A system and method for monitoring stability of a columnar dangerous rock in a reservoir area

Abstract

This invention discloses a system and method for monitoring the stability of columnar unstable rock formations in a reservoir area, comprising a damage sampling subsystem, a damage monitoring subsystem, and a central control subsystem. The damage sampling subsystem samples the columnar unstable rock base at different elevations in the reservoir area to obtain indoor acoustic emission characteristics of damage and rupture. The damage monitoring subsystem monitors the acoustic emission signals of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area in real time, obtaining real-time acoustic emission signals at different times. The central control subsystem determines whether there is similarity between the real-time acoustic emission characteristics at different times and the indoor acoustic emission characteristics of damage and rupture, and if similarity is determined, locates the real-time acoustic emission signals at different times and performs early warning analysis. This invention, by conducting real-time damage monitoring of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area, enables stability monitoring and early warning of columnar unstable rock formations in the reservoir area, reduces the risk of geological disasters in the reservoir area, improves the geological disaster monitoring and early warning capabilities, and ensures the safety of people's lives and property.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological disaster research, specifically to a system and method for monitoring the stability of columnar unstable rocks in reservoir areas. Background Technology

[0002] The value of the Yangtze River's "golden waterway" is gradually increasing, and the cargo throughput of ports along the Yangtze River has ranked first in the world for 18 consecutive years. However, the reservoir area has numerous columnar unstable rocks, posing significant potential hazards that seriously affect navigation safety on the Yangtze River's "golden waterway," threaten the lives and property of the people, and hinder the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

[0003] Columnar unstable rocks in reservoir areas differ from typical slope unstable rocks. These are generally large, tower-shaped or near-tower-shaped unstable rocks with a length-to-width ratio between 1 and 3 and a height-to-diameter ratio greater than 3. Their failure modes mainly include compressional fracturing and buckling failure, base slippage failure, and toppling instability failure. Due to the periodic rise and fall of reservoir water, the base of the columnar unstable rocks is in a long-term state of wet-dry cycle, leading to fatigue damage and deterioration of the rock mass. The repeated rise and fall of reservoir water levels caused by natural conditions and human engineering activities result in soaking, vibration, dissolution, and scouring effects on the reservoir bank rock mass, leading to significant damage and deterioration of the rock mass at the base of the columnar unstable rocks. This combined effect ultimately causes a significant decrease in the strength of the rock mass at the base of the columnar unstable rocks, greatly weakening their stability. Previous studies have shown that the perennial periodic impoundment and discharge of water in the Three Gorges Reservoir area causes severe damage and deterioration to the rock mass at the base of the columnar unstable rocks. Due to the large number and wide distribution of columnar unstable rocks along the Three Gorges Reservoir area, these rocks, which have been subjected to long-term fatigue damage, pose a significant hidden danger to navigation on the Yangtze River's golden waterway.

[0004] Currently, the identification of reservoir stability mainly relies on conventional field map surveys or conventional engineering surveys. These methods depend heavily on the experience of professionals, and because the coverage is limited, they usually require a large investment of human resources, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0005] In conclusion, how to select economical, safe, and reasonable monitoring devices for real-time monitoring of columnar unstable rocks and timely early warning, scientifically preventing rockfalls, and thus ensuring the safe and smooth passage of the Yangtze River's golden waterway and protecting the lives and property of the people, has become an urgent problem for those skilled in the art to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings mentioned above, this invention provides a system and method for monitoring the stability of columnar unstable rocks in reservoir areas. By conducting real-time damage monitoring of the foundations of columnar unstable rocks in reservoir areas, the system enables stability monitoring and early warning of columnar unstable rocks in reservoir areas, thereby mitigating the risk of geological disasters in reservoir areas, improving the ability to monitor and warn of geological disasters, and ensuring the safety of people's lives and property.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A system for monitoring the stability of columnar unstable rocks in a reservoir area includes a damage sampling subsystem, a damage monitoring subsystem, and a central control subsystem;

[0009] The damage sampling subsystem is used to sample different elevations of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area, and to collect and extract features of the damage and fracture acoustic emission signals of the sampled samples at different elevations to obtain the indoor damage and fracture acoustic emission characteristics of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area.

[0010] The damage monitoring subsystem is used to monitor the acoustic emission signals of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area in real time, and obtain the real-time acoustic emission signals at different times.

