Ophthalmic lens with transition light scattering center for myopia management

Abstract

An ophthalmic lens for slowing myopia progression is disclosed. The ophthalmic lens includes: a lens body having a first curved surface and a second curved surface, the lens body having a center point; a light diffusion region comprising a plurality of scattering centers sized and shaped to scatter incident light, the density of the scattering centers varying over the light diffusion region. The light diffusion region includes: a first region surrounding a center point, the first region having the highest scattering center density in the light diffusion region; and a second region between the first region and the center point, the second region having a lower scattering center density than the first region. The second region extends to a point on the lens that is 15 mm or more from the center point in at least one radial direction measured from the center point.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to ophthalmic lenses for treating myopia and controlling the progression of myopia, and more particularly, to ophthalmic lenses having a transition region. Background Art

[0002] The eye is an optical sensor in which light from an external source is focused onto the retina by the lens, which is an array of wavelength-dependent light sensors. Each of the various shapes that the eye lens can assume is associated with a focal length at which external light is focused optimally or nearly optimally, thereby producing an inverted image on the retina surface that corresponds to the external image observed by the eye. For each of the various shapes that the eye lens can assume, the eye lens focuses optimally or nearly optimally the light emitted or reflected by external objects within a certain range of distances from the eye, while for objects outside that range of distances, it focuses poorly or not at all.

[0003] For an individual with normal vision, the axial length of the eye, or the distance from the lens to the retina surface, corresponds to the focal length for near-optimal focusing of distant objects. The eyes of an individual with normal vision focus on distant objects without neural input from the muscles that exert force to change the shape of the eye lens, a process known as "accommodation". A normal individual focuses on nearer near objects due to accommodation.

[0004] However, many people suffer from diseases related to the axial length of the eye, such as myopia ("nearsightedness"). The axial length of a myopic individual is longer than the axial length required to focus on distant objects without accommodation. Thus, a myopic individual can see near objects clearly, but distant objects appear blurry. Although myopic individuals can usually accommodate, the average distance at which they can focus on an object is shorter than that of an individual with normal vision.

[0005] Typically, infants are born hyperopic, with an axial length of the eye that is shorter than the length required to focus on distant objects optimally or nearly optimally without accommodation. During normal development of the eye, a process called "emmetropization", the axial length increases relative to other dimensions of the eye until it reaches the length at which distant objects can be focused nearly optimally without accommodation. Ideally, as the eye grows to its final adult size, the biological process maintains a near-optimal relationship between the axial length and the size of the eye. However, for myopic individuals, the relative value of the axial length to the overall size of the eye continues to increase during development, exceeding the length for near-optimal focusing of distant objects and ultimately leading to high myopia.

[0006] It is believed that myopia is caused by behavioral factors and genetic factors. Therefore, myopia can be alleviated by treatment devices targeting behavioral factors. For example, US Publication No. 2011 / 0313058A1 describes a treatment device for treating diseases related to axial length of the eye including myopia. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0007] An ophthalmic lens is disclosed, including spectacle lenses and contact lenses, which can reduce the contrast signal at the cone photoreceptor level in the retina that causes the growth of the axial length of the eye. The lens includes a treatment area that contains a light diffusion area having a plurality of areas providing different amounts of light scattering. Generally, the treatment area includes two areas: 1. The maximum scattering center area and 2. The transition area between the maximum scattering center area and the center point of the lens. The transition area provides a light scattering level lower than that of the maximum scattering area. In some examples, the lower light scattering level results from a lower density of scattering centers present in the transition area compared to the maximum scattering area. The lens may include a clear central aperture, for example, surrounding the center point of the lens, and the transition area may be radially located between the clear aperture and the maximum scattering area. The maximum scattering area occupies at least a part (e.g., all) of the peripheral visual field of the wearer, and the light scattering from this area provides sufficient contrast reduction of the image at the retina, thereby reducing the signal that prompts the growth of the eye and thus slowing down the development of myopia. The transition area between the clear central area and the maximum scattering area provides a transition of the forward and backward scattering rates from the clear central area to the maximum scattering area. In certain examples, the transition area reduces backward scattering and reduces the conspicuousness of the scattering center pattern to the observer without significantly reducing the treatment effect of the lens.

[0008] Alternatively, or additionally, the transition area may provide a gradual transition from no light scattering (for the clear aperture) or a lower light scattering level of light (e.g., along the visual axis) to the maximum scattering area. Compared with similar lenses without a transition area or with a small transition area, the gradual transition over a sufficiently large area of the lens can provide a more comfortable user experience for the wearer.

[0009] It is believed that due to the reduced conspicuousness of the scattering center pattern caused by the transition area, certain wearers - especially children - may use it more consistently, otherwise they may feel uncomfortable with more conspicuous devices during daily use (e.g., at school or otherwise when getting along with peers), and / or may be less inclined to use lenses with lower visual comfort frequently. For example, a gradient scattering center pattern constituting a large transition area surrounding the aperture can be used to reduce the conspicuousness of the pattern to third parties.

[0010] Among other advantages, the disclosed embodiments are characterized by glasses including the following features: reducing signals in the retina that cause the growth of the axial lengths of the lenses of both eyes, without reducing the on-axis vision of either eye of the user to an extent that is disturbing to the user. For example, providing a central scatter pattern that moderately blurs the peripheral vision of the wearer while allowing normal on-axis viewing through a clear central aperture enables all-day everyday use by the wearer.

[0011] In addition, the central scatter can be largely unnoticed by others, especially when the central scatter is clear. This can have a positive impact on the consistency of use when the conspicuity of the device reduces the likelihood of continued use by certain users, such as children who are prone to feeling uncomfortable during use.

[0012] The central scatter pattern can also optimize viewer comfort. For example, a pattern characterized by a transition region softens the transition in the viewer's field of view from the clear vision region of the lens to the peripheral region. In some examples, random dithering can be applied to the pattern (e.g., to the size and / or spacing of the central scatter). Such randomization can reduce undesired optical effects (e.g., diffraction or interference effects) associated with a uniform array of optical features. For example, random dithering can be used to reduce glare experienced by the user. It can also reduce the conspicuity of the pattern to third parties by reducing diffraction or interference effects in reflections.

[0013] The disclosed embodiments are characterized by devices with a finely arranged pattern for mitigating axial elongation. These devices can be formed efficiently and economically on conventional ophthalmic lenses, for example, by forming central scatter in the lens surface or lens body. Providing low-conspicuity lenses that do not make the user feel uncomfortable during everyday use can more effectively achieve this as continued use can enhance the efficacy of treating and preventing myopia development.

