5G-TSN cross-domain scheduling method

Abstract

The invention discloses a 5G-TSN cross-domain scheduling method, which comprises the following steps of: constructing a 5G-TSN hierarchical control network architecture, and carrying out global resource unified regulation and allocation; a circular queue forwarding mechanism is combined and adopted, a synchronous time slot cross-domain transmission mechanism is constructed, a multi-level service quality mapping strategy is implemented, 5G and TSN network priorities are matched, and an isolation transmission mechanism is used to meet differentiation requirements; according to differentiated demands of 5G and TSN networks, constructing a mixed service scene and determining demand attributes of different services; in combination with a synchronous time slot cross-domain transmission mechanism, the scheduling process of different service quality services is analyzed, and a scheduling and time delay model is constructed; according to cross-domain scheduling resource allocation based on time delay perception, scheduling of hybrid services is realized through three-dimensional collaborative optimization of time slot offset injection, wireless resource block allocation and base station power regulation and control. According to the invention, the overall performance of the 5G-TSN network can be obviously improved, and efficient transmission guarantee is provided for diversified services.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of network scheduling technology, and in particular to a 5G-TSN cross-domain scheduling method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of industrial Internet, intelligent manufacturing and Industry 4.0, the manufacturing industry is transforming towards a more efficient, intelligent and automated direction. In this process, network technology, especially Ethernet, has been widely used due to its high bandwidth, easy scalability and cost-effectiveness, covering multiple industrial links from the connection of production line equipment to data exchange for supply chain management, providing stable communication guarantee. However, with the increasing complexity of industrial application requirements, the limitations of traditional Ethernet have gradually been exposed, especially in those industrial application scenarios with strict requirements for real-time and high reliability. Taking smart factories, virtual power plants and digital twins as examples, these applications have extremely high requirements for the real-time performance of data transmission to ensure the rapid response and stable control of the system. However, traditional Ethernet adopts a "best effort" service mode and cannot strictly guarantee delay and jitter, which makes it incapable of these applications that require high real-time performance and precise control.

[0003] As one of the most mature technologies for implementing deterministic local area networks, time-sensitive networking (TSN) ensures stable transmission of data traffic through key technologies such as clock synchronization, traffic shaping, and routing optimization, and has become one of the key technologies for meeting the needs of complex industrial applications. In recent years, TSN has received increasing attention due to its advantages in meeting high service quality requirements. Although TSN can provide deterministic transmission, its application is still mainly limited to wired communication. However, the limitations of traditional wired communication in scalability can no longer meet the growing needs of current industrial networks and the trend of the Internet of Everything. In contrast, the advantages of wireless communication in flexibility and scalability can effectively make up for the shortcomings of wired networks. Therefore, the concept of combining wireless communication with TSN came into being. With its advantages in high bandwidth and low latency, 5G networks have become an important support for promoting the transformation of traditional industries and cultivating new formats. The collaborative application of 5G and TSN can not only provide better flexibility, mobility and scalability, but also effectively reduce operation and maintenance costs, and further expand the application scenarios of the two.

[0004] However, the time-varying characteristics of the wireless channels in 5G networks introduce inevitable uncertainties. How to maintain the strict requirements of TSN for aspects such as latency and bandwidth in a dynamic wireless environment is a great challenge. In addition, the differences in service quality requirements between 5G and TSN are another challenge. TSN requires high-precision latency control and low jitter, while the service quality strategy of 5G focuses on high bandwidth, low latency, and high reliability. The service quality control of 5G may not fully meet the strict requirements of TSN. This inconsistency in service quality requirements, especially in traffic scheduling, latency control, and resource allocation, increases the complexity of 5G-TSN coordination. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the defects and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a 5G-TSN cross-domain scheduling method for solving the cross-domain scheduling problem in the integration of 5G and TSN heterogeneous networks. By constructing a 5G-TSN hierarchical control network architecture, designing a synchronous time-slot cross-domain mechanism, and a multi-level service quality mapping strategy, it can accurately match the priority requirements in 5G and TSN networks, ensuring that the differentiated requirements of various services in heterogeneous networks are effectively met. In addition, the proposed latency-aware cross-domain scheduling resource allocation method further improves network performance by jointly optimizing time-slot offset, radio resource block allocation, and base station power regulation, thereby providing efficient transmission guarantees for different types of services.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a 5G-TSN cross-domain scheduling method, including the following steps:

[0008] Construct a 5G-TSN hierarchical control network architecture for unified regulation and allocation of global resources in 5G networks and TSN networks;

[0009] The TSN network adopts a cyclic queue forwarding mechanism for URLLC service scheduling, constructs a synchronous time-slot cross-domain transmission mechanism, implements a multi-level service quality mapping strategy, matches the priorities of 5G networks and TSN networks, and uses an isolation transmission mechanism to meet differentiated requirements;

[0010] According to the differentiated requirements of 5G networks and TSN networks, construct a mixed service scenario and determine the demand attributes of different services;

[0011] Combined with the synchronous time-slot cross-domain transmission mechanism, analyze the scheduling process of different service quality services, and construct a scheduling and latency model;

[0012] Based on latency-aware cross-domain scheduling resource allocation, realize the scheduling of mixed services by dynamically coordinating the injection time-slot offset, radio resource block allocation, and base station power regulation of different service flows.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, a 5G-TSN hierarchical control network architecture is constructed, specifically including a control layer, an edge layer, and a device layer;

[0014] The control layer uses software-defined network technology to achieve global control, including a central integrated user configurator and a central integrated network configurator, and realizes the configuration of network resources and the scheduling of service traffic based on global network status information;

[0015] The edge layer includes a TSN network and a controller. The controller is used to generate device layer control instructions and transmit them through the TSN network. At the same time, the TSN switch establishes a connection with the 5G base station in the device layer through a wired network;

