Acipenser sinensis propagation and releasing device based on beidou navigation system and control circuit thereof

Abstract

The application provides a Chinese sturgeon propagation and releasing device based on a Beidou navigation system and a control circuit thereof, which comprises a low-power control module and a Beidou third-generation communication module arranged on a main control panel and used for periodically controlling a sensor to collect data about Chinese sturgeons when the time of disengagement has not arrived; and further comprises a positioning wave band module, an L wave band module and an S wave band module arranged on an antenna control panel and connected with a positioning wave band antenna, an L wave band antenna and an S wave band antenna of the Beidou third generation respectively; wherein, the low-power control module is internally provided with a first power switch sub-module, a second power switch sub-module and a third power switch sub-module; the application has the beneficial effects that: all the materials of the components of the application are completely domestic, and secondly, the device is internally provided with the latest Beidou third-generation short message transmission module, combined with the ultra-low power consumption technology, the customized Beidou linear polarization antenna technology and the underwater disengagement technology, the completely self-controllable Chinese sturgeon propagation and releasing device is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of Chinese sturgeon breeding and release devices, and in particular to a Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the Beidou navigation system and its control circuit. Background Technology

[0002] The Chinese sturgeon is a rare and endangered species endemic to my country, hailed as a "living fossil" of the water, possessing extremely high ecological and scientific research value. Since the 1980s, my country has conducted large-scale artificial breeding and release programs. Currently, the breeding and release of Chinese sturgeon mainly relies on artificial propagation and tagging techniques. The tagging and release program currently faces the following main problems:

[0003] 1. Reliance on imported equipment leads to the following problems: 1) High costs: Imported equipment is expensive, not only in terms of procurement but also in terms of maintenance and replacement parts, increasing the economic burden on Chinese sturgeon conservation efforts. 2) Insufficient adaptability: Imported release devices are often designed based on the needs of foreign aquatic species and may not fully meet the biological characteristics of Chinese sturgeon and the characteristics of my country's aquatic environment. For example, some imported equipment may not be effectively adapted to the hydrological conditions of the Yangtze River basin during release, affecting the release effect.

[0004] 2. Data security issues are serious. This model brings the following risks: 1) Data privacy leaks. 2) Unstable data access. 3) Slow response speed.

[0005] 3. The procurement cycle is long, making it difficult to synchronize with domestic release plans. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device and its control circuit based on the Beidou navigation system, so as to solve the problems of existing technologies such as reliance on imported equipment, data security issues, long procurement cycles, and difficulty in synchronizing with domestic release plans.

[0007] To achieve the above and other related objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the BeiDou navigation system includes a protective shell and a protective cover installed on the protective shell. The end of the protective shell away from the protective cover is provided with a detachment device that is attached to the Chinese sturgeon by a steel wire rope. The protective shell contains a main control panel with a main control circuit. The protective shell also contains a miniature battery for powering the main control circuit. The protective cover contains an antenna control panel and three BeiDou linearly polarized antennas of different frequency bands. The antenna control panel has an antenna control circuit connected to the main control circuit and the three BeiDou linearly polarized antennas. The ends of the three BeiDou linearly polarized antennas away from the antenna control panel pass through the protective cover and extend outside the protective cover.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the three Beidou linear polarized antennas are respectively a positioning band antenna, an L-band antenna, and an S-band antenna of Beidou-3. The Beidou linear polarized antenna includes an antenna feed line, and the outer surface of the antenna feed line is provided with a protective layer. The protective layer in this technical solution is made of composite silicone material.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the protective shell includes a first shell and a second shell integrally formed with the first shell. The main control panel and the micro battery are located inside the first shell. A micro motor located below the main control panel is installed inside the second shell. A threaded post is connected to the output shaft of the micro motor. A threaded groove matching the threaded post is opened in the release member. Two limiting members are installed on the release member. A limiting groove matching the limiting member is opened in the second shell.

[0011] A control circuit for a Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the BeiDou navigation system is disclosed. The device includes a low-power control module on the main control panel for periodically controlling sensors to collect data about the Chinese sturgeon before the release time, and a BeiDou-3 communication module for wireless communication with a BeiDou satellite server. It also includes a positioning band module, an L-band module, and an S-band module on the antenna control panel, respectively connected to a BeiDou-3 positioning band antenna, an L-band antenna, and an S-band antenna. The low-power control module is connected to the BeiDou-3 communication module, which in turn is connected to the positioning band module, the L-band module, and the S-band module. The low-power control module contains a first power switch submodule for controlling the power switch of the BeiDou-3 communication module, a second power switch submodule for controlling the power switch of the sensors, and a third power switch submodule for controlling the power switch of the micro-motor.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the low-power control module includes a low-power MCU chip and a sensor chip. Two control terminals of the low-power MCU chip are connected to the Beidou-3 communication module, two control terminals of the low-power MCU chip are connected to the sensor chip, and three control terminals of the low-power MCU chip are respectively connected to the first power switch submodule, the second power switch submodule, and the third power switch submodule.

