Multifunctional optical communication system based on perovskite LED array

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional optical communication system based on a perovskite LED array, which comprises a power supply unit, the perovskite LED array, a single chip microcomputer, a peripheral circuit, a transmitting and receiving circuit unit and a terminal, and is characterized in that a channel selection circuit in the transmitting and receiving circuit unit is provided with a self-sensing switching circuit to realize automatic switching between a transmitting mode and a receiving mode; the single-chip microcomputer encodes and modulates information which is from a terminal and needs to be transmitted, adjusts the brightness of the perovskite LED, synchronizes, demodulates and decodes the received signal, and then sends the signal to the terminal; a self-calibration receiving algorithm is arranged in the single-chip microcomputer and used for avoiding the influence of LED aging and temperature change on the detection sensitivity of the perovskite LED, and a self-adaptive light-emitting detection decoupling algorithm is arranged and used for separating a light-emitting crosstalk signal and an external detection signal of the single-chip microcomputer; a brightness control module in the single-chip microcomputer supports adaptive brightness control of the perovskite LED array. According to the invention, integration of display, illumination, detection and perception is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of applications of basic physical phenomena and wireless optical communication technologies, and particularly to a multifunctional optical communication system based on a perovskite LED array. Background Art

[0002] Due to its excellent optoelectronic properties, perovskite LED (Light Emitting Diode) has broad application prospects in the fields of display, lighting, and optical communication. In recent years, optical communication and optical sensing technologies based on perovskite LEDs have received extensive attention. Its unique dual functions of light emission and light detection provide new possibilities for high-integration and low-power optical communication systems.

[0003] Current wireless communication technologies mainly rely on radio frequency signals for information transmission. However, with the widespread application of wireless communication devices, the radio frequency spectrum resources are becoming increasingly tense. In addition, traditional wireless communication devices often have problems such as high power consumption, complex equipment, and susceptibility to electromagnetic interference during high-data-rate transmission. For example, cellular networks require a large number of base stations to support the global mobile communication system, and most of the energy is consumed in device cooling and non-effective communication parts, resulting in low energy utilization efficiency. In contrast, optical communication technology transmits information by modulating the light emission state of LEDs. It not only has advantages such as high bandwidth, low power consumption, and anti-electromagnetic interference, but also can utilize the existing visible light lighting infrastructure to achieve data transmission. Therefore, it has important value in the next-generation communication technologies.

[0004] Currently, visible light communication systems usually adopt a scheme of separating LEDs from photodetectors (PDs), that is, using LEDs as the transmitting end and PDs as the receiving end. However, this architecture has problems such as high cost, large volume, and low integration, which is not conducive to the application of intelligent and miniaturized communication terminals. Perovskite LEDs have the ability to emit light and detect light simultaneously, and can integrate the functions of light emission and light reception in the same device, providing a new solution for constructing an efficient and compact optical communication system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a multifunctional optical communication system based on a perovskite LED array, which utilizes the coexistence characteristics of light emission and detection of perovskite LEDs to realize the transmission and reception of optical signals, so as to solve the problems of low integration, single function, and limited application of existing optical communication systems, improve the compatibility and adaptability of the system, and expand its applications in the fields of short-distance optical wireless communication, smart home, visible light communication, optical biosensing, and optical computing.

[0006] The present invention achieves the above technical objectives through the following technical means.

[0007] A multifunctional optical communication system based on a perovskite LED array, comprising:

[0008] A perovskite LED array, serving as a light source to emit optical signals or as a detector to receive external optical signals;

[0009] A single-chip microcomputer, used to control the emission, reception, and processing of optical signals, and perform data interaction with a terminal through a serial port, USB, or other communication protocols;

[0010] A channel selection circuit, under the control of the single-chip microcomputer, used to switch between different optical communication channels, and is equipped with a self-sensing switching circuit to achieve automatic switching between the emission mode and the reception mode;

[0011] An emission driving circuit, used to drive the perovskite LED array to emit light;

[0012] A DC bias circuit, used to provide a constant DC voltage for the perovskite LED array;

[0013] An adjustable resistor network, used to adjust the light emission intensity of the perovskite LED array;

[0014] A highly sensitive receiving circuit, used to amplify and process the received optical signals;

[0015] A terminal, used to store, process, and display the transmission data of the multifunctional optical communication system.

