the paternal pollen for several days to several weeks, the paternal pollen can be stored in the refrigerator (4°C). In a specific embodiment, the storage time shall not exceed one week.

[0067] In a specific embodiment, emasculation of the female parent is performed when the flowers are about to open but the anthers have not yet dehisced. In a specific embodiment, emasculation can be achieved by carefully removing the anthers of the female parent flowers with tweezers, taking care not to damage the pistil. In a specific embodiment, within 1-2 days after emasculation, the stigma of the pistil will secrete a sticky substance; at this time, pollen prepared in advance can be collected with a brush and gently applied to the stigma to complete pollination. In a specific embodiment, the pollinated female parent flowers are marked, and the parental combination and pollination date are recorded. In a specific embodiment, the pollinated female parent flowers are covered with a paper bag containing tracing paper to prevent interference from foreign pollen. In a specific embodiment, the tracing paper bag can be removed 10-15 days after pollination, and the isolated female parents can be screened and cultured to improve the hybridization success rate. In a specific embodiment, the screening culture involves a light duration of 10-14 hours, a temperature of 18℃-25℃, and a humidity of 60%-70%. In a specific embodiment, the fruit development during the selection and cultivation process can be observed. Generally, the fruit begins to swell after 4-6 weeks following pollination. If pollination is unsuccessful, the fruit will not continue to swell, and the failed pollination branches can be pruned to encourage new shoots. In another specific embodiment, the fruit of the successfully pollinated mother plant will gradually change color from green to red and yellow after 3-5 months. Branches with fruit are harvested with scissors and placed in a dry, well-ventilated place to dry. The dried fruit can then be peeled open to obtain hybrid seeds.

[0068] After obtaining the hybrid seeds, this invention manages their seedling cultivation and seedling management to obtain hybrid offspring. In a specific embodiment, the hybrid seeds can be soaked in clean water for 12-24 hours, then rubbed to remove impurities. After washing, the seeds are rinsed again with clean water and placed in a cool, ventilated place to dry. In another specific embodiment, to improve the germination rate, the hybrid seeds can be stratified. Afterward, the seeds are mixed with a moist medium (such as peat moss, sphagnum moss, or sand) and placed in a resealable bag at 4-6°C for 6-8 weeks. In a specific embodiment, the seedling raising and management includes the conditions shown in ① to ⑧: ① Selecting a loose, well-aerated, and well-drained substrate for sowing; ② Maintaining a greenhouse temperature of 22℃ to 25℃ during the seedling raising period; ③ Maintaining a light intensity of 2000Lx to 5000Lx during the seedling raising period; ④ Maintaining a humidity of 80% to 90% during the seedling raising period; ⑤ Maintaining a temperature of 20℃ to 28℃ during the seedling raising period; ⑥ Maintaining a light intensity of 5000Lx to 10000Lx during the seedling raising period; ⑦ Maintaining a humidity of 65% to 80% during the seedling raising period; and ⑧ Irrigating the seedlings with fertilizer 1 to 2 times daily using a tidal irrigation method. In a specific embodiment, the loose, well-aerated, and well-drained substrate includes peat moss, perlite, or coconut coir. In a specific embodiment, 50-cell seed trays are filled with the substrate, and the treated hybrid seeds are evenly sown in the seed trays and placed in a greenhouse for the seedling raising period. In a specific embodiment, seeds begin to germinate 5-8 days after entering the seedling stage. When seedlings have 4-6 true leaves 15-20 days after germination, the seedling trays are transferred to a hardening-off greenhouse to enter the seedling stage. In this embodiment, after entering the seedling stage, the substrate moisture consumption is checked, and fertilization is carried out 1-2 times daily using a tidal irrigation method. During irrigation, the fertilizer solution submerges the seedbed to a depth of 2-3 cm, each time for 5-10 minutes, and pest and disease control is performed according to conventional methods.

[0069] After obtaining hybrid offspring, this invention screens and identifies them to obtain new varieties that meet the breeding objectives. In a specific embodiment, the hybrid offspring to be screened and identified can be those transplanted to planting strips after 30-40 days of hardening offspring. In a specific embodiment, the screening and identification of hybrid offspring includes the following steps: culling seedlings that are growing slowly, have yellowing leaves, or are affected by pests or diseases during the seedling stage; screening the traits of mature plants after they flower; the traits include flower color, flower shape, number of petals, fragrance, and resistance; and propagating the selected target plants by cuttings for at least three generations. In a specific embodiment, the purpose of propagating by cuttings for at least three generations is to evaluate the consistency, stability, and novelty of the offspring according to the requirements for new variety evaluation.