[0014] Although the following embodiments are characterized by ophthalmic lenses, embodiments using contact lenses are also possible.

[0015] Other features and advantages will be apparent from the following disclosure, the drawings, and the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1A A pair of glasses including an ophthalmic lens for treating myopia and slowing the progression of myopia is shown.

[0017] Figure 1B Shown is Figure 1A A portion of the central scatter array of the shown ophthalmic lens.

[0018] Figure 1C Shown is a situation where the central scatter is randomly displaced from a uniform spacing.

[0019] Figure 2A shows an example of a pre-edged spectacle lens for treating myopia and controlling myopia progression, the spectacle lens including a light diffusion zone having a transition region.

[0020] Figure 2B is a graph showing the density of scattering centers passing through an example light diffusion zone in the spectacle lens shown in Figure 2A as a function of the radius.

[0021] Figure 2C is a graph showing the density of scattering centers passing through another example light diffusion zone in the spectacle lens shown in Figure 2A as a function of the radius.

[0022] Figure 2D is a graph showing the density of scattering centers passing through another example light diffusion zone in the spectacle lens shown in Figure 2A as a function of the radius.

[0023] Figure 2E is a graph showing the density of scattering centers passing through another example light diffusion zone in the spectacle lens shown in Figure 2A as a function of the radius.

[0024] Figure 2F is a graph showing the density of scattering centers passing through another example light diffusion zone in the spectacle lens shown in Figure 2A as a function of the radius.

[0025] Figure 3A shows another example of a pre-edged spectacle lens for treating myopia and slowing myopia progression, the spectacle lens including a light diffusion zone having a transition region.

[0026] Figure 3B is a graph showing the density of scattering centers passing through an example light diffusion zone in the spectacle lens shown in Figure 3A as a function of the radius.

[0027] Figure 4A shows another example of a pre-edged spectacle lens for treating myopia and slowing myopia progression, the spectacle lens including a light diffusion zone having a transition region.

[0028] Figure 4B is a graph showing the density of scattering centers passing through an example light diffusion zone in the spectacle lens shown in Figure 4A as a function of the radius.

[0029] Figure 4C is a graph showing the density of scattering centers passing through an example light diffusion zone in the spectacle lens shown in Figure 4A as a function of the radius. The radial direction is orthogonal to the radial direction shown in Figure 4B.

[0030] Figures 5A-5B And 6A - 6B show examples of the scattering center pattern of a light scattering zone including a transition region.

[0031] Figure 7A A cross-sectional view of an exemplary lens is shown, which has scattering centers formed by protrusions on the lens surface.

[0032] Figure 7B A cross-sectional view of an exemplary lens is shown, which has scattering centers formed by depressions on the lens surface.

[0033] Figure 7C A cross-sectional view of another exemplary lens is shown, which has scattering inclusions between opposite surfaces of the lens.

[0034] In the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same elements. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Referring to Figure 1A , a pair of glasses 100 for treating myopia and slowing down the development of myopia includes a pair of lenses 110a and 110b, which are edged and mounted in a frame 101. Each lens includes a light diffusion zone 120, which covers a first part 150 of the lens for the wearer's hyperopia and myopia and a second part of the lens corresponding to the wearer's peripheral vision. The first part 150 encompasses the center point 152 of each lens, which can correspond to the position where the wearer's visual axis intersects the lens when the wearer is looking straight ahead. The second part corresponds to the light diffusion zone 160. The edge portion 170 of the lens around the light diffusion zone 120 is transparent, but in some examples, the light diffusion zone can extend to the frame 101. Generally, the lenses 110a and 110b can be plano lenses, single vision lenses (e.g., having positive or negative optical power), or multifocal lenses (e.g., bifocal lenses or progressive lenses).

[0036] Generally, the pattern of scattering centers within the light diffusion zone 160 can vary. In some examples, at least a portion of the light diffusion zone 160 can include a uniform scattering center pattern having scattering centers of the same shape and size, as Figure 1B depicted, which shows a portion 162 of the light diffusion zone 160 in the lens 110a. Generally, each scattering center 210 can have the same size and shape, such as a circle with a diameter of d, and a spacing, for example, a spacing D in the x direction x and a spacing D in the y direction y of a rectangular grid. Generally, the smaller the scattering center spacing, the greater the contrast reduction (provided that adjacent scattering centers do not overlap or merge).

[0037] Generally, D x and D yIn the range of from about 0.05 mm (e.g., about 0.1 mm or more, about 0.15 mm or more, about 0.2 mm or more, about 0.25 mm or more, about 0.3 mm or more, about 0.35 mm or more, about 0.4 mm or more, about 0.45 mm or more, about 0.5 mm or more, about 0.55 mm or more, about 0.6 mm or more, about 0.65 mm or more, about 0.7 mm or more, about 0.75 mm or more) to about 2 mm (e.g., about 1.9 mm or less, about 1.8 mm or less, about 1.7 mm or less, about 1.6 mm or less, about 1.5 mm or less, about 1.4 mm or less, about 1.3 mm or less, about 1.2 mm or less, about 1.1 mm or less, about 1 mm or less, about 0.9 mm or less, about 0.8 mm or less). For example, the scattering center pitch can be 0.55 mm, 0.365 mm or 0.240 mm.

[0038] Generally, the pitch of the scattering centers is such that the scattering centers as a whole provide sufficient forward scattering to reduce the contrast between adjacent cone photoreceptors on the wearer's retina, thereby slowing the progression of myopia. Generally, the scattering centers 210 can be provided by forming protrusions and / or depressions on one or both surfaces of each lens and / or by forming scattering inclusions in the lens material itself.

[0039] Although Figure 1B the scattering centers shown are equally spaced in the x and y directions, more generally, the pitch in each direction can be different. Additionally, the scattering centers can be arranged in a non-square grid. For example, a hexagonal or circular grid can be used. An irregular array is also possible, e.g., a random or semi-random layout of scattering centers can be used. In the case of a random pattern, the pitch D x in the x direction and the pitch D y in the y direction are the average separations of the scattering centers in the x and y directions, respectively. In a circular pattern, the pitch can be measured as the distance along the arc connecting the centers of the scattering centers. Alternatively, or additionally, the angular difference between scattering centers at a radial distance substantially the same as the center of the lens 110 can be measured for the pitch, e.g., about one scattering center per degree for a given radius.