[0013] The first power switch submodule includes a first field-effect transistor (FET), the gate of which is connected to the low-power MCU chip via several circuit components. The second power switch submodule includes a second FET, the gate of which is connected to the low-power MCU chip via several circuit components. The third power switch submodule includes a third FET and a connector, the gate of which is connected to the low-power MCU chip via several circuit components, and the drain of which is connected to one of the control terminals of the connector.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the BeiDou-3 communication module includes a BeiDou-3 communication chip, a first interface connected to the positioning band module, a second interface connected to the L-band module, and a third interface connected to the S-band module. Two control terminals of the BeiDou-3 communication chip are respectively connected to the low-power control module through resistors. Two control terminals of the BeiDou-3 communication chip are each connected to the first interface through several circuit components. Two control terminals of the BeiDou-3 communication chip are each connected to the second interface through two circuit components. One control terminal of the BeiDou-3 communication chip is connected to the third interface through a capacitor.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the positioning band module includes a fourth interface connected to the positioning band antenna of the BeiDou-3 system, a fifth interface connected to the BeiDou-3 communication module, and other circuit components. One end of the fourth interface is connected to the positive terminals of the first capacitor and the second capacitor, respectively. One end of the fourth interface is connected to the positive terminal of the third capacitor through the first inductor. One end of the fourth interface is connected to the fourth capacitor through the first inductor and the first resistor. One end of the fourth interface is also connected to the fifth interface through the first inductor and the first resistor. The other end of the fourth interface and the negative terminals of the first capacitor to the fourth capacitor are all grounded.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the L-band module includes a sixth interface connected to the BeiDou-3 L-band antenna, a seventh interface connected to the BeiDou-3 communication module, and other circuit components. One end of the sixth interface is connected to the positive terminal of the fifth capacitor through a second inductor. Another end of the sixth interface is also connected to the positive terminal of the sixth capacitor through a second inductor and a second resistor. Another end of the sixth interface is also connected to the seventh interface through a second inductor, a second resistor, and a third inductor. The other end of the sixth interface, the negative terminals of the fifth capacitor, and the sixth capacitor are all grounded.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the S-band module includes an eighth interface connected to the S-band antenna of the BeiDou-3 system, a ninth interface connected to the BeiDou-3 communication module, and other circuit components. One end of the eighth interface is connected to the positive terminal of the seventh capacitor through a fourth inductor. Another end of the eighth interface is also connected to the positive terminal of the eighth capacitor through a fourth inductor and a third resistor. Another end of the eighth interface is also connected to the ninth interface through a fourth inductor, a third resistor, and a fifth inductor. The other end of the eighth interface, the negative terminals of the seventh capacitor, and the eighth capacitor are all grounded.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the device further includes a first voltage regulator module disposed on the main control panel for providing a stable voltage to the low-power control module, a second voltage regulator module for providing a stable voltage to the Beidou-3 communication module and the micro motor, and a third voltage regulator module for providing a stable voltage to the sensor. The first voltage regulator module includes a first voltage regulator chip, the second voltage regulator module includes a second voltage regulator chip, and the third voltage regulator module includes a third voltage regulator chip.

[0019] As described above, the Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device and its control circuit based on the Beidou navigation system of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The Beidou linear polarized antenna in this invention can achieve efficient electromagnetic wave radiation within a small size by optimizing the structure and using efficient radiating materials; at the same time, this invention is based on the fact that the smallest Beidou ceramic antenna on the market cannot meet the requirements of size and weight, so a Beidou linear polarized antenna is designed separately to meet the special application scenario of Chinese sturgeon breeding and release, with an ultra-small size and weight design.

[0021] 2. This invention features ultra-low power consumption. If the set separation time has not been reached, the low-power MCU chip will turn on the underwater temperature sensor, record the temperature data, and then enter a sleep state. The low-power MCU chip can turn off the power to the Beidou-3 communication module, sensor, and micro motor through the first power switch submodule, the second power switch submodule, and the third power switch submodule, thereby minimizing the power consumption of the device and significantly extending battery life.

[0022] 3. In this invention, when the scheduled detachment time arrives, the low-power MCU chip can control the micro motor to rotate, thereby causing the threaded column to rotate within the threaded groove. Under the action of the limiting component, the main body of the Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device can be separated from the detachment component, thus solving the problem that the imported release device currently uses the method of melting the heating wire for detachment. This heating detachment method has the possibility of failure when carried out underwater. In addition, heating requires more battery capacity, which will increase the weight and volume of the device.

[0023] Therefore, all the materials used in this invention are domestically produced. Furthermore, the device incorporates the latest BeiDou-3 short message transmission module, combined with ultra-low power consumption technology, customized BeiDou linear polarized antenna technology, and underwater detachment technology, thus realizing a completely independent and controllable Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 The image shown is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the Beidou navigation system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a front view of the Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the Beidou navigation system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a front cross-sectional view of the Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the Beidou navigation system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a bottom-view perspective of the protective cover and protective shell in the Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the Beidou navigation system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 The diagram shows a three-dimensional schematic of the detachment component in the Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the Beidou navigation system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 The diagram shows the overall dimensions of the Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the Beidou navigation system in this invention.

[0030] Figure 7 The diagram shows the overall dimensions of the PCB board for the antenna control panel in this invention.

[0031] Figure 8 The diagram shown is a physical schematic of the PCB board of the antenna control panel in this invention;

[0032] Figure 9 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view between the protective shell and the detachment component in this invention.

[0033] Figure 10 The diagram shows a physical representation of the protective shell and the detachment component in this invention.

[0034] Figure 11 This is a block diagram showing the overall structure of the control circuit of the Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the Beidou navigation system in the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 12 The diagram shown is an overall circuit schematic of the control circuit of the Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the Beidou navigation system in the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 13 The diagram shown is a circuit schematic of the low-power control module in this invention.

[0037] Figure 14 The diagram shown is a circuit schematic of the first power switch submodule in this invention.

[0038] Figure 15 The diagram shown is a circuit schematic of the second power switch submodule in this invention.

[0039] Figure 16 The diagram shown is a circuit schematic of the third power switch submodule in this invention.

[0040] Figure 17 The diagram shown is a circuit schematic of the BeiDou-3 communication module in this invention.

[0041] Figure 18 The diagram shown is a circuit schematic of the positioning band module in this invention.

