Simulation demonstration model for orthopedics department

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medical models, in particular to a simulation demonstration model for the orthopedics department. The leg bone model comprises a leg bone model, the leg bone model comprises a sole, the sole is movably connected with a shank, the top of the shank is movably connected with a thigh, and joints are arranged among the sole, the shank and the thigh to facilitate movement; a supporting device is placed at the bottom of the sole and comprises a bottom plate, the bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the sole, an upright assembly is arranged on the side, close to the heel, of the top of the bottom plate, and a positioning assembly is arranged on the side, close to the inner side of the foot, of the top of the bottom plate; a fixing piece is arranged between the top of the thigh and the upright assembly, a plurality of holes are formed in the shank and the thigh, and a plurality of stabilizing assemblies are arranged between the multiple holes of the shank and the thigh and the legs of the demonstrator. The stabilizing assembly is used for assisting the shanks and the thighs to be matched and positioned with the leg structure of the demonstrator, and when the demonstrator moves the legs, joints among the soles, the shanks and the thighs are driven to move.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical models, and more specifically, to an orthopedic simulation demonstration model. Background Art

[0002] An orthopedic simulation demonstration model is a teaching, training, and popular science tool specifically used in the orthopedic field. It is made by imitating the structures of human bones, muscles, ligaments, and external fixation devices, presenting a realistic bone form with high-quality materials, and being equipped with soft tissue simulation components with appropriate elasticity. The joints can be flexibly adjusted to simulate various fractures and lesions, and it also has the function of simulating surgical operations. Whether it is to help students understand orthopedic knowledge in the classrooms of medical colleges, provide medical staff with practice opportunities for operating skills, or popularize relevant common sense to the public in popular science activities, it plays an extremely important role and enables people to more intuitively and vividly master orthopedic-related content.

[0003] Existing orthopedic simulation demonstration models usually consist of bone components, soft tissue simulation components, and external fixation device simulants, etc. The bone components are mostly made of plastics, resins, etc. according to the proportional shape of the human bones, and certain connections and movements can be achieved at the joints; the soft tissue simulation components commonly use rubber and silicone materials to simulate muscles and ligaments and attach them to the corresponding positions on the bones, but there are differences in texture from real tissues; the external fixation device simulants include plaster, splints, simulants of various internal fixation devices, etc., which can be fixed to the bone parts as needed for display applications. Although the overall model structure can perform some basic demonstrations, there is still room for improvement in terms of simulation degree and functional comprehensiveness.

[0004] Existing orthopedic simulation demonstration models have significant limitations in dynamically demonstrating following human movements. Their structures are mostly independent ornaments or split components, lacking an adaptable wearing design for human limbs and being inconvenient to directly fix on the teacher's body to synchronously present movements. For example, when a teacher needs to demonstrate a knee-bending movement, the knee joint of the model needs to be manually bent, and the mechanical connections (such as axles, spring buckles) between the bones and joints of the model can only achieve single-axis flexion and extension, and lack a multi-degree-of-freedom linkage structure that matches the human movement trajectory. As a result, key anatomical dynamics such as the relative movement between the femur and tibia and the sliding trajectory of the patella when the model bends the knee cannot be synchronized with the teacher's own movements, making it difficult to meet the real-time, dynamic, and three-dimensional teaching demonstration requirements and inconvenient to intuitively present the cooperative relationship and biomechanical changes of bones in the human movement chain. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides an orthopedic simulation demonstration model. By providing a support device including a bottom plate, an upright component, and a positioning component at the bottom of the sole of the leg bone model, the positioning component is used to fix the foot of the demonstrator, the top of the thigh is connected to the upright component through a fixing member, and multiple holes and a stabilizing component inside the calf and the thigh assist in positioning the model to match the leg structure of the demonstrator, enabling the joints between the sole, calf, and thigh to move synchronously when the demonstrator moves the leg, thus solving the problems raised in the above background technology, that is:

[0006] Existing orthopedic simulation demonstration models lack an adaptable wearing design for the human body limbs, are inconvenient to be fixed to the demonstrator's body, and it is difficult to synchronously display the dynamic performance of bones under actions such as knee bending following the demonstrator's movements.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the orthopedic simulation demonstration model includes a leg bone model. The leg bone model includes a sole, the sole is movably connected to a calf, the top of the calf is movably connected to a thigh, and joints are provided between the sole, the calf, and the thigh for easy movement;

[0008] A support device is placed at the bottom of the sole. The support device includes a bottom plate, the bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the sole, an upright component is provided on one side of the top of the bottom plate close to the heel, and a positioning component is provided on one side of the top of the bottom plate close to the medial side of the foot. The positioning component is used to fix the foot of the demonstrator;

[0009] A fixing member is provided between the top of the thigh and the upright component, multiple holes are provided inside the calf and the thigh, and multiple stabilizing components are provided between the multiple holes inside the calf and the thigh and the leg of the demonstrator;

[0010] The stabilizing component is used to assist in positioning the calf and the thigh to match the leg structure of the demonstrator. When the demonstrator moves the leg, it drives the joints between the sole, the calf, and the thigh to move.