[0040] In some examples, the scattering center pattern includes scattering centers that are randomly displaced relative to a regular array. Introducing random displacements can reduce optical effects associated with regularly spaced scattering centers, such as starburst glare. For example, see https: / / www.slrlounge.com / diffraction-aperture-and-starburst-effects / , which shows the relationship between starburst effects and photography. Thus, including random displacements in the scattering center pattern can provide a more comfortable experience for the user compared to a similar scattering center pattern with uniformly spaced scattering centers. Alternatively, or additionally, randomization of the scattering center pattern can reduce optical effects (e.g., diffraction or interference effects) exhibited in the reflected light, thereby reducing the perceptibility of the scattering center pattern to an observer.

[0041] Figure 1C A random displacement is shown, showing the positions of the scattering centers 201a - 201e relative to the array lattice, where adjacent lattice nodes are spaced a distance D from each other in the x - direction x and a distance D from each other in the y - direction y . As shown, D x = D y , however more generally, the vertical and horizontal lattice spacings can be different.

[0042] For each scattering center, the displacement in the x - direction δx = A x ∙D x ∙RN[0,1], and the displacement in the y - direction δy = A y ∙D y ∙RN[0,1], where Ax and Ay are the dither amplitudes between 0 and 1 in the x - direction and y - direction respectively, and can be the same or different. RN[0,1] is a random number between 0 and 1.

[0043] The size of the scattering centers can also vary. In some examples, random variation in the size of the scattering centers can reduce optical effects associated with an array of uniformly sized scattering centers, such as glare. For example, as Figure 1C shown, the radial size of each scattering center can be different from the nominal scattering center radius r0. As shown, the scattering center 201d has the nominal scattering center radius r0, while the scattering centers 201b and 201e have radii r b and r e , both of which are greater than r0 and r b ≠r e . The scattering center radius can be set according to the formula r i = r0 + δr, where δr = A r ∙r0∙RN[0,1], where i represents the i - th scattering center, and Ar Represents the jitter amplitude of the scattering center radius where the value is set between 0 and 1.

[0044] More generally, although the above examples refer to the scattering center radius of a nominally circular scattering center, depending on the application, the jitter can be applied to other scattering center size parameters. For example, the jitter can be applied to the scattering center volume or individual scattering center dimensions (e.g., the x-dimension or y-dimension).

[0045] In some examples, the scattering center pattern can include random jitter of the scattering center layout and random jitter of the scattering center size. In certain examples, the scattering center pattern in the light diffusion region 160 can be characterized by different scattering center densities, spacings, sizes, or combinations of one or more of these.

[0046] The scattering centers can be designed to reduce narrow-angle scattering and increase wide-angle scattering, thereby producing a uniform light distribution on the retina, such as a low-contrast signal, while maintaining acuity through the geometry of the scattering centers. For example, the scattering centers can be designed to produce significant wide forward-angle scattering (e.g., such as more than 10%, 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, deflected more than 2.5 degrees). Narrow-angle forward scattering (i.e., within 2.5 degrees) can be kept relatively low (e.g., 50% or less, 40% or less, 30% or less, 20% or less).

[0047] Generally, the size of the scattering centers can be the same across each lens or can vary. For example, the size can increase or decrease as a function of the position of the scattering center, e.g., measured from the clear aperture center, and / or as a function of the distance from the lens edge. In some examples, the scattering center size varies monotonically with increasing distance from the lens center (e.g., monotonically increases or monotonically decreases). In some cases, the monotonic increase or decrease in size includes a linear variation of the scattering center diameter as a function of the distance from the lens center.

[0048] Generally, as described above, the scattering centers are arranged such that the light diffusion region 160 includes a maximum scattering (MS) region and a transition region, where the scattering level in the transition region is lower than that in the maximum scattering region. These regions can be set by changing the density of the scattering centers, the size of the scattering centers, the shape of the scattering centers, and / or the refractive index of the scattering centers.

[0049] The transition region is typically characterized by a scattering center pattern that scatters less incident light than the scattering center pattern of the MS region, thereby providing a transition in the lens scattering intensity from the low-scattering region or clear aperture to the MS region. Compared to similar lenses where the light diffusion region consists only of the MS region or the transition region is relatively small, the transition region can improve the wearer's visual experience of an ophthalmic lens with a scattering center pattern, thereby providing a more comfortable wearing experience. This is very important for children, as whether children will wear glasses with such lenses for a long time depends on their comfort level.

[0050] The scattering center pattern can be selected to provide the weakest scattering at the clear aperture closest to or located at or near the center point of the lens, and the scattering intensity increases as the radial distance through the transition region increases.

[0051] The scattering of light depends on the size (R) of the scattering particles and the wavelength (λ) of the light. In each scattering pattern, the size of the scatterer - at least in part - defines the scattering criterion. When the size of the scatterer is significantly larger than the wavelength, the criterion is geometric scattering. In this case, all wavelengths are scattered uniformly, resulting in the white clouds we observe in the sky. When the size of the scatterer is of the same order of magnitude as the wavelength, Mie scattering is the scattering pattern criterion. In this case, red light is scattered more than blue light. Finally, when the size of the scatterer is significantly smaller than the wavelength, Rayleigh scattering occurs, and in this case, blue light is scattered more than red light. The scattering center pattern can be selected depending on the application to provide geometric scattering, Mie scattering, and / or Rayleigh scattering.

[0052] Generally, the scattering center pattern in the treatment region of an ophthalmic lens can be selected based on various design parameters to provide the desired degree of light scattering on the user's retina. Generally, these design parameters include scattering center density, size, depth, and shape, as well as refractive index, etc. Ideally, the scattering center pattern is selected to provide high visual acuity at the fovea of the retina and reduce image contrast at other parts of the retina, while keeping the wearer's discomfort low enough for continuous long-term wear. For example, it is desirable for children to be able to wear glasses comfortably for most, if not all, of the day. Alternatively, or additionally, the scattering center pattern can be designed for specific tasks, especially high-contrast tasks that are thought to strongly stimulate axial eye length growth, such as video games, reading, or other wide-angle, high-contrast image exposures. For example, in such cases (e.g., where the user experiences high contrast in their peripheral vision, and / or where the wearer does not need to move and use peripheral vision for orientation), the peripheral scattering intensity and scattering angle can be increased, while perhaps paying less attention to awareness and self-esteem. This can result in higher efficiency in reducing peripheral contrast in such high-contrast environments.

[0053] In some examples, the size of the scattering centers can be selected to range from relatively small scatterers with a relatively wide scattering angle to larger scattering centers that produce a relatively small scattering angle but stronger scattered light (i.e., higher scattered light intensity) than the small scatterers.