[0042] Figure 19 The diagram shown is a circuit schematic of the L-band module in this invention.

[0043] Figure 20 The diagram shown is a circuit schematic of the S-band module in this invention.

[0044] Figure 21 The diagram shown is a circuit schematic of the first voltage regulator module in this invention.

[0045] Figure 22 The diagram shown is a circuit schematic of the second voltage regulator module in this invention.

[0046] Figure 23 The diagram shown is the circuit schematic of the third voltage regulator module in this invention.

[0047] Figure 24 The diagram shows the input power consumption of the low-power MCU in this invention.

[0048] Figure 25 The diagram shows the workflow of the Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device in this invention.

[0049] Component designation explanation

[0050] 1. Protective shell; 101. First shell; 102. Second shell; 2. Protective cover; 3. Removal part; 4. Positioning band antenna; 5. L-band antenna; 6. S-band antenna; 7. First through hole; 8. Threaded groove; 9. Limiting part; 10. Limiting groove; 11. Second through hole. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other.

[0052] The first embodiment of the present invention relates to a Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the BeiDou navigation system. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 1 to 5 The device includes a protective shell 1 and a protective cover 2 threadedly connected to the protective shell 1. The end of the protective shell 1 away from the protective cover 2 is provided with a detachment part 3 that is installed on the Chinese sturgeon by a steel wire rope. The detachment part 3 has a first through hole 7, through which the steel wire rope passes and is installed on the Chinese sturgeon. The protective shell 1 contains a main control panel with a main control circuit. The protective shell 1 also contains a micro battery for powering the main control circuit. The ultra-low power consumption design is a very important function of the Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device. Due to size and weight limitations, the battery of the Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device must be a micro battery, so the power of the entire device is limited.

[0053] The protective shell 1 includes a first shell 101 and a second shell 102 integrally formed with the first shell 101. The main control panel and the micro battery are located inside the first shell 101. A micro motor located below the main control panel is installed inside the second shell 102. A threaded post is connected to the output shaft of the micro motor. A threaded groove 8 matching the threaded post is opened in the release member 3. A second through hole 11 is opened in the second shell 102. The threaded post passes through the second through hole 11 and is threadedly connected to the threaded groove 8. Two limiting members 9 are installed on the release member 3. A limiting groove 10 matching the limiting member 9 is opened in the second shell 102.

[0054] The protective cover 2 contains an antenna control panel and three BeiDou linearly polarized antennas of different bands. The three BeiDou linearly polarized antennas are the BeiDou-3 positioning band antenna 4, the L-band antenna 5, and the S-band antenna 6. The BeiDou linearly polarized antennas include antenna feed lines, and the outer surface of the antenna feed lines is covered with a protective layer made of composite silicone material. The antenna control panel is equipped with an antenna control circuit that is connected to the main control circuit and the three BeiDou linearly polarized antennas. The ends of the three BeiDou linearly polarized antennas that are away from the antenna control panel pass through the protective cover 2 and extend outside the protective cover 2.

[0055] Specifically, the BeiDou linearly polarized antenna: The BeiDou linearly polarized antenna radiates and receives electromagnetic waves using the principle of linear polarization. A key characteristic of linearly polarized antennas is that the direction of the radiated electric field vibration is fixed. These antennas are typically simple and can be adjusted in different directions as needed. Compared to traditional circularly polarized antennas (such as ceramic antennas), linearly polarized antennas have a simpler structure, smaller size, and lighter weight. Furthermore, since the Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device needs to be used in water for extended periods, the antenna's waterproof performance is crucial. The BeiDou linearly polarized antenna employs a sealed design, ensuring that the antenna can be submerged underwater for extended periods without damage. The antenna shell is made of waterproof material with a high waterproof rating, effectively preventing water and dirt from entering the antenna, thus ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment.

[0056] 1. Antenna Size: Optimizing the size of the BeiDou linearly polarized antenna is key to its lightweight design. Traditional ceramic antennas typically require a large surface area to achieve good gain and coverage, while linearly polarized antennas, through optimized structure and the use of efficient radiating materials, can achieve efficient electromagnetic wave radiation within a smaller size. The antenna length is usually controlled between tens of millimeters and 100 millimeters, and the width is narrow, effectively reducing weight. Figure 7 This is the dimensional diagram of the linearly polarized antenna PCB. The final control PCB diameter is 23mm. This size is the minimum area obtained by combining the size of the discharge device housing and the area requirement of the antenna signal on the reflective surface. Figure 8 In the process, three antenna feed lines are soldered on the antenna PCB, namely the positioning band, L-band and S-band of Beidou-3. The feed lines are protected by composite silicone material. The feed lines and silicone protective material can make the final antenna lighter and smaller in weight and size.

[0057] 2. Anti-interference design: The linearly polarized antenna, through meticulous design of its polarization direction and antenna array, and the rigorous design and testing of the distance and length of the three antennas in the positioning band, L-band, and S-band, effectively suppresses interference from other signal sources, ensuring stable data transmission even in complex aquatic environments. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation] for details. Figure 6 and Figure 7 ;

[0058] 3. Gain Optimization: Although the antenna size was reduced, the transmit power of the BeiDou-3 communication module (described below) was improved from 3W to 5W, achieving optimal gain performance. This was achieved by modifying the internal transmit power amplifier of the BeiDou-3 communication module. The default transmit power amplifier of the BeiDou-3 communication module is 3W; through customized methods, the internal transmit power amplifier of the BeiDou was adjusted to 5W. Appropriate gain ensures stable operation of the antenna in underwater environments and at long distances, ensuring that the positioning and information transmission of the release device on the sea surface are not affected. Furthermore, each linearly polarized antenna of each release device requires frequency matching and testing before finalization because the materials of the casing of each device may vary slightly, and BeiDou antennas are sensitive to such differences. Before assembly, with the assistance of a spectrum analyzer, the impedance values ​​on the antenna PCB were adjusted to ensure that the frequencies of the three antennas in the positioning band, L-band, and S-band were appropriate.