[0011] In the above technical solution, the upright component includes a sphere, the sphere is movably clamped inside the bottom plate, the outer wall of the sphere is symmetrically and fixedly connected with a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is movably connected inside the bottom plate, and a telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sphere between the two rotating shafts. A fixing member is provided between the telescopic rod and the thigh.

[0012] On this basis, the fixing member includes a support rod, the support rod is movably communicated inside the thigh near the top, one end of the support rod is provided with a round plate, the telescopic rod passes through the inside of the round plate, a nut is provided on the outer wall of the telescopic rod passing out of the round plate, and a nut is provided on the outer wall of the support rod near the outer wall of the thigh.

[0013] In another technical solution, a chute is provided inside the bottom plate. Soft pads are provided on both sides of the top of the bottom plate at the positions of the chute. A positioning component is provided inside the chute of the bottom plate.

[0014] The positioning component includes a length clamp. The length clamp is movably connected inside the bottom plate. Width clamps are provided at both ends of the top of the length clamp near the two ends.

[0015] In this technical solution, the length clamp includes two sliders. The sliders are slidably connected inside the chute of the bottom plate. A long elastic member is fixedly connected between the two sliders. The width clamp is fixedly connected to the top of the slider.

[0016] The width clamp includes an inner arc plate. The inner arc plate is fixedly connected to the top of the slider. Outer arc plates are provided on both outer walls of the inner arc plate. A short elastic member is fixedly connected between the two outer arc plates. The short elastic member is movably communicated inside the inner arc plate.

[0017] In another technical solution, the stabilizing component includes a supporting member. A plurality of the supporting members are movably communicated between a plurality of holes in the calf and the thigh. A contraction member is provided at one end of one side of the supporting member. The contraction member is movably connected to the leg of the demonstrator.

[0018] In this technical solution, the supporting member includes a long rod. The long rod is movably communicated between a plurality of holes in the calf and the thigh. A rotating bead is provided near one end inside the long rod. A suction cup is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating bead. The suction cup supports on the outer wall of the leg of the demonstrator. A contraction member is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the long rod near one side. A nut is provided on the outer wall of the long rod near the other outer wall.

[0019] The contraction member includes a support plate. The support plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the long rod near one side. One end of the support plate is fixedly connected to an elastic band. The other end of the elastic band is movably connected to the outer wall of the other end of the support plate.

[0020] This technical solution, by setting a support device including a base plate, an upright component and a positioning component at the bottom of the sole of the leg bone model, and setting a stabilizing component inside the calf and thigh, enables the demonstrator to wear the model on the leg and drive it to move synchronously. Specifically, the positioning component can fix the demonstrator's foot, and the upright component is connected to the fixing part at the top of the thigh through a sphere, a rotating shaft and a telescopic rod to achieve support and flexible adjustment of the model's upright state. The supporting parts, suction cups and elastic bands of the stabilizing component can assist the model in matching and positioning with the demonstrator's leg structure; in addition, the upright component The sphere and pivot structure of the component allow it to remain upright when worn, and can be retracted into the base plate after wearing without affecting the action display. The slider of the length clamp in the positioning component cooperates with the long elastic component, and the inner arc plate of the width clamp cooperates with the short elastic component to adapt to feet of different sizes. It can slide flexibly in the base plate slide groove and provide elastic clamping force, thereby ensuring the stability and comfort of foot fixation, and making the model fit closely with the demonstrator's legs through the stabilizing component, avoiding the problem that the existing model lacks adaptive wearable design and cannot synchronously display the dynamic performance of bones with human body movements.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. In an orthopedic simulation demonstration model, the feet of the demonstrator are elastically clamped and fixed by the positioning components (length clamp and width clamp), and the connection between the upright components (sphere, shaft, telescopic rod) and the top thigh fixing components (support rod, round plate, nut), and the stabilizing components (support components, suction cups, elastic bands) are used to fit the demonstrator's legs in the holes of the calf and thigh, so that the movable joints of the soles of the feet, calves, and thighs form a rigid-elastic linkage whole with the human limbs;

[0023] When the demonstrator performs movements such as bending the knees and raising the legs, the model joints can move synchronously with the human body's motion trajectory, realistically reproducing the biomechanical process of hip-knee-ankle linkage (such as the rolling and sliding of the femoral condyle on the tibial platform, and the dynamic trajectory of the patella), solving the problems of movement asynchrony and anatomical dynamic distortion caused by existing models that rely on manual bending of joints.