[0054] It is believed that reducing the image contrast at the fovea of the wearer's eye is more effective in controlling eye growth than reducing the image contrast in other parts of the user's retina. Therefore, the scattering center pattern can be customized to reduce (e.g., minimize) the light scattered to the wearer's fovea, while relatively more light on other parts of the retina is scattered light. Since the cone photoreceptor density at the fovea is very high and the size of the cones is smaller compared to other eccentric regions of the retina, the scattering center pattern and the transition region can be customized to match the increasing cone size from the fovea to the periphery. The amount of scattered light at the fovea can be affected not only by the size of the clear aperture but also by the properties of the scattering centers - especially those closest to the clear aperture. For example, in some cases, the scattering centers closest to the center point of the lens can be designed to be less efficient at scattering light compared to the more distant scattering centers. Alternatively, or additionally, in some examples, the scattering centers closest to the center point can be designed to have a smaller forward scattering angle compared to the more distant scattering centers.

[0055] In some examples, different regions are formed by a radial variation of the scattering center density from the center point of the lens. For example, referring to FIG. 2A, an exemplary pre-edged ophthalmic lens 200 suitable for glasses 100 has a light diffusion region 160 that includes a maximum scattering (MS) region 220 surrounding a transition region 215. Figure 2B A graph showing the scattering center density as a function of the radius outward from the center point 152 is shown. The density of the scattering centers increases linearly from the center point 152 to a radius R T and reaches a maximum scattering center density at the boundary of the MS region 220 (see line segment 211). The scattering center density remains constant within the MS region 220 extending to the radius R MAX (see line segment 221).

[0056] Generally, R MAX is large enough such that the light diffusion region covers the peripheral vision of the wearer, and R T is large enough such that the wearer experiences a gradual transition from relatively clear vision at the center point 152 to a reduced contrast and / or visual acuity associated with the scattering centers in the MS region 220.

[0057] In some examples, R MAXis 20 mm or more (e.g., 22 mm or more, 25 mm or more, 28 mm or more, 30 mm or more, 32 mm or more, 35 mm or more, 38 mm or more, 40 mm or more). R T is 15 mm or more (e.g., 16 mm or more, 17 mm or more, 18 mm or more, 19 mm or more, 20 mm or more, 22 mm or more, 25 mm or more, 28 mm or more, 30 mm or more, 32 mm or more, 35 mm or more). R MAX –R T can be in the range of 1 mm to 20 mm (e.g., 2 mm or more, 3 mm or more, 4 mm or more, 5 mm or more, 6 mm or more, 7 mm or more, 8 mm or more, 9 mm or more, 10 mm or more, such as 18 mm or less, 15 mm or less, 12 mm or less).

[0058] The MS region 220 can occupy 5% or more of the area of the light diffusion region 160 (e.g., 10% or more, 12% or more, 15% or more, 18% or more, 20% or more, 22% or more, 25% or more, 28% or more, 30% or more, 32% or more, 35% or more, 38% or more, 40% or more, 45% or more, 50% or more, such as 80% or less, 70% or less, 60% or less). The transition region 215 can occupy 20% or more of the area of the light diffusion region 160 (e.g., 22% or more, 25% or more, 28% or more, 30% or more, 32% or more, 35% or more, 38% or more, 40% or more, 45% or more, 50% or more, such as 95% or less, 90% or less, 80% or less, 70% or less, 60% or less).

[0059] The scattering center density can be calculated in various ways. For example, the scattering center density can be expressed as a number density, which refers to the number of scattering centers per unit area, and its unit is the reciprocal of area, e.g., mm -2 . For a non-uniform scattering center pattern, such as non-uniform spacing, the average number density can be calculated by dividing the total number of scattering centers by the total area of the region.

[0060] Generally, the scattering center pattern of the light diffusion region will have a number density in the range of 0.1 / mm 2 to 20 / mm 2 (e.g., 0.2 / mm 2 or more, 0.5 / mm 2 or more, 0.8 / mm 2 or more, 1 / mm 2 or more, 1.5 / mm2 or more, 2 / mm 2 or more, 3 / mm 2 or more, 4 / mm 2 or more, 5 / mm 2 or more, 6 / mm 2 or more, 7 / mm 2 or more, 8 / mm 2 or more, such as 15 / mm 2 or less, 12 / mm 2 or less, 10 / mm 2 or less).

[0061] The scattering center density can also (or alternatively) be expressed in areal density, which is the fraction (e.g., percentage) of the area of the lens region (in the x - y plane) occupied by the scattering centers. In some examples, the areal density of the scattering centers can be in the range of 5% to 80% (e.g., 10% or more, 12% or more, 15% or more, 18% or more, 20% or more, 22% or more, 25% or more, 28% or more, 30% or more, 32% or more, 35% or more, 38% or more, 40% or more, 45% or more, such as 70% or less, 60% or less, 50% or less).

[0062] Generally, for spectacle lenses, the scattering center density is calculated for an area of 1mm 2 or more.

[0063] Although for Figure 2B the depicted scattering center distribution, the scattering center density increases linearly from the center point 152 to the MS region 220, in other examples, the scattering center density may exhibit non - linear variations. Figure 2C An example is shown, where the scattering center density increases non - linearly as a function of the radius (see line segment 212).

[0064] Although for Figure 2C the depicted scattering center distribution, the scattering center density increases monotonically from the center point 152 to the MS region 220, in other examples, the scattering center density may exhibit non - monotonic variations. For example, referring to Figure 2D , in some examples, the radial density distribution can include a local maximum within the transition region 215.

[0065] In some examples, the transition region 215 can include an annular portion where the scattering center density is constant. Referring to Figure 2E, the transition region may include a plurality of portions 214 having a constant density of scattering centers, wherein the density of each successive portion increases as the radial distance from the center point 152 increases. In this example, the portion closest to the center point 152 extends to a radius R Ta , and has the lowest density of scattering centers; the next portion extends from R Ta to R Tb , and has the next lowest density of scattering centers; the third portion extends to R Tc , and the fourth portion extends to R Td . Generally, the radial dimension of each portion may be the same as or different from that of the other portions. The radial dimension that these portions may have ranges from 1 mm to 10 mm (e.g., 2 mm or more, 3 mm or more, 4 mm or more, 8 mm or less, 7 mm or less, 6 mm or less, 5 mm or less). Although Figure 2E depicts four portions in the transition region in the example, more generally, the transition region may have fewer than four portions (e.g., 2 or 3) or more than four (e.g., 5, 6, 7, 8 or more) portions.

[0066] Although each of the foregoing examples depicts the maximum scattering region 220 as the outermost region of the light diffusion region 160, in some examples, the lens may include another region located outside the MS region 220, which has a density of scattering centers lower than that of the maximum scattering region. For example, as Figure 2F shows, in certain examples, the lens includes a light scattering region, and the outermost region thereof has a density of scattering centers that decreases as the outermost radius of the MS region increases. In this example, the MS region extends to a radius R M , and the outermost region extends from R M to R MAX . Generally, R MAX - R M may range from 1 mm to 10 mm (e.g., 2 mm to 5 mm).