[0011] The central control subsystem is used to store the acoustic emission characteristics of the indoor damage rupture and process real-time acoustic emission signals at different times. It acquires real-time acoustic emission characteristics at different times, and based on the acoustic emission characteristics of the indoor damage rupture, it determines whether there is similarity between the real-time acoustic emission characteristics at different times and the acoustic emission characteristics of the indoor damage rupture. When it is determined that there is similarity, it locates the real-time acoustic emission signals at different times and performs early warning analysis.

[0012] In the aforementioned system for monitoring the stability of columnar unstable rocks in the reservoir area, as a preferred embodiment, the damage sampling subsystem includes a compression test module and a statistical analysis module;

[0013] The compression test module is used to construct specimens by sampling samples at different elevations, conduct uniaxial compression tests indoors, obtain acoustic emission signals of damage and rupture at different elevations of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area, and obtain the propagation speed of the acoustic emission signals of the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area.

[0014] The statistical analysis module is used to analyze the acoustic emission characteristics of damage and rupture at different elevations and obtain the damage and rupture spectrum characteristics of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area.

[0015] In the aforementioned system for monitoring the stability of columnar unstable rocks in the reservoir area, as a preferred embodiment, the damage monitoring subsystem includes a conduit fixed to one side of the base surface of the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area. The conduit is a hollow pipe, and a damage monitoring array for damage location and signal acquisition is installed at the bottom end of the conduit. The damage monitoring array includes four monitors, namely monitor J1, monitor J2, monitor J3, and monitor J4. The four monitors are arranged in a non-linear manner in the conduit, and the monitoring signal output terminals of the four monitors are connected to a signal transmission tower located at the top of the conduit. The signal transmission tower is used for wireless data transmission of the monitoring signals from the four monitors. A battery for powering the damage monitoring array and the signal transmission tower is fixedly installed inside the top of the conduit, and the battery is connected to a solar panel installed at the top of the conduit.

[0016] In the aforementioned system for monitoring the stability of columnar unstable rocks in the reservoir area, as a preferred embodiment, the central control subsystem uses indoor damage and rupture acoustic emission characteristics as a basis to determine whether there is similarity between the real-time acoustic emission characteristics at different times and the indoor damage characteristics. When similarity is determined, the process for locating the real-time acoustic emission signals at different times and performing early warning analysis is as follows:

[0017] S1. Based on the acoustic emission characteristics of indoor damage and rupture, determine whether the similarity between the real-time acoustic emission characteristics at the current moment and the acoustic emission characteristics of indoor damage and rupture is greater than or equal to a preset threshold. If it is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, proceed to step S2; if it is less than the preset threshold, proceed to step S3.

[0018] S2. Determine that the real-time acoustic emission signal at the current moment is a rupture signal, construct a columnar unstable rock base model in the reservoir area, spatially locate the rupture signal, obtain the spatial coordinates of the rupture signal, and scan the real-time acoustic emission signal at the current moment according to the spatial coordinates of the rupture signal to obtain the specific location of the rupture signal in the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area.

[0019] S3. Set the next moment as the current moment and return to step S1;

[0020] S4. Repeat steps S1-S3. When the number of rupture signals increases, the area formed by the specific location of the rupture signals at different times in the columnar unstable rock base of the reservoir area is the damage area of ​​the columnar unstable rock base of the reservoir area. Based on the damage area, determine the damage depth of the columnar unstable rock base of the reservoir area.

[0021] S5. Calculate the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base based on the damage depth of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area; compare the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base with the safety factor of the unstable rock. If the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base is less than or equal to the safety factor of the unstable rock, the unstable rock in the reservoir area is determined to be in an unstable state, and the system issues a warning of unstable rock collapse in the reservoir area; if the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base is greater than the safety factor of the unstable rock, the unstable rock in the reservoir area is determined to be in a stable state, and the unstable rock in the reservoir area is safe.

[0022] In the aforementioned system for monitoring the stability of columnar unstable rocks in the reservoir area, as a preferred option, in step S2, the specific location of the rupture signal at the base of the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area is solved using the following equation:

[0023]

[0024]

[0025]

[0026] Where x, y, and z are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the rupture signal in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area; x1, y1, and z1 are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the J1 monitor in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area; x2, y2, and z2 are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the J2 monitor in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area; x4, y4, and z4 are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the J4 monitor in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area; and d 13 d represents the distance difference between monitor J1 and monitor J3. 23 d represents the distance difference between monitor J2 and monitor J3. 43 This represents the distance difference between monitor J4 and monitor J3.