[0024] 2. In an orthopedic simulation demonstration model, the sphere-shaft structure of the upright component allows the telescopic rod to rotate flexibly in three dimensions. The model is fixed in an upright position by a nut when worn. After wearing, it can be retracted into the inside of the base plate to avoid obstruction to the action display. At the same time, the slider (length clamp) and the inner arc plate (width clamp) of the positioning component slide adaptively in the base plate groove through long elastic parts and short elastic parts, closely fitting feet of different sizes and providing elastic clamping force, which not only ensures the stability of the model when worn, but also improves the flexibility of joint movement during operation, solving the problems of existing models being bulky to wear, loosely fixed or poorly comfortable.

[0025] 3. In an orthopedic simulation demonstration model, the outer wall of the demonstrator's leg is supported by the suction cups of the stabilizing component, and the model and the limb are elastically connected by elastic bands, enabling the calf and thigh models to transmit the contact force during human muscle exertion in real time (such as the contraction of the quadriceps femoris pulling the patella upward). Combining the design of multi-degree-of-freedom movable joints between the sole, calf, and thigh (supporting movements such as flexion and extension, and minor rotation), it accurately demonstrates the anatomical relationship of muscle-bone coordinated movement and the dynamic changes in joint surface contact and ligament tension (such as the stretching state of the medial collateral ligament of the knee joint during a deep squat), enhancing the mechanical feedback and anatomical authenticity of bone movement, and making up for the deficiencies of existing models where the soft tissue and bone movements are disconnected and the joint functions are single. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is a front view structural schematic diagram of the leg bone of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 is a side view structural schematic diagram of the leg bone of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the support device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the length clamp of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the width clamp of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the fixing member of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the upright component of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 is a structural schematic diagram of the stabilizing component of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 10 is a structural schematic diagram of the contraction member of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 11 is a structural schematic diagram of the supporting member of the present invention.

[0037] The meanings of the various reference numerals in the figure are as follows:

[0038] 1. Leg bone model; 11. Sole; 12. Calf; 13. Thigh;

[0039] 131. Fixing member; 1311. Support rod; 1312. Round plate;

[0040] 2. Support device; 21. Base plate;

[0041] 22. Upright component; 221. Sphere; 222. Rotating shaft; 223. Telescopic rod;

[0042] 23. Positioning component; 231. Length clamp; 2311. Slide block; 2312. Long elastic member; 232. Width clamp; 2321. Inner arc plate; 2322. Outer arc plate; 2323. Short elastic member;

[0043] 3. Stabilizing component; 31. Supporting member; 311. Long rod; 312. Rotating bead; 313. Suction cup; 32. Contracting member; 321. Support plate; 322. Elastic band. Detailed implementation mode

[0044] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0045] Currently, for the existing orthopedic simulation demonstration models, there is a lack of an adaptation and wearing design for the human limbs, which is not convenient to be fixed on the demonstrator's body and it is difficult to synchronously display the dynamic performance of bones under actions such as knee bending along with the demonstrator's actions. The present invention provides an orthopedic simulation demonstration model. See Figures 1 - 11 As shown, it includes a leg bone model 1. The leg bone model 1 includes a foot sole 11. The foot sole 11 is movably connected to a calf 12. The top of the calf 12 is movably connected to a thigh 13. Joints are provided between the foot sole 11, the calf 12 and the thigh 13 for convenient movement;

[0046] A support device 2 is placed at the bottom of the foot sole 11. The support device 2 includes a base plate 21. The base plate 21 is arranged at the bottom of the foot sole 11. An upright component 22 is provided on one side of the top of the base plate 21 close to the heel. A positioning component 23 is provided on the surface of the top of the base plate 21 close to the medial side of the foot. The positioning component 23 is used to fix the demonstrator's foot;

[0047] A fixing member 131 is provided between the top of the thigh 13 and the upright component 22. A plurality of holes are provided inside the calf 12 and the thigh 13. A plurality of stabilizing components 3 are provided between the plurality of holes inside the calf 12 and the thigh 13 and the demonstrator's leg;

[0048] The stabilizing component 3 is used to assist in positioning the calf 12 and the thigh 13 to match the leg structure of the demonstrator. When the demonstrator moves the leg, the joints between the foot sole 11, the calf 12 and the thigh 13 are driven to move.