[0016] In the above technical solution, the self-sensing switching circuit is designed based on the perovskite LED light emission detection coexistence phenomenon, enabling the perovskite LED to automatically switch to the detection mode when detecting an external signal. Specifically: when the perovskite LED is irradiated, a weak photocurrent change is generated, the change is extracted through filtering, then the amplitude of the change is accumulated through a current integration circuit. Next, a threshold is set through a typical hysteresis comparator to prevent false triggering. After reaching the threshold, a MOSFET control module is triggered, and the channel selection circuit disconnects the emission driving circuit and connects the highly sensitive detection circuit; a latch flip-flop is designed for the mode switching process to avoid interference from noise or short-term light illumination during mode switching.

[0017] In the above technical solution, when it is necessary for the perovskite LED array to display or emit light, the terminal generates the data content to be transmitted or displayed. The single-chip microcomputer decodes the position and light emission intensity requirements of the corresponding perovskite LED in the array according to the content, and then controls the channel selection circuit to select the LED path. The LED at this position is lit by controlling the emission driving circuit and the DC bias circuit, and the light emission intensity of the LED path is adjusted by controlling the adjustable resistor network.

[0018] In the above technical solution, when the perovskite LED array receives external light stimulation, according to the scheme set in the single-chip microcomputer, the channel selection circuit automatically or manually selects and enables the corresponding channel. The photocurrent signal in this channel is processed by a highly sensitive receiving circuit and then becomes a signal that the single-chip microcomputer can process. It is input into the single-chip microcomputer through the channel selected by the channel selection circuit. The single-chip microcomputer extracts the position and stimulation intensity information of the stimulated perovskite LED and sends it to the terminal for processing to calculate the position or the magnitude of the external light stimulation, which is used for light perception, light imaging, or other needs of the user.

[0019] The above technical solution further includes a power supply unit for providing working voltage to each component of the system.

[0020] The above technical solution further includes a peripheral circuit for providing conditions for the normal operation of the single-chip microcomputer, including the clock circuit, reset circuit, crystal oscillator circuit, programming circuit, and storage circuit required by the single-chip microcomputer.

[0021] In the above technical solution, the single-chip microcomputer includes a FIFO synchronization unit, a transmission control module, an encoding module, a modulation module, a brightness control module, a synchronization module, a demodulation module, a decoding module, a reception control module, a channel selection control module, a self-calibration reception algorithm, and an adaptive light emission detection decoupling algorithm. The FIFO synchronization unit is used for data caching and synchronization processing. The transmission control module is used to configure the encoding module, modulation module, and brightness control module. The encoding module is used for signal encoding. The modulation module is used for on-off keying or pulse width modulation of the transmitted signal. The brightness control module is used to output an instruction for dynamically adjusting the LED emission intensity. The synchronization module is used to ensure signal transmission and reception synchronization. The demodulation module is used to demodulate the received signal. The decoding module is used for signal decoding. The reception control module is used to configure the synchronization module, demodulation module, and decoding module. The channel selection control module is used to control the channel selection circuit. The self-calibration reception algorithm is used to avoid the influence of LED aging and temperature change on the detection sensitivity of the perovskite LED. The adaptive light emission detection decoupling algorithm is used to separate the crosstalk signal of self-emission and the external detection signal. The terminal includes a database, a transmitted signal generation module, and a received signal restoration module. The database is used to store communication data. The transmitted signal generation module is used to generate a signal to be transmitted. The received signal restoration module is used to match the database and restore the received signal.

[0022] In the above technical solution, the brightness control module supports adaptive brightness control. The channel selection control module controls the channel selection circuit to gate the highly sensitive receiving circuit at a certain frequency to receive the ambient light intensity sensed by the perovskite LED array. After the ambient photocurrent is detected, it is sent to the single-chip microcomputer after analog-to-digital conversion. The brightness control module in it normalizes the sampling result. At the same time, through the PID control algorithm, it calculates the duty cycle corresponding to the PWM signal, and through exponential mapping, it controls the emission driving circuit to non-linearly adjust the brightness of the perovskite LED array.

[0023] In the above technical solution, the self-calibration receiving algorithm is used to avoid the influence of LED aging and temperature change on the detection sensitivity of perovskite LEDs. Specifically: The single-chip microcomputer uses the reference detection value of the previous startup as the reference value I ref ; When the system is powered on, several adjacent pairs of perovskite LEDs on the perovskite LED array are fixedly selected. One perovskite LED emits light and the other detects. The perovskite LED that emits light emits a group of light pulses with a known intensity through the single-chip microcomputer. The detecting perovskite LED receives this signal and converts it into a photocurrent I det ; Subtract I ref from I det as the error value ΔI. If this error value exceeds the set threshold, the single-chip microcomputer controls the highly sensitive receiving circuit to adjust its dynamic gain so that the received signal is restored to the standard range I ref .