[0070] This invention also provides the application of the method described in the above technical solution in shortening the breeding cycle of cut roses. In traditional cut rose hybridization breeding methods, the hybridization process depends on natural seasonal changes, making it difficult to stably control environmental conditions. Furthermore, parent selection relies on experience, lacking precise parent selection methods, making compatibility difficult to predict and guarantee. The nutrient solution supply method may also lead to uneven nutrition, waste, and salt accumulation. More importantly, traditional cut rose hybridization breeding lacks scientific and reasonable pruning and flowering period control methods, making it difficult to meet the needs of multiple hybridization rounds throughout the year. As a result, traditional cut rose hybridization breeding methods can only carry out 1-2 rounds of hybridization per year, with the entire breeding cycle lasting 4-6 years. In a specific embodiment, the year-round multi-round breeding method for cut roses described in this invention breaks through seasonal limitations through an intelligent greenhouse environmental control system, providing suitable growth and propagation conditions throughout the year. It establishes a germplasm resource bank, conducts preliminary artificial hybridization experiments, and selects parental combinations with a compatibility index higher than 0.5, significantly improving the hybridization success rate and increasing the probability of superior trait combinations. Furthermore, the integrated water and fertilizer circulation irrigation system ensures balanced and precise nutrient control. More importantly, this invention performs meticulous pruning and flowering period regulation on the hybrid parents, allowing branches of different ages to be hybridized every 40-60 days. The same rose bush can undergo 7-8 hybridizations per year, resulting in different hybrid individuals with varying hybridization progress on the same plant, meeting the needs of year-round multi-round hybridization. Finally, combined with the pest and disease control methods and seed and seedling management of this invention, the continuity of hybridization breeding is further ensured, shortening the breeding cycle to 15-18 months. In specific embodiments, the method increases the hybridization opportunities for cut roses, allowing for more gene combinations and exchanges, and enabling a broader integration of superior traits from different parents. These traits include one or more of the following: good disease resistance, strong cold hardiness, large flowers, and numerous petals. In specific embodiments, the method allows for multiple rounds of breeding operations on the same land area, enabling crossbreeding of cut roses year-round, thus improving land use efficiency. In specific embodiments, the method fully utilizes parental resources; rare or difficult-to-propagate parental materials with unique flower shapes and fragrances can play a greater role in multiple rounds of hybridization, avoiding resource waste.

[0071] To further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, provides a method for year-round multi-round breeding of cut roses and its application, but these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0072] Table 1 shows a comparison between existing cut rose hybridization breeding methods and the year-round multi-round breeding method for cut roses described in this invention.

[0073] Table 1. Comparison of existing technical methods with the year-round multi-round breeding method for cut roses of the present invention.

[0074]

[0075] As shown in Table 1, in terms of breeding cycle, this invention significantly shortens the breeding cycle compared to existing technologies, accelerating the introduction of new varieties; in terms of environmental control, this invention breaks seasonal limitations, providing suitable growth and reproduction conditions year-round; in terms of parental selection, this invention improves the hybridization success rate and increases the probability of superior trait combinations compared to existing technologies; in terms of hybridization efficiency, this invention improves hybridization efficiency and increases the opportunities for gene combination and exchange compared to existing technologies; in terms of nutrient supply, this invention ensures balanced and precise nutrient control compared to existing technologies; in terms of pruning and flowering period regulation, the parental branches described in this invention have branches of different ages, which can meet the needs of multiple rounds of hybridization throughout the year; in terms of seed treatment and seedling cultivation, this invention improves seed germination rate and seedling growth speed compared to existing technologies; in terms of land utilization, this invention improves the utilization rate of land and parental resources compared to existing technologies; and in terms of pest and disease control, this invention reduces the impact of pests and diseases on breeding and improves the breeding success rate compared to existing technologies.

[0076] Example 1

[0077] 1. Parental selection and hybridization.

[0078] Parental selection: The cut rose variety 'Norma Jenny', possessing the target trait of strong fragrance, was selected from the germplasm resource bank as the female parent, and the cut rose variety 'Explorer', possessing resistance to powdery mildew, was selected as the male parent. Artificial hybridization pre-experiments verified that the compatibility index between the two was 0.6, confirming them as a high-compatibility parent pair.

[0079] 2. Precise management of parental offspring.