[0049] During implementation, seeFigure 3 As shown, the upright component 22 includes a sphere 221. The sphere 221 is movably clamped inside the bottom plate 21. Symmetrically fixed to the outer wall of the sphere 221 are rotating shafts 222, and the rotating shafts 222 are movably connected inside the bottom plate 21. Fixed to the outer wall of the sphere 221 between the two rotating shafts 222 is a telescopic rod 223. A fixing member 131 is provided between the telescopic rod 223 and the thigh 13.

[0050] Among them, referring to Figure 7 As shown, the fixing member 131 includes a support rod 1311. The support rod 1311 is movably communicated inside the thigh 13 near the top. One end of the support rod 1311 is provided with a circular plate 1312. The telescopic rod 223 passes through the inside of the circular plate 1312. A nut is provided on the outer wall of the telescopic rod 223 where it exits the circular plate 1312, and a nut is provided on the outer wall of the support rod 1311 near the outer wall of the thigh 13.

[0051] The demonstrator places the foot on the bottom plate 21. After being fixed by the positioning component 23, the sphere 221 of the upright component 22 realizes three-dimensional free rotation (can rotate around the horizontal axis and the vertical axis) relying on the rotating shaft 222 inside the bottom plate 21, enabling the telescopic rod 223 to flexibly adjust the direction and align with the fixing member 131 at the top of the thigh 13. At this time, the telescopic rod 223 is in the initial extended state. Its end passes through the circular plate 1312 of the fixing member 131 and forms a preliminary docking with the support rod 1311 inside the thigh 13, providing a basic upright support for the model, avoiding tipping due to the weight of the model during wearing, and ensuring that the demonstrator can complete the subsequent adjustment operations with one hand.

[0052] The rotational characteristics of the sphere 221 allow the telescopic rod 223 to adapt to the leg postures of different demonstrators (such as internal rotation, external rotation, or inclination). By changing the orientation of the sphere 221, the connection angle between the telescopic rod 223 and the thigh 13 is adjusted to fit the actual thigh 13 orientation of the demonstrator. At the same time, the telescopic rod 223 itself can axially expand and contract (such as adjusting the length through an internal threaded structure) to adapt to demonstrators of different heights or leg lengths, ensuring that the top of the leg bone model 1 is aligned with the root position of the human thigh 13. During this process, the support rod 1311 can slide slightly in the hole inside the thigh 13, and cooperate with the rotation of the sphere 221 to achieve multi-angle fine adjustment, making the model joint axis coincide as much as possible with the anatomical axis of the human joint (such as the hip joint), laying a structural foundation for subsequent action synchronization.

[0053] After the relative position of the telescopic rod 223 and the thigh 13 is adjusted, rigid locking is achieved through a double-nut structure. First, tighten the nut on the outer wall of the telescopic rod 223 outside the circular plate 1312 to fix the telescopic rod 223 to the circular plate 1312 and prevent its axial sliding. Second, tighten another nut at the position where the support rod 1311 passes through the outer wall of the thigh 13 to fix the support rod 1311 to the thigh 13, so that the sphere 221, the telescopic rod 223, the support rod 1311 and the thigh 13 form a rigid connection. After locking, the upright component 22 and the fixing member 131 form an "adjustable rigid support column" to provide a stable upright foundation for the model. When the model needs to be disassembled, loosen the nut in the reverse direction, and the telescopic rod 223 can be retracted into the bottom plate 21 along with the sphere 221 to prevent the components from being exposed and affecting the activities.

[0054] Among them, the working principle of the telescopic rod 223 is similar to the multi-stage sleeve sliding locking structure of an umbrella handle rod as known to those skilled in the art: it adopts a nested multi-stage tubular structure inside, consisting of an inner rod and an outer tube. The inner rod can axially slide inside the outer tube, and several groups of elastic buckles (or limiting bumps) are arranged on the side wall of the outer tube. Equally spaced positioning holes (or grooves) are opened on the surface of the inner rod along the length direction. When the length needs to be adjusted, press the unlocking button (or sliding lock) on the outer tube to separate the elastic buckle from the positioning hole of the inner rod, and then the telescopic rod 223 can be freely stretched or shortened to the required length (such as adapting to the leg lengths of different demonstrators or the height at the root of the thigh 13). After the adjustment is completed, release the button, and the elastic buckle will snap back into the corresponding positioning hole to achieve rigid locking, ensuring that the telescopic rod 223 will not slide by itself due to external forces (such as the pulling during leg movement) during the demonstration process. This structure combines the convenience of adjustment and the stability of locking, can quickly adapt to demonstrators of different heights, accurately align the top of the leg bone model 1 with the root of the human thigh 13, and maintain the connection stiffness during actions such as knee bending, ensuring that the human movement trajectory is synchronously transmitted to the leg bone model joint through the telescopic rod 223.