[0024] In the above technical solution, the adaptive emission-detection decoupling algorithm is used to separate the crosstalk signal of self-emission and the external detection signal. Specifically:

[0025] When the system is working, it collects the optical detection current I det (t), including self-emission crosstalk and external signals. At the same time, it collects the system current I tx (t) for estimating self-emission crosstalk;

[0026] Let the received signal be I det (t) = a1S ext (t) + a2S self (t) + n(t), where S ext (t) is the external signal, S self (t) is the self-emission crosstalk, n(t) is the noise, a1 represents the coefficient of the external signal S ext (t) in I det (t), which is the contribution degree of the external signal to the total detection signal, and a2 represents the self-emission crosstalk S self (t) in I detThe coefficient in (t) represents the contribution degree of self-luminescence to the total detection signal;

[0027] Separate the external signal and the self-luminescence crosstalk signals S1, S2 = ICA(I det ,I tx ), where S1 and S2 represent the separated external signal and self-luminescence crosstalk signal respectively:

[0028] Calculate the correlation between S2 and I tx (t), and by measuring this correlation, update the separation weights using the gradient: J(W) is the independence evaluation function, W represents the weight matrix of the separated signals, and η is the learning rate or step size used in the gradient update process;

[0029] After the blind source separation process, output the external signal S1.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention proposes a multifunctional optical communication system based on a perovskite LED array. Through an optimized drive circuit and signal processing algorithm, this system realizes the efficient light emission, precise optical signal reception, and intelligent control of the LED array, breaking through the technical bottleneck of traditional visible light communication systems. This technology can not only be applied to short-distance high-speed optical communication but also be extended to various scenarios such as smart home, human-computer interaction, and intelligent display, providing new ideas and implementation paths for the development of future information interaction technologies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 is the hardware part structure block diagram of the multifunctional optical communication system in the specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 is the software part structure block diagram of the multifunctional optical communication system in the specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 is the self-sensing switching circuit flowchart of the multifunctional optical communication system in the specific embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0034] The following will make a detailed description of the specific embodiments of a multifunctional optical communication system based on a perovskite LED array provided by the present invention in conjunction with the drawings.

[0035] This specific embodiment provides a novel multifunctional optical communication system, and the attached Figure 1 is the hardware part of the multifunctional optical communication system in the specific embodiment of the present invention, including a power supply unit 1, a perovskite LED array 2, a single-chip microcomputer 3, a peripheral circuit 4, a channel selection circuit 5, a transmitting drive circuit 6, a DC bias circuit 7, an adjustable resistor network 8, a highly sensitive receiving circuit 9, and a terminal 10.

[0036] The power supply unit 1 is used to provide the operating voltages for each module of the system. Optionally, it includes DC voltages of 3.3V, 5V, and 12V to adapt to different circuit requirements.

[0037] The perovskite LED array 2 has the basic physical phenomenon of coexisting light emission and detection. It can be used as a light source to emit optical signals and also as a detector to receive external optical signals. Optionally, it includes different specifications such as 4×4, 5×5, n×m, etc. The shape of the array is rectangular, circular, triangular, mesh, etc.; The perovskite LED array 2 uses wide-bandgap semiconductor materials (such as CsPbBr3, MAPbI3, etc.), and the adjustable range of its peak emission wavelength is 400nm - 850nm, and it can detect visible light and near-infrared light signals.

[0038] The single-chip microcomputer 3 is used to control the emission, reception, and processing of optical signals, and conducts data interaction with the terminal 10 through a serial port, USB (Universal Serial Bus), or other communication protocols. Optionally, the typical baud rates for communication with the terminal are 9600bps and 115200bps, and it can be extended to 1Mbps; The model of the single-chip microcomputer 3 is of the STM / STC series, ESP32 series, or FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). The typical value of its operating main frequency is 50MHz, and it has at least 256KB of Flash storage space and 64KB of RAM (Random Access Memory).

[0039] The peripheral circuit 4 is used to provide conditions for the normal operation of the single-chip microcomputer 3, including the clock circuit, reset circuit, crystal oscillator circuit, programming circuit, storage circuit, etc. required by the single-chip microcomputer 3. All circuits can adopt classical circuit structures.