[0027] Based on the propagation speed of the acoustic emission signal from the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area and the signal reception time of each monitor, the distance difference between each monitor is obtained. Then, according to the above equation, the specific location of the rupture signal at the base of the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area is determined.

[0028]

[0029]

[0030]

[0031] Where v is the propagation speed of acoustic emission signals from the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area; t1, t2, t3, and t4 are the times when monitors J1, J2, J3, and J4 receive signals, respectively.

[0032] In the aforementioned system for monitoring the stability of columnar unstable rocks in the reservoir area, as a preferred embodiment, in step S5, the safety factor F of the unstable rock is... S Calculated using the following formula:

[0033]

[0034] Among them, F S Where W is the safety factor for the unstable rock, a is the self-weight of the unstable rock, and f is the horizontal distance from the center of gravity of the unstable rock to the exposed surface of the base. lk Here, H represents the standard value of the tensile strength of the unstable rock, e represents the vertical height of the unstable rock, β represents the vertical height of the section through which the rear edge fracture penetrates, and l represents the dip angle of the rear edge fracture. b f is the contact length between the unstable rock and the base. 0k f is the standard value of the tensile strength between the unstable rock and the base. When the base is rock mass, f 0k =f lk P is the horizontal seismic force, h0 is the vertical distance from the center of gravity of the unstable rock to the exposed surface of the base, Q is the water pressure in the fissure at the rear edge of the unstable rock, and e1 is the vertical height of the fissure filled with water at the rear edge.

[0035] Based on the damage depth of the columnar rock foundation, the stability coefficient F of the columnar rock foundation is... S ' is calculated using the following formula:

[0036]

[0037] Among them, F S ′ represents the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base, and d represents the damage depth.

[0038] Accordingly, the present invention also provides a method for monitoring damage to columnar unstable rocks in a reservoir area, comprising the following steps:

[0039] Sampling was conducted at different elevations of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area. Damage and fracture acoustic emission signals were collected and feature extracted from the sampled samples at different elevations to obtain the indoor damage and fracture acoustic emission characteristics of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area.

[0040] Real-time acoustic emission signal monitoring was conducted on the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area to obtain real-time acoustic emission signals at different times;

[0041] The system stores the acoustic emission characteristics of indoor damage and rupture and processes real-time acoustic emission signals at different times. It obtains real-time acoustic emission characteristics at different times and, based on the acoustic emission characteristics of indoor damage and rupture, determines whether there is similarity between the real-time acoustic emission characteristics at different times and the acoustic emission characteristics of indoor damage and rupture. If similarity is determined, the system locates the real-time acoustic emission signals at different times and performs early warning analysis.

[0042] In the aforementioned method for monitoring the stability of columnar unstable rocks in reservoir areas, as a preferred embodiment, the process of determining whether the real-time acoustic emission characteristics at different times are similar to the indoor damage characteristics, and locating and performing early warning analysis on the real-time acoustic emission signals at different times when similarity is determined, based on the acoustic emission characteristics of indoor damage rupture, is as follows:

[0043] S1. Based on the acoustic emission characteristics of indoor damage and rupture, determine whether the similarity between the real-time acoustic emission characteristics at the current moment and the acoustic emission characteristics of indoor damage and rupture is greater than or equal to a preset threshold. If it is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, proceed to step S2; if it is less than the preset threshold, proceed to step S3.

[0044] S2. Determine that the real-time acoustic emission signal at the current moment is a rupture signal, construct a columnar unstable rock base model in the reservoir area, spatially locate the rupture signal, obtain the spatial coordinates of the rupture signal, and scan the real-time acoustic emission signal at the current moment according to the spatial coordinates of the rupture signal to obtain the specific location of the rupture signal in the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area.

[0045] S3. Set the next moment as the current moment and return to step S1;

[0046] S4. Repeat steps S1-S3. When the number of rupture signals increases, the area formed by the specific location of the rupture signals at different times in the columnar unstable rock base of the reservoir area is the damage area of ​​the columnar unstable rock base of the reservoir area. Based on the damage area, determine the damage depth of the columnar unstable rock base of the reservoir area.

[0047] S5. Calculate the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base based on the damage depth of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area; compare the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base with the safety factor of the unstable rock. If the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base is less than or equal to the safety factor of the unstable rock, the unstable rock in the reservoir area is determined to be in an unstable state, and the system issues a warning of unstable rock collapse in the reservoir area; if the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base is greater than the safety factor of the unstable rock, the unstable rock in the reservoir area is determined to be in a stable state, and the unstable rock in the reservoir area is safe.