[0059] More specifically, the motor disengagement mode: The miniature waterproof motor in this invention drives the disengagement action of the device through the rotation or linear motion of the motor; unlike traditional fuse devices, the miniature motor adopts an electrical control method, which can precisely control the switching or movement of the release device at a predetermined time or under predetermined conditions, thereby achieving stable disengagement; before the final assembly of the Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device, the motor is reversed by a negative 3.3V, and the motor reversal pulls the disengagement component 3 into the release device. The limiting components 9 on both sides are also inserted into the release device simultaneously. This ensures that the disengagement component 3 remains stationary when the motor rotates, rather than moving with the motor. The motor rotates in the opposite direction, slowly pulling the detachment component 3 closer until it can no longer be pulled. When separation is required, the internal PCB provides a positive 5V to make the motor rotate in the forward direction, so the detachment component 3 will slowly exit from the discharge device. The reason why the voltage for separation is higher than the voltage for entry is to ensure that the torque for separation is much greater than the torque for entry, thereby ensuring the stability of separation. Considering that the device will be immersed in seawater for a long time, grease is applied to the contact area between the detachment component 3 and the discharge device. This is to prevent seawater corrosion and adhesion between the detachment component 3 and the discharge device, and also to enhance the waterproof effect of the motor.

[0060] The micro-motor features a highly waterproof design, ensuring long-term stable operation in underwater environments. Power is supplied by a PCB within the discharge device. The micro-motor is housed within the second housing 102, which is fully encapsulated with epoxy resin. High-strength sealing rings are used between the micro-motor and external contacts to guarantee complete waterproofing. Compared to traditional fusion-based methods, this invention's micro-waterproof motor method allows for more precise control of the disengagement process. For example, the disengagement action can be triggered at a predetermined time. The motor-driven disengagement mechanism ensures that each discharge device separates from the device at the appropriate moment, avoiding premature or delayed disengagement that may occur during fusion-based processes, thus guaranteeing the discharge effect. The motor-driven disengagement method is more stable, reducing the risks associated with traditional fusion-based devices. For instance, fusion-based devices may malfunction due to overheating or other factors, while the motor-driven method offers higher controllability and stability, maintaining stable performance over extended periods. For details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 9 and Figure 10 .

[0061] Furthermore, the design of ultra-small size and weight: one of the most important goals when designing a breeding and release device is to minimize the size and weight of the device. The device needs to be fixed to the back of the Chinese sturgeon. Any device that is too heavy or too large will affect the swimming ability of the Chinese sturgeon. An excessively large size will cause the device to generate too much resistance during swimming, thereby increasing the difficulty for the Chinese sturgeon to swim. An excessively heavy device will increase the pressure on the back of the Chinese sturgeon, causing unnecessary tension at the connection between the device and the Chinese sturgeon, which will affect the swimming freedom and health of the Chinese sturgeon.

[0062] Therefore, the design of the release device must precisely control its size and weight while ensuring its functionality. To achieve this goal, this invention utilizes lightweight, high-strength composite materials and optimized structural design, resulting in a significant reduction in the overall weight of the device while effectively controlling its size. Particularly in the design of the BeiDou linear polarized antenna, the innovative introduction of a linear polarized antenna optimizes the overall size and weight of the device, meeting the needs of the Chinese sturgeon during its swimming process. Besides size and weight, the buoyancy design of the release device is also crucial. In the design, the buoyancy of the release device needs to be slightly greater than its weight to ensure that the device can float freely after the Chinese sturgeon detaches and smoothly separate from its back. However, if the buoyancy is too great, the Chinese sturgeon... When swimming, it needs to overcome more buoyancy, which increases its swimming resistance and affects its free swimming. Therefore, the balance between buoyancy and gravity is particularly important. This invention, through precise calculations and simulation experiments, adopts appropriate materials and structural designs to make the buoyancy of the release device slightly greater than its gravity. It should be noted that the density of the antenna material, the shape of the device, and the buoyancy characteristics of other selected components have all been precisely calculated to ensure that the buoyancy and gravity of the overall device are within the ideal range, thereby achieving the optimal release effect. The final device weighs about 82g and has a buoyancy of about 95g. Due to individual differences, each device is filled with epoxy resin during the finalization process to control the weight of the device to be fixed at about 82g. Table 1 lists the weight of each component of the release device.

[0063] Table 1

[0064]

[0065] The second embodiment of the present invention relates to a control circuit for a Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the BeiDou navigation system. Please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 11 and Figure 12 It includes: a low-power control module and a BeiDou-3 communication module set on the main control panel, and a positioning band module, an L-band module and an S-band module set on the antenna control panel. The BeiDou-3 communication module can also be called the BeiDou-3 short message module. The low-power control module is equipped with a first power switch submodule, a second power switch submodule and a third power switch submodule.

[0066] Please see Figures 13 to 16The low-power control module includes a low-power MCU chip, a sensor chip, and other circuit components. The first power switch submodule includes a first transistor, a first field-effect transistor, and other circuit components. The second power switch submodule includes a second transistor, a second field-effect transistor, and other circuit components. The third power switch submodule includes a third transistor, a third field-effect transistor, a connector, and other circuit components. In this embodiment, the low-power MCU chip is the Xiaohua HC32L130F8UA from China Electronics Corporation, the sensor chip is the SHT30, and the first to third field-effect transistors are all SK2307A. The following description uses the low-power MCU chip U8, the sensor chip U4, the first transistor Q17, the first field-effect transistor Q9, the second transistor Q15, the second field-effect transistor Q8, the third transistor Q19, the third field-effect transistor Q11, and the connector P8 as examples.