[0040] The channel selection circuit 5 is used to switch between different optical communication channels and is equipped with a self-sensing switching circuit, which can realize the automatic switching between the transmission mode and the reception mode. Optionally, the switching chip of the channel selection circuit 5 can adopt 16-to-1 multiplexers such as the TS5A23157 analog switch chip, ADG706, CD74HC4067, or 32-to-1 multiplexers such as ADG732, TS5V330 to support multi-user or multi-path communication. The self-sensing switching circuit is designed based on the coexistence phenomenon of perovskite LED light emission and detection. It can make the perovskite LED automatically switch to the detection mode when detecting an external signal. The main process is as follows: (1) The perovskite LED is irradiated to generate a weak photocurrent change, which is superimposed on the original signal; (2) This change is extracted through filtering and then enters the current integration circuit to improve the small-signal detection sensitivity; (3) A hysteresis comparator is used to prevent false triggering; (4) After reaching the threshold, the MOSFET switch is triggered, and the channel selection circuit 5 disconnects the emission drive circuit 6 and connects to the highly sensitive detection circuit 9; (5) A latch flip-flop is designed throughout the process to avoid noise or short-term light interference during mode switching. Optionally, the emission drive circuit 6 and the highly sensitive detection circuit 9 can be controlled through the channel selection control module in the single-chip microcomputer 3, which is a method of manual control; similarly, the self-sensing switching circuit can also be set to operate, which is a method of automatic control.

[0041] The emission drive circuit 6 is used to drive the perovskite LED array 2 to emit light, adopting PWM (Pulse Width Modulation), OOK (On-Off Keying), or other modulation methods. The emission power can be adjusted in the range of 0.1 mW to 100 mW. Optionally, the BSS84LTIG and 2N7002 transistors are used to achieve precise control of the LED array position, and the THS3202, LMH6629, or OPA818 operational amplifier is used for signal conditioning to reduce distortion.

[0042] The DC bias circuit 7 is used to provide a constant DC voltage for the perovskite LED array 2 to ensure the stable operation of the perovskite LED and support an adjustable bias voltage of 0 - 5V.

[0043] The adjustable resistor network 8 is used to adjust the light emission intensity of the perovskite LED array 2, and then adjust the ability of light emission and detection. Schemes such as digital variable resistors (such as digital potentiometer X9C103), slide rheostats, etc. can be selected for implementation.

[0044] The high-sensitivity receiving circuit 9 is used to amplify and process the received optical signal. It adopts a TIA (Trans-impedance amplifier), a filter, and an ADC (analog to Digital Converter). The TIA gain range is 1 kΩ - 100 kΩ, and the ADC resolution is 10 bit or 12 bit. Optionally, the high-sensitivity receiving circuit 9 uses an AD8015 TIA for optical signal conversion and realizes digital processing through an ADC0832CCN ADC. The filtering can be either circuit filtering or software filtering. Specifically, whether the high-sensitivity receiving circuit 9 requires an ADC depends on the type of the single-chip microcomputer 3. If the single-chip microcomputer 3 supports analog signal input, the high-sensitivity receiving circuit 9 can use the built-in ADC of the single-chip microcomputer.

[0045] The terminal 10 is used to store, process, and display the transmission data of the optical communication system. A computer host can be adopted and necessary software programs are installed to achieve user interaction and data management.

[0046] As Figure 1 shown, the single-chip microcomputer 3 controls the hardware circuit. Specifically, for example, when the perovskite array 2 needs to display or emit light, the data content to be transmitted or displayed is generated through the terminal 10. When it is input into the single-chip microcomputer 3 through the serial port or USB, the single-chip microcomputer 3 decodes the corresponding position of the perovskite LED in the array and the requirement of the light emission intensity according to the content, and then controls the channel selection circuit 5 to select the corresponding LED path. The light emission intensity of the LED path is adjusted by controlling the adjustable resistor network 8, and the LED at this position is lit by controlling the emission driving circuit 6 and the DC bias circuit 7. When the perovskite array 2 receives external light stimulation, according to the scheme set in the single-chip microcomputer 3, the channel selection circuit 5 automatically or manually selects the corresponding channel. The photocurrent signal in this channel is processed by the high-sensitivity receiving circuit 9 and becomes a signal that the single-chip microcomputer 3 can process, and is input into the single-chip microcomputer 3 through the channel selected by the channel selection circuit 5. The single-chip microcomputer extracts the position and stimulation intensity information of the stimulated perovskite LED and sends it to the terminal 10 for processing (such as calculating the position or signal magnitude, etc. What the specific processed data is used for, such as optical perception, optical imaging, or other requirements, is determined by the user himself). Figure 1 All connections are electrical connections, which can be in the form of a printed circuit board, a DuPont wire, soldering on a perforated board, etc. There is no high-frequency requirement here, so just connect them.