[0067] In some examples, the light diffusion region surrounds a clear aperture without scattering centers. For example, referring to FIGS. 3A and Figure 3B , the example pre-edged lens 300 includes a clear aperture 320 (i.e., without scattering centers) surrounded by a transition region 310, and the transition region 310 is in turn surrounded by the MS region 220. The clear aperture 320 encompasses the center point 152 and may coincide with the on-axis viewing position of the wearer. Generally, the clear aperture 320 provides a visual cone for the wearer so that their visual acuity can be optimally corrected (e.g., up to 20 / 15 or 20 / 20). The size of the clear aperture 320, as Figure 3B shows, is in a radial dimension R AThe (measurement) can vary. In some examples, the aperture has a radius ranging from 0.5 mm (e.g., 0.75 mm or more, 1 mm or more, 1.5 mm or more, 2 mm or more, 2.5 mm or more) to 10 mm (e.g., 8 mm or less, 6 mm or less, 5 mm or less, 4 mm or less, 3 mm or less, 2 mm or less).

[0068] Although the clear aperture 320 is circular, non-circular (e.g., oval, polygonal, teardrop-shaped, irregular) apertures are also possible. For a non-circular aperture, the radial dimension refers to the maximum radial dimension measured from the center point 152.

[0069] The clear aperture 320 may correspond to a solid angle of about 30 degrees or less (e.g., about 25 degrees or less, about 20 degrees or less, about 15 degrees or less, about 12 degrees or less, about 10 degrees or less, about 9 degrees or less, about 8 degrees or less, about 7 degrees or less, about 6 degrees or less, about 5 degrees or less, about 4 degrees or less, about 3 degrees or less) in the observer's field of view. The solid angles corresponding to the horizontal and vertical viewing planes may be the same or different.

[0070] Generally, any of the example scattering center distributions described herein may include one or more clear apertures.

[0071] In the foregoing examples, the light scattering region is depicted as rotationally symmetric about the center point 152, i.e., the radial scattering center distribution is the same in all radial directions, the MS region is annular, and the transition region is annular or circular. However, more generally, non-radially symmetric distributions are also possible. For example, referring to FIGS. 4A to 4C, in some examples, the pre-edged lens 400 includes a light diffusion region 160 that includes an oval transition region 410 surrounded by a maximum scattering region 420. Here, the oval transition region extends to a radius R in the x direction 1T , and extends to a radius R in the y direction T2 , where R T1 >R T2 . In both directions, the scattering center density increases linearly to the MS region 420, but the density increases faster in the y direction (compare the slopes of line segment 411 and line segment 412). The radial dimension of the MS region 420 in the y direction is greater than that in the x direction (compare line segment 421 and line segment 422). Here, the x direction may correspond to the horizontal direction in a pair of glasses.

[0072] More generally, the transition region can have other non-circular shapes (e.g., polygonal, teardrop-shaped, irregular). Additionally, in some examples, the light diffusion region 160 can also be non-circular. For examples where the transition region and / or the MS region are non-circular, the above-described example radial dimension can correspond to the radius in the direction of the largest radial dimension (e.g., the x-direction of the elliptical transition region 410 shown in FIG. 4A).

[0073] In some examples, as an alternative (or supplement) to the density of the scattering centers, the transition region can be provided by changing the optical properties of the scattering centers. For example, the scattering center pattern can characterize a change in the scattering efficiency of the scattering centers (e.g., due to a refractive index mismatch and / or a change in shape of each scattering center).

[0074] Generally, the coverage of the scattering centers on the lens varies depending on the implementation. Here, the coverage refers to the proportion of the total lens area that corresponds to the scattering centers when projected onto the x-y plane. The spatial density of the scattering centers in the clear center region, the transition region, and the peripheral region can determine the total coverage. Generally, a lower scattering center coverage will result in less scattering compared to a higher scattering center coverage (assuming that the individual scattering centers are discrete, e.g., the scattering centers do not merge to form larger scattering centers). The scattering center coverage can range from 10% or more to about 75%. For example, the scattering center coverage can be 15% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more, 30% or more, 35% or more, 40% or more, 45% or more, such as 50% or 55%. The scattering center coverage range can be selected based on the user's comfort, e.g., providing a sufficient level of peripheral vision comfort for the wearer to be willing to wear the glasses for a long period of time (e.g., all day).

[0075] Although the scattering centers 210 in FIG. 2A are depicted as having circular coverage regions, more generally, the scattering centers can have other shapes. For example, the scattering centers can be elongated in one direction (e.g., in the x-direction or the y-direction), such as in the case of elliptical scattering centers. In some embodiments, the shape of the scattering centers is random.

[0076] It is believed that light from a scene that is incident on a lens in a region where the contrast between scattering centers is reduced—such as a transition region and an MS region—facilitates imaging of the scene on the user's retina, while light from the scene that is incident on the scattering centers does not. Additionally, light incident on the scattering centers still transmits to the retina and thus has the effect of reducing image contrast without significantly reducing the light intensity and light transmittance of the retina. Therefore, it is believed that the amount of contrast reduction in the user's peripheral vision is related to (e.g., roughly proportional to) the surface area ratio of the contrast-reducing region covered by the scattering centers. Typically, the scattering centers occupy at least 10% of the area of the light diffusion region (measured in the x-y plane) (e.g., 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, such as 90% or less, 80% or less, 70% or less, 60% or less).

[0077] Typically, the scattering center pattern reduces the contrast of an image of an object viewed by a wearer through the treatment regions (transition region, MS region) of the lens without significantly reducing the visual acuity of the observer in that region. Here, the treatment region refers to the field of view outside the clear central region of the field of view. Equivalent to the image contrast viewed using the clear vision region of the lens, the image contrast in these regions may be reduced by 20% or more (e.g., 25% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 45% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more). The contrast reduction can be set according to the requirements of each individual case. It is believed that a typical contrast reduction range is about 50% to 55%. For very mild cases, the contrast reduction can be less than 50%, while for subjects more prone to this condition, a contrast reduction higher than 55% may be required. Peripheral vision can be corrected subjectively to 20 / 30 or higher (e.g., 20 / 25 or higher, 20 / 20 or higher) while still achieving a meaningful contrast reduction.

[0078] Here, contrast refers to the difference in brightness between two objects within the same field of view. Therefore, contrast reduction refers to the change in this difference.