[0080] The parent plants were grown in an intelligent greenhouse with settings including 12 hours of light, 50,000 Lx light intensity, 22°C temperature, 70% humidity, and 600 ppm carbon dioxide concentration. A fertigation system was used, with a nutrient solution EC value of 1.5 mS / cm and a pH of 5.5. Regular pruning was performed, and when 18 flower stalks were collected, half of the stalks were selected for hybridization. Diseases were controlled weekly by alternating sprays of a 1200-fold dilution of a fungicide, iprodione, and ethoxysulfonate; no pests were observed.

[0081] 3. High-efficiency hybridization breeding technology.

[0082] Pairing was performed using the selected parents 'Norma Jenny' and 'Explorer'. Pollen from 'Explorer' was collected on a sunny morning, dried, and stored. 'Norma Jenny' flowers were emasculated when they were about to open but before the anthers dehisced. One day later, 'Explorer' pollen was collected using a brush for pollination. After pollination, the flowers were covered with a sulfuric acid paper bag, which was removed after 12 days. The greenhouse was maintained with 12 hours of light, a temperature of 20°C, and 65% humidity. The fruit began to swell after 4 weeks, and changed color after 4 months. The fruit and branches were harvested and dried. The hybridized female parent was as follows... Figure 1 As shown.

[0083] 4. Seed raising and seedling management.

[0084] Remove the seeds, soak them for 18 hours, rub and wash them, then air dry them. Mix them with moist peat moss and refrigerate for 7 weeks. Use a mixture of peat moss and perlite as the substrate and sow them in 50-mesh seed trays. In a greenhouse with a temperature of 23℃, light intensity of 3000 Lx, and humidity of 85%, the seeds germinate in 7 days. After 18 days, when the seedlings have 5 true leaves, transfer them to a hardening-off greenhouse with a temperature of 25℃, light intensity of 8000 Lx, and humidity of 70%, and irrigate twice daily using a tidal irrigation method. Transplant the seedlings after 35 days of hardening-off.

[0085] 5. Offspring screening and identification techniques.

[0086] Slow-growing seedlings were discarded during the seedling stage. After mature plants flowered, fragrant plants resistant to powdery mildew were selected. Superior plants were propagated by cuttings for three generations, and those meeting the requirements for new varieties were evaluated. Finally, a new cut rose variety with fragrance and resistance to powdery mildew was obtained. The entire process from hybridization to variety determination took 16 months.

[0087] Example 2

[0088] Parental selection: The female parent was selected from the germplasm bank as 'DEBD-3', a cut rose variety with a light fragrance and cup-shaped flowers, and the male parent was selected as 'Julietta', a cut rose variety with pink flowers and an Austin-like flower shape. Artificial hybridization pre-experiments verified that the compatibility index between the two was 0.7, confirming them as a highly compatible parent pair.

[0089] During this period, the steps of precise parental management, efficient hybridization breeding technology, and seed and seedling management are the same as in Example 1.

[0090] Slow-growing seedlings were discarded during the seedling stage. After mature plants flowered, those with fragrance and an Austin-shaped flower were selected. Superior plants were propagated by cuttings for three generations, and those meeting the requirements for new varieties were evaluated. Finally, a new cut rose variety with fragrance and an Austin-shaped flower was obtained. The entire process from hybridization to variety determination took 16 months.

[0091] Example 3

[0092] Parental selection: The female parent was selected from the germplasm resource bank; the female parent was 'Sea Anemone', a cut rose variety with pink flowers and serrated petals. The male parent was 'Sophie Baby', a cut rose variety with purple flowers and a cup-shaped flower. Artificial hybridization pre-experiments verified that the compatibility index between the two was 0.5, confirming them as a highly compatible parent pair.

[0093] During this period, the steps of precise parental management, efficient hybridization breeding technology, and seed and seedling management are the same as in Example 1.

[0094] Slow-growing seedlings were discarded during the seedling stage. After mature plants flowered, plants with purple petals and serrated edges were selected. Superior plants were propagated by cuttings for three generations, and those that met the requirements for new varieties were evaluated. Finally, a new cut rose variety with purple petals and serrated edges was obtained. The entire process from hybridization to variety determination took 17 months.

[0095] Comparative Example 1

[0096] 1. Parental selection: Two cut rose varieties, 'Pink Snow Mountain' and 'Monthly Pink', were randomly selected for hybridization. No compatibility test was conducted.