[0016] The device layer includes 5G base stations and 5G devices, and realizes specified service functions by receiving and executing the control instructions of the edge layer.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, the TSN network in the edge layer adopts a full-duplex wired architecture, and the topological structure is modeled as a directed graph G TSN ={V, E}, where the node set V = {v1, v2,..., v H} represents the TSN switches or controllers in the network, and the edge set E = {e1, e2,..., e K} characterizes the unidirectional physical links between nodes, and the edge e 12 ≡(v1, v2) ∈ E describes the directed connection from node v1 to node v2.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, the device layer uses a 5G network to communicate and connect 5G base stations and 5G devices. The 5G network adopts downlink orthogonal frequency division multiple access OFDMA technology, and formalizes the resources as

[0019] Among them, the time resource set is divided into several mini-slots, and each mini-slot contains N c orthogonal frequency division multiple access symbols, and t i represents the i-th mini-slot, and its duration is T s ;

[0020] The frequency domain resource set is the downlink bandwidth resource, which is evenly divided into J equal-width sub-channels, and each sub-channel contains N s sub-carriers;

[0021] The network architecture adopts a centralized deployment. The 5G base stations are located at the center of the cell, providing services for ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) users and enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) users within the area. Among them, the enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) service adopts a brick-style resource allocation mode, occupying continuous time-frequency resources for transmission, and the ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) service adopts a cross-band transmission mechanism to achieve parallel transmission of multiple sub-channels within a single mini-slot.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution, a synchronous time-slot cross-domain transmission mechanism is constructed, specifically including:

[0023] The duration of each transmission time-slot of the TSN network is the same as that of the mini-slot in the 5G network. A synchronous calibration mechanism at the start moment of the time-slot is adopted to synchronize the time-slots of the TSN network and the 5G network.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution, a multi-level quality of service mapping strategy is implemented to match the priorities of the 5G and TSN networks, and an isolation transmission mechanism is used to meet differentiated requirements, specifically including:

[0025] Map the quality of service requirements of different services to different TSN priorities, assign a higher TSN transmission priority to the ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) service, and use a circular queue forwarding mechanism for exclusive queue transmission. The enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) service is processed accordingly according to the bandwidth requirements, a dedicated queue is configured for the enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) service, and the transmission time of the enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) service and the ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) service is separated through a priority isolation mechanism.

[0026] As a preferred technical solution, according to the differentiated requirements of the 5G network and the TSN network, a hybrid service scenario is constructed and the demand attributes of different services are determined, specifically including:

[0027] According to the differentiated service requirements of ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) users and enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) users in the 5G network, a hybrid cross-domain scheduling scenario for ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) services and enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) services is constructed, and a set of characteristic control flows is constructed, including an eMBB flow set and a URLLC flow set;

[0028] Among them, the eMBB flow set is expressed as:

[0029]

[0030] Among them, the flow represents the throughput requirement of the broadband service through the target throughput ;

[0031] The URLLC flow set is expressed as:

[0032]

[0033] Among them, is the upper bound of the end-to-end delay, characterizes the periodic transmission requirement, defines the deterministic transmission path from the TSN controller to the 5G base station bridging device, is the quantization of the packet size constraint;

[0034] Set the hyper-period as the unified scheduling period for URLLC services, which is the least common multiple of the periods of all URLLC flows, specifically expressed as:

[0035]

[0036] The hyper-period is set to be consistent with the time division of the 5G network, expressed as:

[0037] T c = t I T s

[0038] Among them, T s represents the mini-slot length of the 5G network.

[0039] As a preferred technical solution, combined with the synchronous time-slot cross-domain transmission mechanism, analyze the scheduling process of different quality-of-service services, and construct a scheduling and delay model, specifically including:

[0040] Define the binary decision variables and respectively represent whether the resource block RB corresponding to the jth sub-channel in the ith minislot of the 5G network ij is allocated to the ultra-reliable low-latency communication URLLC service flow or the enhanced mobile broadband eMBB service flow

[0041] When the resource block RB ij is allocated to the URLLC service flow, the transmission power is the signal-to-noise ratio is:

[0042]

[0043] When the resource block RB ij is allocated to the eMBB service flow, the transmission power is the signal-to-noise ratio is:

[0044]

[0045] Among them, |hij | 2 Channel gain is the noise power;

[0046] Adaptive modulation and coding mechanism is adopted for resource allocation. At the beginning of each subframe, the channel quality indicator is measured according to the signal-to-noise ratio and block error rate of available resource blocks. Based on the received channel quality indicator, the base station selects an appropriate modulation and coding scheme for each user;

[0047] After selecting the modulation and coding level, the maximum number of transmission bits that can be carried by a single resource block of URLLC users is expressed as:

[0048]

[0049] The transmission capacity of a single resource block of eMBB users is expressed as:

[0050]

[0051] where N s is the number of subcarriers in the resource block, and N c represents the number of symbols, is the spectral efficiency function corresponding to the selected MCS level;

[0052] A homogeneous modulation and coding configuration strategy is adopted to constrain all resource blocks allocated to the same traffic flow to use the same modulation and coding level. After implementing this strategy, the resource blocks within each traffic flow satisfy the signal-to-noise ratio consistency condition, and the maximum transmission capacity of the resource block is simplified to:

[0053]

[0054] The TSN network time slot is divided into two parts. One part uses the CQF mechanism and is dedicated to URLLC transmission, and a fixed queue length Q k is configured for the switch port of link e k , and the remaining time slot resources are all used for eMBB service transmission;

[0055] The base station allocates the resource blocks of each mini-slot to the eMBB flow at the beginning of each subframe. When a URLLC service arrives, it preempts the resource blocks of the next mini-slot. The actual throughput of the eMBB flow is calculated by the number of resource blocks it occupies, and is specifically expressed as:

[0056]

[0057] where, is the maximum transmission capacity of the resource block selected by the eMBB flow, is the allocated resource block RB ijBinary decision variable, LT s is the length of a subframe;

[0058] Define the URLLC traffic flow Inject the time offset The corresponding transmission delay of the TSN domain is calculated as:

[0059]

[0060] where represents the number of transmission hops of the URLLC traffic flow in the TSN network path ;

[0061] Based on the downlink channel transmission scenario, the end-to-end delay of the URLLC flow is determined by the transmission time of the 5G network side. The final mini-slot allocated with resources is used as the benchmark for measuring the end-to-end delay. The calculation formula is:

[0062]

[0063] where represents the selected maximum mini-slot position, and T s is the length of the 5G network mini-slot.