[0055] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, a chute is provided inside the bottom plate 21, soft pads are provided on both sides of the top of the bottom plate 21 at the chute, and a positioning component 23 is provided inside the chute of the bottom plate 21.

[0056] The positioning component 23 includes a length clip 231, and the length clip 231 is movably connected inside the bottom plate 21. Width clips 232 are provided at both ends of the top of the length clip 231.

[0057] The positioning component 23 realizes the adaptive elastic fixation of the demonstrator's foot through the coordinated cooperation of the sliding groove on the bottom plate 21, the length clamp 231 and the width clamp 232. The demonstrator places the foot on the top of the bottom plate 21. The soft pads on both sides of the sliding groove first provide comfortable contact support. Its material has anti-slip characteristics, which can initially fix the position of the foot and reduce the fatigue caused by long-term wearing. The soft pads are flush with the edge of the sliding groove, forming a flat supporting surface to ensure uniform force on the foot and lay a foundation for the precise adjustment of the subsequent positioning component 23.

[0058] In addition, referring to Figure 5 As shown, the length clamp 231 includes two sliders 2311. The sliders 2311 are slidably connected inside the sliding groove of the bottom plate 21. A long elastic member 2312 is fixedly connected between the two sliders 2311. The width clamp 232 is fixedly connected to the top of the slider 2311.

[0059] After the foot is placed, the two sliders 2311 of the length clamp 231 slide along the length direction of the foot (from the heel to the toe) in the sliding groove of the bottom plate 21. When the foot is longer, the sliders 2311 are separated to both sides by the thrust of the foot, stretching the long elastic member 2312 in the middle (such as a spring or elastic rubber). The resilience generated by the long elastic member 2312 is transmitted to the foot through the sliders 2311, clamping the heel and toe areas. When the foot is shorter, the sliders 2311 move closer to each other under the contraction force of the long elastic member 2312, pushing the foot forward to fit the front end of the bottom plate 21, ensuring that the heel stably abuts against the upright component 22 area on the rear side of the bottom plate 21. This process does not require manual adjustment. Through the automatic tension balance of the long elastic member 2312, it can quickly adapt to different foot lengths (such as size 36 to size 45), avoiding the problem of "single fixed slot size" in traditional models.

[0060] Referring to Figure 6 As shown, the width clamp 232 includes an inner arc plate 2321. The inner arc plate 2321 is fixedly connected to the top of the slider 2311. Outer arc plates 2322 are provided on both outer walls of the inner arc plate 2321. A short elastic member 2323 is fixedly connected between the two outer arc plates 2322. The short elastic member 2323 is movably connected inside the inner arc plate 2321.

[0061] The width clamp 232 at the top of each slider 2311 further fixes the inner and outer sides of the foot laterally; the inner arc plate 2321 fits the inner side of the foot (big toe side), and its curvature matches the inner longitudinal arch curve of the human foot to provide bony structure support; the outer arc plate 2322 is connected to the inner arc plate 2321 through a short elastic member 2323 (such as a compression spring). When the foot is wider, the outer arc plate 2322 pushes the short elastic member 2323 outward to maintain flexible clamping of the outer side of the foot (little toe side); when the foot is narrower, the short elastic member 2323 contracts to drive the outer arc plate 2322 inward to avoid too loose clamping; the inner and outer arc plates 2322 are dynamically adjusted by the short elastic member 2323 to adapt to changes in foot width while avoiding discomfort caused by rigid clamping. This is especially suitable for scenes where the feet of demonstrators are slightly deformed during actions such as knee bending, ensuring the unity of fixation stability and comfort.

[0062] In addition, because the existing orthopedic simulation demonstration model lacks a limb-fitting structure and is supported only by foot fixation or a single-point connection (such as the upright component 22), there is a gap between the calf 12, thigh 13 and the human leg, which makes it easy for the model to shake, the joint axis to shift, and the movement to lag during exercise (for example, when the knee is bent, the thigh 13 model may fall backward due to unstable center of gravity, rather than swinging back synchronously with the human body). The stabilization component 3 "binds" the model to the real limb by establishing a multi-point elastic connection between the calf 12, thigh 13 and the demonstrator's leg, ensuring that the two maintain structural coaxiality and synchronous displacement during movement, fundamentally avoiding the phenomenon of "disconnection between the model's autonomous movement and the human body's movement".