[0079] Contrast and contrast reduction can be measured in a variety of ways. In some embodiments, contrast can be measured based on the difference in brightness between different parts of a standard pattern such as a black and white checkerboard, which is obtained through the clear vision region and the scattering center pattern of the lens under controlled conditions.

[0080] Alternatively, or in addition, the reduction of contrast can be determined based on the optical transfer function (OTF) of the lens (see, for example, http: / / www.montana.edu / jshaw / documents / 18%20EELE582_S15_OTFMTF.pdf). For the OTF, contrast refers to the transmittance of a stimulus where light and dark regions are sinusoidally modulated at different "spatial frequencies". These stimuli look like alternating light and dark bars, with the spacing between the bars varying over a certain range. For all optical systems, the transmittance of contrast is lowest for sinusoidally varying stimuli with the highest spatial frequency. The relationship that describes the contrast transmittance for all spatial frequencies is the OTF. The OTF can be obtained by performing a Fourier transform on the point spread function. The point spread function can also be obtained empirically by imaging a point source through the lens onto a detector array and determining how the light from that point is distributed across the detector.

[0081] If there are conflicting measurements, the OTF is the preferred technique.

[0082] In some examples, the contrast can be estimated based on the ratio of the area of the lens covered by scattering centers to the area of the clear central region. In this approximation, it is assumed that all light rays reaching the scattering centers will be evenly scattered across the entire retinal area, which reduces the amount of available light in the brighter regions of the image and increases the light in the darker regions. Therefore, the amount of contrast reduction can be calculated based on the light transmittance measurements through the clear central region and the scattering center pattern of the lens.

[0083] Figure 5A and 5B shows an example scattering center pattern. The example includes: a clear aperture 501; a transition region 510 where the density of scattering centers increases as a function of the radius; and an MS region 520 with a uniform density of scattering centers. For ease of illustration, Figure 5B the end position of the transition region 510 has been shaded in Figure 5A because it is difficult to distinguish with the naked eye in

[0084] Figure 6A The transition region 510 is shown in more detail. This figure shows the transition region 510 at a larger scale and includes circular lines corresponding to the annular portions. Figure 6B A sub-region 601 of the transition region 510 is shown at a larger scale, where six annular portions are shown. It is clear from this figure that the scattering centers are smallest in the innermost part and their size increases monotonically with the radius.

[0085] Typically, the scattering centers can be provided as protrusions and / or depressions on one or both sides of each lens, and / or scattering inclusions within the lens material itself. For example, referring to Figure 7A , lens 700 includes a scattering center pattern formed by protrusions 702 on the convex surface 704 of lens body 701. The protrusions can be formed of an optically transparent material having a refractive index similar to that of the underlying lens (e.g., 1.60 for polycarbonate). For example, in an example where the lens is formed of polycarbonate (PC), the protrusions can be formed of a polymer having a refractive index similar to that of PC, such as formed from a photoactivated polyurethane or an epoxy-based plastic. In addition to PC, the lens itself can also be made of allyl diglycol carbonate plastic, a polyurethane-based monomer, or other impact-resistant monomers. Alternatively, the lens can also be made of a denser high refractive index plastic having a refractive index greater than 1.60. In some embodiments, the lens is made of an optically transparent material having a lower refractive index (e.g., 1.50 for CR39 and 1.53 for Trivex).

[0086] In some examples, the refractive index of the protrusion material is selected to be within 0.1 (e.g., 0.09 or less, 0.08 or less, 0.07 or less, 0.06 or less, 0.05 or less, 0.04 or less, 0.03 or less, 0.02 or less, 0.01 or less, 0.005 or less, 0.002 or less, 0.001 or less) of the refractive index of the lens material (e.g., measured at one or more wavelengths within the visible light range).

[0087] In certain embodiments, there may be a greater refractive index mismatch (e.g., more than 0.1). For example, the refractive index of the protrusion material can be selected such that its refractive index differs from the refractive index of the lens material by 0.15 or more (e.g., 0.2 or more, 0.25 or more, 0.3 or more, 0.35 or more, such as up to about 0.4).

[0088] Figure 7B Another example is shown, where lens 710 includes a scattering center formed by a groove 712 formed in the concave surface of lens body 711. The grooves can be formed using a variety of techniques, such as etching (e.g., physical etching or chemical etching) or ablating material from the lens surface (e.g., using laser radiation or a molecular beam or an ion beam). In some examples, the grooves are formed when the lens is molded. In some cases, each of the grooves in the groove can correspond to a certain area of the lens surface, in which enough material is removed to make the surface rough, such that the lens surface scatters rather than refracts the incident light.

[0089] In another example, the lens 720 includes scattering centers 722 composed of inclusions in the lens body 721. The scattering centers as inclusions are typically formed of a material having a refractive index mismatch with the bulk lens material. For example, during lens molding, transparent beads of appropriate size can be dispersed in the lens material, where the refractive index of the bead material and the bulk lens material are different. The clear aperture can be formed only of the bulk lens material.

[0090] Typically, the refractive index of each scattering center can be the same or different. For example, when the scattering centers are each formed of the same material, each scattering center can have the same refractive index. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the refractive index can vary from scattering center to scattering center, or between different groups of scattering centers. For example, in certain embodiments, the refractive index mismatch between the scattering centers and the lens bulk material increases with an increase in the radial distance from the lens axis, such that as the radial distance from the lens axis increases, the amount of light scattered from each scattering center also increases.

[0091] In some instances, the scattering centers can be formed of a material such as a dye that absorbs at least a portion of the incident light. These materials can be selected to absorb broadband visible light, or only light of a specific wavelength (e.g., absorb short wavelength components or long wavelength components). It is believed that the light absorbing material can help reduce glare and / or provide another design parameter for shaping the point spread function of the scattering center. In some embodiments, exposure to radiation can cause the lens material to change from transparent to absorbing at certain wavelengths. For example, the exposed radiation can burn the lens material, thereby forming light absorbing centers in or on the surface of the lens material.

[0092] Typically, scattering centers can be formed from the lens in a variety of ways. US10,884,264 B2 discloses such a method, and its entire text is incorporated herein by reference.

[0093] In some examples, the embedded scattering centers can be formed by using a process that selectively causes a refractive index change in the lens bulk material. For example, exposure to a laser beam can cause a local change in the refractive index of the lens material bulk, such as by photochemical and / or photothermal interactions.

[0094] Typically, lenses with positive, negative, or zero optical power can be used.

[0095] The lenses 700, 710, and 720 can include one or more coatings on either or both surfaces. The optical coating 606 can perform one or more functions, such as anti-reflection, spectral filtering (e.g., UV filtering), or providing a protective hard coating.