[0047] Appendix Figure 2It is the software part of the multi-functional optical communication system in the specific implementation manner of the present invention, including a single-chip microcomputer part and a terminal part. The terminal part includes a database 11, a transmitted signal generation module 12, and a received signal restoration module 13. The single-chip microcomputer part includes a FIFO (First Input First Output) synchronization unit 14, a transmission control module 15, an encoding module 16, a modulation module 17, a brightness control module 18, a synchronization module 19, a demodulation module 20, a decoding module 21, a reception control module 22, a channel selection control module 23, a self-calibration reception algorithm 24, an adaptive light emission detection decoupling algorithm 25, and a dynamic sensitivity compensation algorithm 26.

[0048] Among them, the database 11 is used to store necessary communication data. Optionally, it supports MySQL, SQLite, or other types of data repositories; the transmitted signal generation module 12 is used to generate signals to be transmitted, which can be various types of signals such as audio and video, bitstreams, etc., but need to be delivered to the single-chip microcomputer part after the bitstream conversion is completed in the terminal part; the received signal restoration module 13 is used to match the database 11 and restore the received signals. The input should be a bitstream signal, and the output is the corresponding original data type, such as audio, video, etc.; the FIFO synchronization unit 14 is used for data caching and synchronization processing; the transmission control module 15 is used to configure the modulation module 17, the encoding module 16, and the brightness control module 18 and provide necessary parameters; the encoding module 16 is used for signal encoding. Optionally, it supports return-to-zero / non-return-to-zero encoding, Manchester encoding, etc.; the modulation module 17 is optionally used for performing OOK or PWM on the transmitted signal; the brightness control module 18 is used to output instructions for dynamically adjusting the LED emission intensity and supports brightness adaptive adjustment; the synchronization module 19 is used to ensure signal transmission and reception synchronization and supports functions such as symbol synchronization and frame synchronization; the demodulation module 20 corresponds to the modulation module 17 and is used for demodulating the received signal; the decoding module 21 is used for signal decoding and corresponds to the encoding module 16; the reception control module 22 is used to configure the synchronization module 19, the decoding module 21, and the demodulation module 20 and provide necessary parameters; the channel selection control module 23 is used to control the channel selection circuit 5 and can select manual switching (through the instruction of the single-chip microcomputer 3) and automatic control (through the self-sensing switching circuit inside the channel selection circuit 5) of the transmission state and the reception state.

[0049] Specifically, the channel selection control module 23 is used to control the channel selection control circuit 5 and control the transmission driving circuit 6 and the highly sensitive detection circuit 9. This is a method of manual control; similarly, a self-sensing switching circuit can also be set to operate, which is a method of automatic control. The specific flowchart is as Figure 3As shown, the input signal in the figure comes from the photocurrent response generated by irradiating the perovskite LED. At this time, the signal is the superposition of the original bias voltage signal and the voltage change caused by the change of the external light field; through Figure 3 The latter is extracted by DC filtering in Figure 3 Then, the amplitude of the signal is accumulated through the integration circuit in Figure 3 so as to enhance the weak small signal into a large signal, achieving the purpose of improving the detection sensitivity; then through Figure 3 The hysteresis comparison module in Figure 3 sets the threshold through a typical hysteresis comparator to prevent false triggering; after reaching the corresponding threshold,

[0050] The MOSFET control module in

[0051] is triggered to control the channel selection circuit to perform mode switching. Among them, ref The latch flip-flop in det plays a role in latching the result of each comparison. A typical structure can be adopted, aiming to avoid the switching being interfered by noise and improve the decision accuracy. The self-sensing switching circuit is uniquely designed based on the coexistence phenomenon of perovskite LED light emission detection, which can make the perovskite LED automatically switch to the detection mode when an external signal is detected.

[0050] Specifically, optionally, the brightness control module 18 supports adaptive brightness control. Through the channel selection control module 23 of the single-chip microcomputer 3, the channel selection circuit 5 is controlled to gate the high-sensitivity receiving circuit 9 at a frequency of once every 500 ms to receive the ambient light intensity sensed by the perovskite LED array 2. After the photocurrent is detected, it is sent to the single-chip microcomputer 3 through the ADC. The brightness control module 18 of the single-chip microcomputer 3 normalizes the sampling result, and at the same time, through the PID control algorithm, calculates the duty cycle corresponding to the PWM signal, and controls the emission driving circuit 6 through exponential mapping to non-linearly adjust the brightness of the perovskite LED array 2, improving the visual comfort and realizing brightness adaption.