[0048] In the above-mentioned method for monitoring the stability of columnar unstable rocks in the reservoir area, as a preferred option, in step S2, the specific location of the rupture signal at the base of the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area is solved by the following equation:

[0049]

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] Where x, y, and z are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the rupture signal in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area; x1, y1, and z1 are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the J1 monitor in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area; x2, y2, and z2 are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the J2 monitor in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area; x4, y4, and z4 are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the J4 monitor in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area; and d 13 d represents the distance difference between monitor J1 and monitor J3. 23 d represents the distance difference between monitor J2 and monitor J3. 43 This represents the distance difference between monitor J4 and monitor J3.

[0053] Based on the propagation speed of the acoustic emission signal from the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area and the signal reception time of each monitor, the distance difference between each monitor is obtained. Then, according to the above equation, the specific location of the rupture signal at the base of the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area is determined.

[0054]

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] Where v is the propagation speed of acoustic emission signals from the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area; t1, t2, t3, and t4 are the times when monitors J1, J2, J3, and J4 receive signals, respectively.

[0058] In the above-mentioned method for monitoring the stability of columnar unstable rocks in reservoir areas, as a preferred embodiment, in step S5, the safety factor F of the unstable rock is... S Calculated using the following formula:

[0059]

[0060] Among them, F S Where W is the safety factor for the unstable rock, a is the self-weight of the unstable rock, and f is the horizontal distance from the center of gravity of the unstable rock to the exposed surface of the base. lk Here, H represents the standard value of the tensile strength of the unstable rock, e represents the vertical height of the unstable rock, β represents the vertical height of the section through which the rear edge fracture penetrates, and l represents the dip angle of the rear edge fracture. b f is the contact length between the unstable rock and the base. 0k f is the standard value of the tensile strength between the unstable rock and the base. When the base is rock mass, f 0k =f lk P is the horizontal seismic force, h0 is the vertical distance from the center of gravity of the unstable rock to the exposed surface of the base, Q is the water pressure in the fissure at the rear edge of the unstable rock, and e1 is the vertical height of the fissure filled with water at the rear edge.

[0061] Based on the damage depth of the columnar rock foundation, the stability coefficient F of the columnar rock foundation is... S ' is calculated using the following formula:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, F S ′ represents the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base, and d represents the damage depth.

[0064] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0065] (1) This invention utilizes a damage monitoring array to collect real-time acoustic emission signals of columnar unstable rock bases in reservoir areas. Through a three-dimensional spatial positioning method, the specific location of the fracture signal in the columnar unstable rock bases in reservoir areas is obtained by inversion, thereby constructing the base damage area and determining the base damage depth. By monitoring the damage depth of the columnar unstable rock bases in reservoir areas, the stability of columnar unstable rock bases in reservoir areas can be monitored and warned.

[0066] (2) This invention transmits real-time acoustic emission signals wirelessly, avoiding noise interference and signal attenuation during transmission. It is powered by solar energy and uses a battery to store solar energy, eliminating the need for complicated battery replacements. This ensures the long-term, all-weather operation of the damage monitoring subsystem and does not cause significant damage or impact on the dangerous rock. Attached Figure Description

[0067] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the invention clearer, the invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0068] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a system for monitoring the stability of columnar unstable rocks in a reservoir area, according to the present invention.

[0069] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the stability monitoring of columnar unstable rocks in the reservoir area according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 3 This is a side view of the monitoring of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 4 This is a front view of the monitoring of columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the signal localization principle of columnar unstable rock rupture in the reservoir area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0073] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the damage to the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0074] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1 Damage sampling subsystem, 2 Central control subsystem, 3 Damage monitoring subsystem, 31 Signal transmission tower, 32 Solar panel, 33 Conduit, 34 Damage monitoring array, 341J1 monitor, 342J2 monitor, 343J3 monitor, 344J4 monitor, 35 Battery, 4 Columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area. Detailed Implementation

[0075] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but only to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0076] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0077] Current stability monitoring of columnar unstable rock formations in reservoir areas mainly relies on the experience of professionals. Due to limited coverage, this method typically requires significant human resources, is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and often suffers from low accuracy, prone to misjudgments and missed detections. To address these problems and shortcomings, this invention utilizes a damage monitoring array within a damage monitoring subsystem to monitor the foundation of unstable rock formations in the reservoir area in real time. This obtains real-time acoustic emission signals at different times, and through comprehensive analysis of these signals, the foundation rupture signal is determined. Furthermore, the central control subsystem performs inversion calculations on the rupture signal to determine its specific location within the foundation and the damage depth, thereby assessing the stability of the columnar unstable rock formations in the reservoir area. This improves the accuracy of stability monitoring and enhances the precision of early warning systems.