[0096] In some examples, the contrast reduction is achieved by other diffusive structures such as a rough surface. A holographic diffuser or a ground glass diffuser can be used. In some embodiments, the diffuser can be provided by a film laminated to the lens surface.

[0097] Typically, the refractive index mismatch between the lens material and the scattering center material affects the amount of light scattered at each bump, e.g., calculated using a point spread function. Typically, the greater the refractive index mismatch between the materials, the more incident light is scattered. Thus, the refractive index mismatch can be used as a design parameter to optimize the scattering characteristics of the scattering centers.

[0098] Typically, various different metrics can be used to evaluate the performance of the scattering center pattern to optimize the amount and angle of scattering for an optical solution for myopia management. For example, the scattering center pattern can be optimized empirically, e.g., based on physical measurements of lenses with different scattering center patterns. For example, wide-angle light scattering can be characterized based on haze measurements, such as international test standards for haze (e.g., ASTM D1003 and BS EN ISO 13468). A conventional haze meter, such as a BYK-Gardner haze meter (such as the Haze-Gard Plus instrument), can be used to measure the amount of light that passes completely through the lens, the amount of undisturbed transmitted light (e.g., within 0.5 degrees), the amount of light deflected more than 2.5 degrees, and the clarity (amount of light within 2.5 degrees). Narrow-angle scattering can be used to represent clarity, and wide-angle scattering can be used to represent wide-angle scattering in the material. Other devices can also be used to characterize light scattering to optimize the scattering pattern empirically. For example, a device that measures light diffusion by measuring annular light around 2.5 degrees (e.g., a device from Hornell) can be used.

[0099] In some embodiments, the haze of the transition region can be in the range of 1% to 20% (e.g., 1% or more, 2% or more, 3% or more, 4% or more, 5% or more, 6% or more, 7% or more, 8% or more, 9% or more, such as 18% or less, 15% or less, 14% or less, 13% or less, 12% or less, 11% or less, 10% or less; e.g., 3% to 15%, 5% to 10%). In certain embodiments, the haze of the MS region can be in the range of 5% to 50% (e.g., 8% or more, 10% or more, 12% or more, 15% or more, such as 40% or less, 30% or less, 25% or less, 20% or less, 15% or less; e.g., 5% to 25%, 10% to 25%).

[0100] Alternatively, or additionally, the scattering center pattern can be optimized by computer modeling software (e.g., Zemax or CodeV).

[0101] In some examples, the scattering center pattern can be designed based on the optimization of the point spread function, which is a representation of the image of the scattering center on the retina. For example, the size, shape, and spacing of the scattering centers can be varied to evenly distribute the illumination of the retina, such that the retina outside the fovea is uniformly covered by scattered light, thereby reducing (e.g., minimizing) the contrast in that region of the retina.

[0102] Alternatively, or additionally, the scattering center pattern can be designed based on the optimization of the modulation transfer function, which refers to the spatial frequency response of the human visual system. For example, the size, shape, and spacing of the scattering centers can be varied to smooth the attenuation of a range of spatial frequencies. The design parameters of the scattering center pattern can be varied to increase or decrease certain spatial frequencies as desired. Generally, the spatial frequencies of visual interest are 18 cycles per degree on the fine side and 1.5 cycles per degree on the coarse side. The scattering center pattern can be designed to provide enhanced signals on certain subsets of spatial frequencies within this range.

[0103] The above metrics can be used to evaluate the scattering center pattern based on the size and / or shape of the scattering centers, both of which can be varied as desired. For example, the scattering centers can be substantially circular (e.g., spherical), elongated (e.g., elliptical), or irregular in shape. Generally, the scattering centers have a size that is large enough to scatter visible light but small enough such that the wearer cannot resolve them during normal use (e.g., as Figure 1B and 1C depicted in terms of diameter). For example, the scattering centers can have a diameter in the range of about 0.001 mm or more (e.g., about 0.005 mm or more, about 0.01 mm or more, about 0.015 mm or more, about 0.02 mm or more, about 0.025 mm or more, about 0.03 mm or more, about 0.035 mm or more, about 0.04 mm or more, about 0.045 mm or more, about 0.05 mm or more, about 0.055 mm or more, about 0.06 mm or more, about 0.07 mm or more, about 0.08 mm or more, about 0.09 mm or more, about 0.1 mm) to about 1 mm or less (e.g., about 0.9 mm or less, about 0.8 mm or less, about 0.7 mm or less, about 0.6 mm or less, about 0.5 mm or less, about 0.4 mm or less, about 0.3 mm or less, about 0.2 mm or less, about 0.1 mm).

[0104] Note that for smaller scattering centers, such as those having dimensions comparable to the wavelength of light (e.g., from 0.001 mm to about 0.05 mm), light scattering can be considered Rayleigh scattering or Mie scattering. For larger scattering centers, such as about 0.1 mm or more, light scattering may be due to geometric scattering.

[0105] As described above, in some examples, the lens can have a smallest scattering center closest to the center of the lens, and the size of the scattering centers can increase with increasing radial distance from the center. In some cases, the distribution of the sizes of the scattering centers may be such that Rayleigh / Mie scattering dominates closer to the center of the lens, while geometric scattering dominates towards the periphery. For example, the scattering centers closest to the center of the lens can have a maximum size in the range from 0.01 mm to 0.1 mm (e.g., from 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm, from 0.25 mm to 0.5 mm), while the scattering centers furthest from the center of the lens have a size in the range from 0.25 mm to 1 mm (e.g., from 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm, from 0.4 mm to 0.75 mm, from 0.5 mm to 0.6 mm). The size of the scattering centers can increase monotonically outward from the center of the lens (e.g., linearly, geometrically). The size and / or the increase in size of the scattering centers can be the same in any direction from the center of the lens, or can be different along different radial directions.

[0106] Typically, an ophthalmic lens can be transparent or tinted. That is, the lens can be optically transparent to all visible wavelengths, appearing clear and / or colorless, or can include a spectral filter and appear colored. For example, an ophthalmic lens can include a filter that reduces the amount of red light transmitted to the wearer. It is believed that overstimulation of the L cones in the human eye (especially in children) can lead to non-optimal eye elongation and myopia. Thus, spectral filtering of red light using an ophthalmic lens can further reduce myopia in the wearer.

[0107] Spectral filtering can be achieved by applying a thin film to the surface of the lens. The thin film can be applied by physically depositing a material onto the surface of the lens, coating a layer of material onto the surface, or laminating a prefabricated thin film onto the surface. Suitable materials include absorptive filter materials (e.g., dyes) or multilayer films for providing interference filtering. In some embodiments, spectral filtering can be achieved by including a filter material in the lens material itself and / or in the material used to form the bumps.