[0067] Pins 8 and 9 of the low-power MCU chip U8 are two control terminals, both of which are connected to the Beidou-3 communication module; pins 19 and 20 of the low-power MCU chip U8 are two control terminals, both of which are connected to the sensor chip U4; pins 11, 14, and 24 of the low-power MCU chip are three control terminals, respectively connected to the first power switch submodule, the second power switch submodule, and the third power switch submodule; wherein, in this embodiment, the sensor chip U4 is a temperature and humidity sensor;

[0068] The base of the first transistor Q17 is connected to the low-power control module through the eleventh resistor R11. The collector of the first transistor Q17 is connected to the gate of the first field-effect transistor Q9. The collector of the first transistor Q17 is also connected to the voltage source and the source of the first field-effect transistor Q9 through the second resistor R2. The emitter of the first transistor Q17 is grounded, and the drain of the first field-effect transistor Q9 is connected to the voltage source. The low-power MCU chip U8 controls the power switch of the Beidou-3 communication module by controlling the conduction and turn-off of the first field-effect transistor Q9.

[0069] The base of the second transistor Q15 is connected to the low-power control module through the twenty-first resistor R21. The collector of the second transistor Q15 is connected to the gate of the second field-effect transistor Q8. The collector of the second transistor Q15 is also connected to the voltage source and the source of the second field-effect transistor Q8 through the twenty resistor R20. The emitter of the second transistor Q15 is grounded, and the drain of the second field-effect transistor Q8 is connected to the voltage source. The low-power MCU chip U8 controls the power switch of the temperature and humidity sensor by controlling the conduction and turn-off of the second field-effect transistor Q8.

[0070] The base of the third transistor Q19 is connected to the low-power control module through the eighteenth resistor R18. The collector of the third transistor Q19 is connected to the gate of the third field-effect transistor Q11. The collector of the third transistor Q19 is also connected to the voltage source and the source of the third field-effect transistor Q11 through the nineteenth resistor R19. The emitter of the third transistor Q19 is grounded. The drain of the third field-effect transistor Q11 is connected to one of the control terminals of the connector P8. The other control terminal of the connector P8 is grounded. The connector P8 is used to connect to the micro motor. The low-power MCU chip U8 controls the power switch of the micro motor by controlling the conduction and cutoff of the third field-effect transistor Q11.

[0071] Please see Figure 17 The Beidou-3 communication module includes a Beidou-3 communication chip, a first interface, a second interface, a third interface, and other circuit components. In this embodiment, the Beidou-3 communication chip used is the XM1305E from Guangdong Hailiao. The following description uses the Beidou-3 communication chip U1, the first interface J2, the second interface J3, and the third interface J4 as examples.

[0072] Pins 10 and 11 of the BeiDou-3 communication chip U1 are two control terminals. Pins 10 and 11 of the BeiDou-3 communication chip U1 are connected to the low-power control module via resistors R10 (10th resistor) and R9 (9th resistor), respectively. Pin 10 of the BeiDou-3 communication chip U1 is connected to pin 2 of the positioning chip U2 via resistors R10 (10th resistor) and R6 (6th resistor). Pin 11 of the BeiDou-3 communication chip U1 is connected to pin 3 of the positioning chip U2 via resistors R9 (9th resistor) and R25 (25th resistor). Pin 11 of the positioning chip U2 is connected to the first interface J2 via resistor R3. The first interface J2 is used to communicate with… The positioning band antenna 4 of the Beidou-3 is connected; pins 17 and 18 of the Beidou-3 communication chip U1 are two control terminals, both of which are connected to the control chip P6. Pin 6 of the control chip P6 is connected to the second interface J3 through the ninth capacitor C9. The second interface J3 is used to connect to the Beidou-3 L-band antenna 5; pin 23 of the Beidou-3 communication chip U1 is one of the control terminals, and pin 23 of the Beidou-3 communication chip U1 is connected to the third interface J4 through the tenth capacitor C10. The third interface J4 is used to connect to the Beidou-3 S-band antenna 6.

[0073] Please see Figure 18 and Figure 20The positioning band module includes a fourth interface connected to the BeiDou-3 positioning band antenna 4, a fifth interface connected to the BeiDou-3 communication module, and other circuit components. The L-band module includes a sixth interface connected to the BeiDou-3 L-band antenna 5, a seventh interface connected to the BeiDou-3 communication module, and other circuit components. The S-band module includes an eighth interface connected to the BeiDou-3 S-band antenna 6, a ninth interface connected to the BeiDou-3 communication module, and other circuit components. The following explanation will use the fourth interface P3, the sixth interface P1, and the eighth interface P2 as examples.

[0074] One end of the fourth interface P3 is connected to the positive terminals of the first capacitor C9 and the second capacitor C8 respectively. One end of the fourth interface P3 is connected to the positive terminal of the third capacitor C3 through the first inductor L1. One end of the fourth interface P3 is connected to the fourth capacitor C2 through the first inductor L1 and the first resistor R1. One end of the fourth interface P3 is also connected to the fifth interface through the first inductor L1 and the first resistor R1. The other end of the fourth interface P3 and the negative terminals of the first capacitor C9 to the fourth capacitor C2 are all grounded. Here, L1 is an inductor, R1 is a resistor, and C9, C8, C3, and C2 are capacitors. They form the π-type circuit of the Beidou positioning band.