[0078] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention discloses a system for monitoring the stability of columnar unstable rocks in a reservoir area, characterized in that it includes a damage sampling subsystem 1, a damage monitoring subsystem 3, and a central control subsystem 2;

[0079] The damage sampling subsystem 1 is used to sample different elevations of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area, and to collect and extract features of the damage and fracture acoustic emission signals of the sampled samples at different elevations to obtain the indoor damage and fracture acoustic emission characteristics of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area.

[0080] The damage monitoring subsystem 3 is used to monitor the acoustic emission signals of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area in real time, and obtain the real-time acoustic emission signals at different times.

[0081] The central control subsystem 2 is used to store the acoustic emission characteristics of the indoor damage rupture and process the real-time acoustic emission signals at different times. It acquires the real-time acoustic emission characteristics at different times, and based on the acoustic emission characteristics of the indoor damage rupture, it determines whether the real-time acoustic emission characteristics at different times are similar to the acoustic emission characteristics of the indoor damage rupture. When it is determined that there is similarity, it locates the real-time acoustic emission signals at different times and performs early warning analysis.

[0082] In this invention, a field survey is conducted on columnar unstable rocks in the reservoir area, and the indoor rupture acoustic emission signals of the columnar unstable rock base are analyzed and obtained. By collecting the acoustic emission signals of the base in real time, the system performs stability analysis on the unstable rocks in the reservoir area based on the indoor rupture acoustic emission signals, thereby analyzing whether the bearing capacity of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area has failed. This avoids the problems of misjudgment and omission caused by human judgment and ensures the accuracy of stability monitoring of columnar unstable rocks in the reservoir area.

[0083] In specific implementation, the damage sampling subsystem 1 includes a compression test module and a statistical analysis module. The compression test module is used to construct specimens from the sampling samples at different elevations, conduct uniaxial compression tests indoors, obtain the acoustic emission signals of damage and fracture at different elevations of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area, and obtain the propagation velocity of the acoustic emission signals of the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area. The statistical analysis module is used to analyze the acoustic emission characteristics of damage and fracture at different elevations and obtain the damage and fracture spectrum characteristics of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area.

[0084] Specifically, rock samples were collected from three typical elevations in the reservoir area: 150m (long-term immersion), 170m (short-term immersion), and 185m (no immersion), while maintaining their original state as much as possible. Indoor compression tests were conducted on these samples, and the damage spectrum characteristics of the columnar unstable rock bases in the reservoir area were analyzed. The propagation velocity of acoustic emission signals within the rock mass was also obtained through indoor compression tests and used as the propagation velocity of acoustic emission signals from the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area. Compared to traditional techniques, which mostly focus on investigating rock masses that have already fractured, making it difficult to identify potential rock mass fracture hazards, this invention uses uniaxial compression tests on the rock mass to disrupt its internal structure, obtaining the acoustic emission characteristics of rock mass fracture. This is used as the basis for determining whether the real-time acoustic emission signal is a fracture signal, thereby improving the accuracy of system stability monitoring. Simultaneously, stability monitoring of unstable rocks in the reservoir area that have not yet fractured reduces the threat posed by columnar unstable rocks to the lives and property of the people.

[0085] In specific implementation, such as Figure 2-4 As shown, the damage monitoring subsystem 3 includes a conduit 33 fixed to one side of the surface of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area. The conduit 33 is a hollow pipe. A damage monitoring array 34 for damage location and signal acquisition is set at the bottom end of the conduit 33. The damage monitoring array 34 includes four monitors, namely monitor J1 341, monitor J2 342, monitor J3, and monitor J4. The four monitors are arranged in a non-linear manner in the conduit 33, and the monitoring signal output terminals of the four monitors are connected to a signal transmission tower 31 located at the top of the conduit 33. The signal transmission tower 31 is used for wireless data transmission of the monitoring signals of the four monitors. A battery 35 for powering the damage monitoring array 34 and the signal transmission tower 31 is fixedly installed inside the top of the conduit 33. The battery 35 is connected to a solar panel 32 installed at the top of the conduit 33.