[0063] See also Figure 9 As shown, the stabilizing component 3 includes a supporting member 31, and the multiple supporting members 31 are movably connected between the multiple holes of the calf 12 and the thigh 13. A contraction member 32 is provided at one end of one side of the supporting member 31, and the contraction member 32 is movably connected to the leg of the demonstrator.

[0064] Among them, see Figure 11 The supporting member 31 includes a long rod 311, which is movably connected between multiple holes in the calf 12 and the thigh 13. A rotating bead 312 is provided inside the long rod 311 near one end, and a suction cup 313 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating bead 312. The suction cup 313 is supported on the outer wall of the demonstrator's leg. A contraction member 32 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the long rod 311 near one side, and a nut is provided on the outer wall of the long rod 311 near the outer wall of the other side.

[0065] See also Figure 10 The contraction member 32 includes a support plate 321, which is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of the long rod 311, one end of the support plate 321 is fixedly connected to an elastic band 322, and the other end of the elastic band 322 is movably connected to the outer wall of the other end of the support plate 321.

[0066] The support member 31 and the contraction member 32 achieve precise positioning and motion synchronization between the calf 12, thigh 13 models and the demonstrator's leg through the "multi-point curved surface fitting + elastic dynamic binding" mechanism; through the long rod 311 passing through multiple holes in the calf 12 / thigh 13 (such as evenly distributed along the front, inner, and rear sides of the thigh 13), distributed support nodes are formed; the rotating bead 312 at the end of the long rod 311 allows the suction cup 313 to freely rotate in three-dimensional space, enabling it to closely fit the complex curved surface of the leg (such as the vastus lateralis bulge on the outer side of the thigh 13 and the gastrocnemius depression on the rear side of the calf 12); the suction cup 313 forms an initial contact force with the leg surface through the friction of the silicone material or micro-vacuum adsorption (physical fitting rather than vacuum adsorption to avoid skin damage), ensuring that the support member 31 automatically aligns and fits the target part (such as the outer side of the middle of the thigh 13) when worn, without manual angle adjustment, and quickly establishing the initial physical connection between the model and the limb;

[0067] It is fixed to the middle of the long rod 311 through the support plate 321, and its two ends are connected by elastic bands 322 to form a closed loop: Elastic pre-tightening: The initial length of the elastic band 322 is slightly less than the natural distance between the model and the leg (such as a preset shortening of 2 cm). When worn, stretching the elastic band 322 generates an inward pulling force (pre-tightening force of about 5 - 10 N), pulling the calf 12 / thigh 13 model towards the leg, eliminating the gap between the two (such as compressing the gap between the thigh 13 model and the human thigh 13 from 2 cm to 0.5 cm), and making the model closely fit the limb;

[0068] When the demonstrator bends the knee or raises the leg, causing the leg muscles to contract or the limb circumference to change, the elastic band 322 can elastically elongate (such as a maximum elongation of 15 cm), allowing the support member 31 to slightly displace with the muscle deformation (such as when the quadriceps muscle contracts and the thigh 13 circumference increases, the elastic band 322 automatically elongates to avoid jamming), and at the same time continuously maintaining the fitting state between the model and the limb through the elastic restoring force, ensuring uniform distribution of the support force during the movement process;

[0069] Among them, the long rod 311 serves as a rigid support main body, directly transmitting the displacement of the leg (such as the rear swing of the thigh 13 when bending the knee) to the joints of the calf 12 / thigh 13 model through the rotating bead 312, ensuring that the joint axis of the model coincides with the human anatomical axis (such as aligning the flexion and extension center of the knee joint);

[0070] The elastic deformation ability of the elastic band 322 allows the model to be finely adjusted during limb movement (such as when the calf 12 model rotates with the human calf 12, the elastic band 322 twists adaptively), avoiding motion jamming or stress concentration caused by rigid connection, and at the same time adjusting the tightness of the elastic band 322 through nuts (such as for people with different leg circumferences, rotating the nut to change the stretching degree of the elastic band 322) to achieve personalized adaptation.