[0108] Although the above example ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens, more generally, the principles described herein can be implemented in other types of ophthalmic lenses, such as contact lenses and intraocular lenses.

[0109] Among other embodiments, the present disclosure is also characterized by the following embodiments, presented individually and / or in any combination.

[0110] Generally, in a first aspect, the present disclosure describes an ophthalmic lens comprising: a lens body having a first curved surface and a second curved surface opposite the first curved surface, the lens body having a center point; a light diffusion region comprising a plurality of scattering centers sized and shaped to scatter incident light, the density of the scattering centers varying over the light diffusion region, the light diffusion region comprising: a first region surrounding the center point having the highest density of scattering centers in the light diffusion region; and a second region located between the first region and the center point having a lower density of scattering centers than the first region, wherein the second region extends to a point on the upper edge of the lens at least 15 mm or more distant from the center point in at least one radial direction.

[0111] In some embodiments, the density of the scattering centers in the second region increases as the distance from the center point increases in at least one radial direction.

[0112] In some embodiments, the density increases monotonically.

[0113] In some embodiments, the density increases linearly.

[0114] In some embodiments, the density increases non-linearly.

[0115] In some embodiments, the second region extends to a point on the upper edge of the lens at least 18 mm or more distant from the center point in at least one radial direction.

[0116] In some embodiments, the second region extends to a point on the upper edge of the lens at least 20 mm or more distant from the center point in at least one radial direction.

[0117] In some embodiments, the second region extends to a point on the upper edge of the lens at least 25 mm or more distant from the center point in at least one radial direction.

[0118] The ophthalmic lens further comprises a clear aperture located at the center point and surrounded by the second region, such as a transition region.

[0119] In some embodiments, the clear aperture has a radial dimension in the range of 1 mm to 5 mm in at least one radial direction.

[0120] In some embodiments, the density is a number density.

[0121] In some embodiments, the density is a surface density.

[0122] In some embodiments, the average size of the scattering centers in the second region is smaller than the average size of the scattering centers in the first region.

[0123] In some embodiments, the average size of the scattering centers in the second region increases along at least one radial direction.

[0124] In some embodiments, the first region has a haze of 5% or more (e.g., 5% to 30%, 5% to 25%, 5% to 20%, 5% to 15%, 5% to 10%).

[0125] In some embodiments, the haze of the second region is 20% or less (e.g., 1% to 20%, 1% to 15%, 1% to 10%, 1% to 5%).

[0126] In some embodiments, the light diffusion region is a circular region.

[0127] In some embodiments, the first region occupies an annular region.

[0128] In some embodiments, the second region occupies an annular region or a circular region.

[0129] In some embodiments, the pattern of the scattering centers is not continuously rotationally symmetric.

[0130] In some embodiments, the scattering centers are located on the first surface.

[0131] In some embodiments, the scattering centers are embedded in the lens material.

[0132] In some embodiments, each scattering center has a maximum size of 1 mm or less (e.g., 0.8 mm or less, 0.5 mm or less, 0.4 mm or less, 0.2 mm or less, e.g., 0.01 mm or more, 0.03 mm or more, 0.05 mm or more, 0.07 mm or more, 0.1 mm or more, 0.15 mm or more).

[0133] In some embodiments, the size of the scattering centers increases monotonically from the center point to the first region along at least one radial direction.

[0134] In some embodiments, the size of the scattering centers increases monotonically from the center point to the first region along each radial direction.

[0135] In some embodiments, the size of the scattering centers increases from a minimum scattering center size in the range of 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm to a maximum scattering center size of 0.1 mm or more (e.g., 0.2 mm or more, 0.3 mm or more, 0.4 mm or more, 0.5 mm or more, 0.6 mm or more, 0.7 mm or more, 0.8 mm or more, 0.9 mm or more, such as 1 mm or less).

[0136] In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

[0137] In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens is a contact lens.

[0138] Multiple embodiments are described. Other embodiments are in the following claims.

Claims

1. An ophthalmic lens, comprising: A lens body having a first curved surface and a second curved surface opposite to the first curved surface, and the lens body having a center point; A light diffusion region including a plurality of scattering centers, the size and shape of the scattering centers being adapted to scatter incident light, and the density of the scattering centers varying within the light diffusion region, the light diffusion region including: A first region surrounding the center point, the first region having the highest density of scattering centers within the light diffusion region; and A second region located between the first region and the center point, the second region having a density of scattering centers lower than that of the first region, wherein the second region extends in at least one radial direction measured from the center point to a point on the lens that is 15 mm or more away from the center point.

2. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein the density of the scattering centers in the second region increases as the distance from the center point increases along the at least one radial direction.

3. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 2, wherein the density increases monotonically.

4. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 2, wherein the density increases linearly.

5. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 2, wherein the density increases non-linearly.

6. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second region extends in the at least one radial direction to a point on the lens that is 18 mm or more away from the center point.

7. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second region extends in the at least one radial direction to a point on the lens that is 20 mm or more away from the center point.

8. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second region extends in the at least one radial direction to a point on the lens that is 25 mm or more away from the center point.

9. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: A clear aperture located at the center point and surrounded by the second region.

10. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 9, wherein the radial dimension of the clear aperture along the at least one radial direction is in the range of 1 mm to 5 mm.

11. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1 of the preceding claims, wherein the density is a number density.

12. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1 of the preceding claims, wherein the density is a surface density.

13. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the average size of the scattering centers in the second region is smaller than the average size of the scattering centers in the first region.

14. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the average size of the scattering centers in the second region increases along the at least one radial direction.

15. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the haze of the first region is 5% or more.

16. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein The haze of the second region is 20% or less.

17. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the light diffusion region is a circular region.

18. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 17, wherein the first region occupies an annular region.

19. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 18, wherein the second region occupies an annular region or a circular region.

20. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the pattern of the scattering centers is not continuously rotationally symmetric.

21. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein the scattering centers are located on the first surface.

22. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein the scattering centers are embedded in the lens material.

23. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein the maximum size of each scattering center is 1 mm or less.

24. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the size of the scattering centers increases monotonically from the center point to the first region along at least one radial direction.

25. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 24, wherein the size of the scattering centers increases monotonically from the center point to the first region along each radial direction.

26. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 24, wherein the size of the scattering centers increases from a minimum scattering center size in the range from 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm to a maximum scattering center size of 0.1 mm or greater.

27. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

28. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a contact lens.

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