[0086] In this invention, the real-time acoustic emission signal captured by the damage monitoring array 34 is wirelessly transmitted to the central control subsystem 2 using a signal transmission tower 31, avoiding noise interference and signal attenuation during transmission. Solar energy is collected by solar panels 32 to power the damage monitoring subsystem 3. Energy is stored during the day and converted into electrical energy and stored in a battery 35 to power the damage monitoring array 34 and the signal transmission tower 31. There is no need to replace the battery frequently during operation, ensuring that the damage monitoring subsystem 3 can work around the clock without causing significant damage or impact on the unstable rock.

[0087] In specific implementation, the central control subsystem 2 uses the acoustic emission characteristics of indoor damage and rupture as a basis to determine whether there is similarity between the real-time acoustic emission characteristics at different times and the indoor damage characteristics. When similarity is determined, the process of locating the real-time acoustic emission signals at different times and performing early warning analysis is as follows:

[0088] S1. Based on the acoustic emission characteristics of indoor damage and rupture, determine whether the similarity between the real-time acoustic emission characteristics at the current moment and the acoustic emission characteristics of indoor damage and rupture is greater than or equal to a preset threshold. If it is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, proceed to step S2; if it is less than the preset threshold, proceed to step S3.

[0089] S2. Determine that the real-time acoustic emission signal at the current moment is a rupture signal, construct a columnar unstable rock base model in the reservoir area, spatially locate the rupture signal, obtain the spatial coordinates of the rupture signal, and scan the real-time acoustic emission signal at the current moment according to the spatial coordinates of the rupture signal to obtain the specific location of the rupture signal in the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area.

[0090] S3. Set the next moment as the current moment and return to step S1;

[0091] S4. Repeat steps S1-S3. When the number of rupture signals increases, the area formed by the specific location of the rupture signals at different times in the columnar unstable rock base of the reservoir area is the damage area of ​​the columnar unstable rock base of the reservoir area. Based on the damage area, determine the damage depth of the columnar unstable rock base of the reservoir area.

[0092] S5. Calculate the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base based on the damage depth of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area; compare the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base with the safety factor of the unstable rock. If the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base is less than or equal to the safety factor of the unstable rock, the unstable rock in the reservoir area is determined to be in an unstable state, and the system issues a warning of unstable rock collapse in the reservoir area; if the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base is greater than the safety factor of the unstable rock, the unstable rock in the reservoir area is determined to be in a stable state, and the unstable rock in the reservoir area is safe.

[0093] like Figure 6As shown, in step S4, the rupture signal is located in the base space, and a damage point cloud is gradually formed. As the number of rupture points increases, the damage point cloud gradually connects to form a damage line. As the number of rupture points further increases, the damage lines gradually increase to form a damage surface. The damage surface is the damage area of ​​the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area. The damage depth of the damage area is obtained from the root domain spatial coordinates.

[0094] In practice, in step S2, the specific location of the rupture signal at the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area is determined by the following equation:

[0095]

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] Where x, y, and z are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the rupture signal in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area; x1, y1, and z1 are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of monitor J1 341 in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area; x2, y2, and z2 are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of monitor J2 342 in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area; in this embodiment, the coordinates of monitor J3 in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area are the origin 0, 0, 0; and x4, y4, and z4 are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of monitor J4 in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area. 13 d represents the distance difference between monitor J1 341 and monitor J3. 23 d represents the distance difference between monitor J2 342 and monitor J3. 43 This represents the distance difference between monitor J4 and monitor J3.

[0099] Based on the propagation speed of the acoustic emission signal from the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area and the signal reception time of each monitor, the distance difference between each monitor is obtained. Then, according to the above equation, the specific location of the rupture signal at the base of the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area is determined.

[0100]

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] Where v is the propagation speed of acoustic emission signals from the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area; t1, t2, t3, and t4 are the times when monitors J1, J2, J3, and J4 receive signals, respectively.