[0064] As a preferred technical solution, based on delay-aware cross-domain scheduling resource allocation, by dynamically coordinating the injection time slot offset, radio resource block allocation, and base station power regulation of different traffic flows, the scheduling of mixed services is realized, specifically including:

[0065] For the ultra-reliable low-latency communication URLLC service, use the URLLC packet length and period to construct a sorting factor:

[0066]

[0067] where is the packet length, is the URLLC flow period;

[0068] The number of resource blocks used by each URLLC flow is expressed as:

[0069]

[0070] where represents the maximum transmission volume of each resource block when the URLLC service selects the highest-level modulation and coding;

[0071] By adjusting the injection offset time slot on the TSN side to control the arrival time of the traffic flow at the 5G side, sense the minimum transmission delay of the TSN, determine the available mini-slot range at the 5G side, and select the mini-slot with the most remaining available resource blocks among all feasible mini-slots as the mini-slot for 5G scheduling. The injection offset time slot on the TSN side is expressed as:

[0072]

[0073] where is the index of the scheduled mini-slot, represents the number of transmission hops;

[0074] After selecting the 5G transmission mini-slot, select the one with the optimal channel quality from the available resource blocks in this mini-slot, that is, the largest |h ij | 2 consecutive resource blocks, and set the corresponding to 1, and calculate the actual data volume required for each resource block. The formula is as follows:

[0075]

[0076] where is the packet length, is the selected resource block;

[0077] According to the actual transmission, select the lowest-order modulation coding and signal-to-noise ratio that meet the transmission requirements, and calculate the minimum transmission power that meets the transmission requirements according to the channel gain of the selected resource block;

[0078] For the eMBB traffic flow, adopt a uniform distribution strategy. After the URLLC scheduling is completed, calculate the remaining resource block quantities of each mini-slot:

[0079]

[0080] where f J is the total number of resource blocks of the mini-slot, represents the number of resource blocks occupied by URLLC;

[0081] Conduct a quantization analysis on the remaining available transmission power, and its expression is:

[0082]

[0083] where P max is the maximum allocated power of the base station for each mini-slot, represents the power that has been used;

[0084] Calculate the average transmission power of each resource block according to the remaining transmission power and resource blocks:

[0085]

[0086] According to P avg Calculate the minimum signal-to-noise ratio of the remaining resource blocks, dynamically select the highest-order modulation and coding according to the subframe minimum signal-to-noise ratio, and maximize the eMBB throughput under the premise of meeting the power constraint.

[0087] As a preferred technical solution, to maximize the eMBB throughput under the premise of meeting the power constraint, the objective function for maximizing the eMBB throughput is expressed as:

[0088]

[0089] Where is the actual throughput of the eMBB traffic flow and N is the total number of eMBB traffic flows;

[0090] The unique constraint for the resource block is:

[0091]

[0092] Where is the binary decision variable for the allocated resource block RB ij This constraint means that the resource block RB ij can only be allocated to one traffic flow;

[0093] The URLLC period constraint is:

[0094]

[0095] Where, is the binary decision variable for the resource block of the URLLC flow α is the index parameter of the data packet in the periodic sequence, T c is the supercycle, is This constraint means that after the resource block RB ij is allocated to the URLLC flow the resource blocks in the corresponding period interval within the supercycle are also allocated to The power constraint is:

[0096]

[0097] Where and are the URLLC flow and the eMBB flow Regarding resource block RB ij The decision variable, and are the URLLC flow and the eMBB flow allocated to the RB ij The transmit power, P max is the maximum allocated power of the base station for a mini - slot. This constraint means that the transmit power allocated to the traffic flow in a single mini - slot cannot exceed the maximum allocated power of the base station;

[0098] The latency constraint is:

[0099]

[0100] where is the actual transmission latency of the flow and is the upper bound of the allowed latency of the flow . This constraint means that the actual transmission latency of the flow cannot exceed its upper bound of the allowed latency;

[0101] The transmission timing synchronization constraint is:

[0102]

[0103] where, is the transmission latency in the TSN domain, is the start mini - slot of the 5G domain for transmission. This constraint requires that the transmission of the URLLC traffic flow in the TSN domain must be completed before the resource scheduling in the 5G domain is started;

[0104] The transmission capacity constraint is:

[0105]

[0106] where is the decision variable of the URLLC flow regarding the resource block RB ij , is the maximum transmission capacity of the selected resource block of the flow , is the data packet length of the flow . This constraint means that the transmission capacity of the resource block selected for the URLLC service must strictly meet the requirements of its data packet length;

[0107] The throughput constraint is:

[0108]

[0109] where is the eMBB traffic flow The actual throughput is the throughput of the flow The target throughput. This constraint means that the actual throughput of the eMBB service selecting resource blocks meets its target throughput;

[0110] The queue capacity constraint is:

[0111]

[0112] where the binary variable characterizes the occupancy status of the TSN domain queue. When and only when then represents that the URLLC flow is transmitted through link e k in the i-th mini-slot, where is the injection time offset, is the path to link e k The number of hops, β is the packet index parameter, characterizes the number of mini-slots corresponding to the packet interval, t I represents the total number of mini-slots included in the supercycle, is the throughput of the flow The packet length, Q k is the queue capacity of the switch connected by link e k .