[0075] One end of the sixth interface P1 is connected to the positive terminal of the fifth capacitor C5 through the second inductor L4. One end of the sixth interface P1 is also connected to the positive terminal of the sixth capacitor C4 through the second inductor L4 and the second resistor R2. One end of the sixth interface P1 is also connected to the seventh interface through the second inductor L4, the second resistor R2 and the third inductor L2. The other end of the sixth interface P1, the negative terminals of the fifth capacitor C5 and the sixth capacitor C4 are all grounded. Among them, L4 and L2 are inductors, C4 and C5 are capacitors, and R2 is a resistor. They form the L-band matching circuit. By adjusting the values ​​of the inductors and capacitors, the matching resistance is kept at 50 ohms.

[0076] One end of the eighth interface P2 is connected to the positive terminal of the seventh capacitor C6 through the fourth inductor L5. One end of the eighth interface P2 is also connected to the positive terminal of the eighth capacitor C7 through the fourth inductor L5 and the third resistor R3. One end of the eighth interface P2 is also connected to the ninth interface through the fourth inductor L5, the third resistor R3 and the fifth inductor L3. The other end of the eighth interface P2, the negative terminals of the seventh capacitor C6 and the eighth capacitor C7 are all grounded. Among them, L5 and L3 are inductors, C6 and C7 are capacitors, and R3 is a resistor. They form the matching circuit of the S-band.

[0077] Please see Figure 11 It also includes a first voltage regulator module, a second voltage regulator module, and a third voltage regulator module, which are installed on the main control panel.

[0078] Please see Figures 21 to 23The first voltage regulator module includes a first voltage regulator chip and other circuit components; the second voltage regulator module includes a second voltage regulator chip and other circuit components; and the third voltage regulator module includes a third voltage regulator chip and other circuit components. In this embodiment, the first voltage regulator chip is model HT7333-7, the second voltage regulator chip is model TLV62130RGTR, and the third voltage regulator chip is model HT7133-1. In this embodiment, the first voltage regulator chip is U12, the second voltage regulator chip is U3, and the third voltage regulator chip is U5.

[0079] Specifically, the low-power hardware design is as follows: In the hardware architecture of this system, the power supply system is the core, which supplies power to the Beidou-3 communication module and the low-power MCU. Since there are different supply voltages in the entire hardware circuit, there are multiple DC-DC conversion circuits in the design process. To achieve better low-power performance, the conversion efficiency of the DC-DC circuits should be maximized. The device will generate nearly 2A of current at the moment of starting Beidou. Therefore, the main power supply design must consider the case of instantaneous large current. It is necessary to prevent the external input voltage from being pulled down due to instantaneous large current, which would cause the low-power MCU to malfunction. Large current and low power consumption are contradictory aspects in this power supply system. Therefore, the power supply must balance these two points to achieve a power supply system that can provide a large instantaneous current while also having good low-power performance. The low-power MCU and the Beidou-3 circuit are connected via a serial port. The power supply of the Beidou-3 communication module is controlled by the low-power MCU. The specific time for sleep mode and the duration of sleep mode are obtained by the low-power MCU after running the task.

[0080] The description of the first voltage regulator chip U12 is as follows: The power management system design is part of the system hardware structure. Since the low-power MCU needs to be continuously powered, and the supply voltage of a low-power MCU is generally 2V to 3.6V, while the power input is generally 7V or 12V, it is necessary to regulate the higher input power to 3.3V to power the low-power MCU. Furthermore, the static power consumption of the voltage regulator chip must be very low; otherwise, the battery power will be quickly depleted. Therefore, the HT7333-7 voltage regulator chip U12, also known as the first voltage regulator chip U12, is selected here. Figure 24 This refers to the operating current of the HT7333-7, which can achieve a static power consumption of less than 2uA. This is the continuous power consumption generated by the entire hardware system. When the entire system enters low power mode, the low-power microcontroller is still running, but with extremely low power consumption.

[0081] The description of the second voltage regulator chip U3 is as follows: The Beidou-3 communication module and the micro motor ultimately require a voltage of 3.3V to 4V, and a current of nearly 2A is generated during network connection. Therefore, when designing the circuit to regulate 12V to 4V, it is necessary to ensure that the circuit can provide 4V voltage while also guaranteeing a discharge current of more than 2A. Otherwise, during Beidou network connection, it may pull down the voltage at the front end, causing abnormalities in the entire system. Figure 22 It is a DC12V to DC4V voltage regulator circuit, using TLV62130RGTR, with an output voltage range of 0.9V to 5.5V and a current capacity of 3A, which can be well adapted to the design of this device.

[0082] The description of the third voltage regulator chip U5 is as follows: The third voltage regulator chip U5 is used to provide a stable voltage to the temperature and humidity sensor. In normal operating mode, peripheral sensors and other devices require external power. Since the external power source for this system is a battery, which is characterized by unstable voltage, the battery voltage needs to be regulated before connecting the external power source. This voltage stabilization is achieved using the HT7133-1. The output voltage of this circuit is approximately 3.3V. For details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 23 ;

[0083] It should be noted that the micro battery supplies power to the low-power MCU through the first voltage regulator module. When the main switch (second MOSFET Q8) is turned on, the second and third voltage regulator modules are powered on. The micro battery supplies power to the temperature and humidity sensor through the third voltage regulator module. When the first MOSFET Q9 and the third MOSFET Q11 are turned on, the micro battery supplies power to the Beidou-3 communication module and the micro motor respectively through the second voltage regulator module. When the low-power MCU needs to perform low-power sleep mode, it first turns off the power to the Beidou-3 communication module and all other peripheral circuits. The second power switch submodule in this invention is a main power switch controlled by a MOSFET. After the main power is turned off, its static power consumption is less than 1uA, which is within the design range of this system.