[0071] Working principle:

[0072] When the demonstrator uses it, an adjustable connection between the leg bone model 1 and the bottom plate 21 is established through the upright component 22 and the fixing part 131. The sphere 221 rotates three-dimensionally relying on the rotating shaft 222 inside the bottom plate 21, flexibly adjusts the direction of the telescopic rod 223, so that it accurately aligns with the fixing part 131 at the top of the thigh 13, and adapts to different postures such as internal rotation and external rotation of the demonstrator's leg. The telescopic rod 223 adopts a nested sleeve structure similar to an umbrella handle, and realizes axial expansion and contraction by pressing the unlocking button, stretching or shortening to an appropriate length (such as adapting to the leg lengths of people with different heights), and the elastic buckle locks after releasing the button to ensure that the height of the top of the thigh 13 model is the same as the root of the human thigh 13. Subsequently, tighten the double nuts - the nut outside the round plate 1312 fixes the axial position of the telescopic rod 223, and the nut on the outer wall of the thigh 13 fixes the support rod 1311, so that the sphere 221, the telescopic rod 223 and the thigh 13 form a rigid support column, providing a stable upright foundation for the model and avoiding tipping due to its own weight during wearing.

[0073] When wearing, first place the foot on the top of the bottom plate 21, triggering the adaptive fixing mechanism of the positioning component 23: under the action of the foot gravity, the slider 2311 of the length clamp 231 slides along the chute of the bottom plate 21, and automatically adjusts the position according to the foot length - the foot of the long-foot type pushes the slider 2311 to separate to both sides, stretches the long elastic member 2312 and clamps the heel and the toe through the resilience; for the short-foot type, under the action of the contraction force of the long elastic member 2312, the slider 2311 retracts and pushes the foot forward to ensure that the heel stably abuts against the rear side of the bottom plate 21. At the same time, the inner arc plate 2321 of the width clamp 232 fits the medial longitudinal arch of the foot, and the outer arc plate 2322 is dynamically adjusted through the short elastic member 2323, flexibly clamping the outer side of the foot, adapting to different foot widths and avoiding rigid compression, and cooperating with the anti-slip support of the soft pads on both sides of the chute to quickly complete the stable fixation of the foot.

[0074] After wearing is completed, loosen the double nuts in the reverse direction, the telescopic rod 223 retracts into the bottom plate 21 together with the sphere 221, releasing the rigid connection between the model and the human body; at the same time, loosen the elastic band 322, and the supporting member 31 is separated from the leg, and the model can be quickly disassembled.

[0075] Subsequently, the stabilizing component 3 constructs a multi-point elastic connection network between the calf 12, the thigh 13 and the demonstrator's leg. The long rod 311 of the supporting member 31 passes through multiple holes in the model, and the end rotating bead 312 drives the suction cup 313 to adaptively fit the leg curved surface (such as the vastus lateralis on the outer side of the thigh 13 and the gastrocnemius on the posterior side of the calf 12), and uses the silicone friction to form an initial contact, which can be quickly positioned without manual adjustment. The elastic band 322 of the contraction member 32 has an initial length slightly shorter than the natural distance between the model and the leg. When worn, it stretches to generate a pre-tightening force of 5-10N, tightening the model to the limb surface, eliminating a 2 cm gap to a 0.5 cm fitting state. When the demonstrator bends the knee or raises the leg, causing the leg muscles to contract or the circumference to change, the elastic band 322 can elastically extend to 15 cm, allowing the supporting member 31 to move slightly with the muscle deformation. At the same time, through the elastic restoring force, a continuous and uniform force is applied to avoid the model from shaking or jamming.

[0076] When the demonstrator performs leg movements, the human movements are synchronously mapped to the model joints through a three-level conduction mechanism: First, the sole 11 drives the calf 12 to swing through the joint with the foot movement. For example, when the foot dorsiflexes, the calf 12 swings forward synchronously; Second, when the thigh 13 of the human body swings backward / forward flexes, the sphere 221 rotates in the bottom plate 21, and the telescopic rod 223 synchronously transmits the displacement to ensure that the axis of the hip joint model is aligned with the center of the human femoral head, realizing multi-degree-of-freedom movements such as internal rotation / external rotation; Finally, the displacement generated by the leg muscle force is transmitted to the supporting member 31 through the suction cup 313. The long rod 311 serves as a rigid support body, directly conducting the motion signal to the calf 12 / thigh 13 model joints (such as the contraction of the quadriceps femoris driving the knee joint to straighten). The elastic deformation ability of the elastic band 322 compensates for the change in limb circumference, avoiding the motion lag caused by rigid connection, ensuring that the displacement error of the model joint is <1 mm when the knee is bent at 90°, and truly reproducing the dynamic trajectory of the bone.