[0113] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0114] The present invention improves the regulation and allocation efficiency of network resources through the 5G-TSN cross-domain scheduling mechanism, effectively solves the cross-domain scheduling problem in the integration of 5G and TSN heterogeneous networks, optimizes the scheduling effect of hybrid services through delay-aware resource allocation, and ensures high-efficiency and stable service quality guarantee. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0115] Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of the 5G-TSN cross-domain scheduling method of the present invention;

[0116] Figure 2 is a schematic architecture diagram of the 5G-TSN hierarchical control network of the present invention;

[0117] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of experimental data comparison between the 5G-TSN cross-domain scheduling method of the present invention and the prior method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0118] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0119] As Figure 1 shown, this embodiment provides a 5G-TSN cross-domain scheduling method, including the following steps:

[0120] S1: Construct a 5G-TSN hierarchical control network architecture to uniformly regulate and allocate global resources of 5G and TSN networks, specifically including:

[0121] As Figure 2 shown, construct a three-layer network architecture of 5G-TSN, including a control layer, an edge layer, and a device layer. The control layer uses software-defined network technology to achieve global control, including two core components, a central integrated user configurator and a central integrated network configurator, which can realize intelligent configuration of network resources and precise scheduling of service traffic based on global network status information; the edge layer consists of a TSN network and a controller, where the controller is responsible for generating device layer control instructions and transmitting them through the TSN network. At the same time, the TSN switch establishes a highly reliable connection with the 5G base station in the device layer through a wired network; the device layer mainly includes 5G base stations and 5G devices, and realizes specific service functions by receiving and executing the control instructions of the edge layer.

[0122] The TSN network in the edge layer adopts a full-duplex wired architecture, and its topological structure is modeled as a directed graph G TSN ={V, E}, where the node set V = {v1, v2,..., v H} represents the TSN switches or controllers in the network, and the edge set E = {e1, e2,..., e K} characterizes the unidirectional physical links between nodes, and the edge e 12 ≡(v1, v2) ∈ E describes the directed connection from node v1 to v2.

[0123] The device layer uses a 5G network to communicate and connect devices and base stations. The 5G network used adopts a downlink orthogonal frequency division multiple access OFDMA technical solution, and the system resources can be formally defined where the time resource set is divided into several mini-slots, and each mini-slot contains N c orthogonal frequency division multiple access symbols, where t i represents the i-th mini-slot, and its duration is T s . The subframe length is 1 ms, corresponding to K mini-slots; the frequency domain resource set is the downlink bandwidth resource, which is evenly divided into J equal-width sub-channels, and each sub-channel contains N s sub-carriers. Based on the above division, the system forms a total of I×J time-frequency resource grid units, and each unit is called a resource block. The network architecture adopts a centralized deployment scheme, and the 5G base station is located at the center of the cell, providing services for ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) users and enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) users within the region. The user set is specifically defined as: the eMBB user set ε = {ε1, ε2,..., ε N} and the URLLC user set In terms of resource scheduling, the eMBB service adopts a brick-style resource allocation mode, occupying continuous time-frequency resources with a larger bandwidth for transmission; while the URLLC service adopts a cross-band transmission mechanism to achieve parallel transmission of multiple sub-channels within a single mini-slot.

[0124] S2: Combining the cyclic queue forwarding mechanism of TSN, constructing a synchronous time-slot cross-domain mechanism and implementing a multi-level quality of service mapping strategy, accurately matching the priorities of 5G and TSN, and using an isolation transmission mechanism to ensure differentiated requirements, specifically including:

[0125] The TSN network adopts a cyclic queue forwarding mechanism for URLLC service scheduling. By setting the transmission time-slot length equal to that of the 5G network mini-slot, the time-slot division of the TSN network is made consistent with that of the 5G network in terms of granularity. Specifically, the duration of each transmission time-slot of TSN is the same as that of the mini-slot in the 5G network, ensuring the time synchronization between the two. To further achieve the time-domain synchronization between the two, a synchronization calibration mechanism for the start moment of the time-slot is adopted. This mechanism can accurately synchronize the time-slots of the TSN network and the 5G network, enabling cross-network services to perform collaborative transmission at precise time points, thus ensuring time-sensitive collaboration and deterministic transmission between different networks.

[0126] The system adopts a multi-level quality of service requirement mapping method, mapping the quality of service requirements of different services to different TSN priorities. The URLLC service has high requirements for latency and reliability, so it is assigned a higher TSN transmission priority and uses a cyclic queue forwarding mechanism for dedicated queue transmission. The eMBB service is processed accordingly according to its bandwidth requirements. In the TSN network architecture, a dedicated queue is configured for the eMBB service, and the transmission times of eMBB and URLLC are separated through a priority isolation mechanism to ensure its transmission reliability. This design ensures that even if eMBB and URLLC share the same network resources, the eMBB service can meet the large-bandwidth throughput requirements without affecting the transmission of the URLLC service.

[0127] S3: According to the differentiated requirements of 5G and TSN networks, design hybrid service scenarios and clarify the requirement attributes of different services to meet the quality of service requirements of 5G and TSN, specifically including:

[0128] According to the differentiated service requirements of URLLC and eMBB users in the 5G network, a hybrid cross-domain scheduling scenario for URLLC and eMBB service flows is designed, and a set of characteristic control flows is constructed: the eMBB flow set is defined as where the flow Through the target throughput characterizes the throughput requirement of broadband services; the URLLC flow set is defined as where The service characteristics are completely described by the quadruple parameters: is the upper bound of the end-to-end delay, characterizes the periodic transmission requirement, defines the deterministic transmission path from the TSN controller to the 5G base station bridging device, is the quantization of the packet size constraint. Since the URLLC service flow periods are different, this embodiment introduces a supercycle as the unified scheduling period. The mathematical definition of the supercycle is the least common multiple of all URLLC flow periods At the same time, the supercycle is set to be consistent with the time division of the 5G system T c = t I T s . This alignment mechanism can effectively ensure cross-domain time coordinated scheduling.