[0051] Specifically, in order to solve the influence of factors such as LED aging and temperature change on the detection sensitivity and keep the system with stable detection performance, the single-chip microcomputer is equipped with a self-calibration receiving algorithm 24. Specifically, the single-chip microcomputer 3 saves the reference detection value (the average value of one hundred detections) of the previous startup as the reference value I ref At the startup of the system, two adjacent perovskite LEDs on the perovskite LED array 2 are selected (several groups can be selected). One emits light and the other detects. The perovskite LED that emits light emits a group of light pulses with a known intensity (such as a 50 μs high pulse) through the single-chip microcomputer 3. The perovskite LED that detects receives the signal and converts it into a photocurrent I det . Subtract I ref from I detAs the error value ΔI, if this error value exceeds the set threshold, it indicates that the detection sensitivity drifts. The microcontroller 3 controls the highly sensitive receiving circuit 9 to adjust its dynamic gain (i.e., the gain multiple of the TIA) so that the received signal is restored to the standard range I ref , and then the system enters the normal working mode.

[0052] Specifically, since the perovskite LED array 2 can both emit light and detect, when the system quickly switches states, the received signal may be mixed with the crosstalk signal of its own light emission and the external detection signal. Through BSS (Blind Source Separation), these two signals can be separated, thereby improving the detection accuracy. To solve this problem, the microcontroller 3 is equipped with an adaptive light emission detection decoupling algorithm 25, and the specific implementation method is as follows:

[0053] (1) When the system is working, collect the optical detection current I det (t), including the self-light emission interference and the external signal, and at the same time collect the system current I tx (t) for estimating the self-light emission crosstalk;

[0054] (2) Signal modeling, let the received signal be: I det (t) = a1S ext (t) + a2S self (t) + n(t), where S ext (t) is the external signal, S self (t) is the self-light emission crosstalk, n(t) is the noise, a1 represents the coefficient of the external signal S ext (t) in I det (t), which is the contribution degree of the external signal to the total detection signal, and a2 represents the coefficient of the self-light emission crosstalk S self (t) in I det (t), which is the contribution degree of the self-light emission to the total detection signal;

[0055] (3) Adopt ICA (Independent Component Analysis) or PCA (Principal Component Analysis) technology to separate the two signals (assuming they are separated into S1 and S2, representing the external signal and the self-light emission crosstalk respectively): S1, S2 = ICA(I det , I tx );

[0056] (4) Calculate the correlation between S2 and I tx (t), and by measuring their correlation, use gradient to update the separation weight (i.e., the weight matrix W of the separated signal): J(W) is an independence evaluation function, such as negative entropy or mutual information. η is the learning rate or step size used in the gradient update process, which determines the magnitude of the update of the weight matrix W in each update. A smaller η value may lead to a slower convergence rate, while a larger η value may lead to unstable updates. Therefore, the value of η needs to be adjusted according to the specific problem and the convergence of the algorithm.

[0057] (5) After BSS processing, the purified detection signal S1 is output for optical communication or environmental detection.

[0058] Specifically, when the multifunctional optical communication system is in the MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) transmission state, the software part of the terminal 10 starts to work at this time, extracts the information to be transmitted from the database 11 according to the user's needs, and outputs it to the software part of the single-chip microcomputer 3 through a certain communication protocol by the transmission signal generation module 12. The single-chip microcomputer 3 performs software processing, including caching and clock synchronization in the FIFO synchronization unit 14. After receiving the complete signal, the single-chip microcomputer 3 encodes and modulates the signal through the transmission control module 15 and then outputs it to the transmission drive circuit 6. At the same time, the channel selection control module 23 of the single-chip microcomputer 3 controls the channel selection circuit 5 to select the transmission channel, controls the brightness control module 18 to generate an adjustment signal, which controls the adjustable resistor network 8 to adjust the display brightness of the perovskite LED array 2. At the same time, the transmission drive circuit 6 generates a voltage signal suitable for driving the perovskite LED array 2 after passing through the DC bias circuit 7, and finally controls the corresponding perovskite LED to emit light and display.