[0077] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art of this industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and the descriptions in the specification are only preferred examples of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An orthopedic simulation demonstration model, which includes a leg bone model (1), and is characterized in that: The leg bone model (1) includes a foot sole (11), the foot sole (11) is movably connected to a calf (12), the top of the calf (12) is movably connected to a thigh (13), and joints are provided between the foot sole (11), the calf (12) and the thigh (13) to facilitate movement; A support device (2) is placed at the bottom of the foot sole (11), the support device (2) includes a bottom plate (21), the bottom plate (21) is arranged at the bottom of the foot sole (11), an upright component (22) is provided on one side of the top of the bottom plate (21) close to the heel, and a positioning component (23) is provided on the surface of the top of the bottom plate (21) close to the medial side of the foot, and the positioning component (23) is used to fix the foot of the demonstrator; A fixing member (131) is provided between the top of the thigh (13) and the upright component (22), and a plurality of holes are provided inside the calf (12) and the thigh (13), and a plurality of stabilizing components (3) are provided between the plurality of holes inside the calf (12) and the thigh (13) and the legs of the demonstrator; The stabilizing component (3) is used to assist in positioning the calf (12) and the thigh (13) to match the leg structure of the demonstrator. When the demonstrator moves the legs, the joints between the foot sole (11), the calf (12) and the thigh (13) are driven to move.

2. The orthopedic simulation demonstration model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upright component (22) includes a sphere (221), the sphere (221) is movably clamped inside the bottom plate (21), the outer wall of the sphere (221) is symmetrically and fixedly connected with a rotating shaft (222), the rotating shaft (222) is movably connected inside the bottom plate (21), and a telescopic rod (223) is fixedly connected at a position between the two rotating shafts (222) on the outer wall of the sphere (221), and a fixing member (131) is provided between the telescopic rod (223) and the thigh (13).

3. The orthopedic simulation demonstration model according to claim 2, wherein: The fixing member (131) includes a support rod (1311), the support rod (1311) is movably communicated inside the thigh (13) near the top, one end of the support rod (1311) is provided with a circular plate (1312), the telescopic rod (223) passes through the inside of the circular plate (1312), a nut is provided on the outer wall of the telescopic rod (223) passing out of the circular plate (1312), and a nut is provided on the outer wall of the support rod (1311) near the outer wall of the thigh (13).

4. The orthopedic simulation demonstration model according to claim 1, characterized in that: A chute is provided inside the bottom plate (21), soft pads are provided on both sides of the top of the bottom plate (21) located on both sides of the chute, and a positioning component (23) is provided inside the chute of the bottom plate (21).

5. The orthopedic simulation demonstration model according to claim 4, wherein: The positioning component (23) includes a length clamp (231), the length clamp (231) is movably connected inside the bottom plate (21), and width clamps (232) are provided near both ends of the top of the length clamp (231).

6. The orthopedic simulation demonstration model according to claim 5, characterized in that: The length clamp (231) includes two sliders (2311), the sliders (2311) are slidably connected inside the chute of the bottom plate (21), a long elastic member (2312) is fixedly connected between the two sliders (2311), and a width clamp (232) is fixedly connected to the top of the slider (2311).

7. The orthopedic simulation demonstration model according to claim 6, characterized in that: The width clamp (232) includes an inner arc plate (2321), the inner arc plate (2321) is fixedly connected to the top of the slider (2311), outer arc plates (2322) are arranged on the outer walls on both sides of the inner arc plate (2321), a short elastic member (2323) is fixedly connected between the two outer arc plates (2322), and the short elastic member (2323) is movably communicated with the inside of the inner arc plate (2321).

8. The orthopedic simulation demonstration model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stable assembly (3) includes a supporting member (31), a plurality of the supporting members (31) are movably communicated between a plurality of holes in the calf (12) and the thigh (13), a contraction member (32) is arranged at one end of one side of the supporting member (31), and the contraction member (32) is movably connected to the leg of the demonstrator.

9. The orthopedic simulation demonstration model according to claim 8, wherein: The supporting member (31) includes a long rod (311), the long rod (311) is movably communicated between a plurality of holes in the calf (12) and the thigh (13), a rotating bead (312) is arranged near one end inside the long rod (311), a suction cup (313) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating bead (312), the suction cup (313) supports on the outer wall of the leg of the demonstrator, a contraction member (32) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the long rod (311) near one side, and a nut is arranged on the outer wall of the long rod (311) near the other outer wall.

10. The orthopedic simulation demonstration model according to claim 9, characterized in that: The contraction member (32) includes a support plate (321), the support plate (321) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the long rod (311) near one side, an elastic band (322) is fixedly connected to one end of the support plate (321), and the other end of the elastic band (322) is movably connected to the outer wall of the other end of the support plate (321).

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