[0129] S4: Combining the synchronous time-slot cross-domain transmission mechanism, analyze the scheduling process of different quality of service services, and establish a scheduling and delay model that meets the requirements, specifically including:

[0130] In this embodiment, combined with the proposed synchronous time-slot cross-domain transmission mechanism, the scheduling process of different services is analyzed. For this purpose, binary decision variables and are defined to represent whether the resource block RB corresponding to the jth subchannel in the ith minislot ij is allocated to the URLLC service flow or the eMBB service flow Specifically, when the resource block RB ij is allocated to the URLLC service flow (i.e., ), its transmit power is The signal-to-noise ratio is:

[0131]

[0132] where |h ij |2 Channel gain is the noise power. Similarly, when RB ij is allocated to the eMBB traffic flow (i.e., ), its transmit power and signal-to-noise ratio are respectively and:

[0133]

[0134] An adaptive modulation and coding mechanism is adopted for resource allocation. At the beginning of each subframe, the user measures the channel quality indicator according to the signal-to-noise ratio and block error rate of the available resource blocks, and feeds this information back to the base station. The block error rate values of different users are different. The target block error rate of eMBB users is 10 -3 , while the target of URLLC users is a more stringent 10 -5 . Based on the received channel quality indicator, the base station selects an appropriate modulation and coding scheme for each user. After the modulation and coding level is selected, the maximum number of transmission bits that a single resource block of URLLC users can carry is calculated by the following formula:

[0135]

[0136] Similarly, the transmission capacity of a single resource block of eMBB users can be expressed as:

[0137]

[0138] where N s is the number of subcarriers in the resource block, N c represents the number of symbols, is the spectral efficiency function corresponding to the selected MCS level. Since using different MCSs for heterogeneous resource blocks will significantly increase the scheduling control complexity, a homogeneous modulation and coding configuration strategy is adopted, that is, it is stipulated that all resource blocks allocated to the same traffic flow must use the same modulation and coding level. After implementing this strategy, the resource blocks within each traffic flow need to meet the signal-to-noise ratio consistency conditions, which are respectively defined as (for URLLC) and (for eMBB). Based on this constraint condition, the maximum transmission capacity of the resource block can be simplified to:

[0139]

[0140] To ensure the transmission performance of eMBB services on the TSN side, the TSN time slots are divided into two parts: one part uses the CQF mechanism and is dedicated to URLLC transmission, and a fixed queue length Q k is configured for the switch port of link e k; The remaining time slot resources are all used for eMBB service transmission. On the 5G side, the base station allocates resource blocks of each mini-slot for eMBB flows at the start time of each sub-frame. When a URLLC service arrives, it will preempt the resource blocks of the next mini-slot. The eMBB flow The actual throughput can be calculated by the number of resource blocks it occupies:

[0141]

[0142] Where is the maximum transmission capacity of the resource blocks selected by eMBB, is the allocated resource block RB ij binary decision variable, LT s is the length of a sub-frame.

[0143] To better ensure the URLLC delay requirement, the injection time offset of the URLLC service flow is defined and its corresponding transmission delay in the TSN domain can be calculated as:

[0144]

[0145] Where represents the number of transmission hops of the URLLC service flow in the TSN network path . Based on the downlink channel transmission scenario, the end-to-end delay of the URLLC flow is determined by the transmission time on the 5G network side. The final mini-slot of resource block allocation is used as the end-to-end delay measurement benchmark, and the calculation formula is:

[0146]

[0147] Where represents the selected maximum mini-slot position, T s is the mini-slot length.

[0148] S5: Propose a delay-aware cross-domain scheduling resource allocation method. By dynamically coordinating the injection time slot offset, radio resource block allocation, and base station power regulation of different service flows, the best scheduling effect of mixed services is achieved, specifically including:

[0149] The system scheduling goal is to maximize the total throughput of eMBB under the premise of completing all URLLC traffic scheduling. For this purpose, a delay-aware mixed traffic scheduling method is proposed to achieve efficient scheduling of URLLC and eMBB services in a cross-domain environment. For URLLC services, the sorting factor is constructed using the URLLC packet length and period:

[0150]

[0151] Among them, is the data packet length, is the URLLC flow period. To ensure that eMBB services can obtain sufficient resource blocks for transmission, a strategy of minimizing resource block consumption for URLLC flows is adopted. The number of resource blocks used by each URLLC flow can be calculated by the following formula:

[0152]

[0153] Among them, represents the maximum transmission amount of each resource block when the URLLC service selects the highest-level modulation and coding. By rounding up the ratio of the data packet length to the maximum transmission amount, the minimum resource block consumption of the URLLC flow is obtained. To maintain the balance of resource loads in 5G and TSN, the arrival time of the traffic flow at the 5G side is controlled by adjusting the injection offset time slot on the TSN side. Specifically, first, the minimum transmission delay of the TSN is sensed to determine the available mini-slot range on the 5G side, and then the mini-slot with the most remaining available resource blocks among all feasible mini-slots is selected as the mini-slot for 5G scheduling. At this time, the injection offset time slot on the TSN side can be expressed as:

[0154]

[0155] Among them, is the index of the scheduled mini-slot, represents the number of transmission hops. To ensure that the eMBB traffic flow obtains as much transmission power as possible, the transmission power required for sending the URLLC traffic flow is minimized. Therefore, after selecting the 5G transmission mini-slot, the algorithm selects the one with the best channel quality from the available resource blocks in this mini-slot, that is, the continuous ij | 2 with the largest resource blocks, and sets the corresponding to 1. Then, calculate the actual data volume required to be transmitted for each resource block, and the formula is as follows:

[0156]

[0157] Among them, is the data packet length, is the selected resource block. According to the actual transmission, select the lowest-order modulation and coding and signal-to-noise ratio that meet the transmission requirements, and then calculate the minimum transmission power that meets the transmission requirements according to the channel gain of the selected resource block.