[0104] In specific implementation, in step S5, the safety factor F of the dangerous rock is... S Calculated using the following formula:

[0105]

[0106] Among them, F S Where W is the safety factor for the unstable rock, a is the self-weight of the unstable rock, and f is the horizontal distance from the center of gravity of the unstable rock to the exposed surface of the base. lk Here, H represents the standard value of the tensile strength of the unstable rock, e represents the vertical height of the unstable rock, β represents the vertical height of the section through which the rear edge fracture penetrates, and l represents the dip angle of the rear edge fracture. b f is the contact length between the unstable rock and the base. 0k f is the standard value of the tensile strength between the unstable rock and the base. When the base is rock mass, f 0k =f lk P is the horizontal seismic force, h0 is the vertical distance from the center of gravity of the unstable rock to the exposed surface of the base, Q is the water pressure in the fissure at the rear edge of the unstable rock, and e1 is the vertical height of the fissure filled with water at the rear edge.

[0107] Based on the damage depth of the columnar rock foundation, the stability coefficient F of the columnar rock foundation is... S ' is calculated using the following formula:

[0108]

[0109] Among them, F S ′ represents the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base, and d represents the damage depth.

[0110] In practical applications, this invention is applicable to damage monitoring of columnar unstable rock foundations in reservoir areas. When the foundation is not very wide, high and deep, a single damage monitoring array 34 can capture the internal damage of the foundation. When the foundation is wide, high and deep, multiple arrays can be cascaded to monitor the foundation in different areas and sample the maximum damage depth to determine the stability changes of the foundation.

[0111] The present invention also provides a method for monitoring damage to columnar unstable rocks in reservoir areas, comprising the following steps:

[0112] Sampling was conducted at different elevations of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area. Damage and fracture acoustic emission signals were collected and feature extracted from the sampled samples at different elevations to obtain the indoor damage and fracture acoustic emission characteristics of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area.

[0113] Real-time acoustic emission signal monitoring was conducted on the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area to obtain real-time acoustic emission signals at different times;

[0114] The system stores the acoustic emission characteristics of indoor damage and rupture and processes real-time acoustic emission signals at different times. It obtains real-time acoustic emission characteristics at different times and, based on the acoustic emission characteristics of indoor damage and rupture, determines whether there is similarity between the real-time acoustic emission characteristics at different times and the acoustic emission characteristics of indoor damage and rupture. If similarity is determined, the system locates the real-time acoustic emission signals at different times and performs early warning analysis.

[0115] Similarly, based on the acoustic emission characteristics of indoor damage rupture, the process of determining whether there is similarity between the real-time acoustic emission characteristics at different times and the indoor damage characteristics, and locating and performing early warning analysis on the real-time acoustic emission signals at different times when similarity is determined, is as follows:

[0116] S1. Based on the acoustic emission characteristics of indoor damage and rupture, determine whether the similarity between the real-time acoustic emission characteristics at the current moment and the acoustic emission characteristics of indoor damage and rupture is greater than or equal to a preset threshold. If it is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, proceed to step S2; if it is less than the preset threshold, proceed to step S3.

[0117] S2. Determine that the real-time acoustic emission signal at the current moment is a rupture signal, construct a columnar unstable rock base model in the reservoir area, spatially locate the rupture signal, obtain the spatial coordinates of the rupture signal, and scan the real-time acoustic emission signal at the current moment according to the spatial coordinates of the rupture signal to obtain the specific location of the rupture signal in the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area.

[0118] S3. Set the next moment as the current moment and return to step S1;

[0119] S4. Repeat steps S1-S3. When the number of rupture signals increases, the area formed by the specific location of the rupture signals at different times in the columnar unstable rock base of the reservoir area is the damage area of ​​the columnar unstable rock base of the reservoir area. Based on the damage area, determine the damage depth of the columnar unstable rock base of the reservoir area.

[0120] S5. Calculate the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base based on the damage depth of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area; compare the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base with the safety factor of the unstable rock. If the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base is less than or equal to the safety factor of the unstable rock, the unstable rock in the reservoir area is determined to be in an unstable state, and the system issues a warning of unstable rock collapse in the reservoir area; if the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base is greater than the safety factor of the unstable rock, the unstable rock in the reservoir area is determined to be in a stable state, and the unstable rock in the reservoir area is safe.

[0121] In specific implementation, such as Figure 5 As shown, in step S2, the specific location of the rupture signal at the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area is solved by the following equation:

[0122]

[0123]

[0124]

[0125] Wherein, x, y, and z are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the rupture signal in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area; x1, y1, and z1 are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of monitor J1 341 in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area; x2, y2, and z2 are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of monitor J2 342 in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area; in this embodiment, the coordinates of monitor J3 in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area are the origin 0, 0, 0; and x4, y4, and z4 are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of monitor J4 in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area. 13 d represents the distance difference between monitor J1 341 and monitor J3. 23 d represents the distance difference between monitor J2 342 and monitor J3. 43 This represents the distance difference between monitor J4 and monitor J3.