[0059] Specifically, when the multi-functional optical communication system is in the MIMO receiving state, the externally incoming optical signal is input into the perovskite LED array 2. The perovskite LED array 2 generates different photocurrent responses at different positions. These responses are sent into the highly sensitive receiving circuit 9. After being amplified and filtered by the highly sensitive receiving circuit 9, in cooperation with the channel selection circuit 5, the intensity and position information of the received signal are sent to the single-chip microcomputer 3. If the perovskite LED array 2 is in the transmitting state at this time, the channel selection circuit 5 realizes the switching from the transmitting mode to the receiving mode through manual switching or self-sensing switching circuit (the switching type is defined by the channel selection control module 23 of the single-chip microcomputer 3). The software part of the single-chip microcomputer 3 synchronizes, demodulates, and decodes the signal through the receiving control module 22, and finally inputs it into the terminal 10 after being cached by the FIFO synchronization unit 14. The terminal 10 compares it with its internal database 11 to determine the type of transmitted data, and finally restores and displays the received signal through the received signal restoration module 13.

[0060] The versatility of this system is reflected in its ability to simultaneously achieve functions such as lighting, display, light detection, and light perception. The packaging structure supports glass packaging and epoxy packaging to improve stability and anti-environmental interference ability.

[0061] In summary, the multi-functional optical communication system based on the perovskite LED array of the present invention significantly improves the integration, reliability, and application range of optical communication by optimizing the transmitting and receiving circuits, enhancing the adaptability of the communication protocol, and integrating data storage and processing functions.

[0062] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can still be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional optical communication system based on a perovskite LED array, characterized in that, Including: A perovskite LED array (2), which serves as a light source to emit optical signals or as a detector to receive external optical signals; A single-chip microcomputer (3), which is used to control the emission, reception, and processing of optical signals and perform data interaction with a terminal (10) through a serial port, USB, or other communication protocols; A channel selection circuit (5), which is controlled by the single-chip microcomputer (3) to switch between different optical communication channels and is equipped with a self-sensing switching circuit to achieve automatic switching between the emission mode and the reception mode; An emission driving circuit (6), which is used to drive the perovskite LED array (2) to emit light; A DC bias circuit (7), which is used to provide a constant DC voltage for the perovskite LED array (2); An adjustable resistor network (8), which is used to adjust the light emission intensity of the perovskite LED array (2); A highly sensitive receiving circuit (9), which is used to amplify and process the received optical signals; A terminal (10), which is used to store, process, and display the transmission data of the multifunctional optical communication system.

2. The multifunctional optical communication system according to claim 1, wherein The self-sensing switching circuit is designed based on the perovskite LED luminescence detection coexistence phenomenon, enabling the perovskite LED to automatically switch to the detection mode when detecting an external signal. Specifically: when the perovskite LED is irradiated, a weak photocurrent change is generated. This change is extracted through filtering, and then the amplitude of this change is accumulated through a current integration circuit. Next, a threshold is set through a typical hysteresis comparator to prevent false triggering. After reaching the threshold, a MOSFET control module is triggered, and the channel selection circuit (5) disconnects the emission driving circuit (6) and connects to the highly sensitive detection circuit (9). A latch flip-flop is designed for the mode switching process to avoid interference from noise or short-term light irradiation during mode switching.

3. The multifunctional optical communication system according to claim 1, wherein When it is necessary for the perovskite LED array (2) to display or emit light, the terminal (10) generates the data content to be transmitted or displayed. The single-chip microcomputer (3) decodes the position and light emission intensity requirements of the corresponding perovskite LED in the array according to the content, and then controls the channel selection circuit (5) to select the corresponding LED path. The LED at this position is lit by controlling the emission driving circuit (6) and the DC bias circuit (7), and the light emission intensity of this LED path is adjusted by controlling the adjustable resistor network (8).

4. The multifunctional optical communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that When the perovskite LED array (2) receives external light stimulation, according to the scheme set in the single-chip microcomputer (3), the channel selection circuit (5) automatically or manually selects the corresponding channel. The photocurrent signal in this channel is processed by the highly sensitive receiving circuit (9) and then becomes a signal that the single-chip microcomputer (3) can process. It is input into the single-chip microcomputer (3) through the channel selected by the channel selection circuit (5). The single-chip microcomputer (3) extracts the position and stimulation intensity information of the stimulated perovskite LED and sends it to the terminal (10) for processing to calculate the position or the magnitude of the external light stimulation, which is used for light perception, light imaging, or other user requirements.

5. The multifunctional optical communication system according to claim 1, wherein It also includes a power supply unit (1), which is used to provide operating voltages for each component of the system.

6. The multifunctional optical communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that It further includes a peripheral circuit (4) for providing conditions for the normal operation of the single-chip microcomputer (3), including a clock circuit, a reset circuit, a crystal oscillator circuit, a programming circuit, and a storage circuit required by the single-chip microcomputer (3).