[0158] For the eMBB traffic flow, a uniform distribution strategy is adopted. After the URLLC scheduling is completed, the algorithm accurately calculates the remaining resource blocks in each mini-slot:

[0159]

[0160] Among them, f J is the total number of resource blocks in a mini-slot, represents the number of resource blocks occupied by URLLC.

[0161] Subsequently, a quantitative analysis of the remaining available transmit power is performed, and its expression is:

[0162]

[0163] Among them, P max is the maximum allocated power of the base station for each mini-slot, represents the power that has been used.

[0164] According to the remaining transmit power and resource blocks, calculate the average transmit power of each resource block:

[0165]

[0166] According to P avg the minimum signal-to-noise ratio of the remaining resource blocks can be calculated. The system dynamically selects the highest-order modulation and coding according to the minimum signal-to-noise ratio of the subframe, and maximizes the eMBB throughput under the premise of meeting the power constraint.

[0167] In this embodiment, scheduling optimization is performed based on the following optimization objectives and constraints:

[0168] The objective function is modeled to maximize the eMBB throughput, and the objective function is expressed as:

[0169]

[0170] Among them is the actual throughput of the eMBB traffic flow and N is the total number of eMBB traffic flows.

[0171] The resource block uniqueness constraint is:

[0172]

[0173] Among them is the allocated resource block RB ij binary decision variable. This constraint means that the resource block RB ij can only be allocated to one traffic flow.

[0174] The URLLC period constraint is:

[0175]

[0176] where is the resource block binary decision variable for the URLLC flow, α is the index parameter of the data packet in the periodic sequence, and T is the hyper-period, c and is 's period. This constraint means that after the resource block RB ij is allocated to the URLLC flow the resource blocks in the corresponding period interval within the hyper-period must also be allocated to

[0177] The power constraint is:

[0178]

[0179] where and are the decision variables for the URLLC flow and the eMBB flow with respect to the resource block RB ij , and are the transmission powers of the URLLC flow and the eMBB flow allocated to RB ij . P max is the maximum allocation power of the base station for the mini-slot. This constraint means that the transmission power of a single mini-slot allocated to a traffic flow cannot exceed the maximum allocation power of the base station.

[0180] The delay constraint is:

[0181]

[0182] where is the actual transmission delay of the flow , is the upper bound of the allowed delay of the flow . This constraint means that the actual transmission delay of the flow cannot exceed its upper bound of the allowed delay.

[0183] The transmission timing synchronization constraint is:

[0184]

[0185] where is the TSN domain transmission delay, It is the transmission start mini-slot of the 5G domain. This constraint requires that the transmission of URLLC traffic flows within the TSN domain must be completed before the resource scheduling in the 5G domain is initiated.

[0186] The transmission capacity constraint is:

[0187]

[0188] Where is the decision variable of the URLLC flow with respect to the resource block RB ij , is the maximum transmission capacity of the selected resource block of the flow , is the data packet length of the flow . This constraint means that the transmission capacity of the resource block selected for URLLC services must strictly meet the requirements of its data packet length.

[0189] The throughput constraint is:

[0190]

[0191] Where is the actual throughput of the eMBB traffic flow , is the target throughput of the flow . This constraint means that the actual throughput of the resource block selected for eMBB services meets its target throughput.

[0192] The queue capacity constraint is:

[0193]

[0194] Where the binary variable characterizes the occupancy status of the TSN domain queue: when and only when , indicates that the URLLC flow is transmitted through link e k in the i-th mini-slot, where is the injection time offset, is the number of hops of the path to link e k , β is the data packet index parameter, characterizes the number of mini-slots corresponding to the packet interval, t I represents the total number of mini-slots included in the supercycle, is the data packet length of the flow , Q k is the queue capacity of the switch connected by link e k .

[0195] As Figure 3 shown, compared with other existing power allocation methods, the present invention improves the regulation and allocation efficiency of network resources through the 5G-TSN cross-domain scheduling mechanism, has higher throughput, effectively solves the cross-domain scheduling problem in the integration of 5G and TSN heterogeneous networks, and optimizes the scheduling effect of hybrid services through delay-aware resource allocation.