[0084] More specifically, low-power software design: Deep sleep software consists of two main parts: the first part is which logic will enter deep sleep, and the second part is how to enter deep sleep.

[0085] 1. Conditions for Deep Sleep: The system will enter deep sleep mode under three conditions: 1) When low battery is detected multiple times consecutively, the system will collect a low voltage signal each time it wakes up. If a low battery alarm is detected, the low battery level will be incremented. Once multiple low battery alarms occur consecutively, the system will immediately enter sleep mode to ensure that the battery is not damaged due to over-discharge. If the number of low battery alarms does not exceed the limit, the system will not enter sleep mode. This is mainly to prevent the voltage from being misjudged due to a temporary voltage drop caused by BeiDou dialing; 2) If the system wakes up and finds that it is not yet time to disconnect, the device will not need to wake up the data collection device. Instead, it will directly enter sleep mode for a fixed period of time to conserve power; 3) When the device is floating on the sea surface, but the BeiDou connection fails due to weather conditions, it needs to enter sleep mode and wait for the next reconnection to BeiDou.

[0086] 2. Deep Sleep Logic: Before executing deep sleep, all external power supplies need to be turned off, and all I / O of the low-power MCU needs to be set to pull-down mode. Deep sleep is woken up by RTC, so the RTC interrupt needs to be set before sleep. The entire deep sleep logic has a strict sequential definition. First, all external communication serial ports need to be turned off. Then, the core configuration data in memory is written to EEPROM (programmable read-only memory) for easy loading and use during the next wake-up. Then, the low-power mode is set by software.

[0087] To elaborate further, the workflow of the discharge device (see details below) Figure 25 During device initialization, a predetermined detachment time is set, which can be 3 months, 6 months, or 1 year. This is the critical moment for the device to detach from the Chinese sturgeon. When the device is installed and operating on the Chinese sturgeon, it will periodically wake up to check whether the set detachment time has been reached. If the set detachment time has not been reached, the device will turn on the underwater temperature sensor, record the temperature data, and then continue to hibernate. If the detachment time has been reached, the device will also record the current temperature data and turn on the motor power to detach the motor. After detachment, the device will hibernate for a fixed period of 4 hours to allow sufficient time for the device to surface. After 4 hours, the device will wake up and turn on the power of the Beidou-3 communication module to attempt to search for Beidou satellites. If the satellite signal meets the requirements for positioning and sending short messages, the device will attempt to send sensor data and positioning data to the Beidou satellite server. If, due to weather or other reasons, the Beidou satellite signal does not meet the requirements for positioning and sending short messages, the device will hibernate for a period of time and wait for the next wake-up to continue to attempt to search for satellite signals and send data.

[0088] In summary, 1. This invention employs an ultra-small BeiDou linearly polarized antenna: Generally, BeiDou third-generation short message antennas use ceramic antennas. Depending on the application scenario, the size and weight of ceramic antennas vary, but overall, their volume and weight tend to be large. However, the Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device is worn on the back of the Chinese sturgeon during release, so the weight and volume of the product itself must be as small as possible. Based on this special application scenario, the smallest BeiDou ceramic antenna on the market cannot meet the requirements for volume and weight. Therefore, a BeiDou linearly polarized antenna was designed separately to meet the special application scenario of Chinese sturgeon breeding and release.

[0089] 2. This invention adopts an ultra-low power consumption design: Before release, the release device is configured with a detachment time. After configuration, the release device is installed on the body of the Chinese sturgeon. Due to the limitations of device size and weight, the built-in battery capacity is only 3.7V / 300mA. Therefore, the release device needs extremely low power consumption during the dormancy process before detachment to save as much power as possible for the final detachment and BeiDou message transmission. Ultra-low power MCU and hardware circuits are used in the design of the device, so that the device has extremely low power consumption during dormancy.

[0090] 3. This invention adopts a motor-disengagement mode: Currently imported release devices use a heating wire melting method for disengagement. This heating disengagement method has the possibility of failure underwater. In addition, heating requires more battery capacity, which will increase the weight and size of the device. The disengagement method of this invention uses a micro motor for disengagement. When the scheduled disengagement time arrives, the low-power processor will be awakened and then control the motor to rotate, so that the main body of the release device separates from the disengagement device. Since the buoyancy of the release device is slightly greater than the gravity in the design, the release device will start to float after disengagement, thereby further realizing the transmission of Beidou messages.

[0091] 4. This invention employs an ultra-small size and weight design: The stock enhancement and release device has very stringent requirements for size and weight. The device is fixed to the back of the Chinese sturgeon during release, so the weight and size of the release device must be minimized to reduce the pulling force on the Chinese sturgeon during its swimming. The overall buoyancy of the release device must be slightly greater than its weight, otherwise the device will not float properly after detachment. However, the buoyancy cannot be too much greater than the weight, otherwise the Chinese sturgeon will have to overcome more buoyancy during its swimming. Due to the stringent requirements for size and weight, this invention studies the BeiDou linear polarized antenna scheme, because the size and weight of the BeiDou antenna will directly determine the final size and weight of the entire release device.