7. The multifunctional optical communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that The single-chip microcomputer (3) includes a FIFO synchronization unit (14), a transmission control module (15), an encoding module (16), a modulation module (17), a brightness control module (18), a synchronization module (19), a demodulation module (20), a decoding module (21), a reception control module (22), a channel selection control module (23), a self-calibration reception algorithm (24), and an adaptive light detection decoupling algorithm (25). The FIFO synchronization unit (14) is used for data caching and synchronization processing. The transmission control module (15) is used to configure the encoding module (16), the modulation module (17), and the brightness control module (18). The encoding module (16) is used for signal encoding. The modulation module (17) is used for on-off keying or pulse width modulation of the transmitted signal. The brightness control module (18) is used to output an instruction for dynamically adjusting the light emission intensity of the LED. The synchronization module (19) is used to ensure signal transmission and reception synchronization. The demodulation module (20) is used for demodulating the received signal. The decoding module (21) is used for signal decoding. The reception control module (22) is used to configure the synchronization module (19), the demodulation module (20), and the decoding module (21). The channel selection control module (23) is used to control the channel selection circuit (5). The self-calibration reception algorithm (24) is used to avoid the influence of LED aging and temperature change on the detection sensitivity of the perovskite LED. The adaptive light detection decoupling algorithm (25) is used to separate the crosstalk signal of its own light emission and the external detection signal. The terminal (10) includes a database (11), a transmitted signal generation module (12), and a received signal restoration module (13). The database (11) is used to store communication data. The transmitted signal generation module (12) is used to generate a signal to be transmitted. The received signal restoration module (13) is used to match the database and restore the received signal.

8. The multifunctional optical communication system according to claim 7, characterized in that The brightness control module (18) supports adaptive brightness control. The channel selection control module (23) is used to control the channel selection circuit (5) to gate the high-sensitivity reception circuit (9) at a certain frequency to receive the ambient light intensity sensed by the perovskite LED array (2). After the ambient photocurrent is detected, it is sent to the single-chip microcomputer (3) after analog-to-digital conversion. The brightness control module (18) in it performs normalization processing on the sampling result, and at the same time, through the PID control algorithm, calculates the duty cycle corresponding to the PWM signal, and through exponential mapping, controls the emission drive circuit (6) to perform non-linear adjustment on the brightness of the perovskite LED array (2).

9. The multifunctional optical communication system according to claim 7, characterized in that The self-calibration receiving algorithm (24) is used to avoid the influence of LED aging and temperature change on the detection sensitivity of perovskite LEDs. Specifically, the microcontroller (3) uses the reference detection value of the previous startup as the reference value I ref ; When the system is powered on, several adjacent pairs of perovskite LEDs on the perovskite LED array (2) are fixedly selected. One perovskite LED emits light and the other detects. The perovskite LED that emits light emits a set of optical pulses with a known intensity through the microcontroller (3). The perovskite LED that detects receives this signal and converts it into a photocurrent I det ; Subtract I ref from I det to obtain the error value ΔI. If this error value exceeds the set threshold, the microcontroller (3) controls the high-sensitivity receiving circuit (9) to adjust its dynamic gain so that the received signal is restored to the standard range I ref .

10. The multifunctional optical communication system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The adaptive light detection decoupling algorithm (25) is used to separate the crosstalk signal of its own light emission and the external detection signal. Specifically: When the system is working, the optical detection current I det (t) is collected, including self-emission crosstalk and external signals. At the same time, the system current I tx (t) is collected for estimating the self-emission crosstalk; Let the received signal be I det (t) = a1S ext (t) + a2S self (t) + n(t), where S ext (t) is an external signal, S self (t) is self-luminous crosstalk, n(t) is noise, and a1 represents the coefficient of the external signal S ext (t) in I det (t), which is the contribution degree of the external signal to the total detection signal, and a2 represents the coefficient of the self-luminous crosstalk S self (t) in I det (t), which is the contribution degree of the self-luminous to the total detection signal; Separate the external signal and the self-luminous crosstalk signals S1, S2 = ICA(I det , I tx ), where S1 and S2 represent the separated external signal and the self-luminous crosstalk signal respectively: Calculate the correlation between S2 and I tx and (t), and by measuring this correlation, use gradient update to separate the weights: J(W) is the independence evaluation function, W represents the weight matrix of the separated signal, and η is the learning rate or step size used in the gradient update process; After further blind source separation processing, an external signal S1 is output.

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