[0196] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be equivalent replacement methods and are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A 5G-TSN cross-domain scheduling method, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Construct a 5G-TSN hierarchical control network architecture to uniformly regulate and allocate global resources of the 5G network and the TSN network; The TSN network adopts a circular queue forwarding mechanism for URLLC service scheduling, constructs a synchronous time-slot cross-domain transmission mechanism, implements a multi-level quality of service mapping strategy, matches the priorities of the 5G network and the TSN network, and uses an isolation transmission mechanism to meet differentiated requirements; According to the differentiated requirements of the 5G network and the TSN network, construct a mixed service scenario and determine the demand attributes of different services; Combined with the synchronous time-slot cross-domain transmission mechanism, analyze the scheduling process of services with different qualities of service, and construct a scheduling and delay model; Based on delay-aware cross-domain scheduling resource allocation, realize the scheduling of mixed services by dynamically coordinating the injection time-slot offset of different service flows, radio resource block allocation, and base station power regulation; 2. The 5G-TSN cross-domain scheduling method according to claim 1, wherein Construct a 5G-TSN hierarchical control network architecture, specifically including a control layer, an edge layer, and a device layer; The control layer adopts software-defined network technology to achieve global control, including a central integrated user configurator and a central integrated network configurator, and realizes the configuration of network resources and the scheduling of service traffic based on global network status information; The edge layer includes a TSN network and a controller. The controller is used to generate device layer control instructions and transmit them through the TSN network. At the same time, the TSN switch establishes a connection with the 5G base station in the device layer through a wired network; The device layer includes 5G base stations and 5G devices, and realizes specified service functions by receiving and executing the control instructions of the edge layer; 3. The 5G-TSN cross-domain scheduling method according to claim 2, characterized in that The TSN network of the edge layer adopts a full-duplex wired architecture, and its topological structure is modeled as a directed graph G TSN ={V, E}, where the node set V = {v1, v2,..., v H} represents the TSN switches or controllers in the network, and the edge set E = {e1, e2,..., e K} characterizes the unidirectional physical links between nodes, and the edge e 12 ≡(v1, v2) ∈ E describes the directed connection from node v1 to node v2.

4. The 5G-TSN cross-domain scheduling method according to claim 2, wherein The device layer uses a 5G network to communicate and connect a 5G base station and 5G devices. The 5G network adopts the downlink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technology and formally defines the resources as Among them, the time resource set is divided into several mini-slots, and each mini-slot contains N c orthogonal frequency division multiple access symbols. t i represents the i-th mini-slot, and its duration is T s ; Frequency domain resource set It is the downlink bandwidth resource, which is evenly divided into J equal-width sub-channels, and each sub-channel contains N s sub-carriers; The network architecture adopts a centralized deployment. The 5G base station is located in the center of the cell and provides services for ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) users and enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) users in the area. Among them, the enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) service adopts a brick-style resource allocation mode and occupies continuous time-frequency resources for transmission. The ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) service adopts a cross-band transmission mechanism and realizes parallel transmission of multiple sub-channels within a single mini-slot; 5. The 5G-TSN cross-domain scheduling method according to claim 1, wherein Construct a synchronous time-slot cross-domain transmission mechanism, specifically including: The duration of each transmission time-slot in the TSN network is the same as that of the mini-slot in the 5G network, and a synchronous calibration mechanism at the beginning of the time-slot is adopted to synchronize the time-slots of the TSN network and the 5G network; 6. The 5G-TSN cross-domain scheduling method according to claim 1, wherein Implement a multi-level quality of service mapping strategy, match the priorities of 5G and TSN networks, and use an isolation transmission mechanism to meet differentiated requirements, specifically including: Map the quality of service requirements of different services to different TSN priorities, allocate a higher TSN transmission priority to the ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) service, and adopt a circular queue forwarding mechanism for dedicated queue transmission. The enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) service is processed accordingly according to the bandwidth requirements, a dedicated queue is configured for the enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) service, and the transmission time of the enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) service and the ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) service is separated through a priority isolation mechanism; 7. The 5G-TSN cross-domain scheduling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, According to the differentiated requirements of the 5G network and the TSN network, construct a mixed service scenario and determine the demand attributes of different services, specifically including: According to the differentiated service requirements of ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) users and enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) users in the 5G network, a hybrid cross-domain scheduling scenario for URLLC services and eMBB services is constructed, and a set of characteristic control flows is constructed, including an eMBB flow set and a URLLC flow set; Among them, the eMBB flow set is expressed as: Among them, the flow is characterized by the target throughput to represent the throughput requirement of broadband services; The URLLC flow set is expressed as: Among them, is the upper bound of the end-to-end delay, characterizes the periodic transmission requirement, defines the deterministic transmission path from the TSN controller to the 5G base station bridging device, is the quantization of the data packet size constraint; Set the super-period as the unified scheduling period for URLLC services, which is the least common multiple of the periods of all URLLC flows, and is specifically expressed as: The super-period is set to be consistent with the time division of the 5G network, and is expressed as: T c = t I T s Among them, T s represents the mini-slot length of the 5G network.

8. The 5G-TSN cross-domain scheduling method according to claim 1, wherein Combined with the synchronous time-slot cross-domain transmission mechanism, analyze the scheduling process of different quality-of-service services, and construct a scheduling and delay model, specifically including: Define binary decision variables and respectively represent the resource block RB corresponding to the j-th sub-channel in the i-th minislot of the 5G network ij whether it is allocated to the ultra-reliable low-latency communication URLLC traffic flow or the enhanced mobile broadband eMBB traffic flow When the resource block RB ij is allocated to the URLLC traffic flow, the transmit power is The signal-to-noise ratio is: When the resource block RB ij is allocated to the eMBB service flow, the transmission power is The signal-to-noise ratio is: where, |h ij | 2 is the channel gain, and is the noise power; Adopt an adaptive modulation and coding mechanism for resource allocation. At the start of each subframe, measure the channel quality indicator according to the signal-to-noise ratio and block error rate of the available resource blocks. Based on the received channel quality indicator, the base station selects an appropriate modulation and coding scheme for each user; After selecting the modulation and coding level, the maximum number of transmission bits that can be carried by a single resource block of a URLLC user is expressed as: The transmission capacity of a single resource block of an eMBB user is expressed as: Among them, N s is the number of subcarriers within a resource block, and N c represents the number of symbols, is the spectral efficiency function corresponding to the selected MCS level; Adopt a homogeneous modulation and coding configuration strategy, which restricts all resource blocks allocated to the same service flow to adopt the same modulation and coding level. After implementing this strategy, the resource blocks within each service flow meet the signal-to-noise ratio consistency condition, and the maximum transmission capacity of the resource blocks is simplified to: Divide the TSN network time slots into two parts. One part uses the CQF mechanism and is dedicated to URLLC transmission, and configure a fixed queue length Q for the switch port of link e k ; k The remaining time slot resources are all used for eMBB service transmission; The base station allocates resource blocks for each mini-slot of the eMBB stream at the start of each sub-frame. When a URLLC service arrives, it preempts the resource blocks of the next mini-slot, and the eMBB stream 's actual throughput is calculated by the number of resource blocks it occupies, which is specifically expressed as: Among them, is the maximum transmission capacity of the resource block selected by the eMBB flow, is the allocated resource block RB ij binary decision variable, LT s is the length of a subframe; Define the URLLC service flow Inject the time offset The corresponding transmission delay of the TSN domain is calculated as follows: Among them, represents the number of transmission hops of the URLLC service flow in the TSN network path ; Based on the downlink channel transmission scenario, the end-to-end delay of the URLLC flow is determined by the transmission time on the 5G network side. The final mini-slot of resource block allocation is used as the end-to-end delay measurement benchmark, and the calculation formula is: Among them, represents the selected maximum mini-slot position, T s is the mini-slot length of the 5G network.