[0097] 2. Environmental management: When planted in open fields, hybridization can only be carried out in spring due to seasonal factors.

[0098] 3. Nutrient supply: Compound fertilizer is used, and irrigation is carried out by drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation or manual irrigation. The nutrient solution formula is not scientific.

[0099] 4. Hybridization procedure: After the female parent flowers open, remove the male flowers for pollination and then isolate them by bagging.

[0100] 5. Seed treatment and seedling raising: The seeds were sown directly after maturity and harvesting, and environmental conditions were not controlled during the seedling raising process.

[0101] 6. Offspring selection: Simple selection was performed based solely on flower appearance. The result was a low hybridization success rate, a small number of seeds obtained, poor plant growth, and unstable traits in the offspring. It took four years from hybridization to selecting relatively good plants, and an ideal variety combining specific flower color and disease resistance was not obtained.

[0102] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for year-round, multi-round breeding of cut roses, comprising the following steps: Establish a cut rose germplasm resource bank to collect and record phenotypic information of each variety; Based on market demand and breeding objectives, parents are selected for pre-hybridization to determine high-compatibility parents; The high-affinity parent plants were cultivated, and the light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration during the growth period of the parent plants were regulated by an intelligent greenhouse environmental control system. A water and fertilizer integrated circulating irrigation system was used to supply nutrients to the parent plants, and the EC value and pH value of the nutrient solution were controlled. Hybrid seeds were obtained by hybridizing cut roses as parent plants; Hybridization begins when the number of flower-bearing branches of the parent cut rose reaches 15-20 branches / plant. Each hybridization operation should control the number of hybrid flower branches to be 1:(2~3) of the total number of flower branches of each parent plant. The hybridization operation is performed every 40 to 60 days. Seedling and seedling management of hybrid seeds are carried out to obtain hybrid offspring; The hybrid offspring are screened and identified to obtain new varieties that meet the breeding objectives; The intensity of the light includes 50,000 Lx to 70,000 Lx; The temperature ranges from 16°C to 30°C. The humidity ranges from 60% to 95%. The carbon dioxide concentration ranges from 400 ppm to 800 ppm.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-affinity parent is a parent with an affinity index ≥ 0.

5.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nutrient solution EC value of the integrated water and fertilizer circulation irrigation system is controlled between 1.4 mS / cm and 1.6 mS / cm, and the pH value is controlled between 5.0 and 6.

0.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parent plants also underwent pest and disease management during their growth period; the parent plants also underwent pruning during their growth period; The pest and disease management includes alternating spraying of different pesticides on the parent plants every week; The pesticide includes one or more of the following: silafyl, isopyrazine, and ethyl phenol sulfonate; The pest and disease management includes spraying the parent plants with one or more of imidacloprid, acaricide, and chlorpyrifos when pests occur. The pruning includes the regular removal of dead, diseased, and weak branches.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hybrid parent cut rose includes the following steps: The pollen of the male parent was collected to artificially pollinate the flowers of the female parent, resulting in the pollinated female parent. After pollination, the female parent was isolated by bagging, and the isolated female parent was screened and cultured to obtain the female parent that successfully hybridized; Continue to cultivate the successfully hybridized female parent until the hybrid seeds are harvested.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The screening culture was conducted under light for 10-14 hours, at a temperature of 18-25°C, and with a humidity of 60-70%.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seedling raising and seedling management include the conditions shown in ① to ⑧: ① Choose a loose, well-aerated, and well-drained substrate for sowing; ② Maintain the greenhouse temperature at 22℃~25℃ during the seedling stage; ③ Maintain a light intensity of 2000 Lx to 5000 Lx during the seedling stage; ④ Maintain humidity at 80%~90% during seedling cultivation; ⑤ Maintain a temperature of 20℃~28℃ during the seedling stage; ⑥ Maintain a light intensity of 5000 Lx to 10000 Lx during the seedling stage; ⑦ Maintain humidity at 65%~80% during the seedling stage; ⑧ During the seedling stage, irrigate with fertilizer 1-2 times a day using a tidal irrigation method.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The screening and identification of hybrid offspring includes the following steps: During the seedling stage, cull seedlings that are growing slowly, have yellowing leaves, or are affected by pests or diseases. After the mature plants flower, their traits are screened. The traits include flower color, flower shape, number of petals, fragrance, and resistance; The selected target plants should be propagated by cuttings for at least three generations.

9. The application of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in shortening the breeding cycle of cut roses.

Images