[0092] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. All equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in this invention should still be covered by the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the BeiDou navigation system, characterized in that: The device includes a protective shell (1) and a protective cover (2) mounted on the protective shell (1). The protective shell (1) is provided with a detachment part (3) that is installed on the Chinese sturgeon by a steel wire rope at the end away from the protective cover (2). The protective shell (1) is provided with a main control panel, which is provided with a main control circuit. The protective shell (1) is also provided with a miniature battery for powering the main control circuit. The protective cover (2) is provided with an antenna control panel and three Beidou linear polarized antennas of different bands. The antenna control panel is provided with an antenna control circuit connected to the main control circuit and the three Beidou linear polarized antennas. The ends of the three Beidou linear polarized antennas that are away from the antenna control panel pass through the protective cover (2) and extend to the outside of the protective cover (2). The three Beidou linear polarized antennas are respectively a positioning band antenna (4), an L-band antenna (5), and an S-band antenna (6) of Beidou-3. The Beidou linear polarized antenna includes an antenna feed line, and the outer surface of the antenna feed line is provided with a protective layer. The protective shell (1) includes a first shell (101) and a second shell (102) integrally formed with the first shell (101). The main control panel and the micro battery are located inside the first shell (101). A micro motor located below the main control panel is installed inside the second shell (102). A threaded post is connected to the output shaft of the micro motor. A threaded groove (8) matching the threaded post is opened in the release member (3). Two limiting members (9) are installed on the release member (3). A limiting groove (10) matching the limiting member (9) is opened in the second shell (102).

2. A control circuit for a Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the BeiDou navigation system, characterized in that: The Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the Beidou navigation system according to claim 1 includes a low-power control module installed on the main control panel for periodically controlling sensors to collect data about Chinese sturgeon before the release time, and a Beidou-3 communication module for wireless communication with the Beidou satellite server; it also includes a positioning band module, an L-band module, and an S-band module installed on the antenna control panel and respectively connected to the Beidou-3 positioning band antenna (4), L-band antenna (5), and S-band antenna (6), wherein the low-power control module is connected to the Beidou-3 communication module, and the Beidou-3 communication module is respectively connected to the positioning band module, L-band module, and S-band module; The low-power control module includes a first power switch submodule for controlling the power switch of the Beidou-3 communication module, a second power switch submodule for controlling the power switch of the sensor, and a third power switch submodule for controlling the power switch of the micro motor.

3. The control circuit of the Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the Beidou navigation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The low-power control module includes a low-power MCU chip and a sensor chip. Two control terminals of the low-power MCU chip are connected to the Beidou-3 communication module, two control terminals of the low-power MCU chip are connected to the sensor chip, and three control terminals of the low-power MCU chip are respectively connected to the first power switch submodule, the second power switch submodule, and the third power switch submodule. The first power switch submodule includes a first field-effect transistor (FET), the gate of which is connected to the low-power MCU chip via several circuit components. The second power switch submodule includes a second FET, the gate of which is connected to the low-power MCU chip via several circuit components. The third power switch submodule includes a third FET and a connector, the gate of which is connected to the low-power MCU chip via several circuit components, and the drain of which is connected to one of the control terminals of the connector.

4. The control circuit of the Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the Beidou navigation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The BeiDou-3 communication module includes a BeiDou-3 communication chip, a first interface connected to the positioning band module, a second interface connected to the L-band module, and a third interface connected to the S-band module. Two control terminals of the BeiDou-3 communication chip are connected to the low-power control module via resistors. Two control terminals of the BeiDou-3 communication chip are each connected to the first interface via several circuit components. Two control terminals of the BeiDou-3 communication chip are each connected to the second interface via two circuit components. One control terminal of the BeiDou-3 communication chip is connected to the third interface via a capacitor.

5. The control circuit of the Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the Beidou navigation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning band module includes a fourth interface connected to the positioning band antenna (4) of the Beidou-3 system, a fifth interface connected to the Beidou-3 communication module, and other circuit components. One end of the fourth interface is connected to the positive terminals of the first capacitor and the second capacitor, respectively. One end of the fourth interface is connected to the positive terminal of the third capacitor through the first inductor. One end of the fourth interface is connected to the fourth capacitor through the first inductor and the first resistor. One end of the fourth interface is also connected to the fifth interface through the first inductor and the first resistor. The other end of the fourth interface and the negative terminals of the first capacitor to the fourth capacitor are all grounded.

6. The control circuit of the Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the Beidou navigation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The L-band module includes a sixth interface connected to the Beidou-3 L-band antenna (5), a seventh interface connected to the Beidou-3 communication module, and other circuit components. One end of the sixth interface is connected to the positive terminal of the fifth capacitor through a second inductor. The other end of the sixth interface is also connected to the positive terminal of the sixth capacitor through a second inductor and a second resistor. The other end of the sixth interface is also connected to the seventh interface through a second inductor, a second resistor, and a third inductor. The other end of the sixth interface, the negative terminals of the fifth capacitor, and the sixth capacitor are all grounded.

7. The control circuit of the Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the Beidou navigation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The S-band module includes an eighth interface connected to the S-band antenna (6) of the Beidou-3 system, a ninth interface connected to the Beidou-3 communication module, and other circuit components. One end of the eighth interface is connected to the positive terminal of the seventh capacitor through a fourth inductor. The other end of the eighth interface is also connected to the positive terminal of the eighth capacitor through a fourth inductor and a third resistor. The other end of the eighth interface is also connected to the ninth interface through a fourth inductor, a third resistor, and a fifth inductor. The other end of the eighth interface, the negative terminals of the seventh capacitor, and the eighth capacitor are all grounded.

8. The control circuit of the Chinese sturgeon breeding and release device based on the Beidou navigation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a first voltage regulator module for providing a stable voltage to the low-power control module, a second voltage regulator module for providing a stable voltage to the Beidou-3 communication module and the micro motor, and a third voltage regulator module for providing a stable voltage to the sensor, all mounted on the main control panel. The first voltage regulator module includes a first voltage regulator chip, the second voltage regulator module includes a second voltage regulator chip, and the third voltage regulator module includes a third voltage regulator chip.

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