9. The 5G-TSN cross-domain scheduling method according to claim 1, characterized in that Based on delay-aware cross-domain scheduling resource allocation, realize the scheduling of hybrid services by dynamically coordinating the injection slot offset, radio resource block allocation, and base station power control of different service flows, specifically including: For ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) services, use the URLLC packet length and period to construct a sorting factor: Among them, is the data packet length, is the URLLC flow period; The number of resource blocks used by each URLLC flow is expressed as: Among them, represents the maximum transmission volume of each resource block when the URLLC service selects the highest-level modulation and coding; Control the arrival time of the service flow at the 5G side by adjusting the injection offset slot on the TSN side, sense the minimum transmission delay of the TSN, determine the available mini-slot range on the 5G side, and select the mini-slot with the most remaining available resource blocks among all feasible mini-slots as the mini-slot for 5G scheduling. The injection offset slot on the TSN side is expressed as: Among them, is the index of the scheduling mini-slot, indicating the number of transmission hops; After selecting the 5G transmission mini-slot, select the one with the optimal channel quality from the available resource blocks in the mini-slot, that is, the maximum |h ij | 2 consecutive resource blocks, and set the corresponding to 1, and calculate the actual data volume required for each resource block. The formula is as follows: Among them, is the data packet length, is the selected resource block; Select the lowest-order modulation and coding and signal-to-noise ratio that meet the transmission requirements according to the actual transmission, and calculate the minimum transmission power that meets the transmission requirements according to the channel gain of the selected resource block; For the eMBB service flow, adopt a uniform allocation strategy. After the URLLC scheduling is completed, calculate the remaining resource block quantity of each mini-slot: Among them, f J is the total number of resource blocks of the mini-slot, indicating the number of resource blocks occupied by URLLC; Conduct a quantitative analysis of the remaining available transmission power, and its expression is: Among them, P max is the maximum allocated power of the base station for each mini-slot, indicating the power that has been used; Calculate the average transmission power of each resource block according to the remaining transmission power and resource blocks: According to P avg Calculate the minimum signal-to-noise ratio of the remaining resource blocks, and dynamically select the highest-order modulation and coding according to the minimum signal-to-noise ratio of the subframe to maximize the eMBB throughput under the premise of meeting the power constraint.

10. The 5G-TSN cross-domain scheduling method according to claim 9, wherein Maximize the eMBB throughput subject to the power constraint, and the objective function for maximizing the eMBB throughput is expressed as: Among them is the actual throughput of the eMBB traffic flow , N is the total number of eMBB traffic flows; The only constraint on resource blocks is: Among them is the resource block RB for allocation ij is a binary decision variable, and this constraint indicates that the resource block RB ij can only be allocated to one traffic flow; The URLLC period constraint is: Among them, is the resource block binary decision variable of the URLLC flow, α is the index parameter of the data packet in the periodic sequence, and T is the super-period, c and is the period of ij This constraint means that after the resource block RB is allocated to the URLLC flow The power constraint is: where and are the decision variables for the URLLC stream and the eMBB stream with respect to the resource block RB ij . and are the transmit powers of the URLLC stream and the eMBB stream allocated to the RB ij . P max is the maximum transmit power of the base station for the mini-slot. This constraint means that the transmit power allocated to the traffic flow in a single mini-slot cannot exceed the maximum transmit power of the base station; The latency constraint is: where is the actual transmission delay of the flow , and is the upper bound of the allowable delay of the flow . This constraint means that the actual transmission delay of the flow cannot exceed its upper bound of the allowable delay; The transmission timing synchronization constraint is: Among them, is the transmission delay in the TSN domain, is the transmission start mini-slot in the 5G domain. This constraint requires that the transmission of URLLC traffic flows in the TSN domain must be completed before the resource scheduling in the 5G domain is started; The transmission capacity constraint is: Among them, is the URLLC flow is the decision variable ij regarding the resource block RB is the maximum transmission capacity of the selected resource block for the flow is the packet length of the flow. This constraint means that the transmission capacity of the resource block selected for the URLLC service must strictly meet its packet length requirement; The throughput constraint is: Among them is the actual throughput of the eMBB traffic flow , and is the target throughput of the traffic flow . This constraint means that the actual throughput of the eMBB traffic flow in selecting resource blocks meets its target throughput; The queue capacity constraint is: Among them, the binary variable represents the occupancy status of the TSN domain queue. When and only when it is the case that it represents the URLLC flow transmitted through link e in the i-th mini-slot, where k is the injection time offset, is the number of hops of the path to link e k is the packet index parameter, represents the number of mini-slots corresponding to the packet interval, t I represents the total number of mini-slots included in the supercycle, is the packet length of the flow k is the link e k connected switch queue capacity.​​

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