[0126] Based on the propagation speed of the acoustic emission signal from the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area and the signal reception time of each monitor, the distance difference between each monitor is obtained. Then, according to the above equation, the specific location of the rupture signal at the base of the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area is determined.

[0127]

[0128]

[0129]

[0130] Where v is the propagation speed of acoustic emission signals from the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area; t1, t2, t3, and t4 are the times when monitors J1, J2, J3, and J4 receive signals, respectively.

[0131] In specific implementation, in step S5, the safety factor F of the dangerous rock is... S Calculated using the following formula:

[0132]

[0133] Among them, F S Where W is the safety factor for the unstable rock, a is the self-weight of the unstable rock, and f is the horizontal distance from the center of gravity of the unstable rock to the exposed surface of the base. lk Here, H represents the standard value of the tensile strength of the unstable rock, e represents the vertical height of the unstable rock, β represents the vertical height of the section through which the rear edge fracture penetrates, and l represents the dip angle of the rear edge fracture. b f is the contact length between the unstable rock and the base. 0k f is the standard value of the tensile strength between the unstable rock and the base. When the base is rock mass, f 0k=f lk P is the horizontal seismic force, h0 is the vertical distance from the center of gravity of the unstable rock to the exposed surface of the base, Q is the water pressure in the fissure at the rear edge of the unstable rock, and e1 is the vertical height of the fissure filled with water at the rear edge.

[0134] Based on the damage depth of the columnar rock foundation, the stability coefficient F of the columnar rock foundation is... S ' is calculated using the following formula:

[0135]

[0136] Among them, F S ′ represents the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base, and d represents the damage depth.

[0137] In summary, this invention solves the problem of low monitoring accuracy and the susceptibility to misjudgments and omissions caused by relying solely on the experience of professionals through conventional field surveys or engineering investigations. This invention monitors the stability of columnar unstable rock formations in the reservoir area through a damage sampling subsystem 1, a damage monitoring subsystem 3, and a central control subsystem 2. The damage sampling subsystem 1 uses uniaxial compression tests on the rock mass to disrupt its internal structure and obtain the acoustic emission characteristics of rock fractures. Compared to traditional techniques, which mostly focus on investigating rock masses that have already fractured and struggle to identify potential rock mass fracture hazards, this invention improves the accuracy of system stability monitoring. Simultaneously, it monitors the stability of unstable rock formations in the reservoir area that have not yet fractured, thereby reducing the threat posed by columnar unstable rock formations to the lives and property of the people.

[0138] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the technical solutions. Those skilled in the art should understand that any modifications or equivalent substitutions to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the stability of a columnar dangerous rock in a storage area, characterized in that, A system for monitoring the stability of columnar unstable rocks in a reservoir area includes a damage sampling subsystem, a damage monitoring subsystem, and a central control subsystem. The damage sampling subsystem is used to sample different elevations of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area, and to collect and extract features of the damage and fracture acoustic emission signals of the sampled samples at different elevations to obtain the indoor damage and fracture acoustic emission characteristics of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area. The damage monitoring subsystem is used to monitor the acoustic emission signals of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area in real time, and obtain the real-time acoustic emission signals at different times. The central control subsystem is used to store the acoustic emission characteristics of the indoor damage and rupture and process real-time acoustic emission signals at different times. It acquires real-time acoustic emission characteristics at different times, and based on the acoustic emission characteristics of the indoor damage and rupture, it determines whether there is similarity between the real-time acoustic emission characteristics at different times and the acoustic emission characteristics of the indoor damage and rupture. When it is determined that there is similarity, it locates the real-time acoustic emission signals at different times and performs early warning analysis. The damage sampling subsystem includes a compression testing module and a statistical analysis module; The compression test module is used to construct specimens by sampling samples at different elevations, conduct uniaxial compression tests indoors, obtain acoustic emission signals of damage and rupture at different elevations of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area, and obtain the propagation speed of the acoustic emission signals of the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area. The statistical analysis module is used to analyze the acoustic emission characteristics of damage and rupture at different elevations and obtain the damage and rupture spectrum characteristics of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area. The damage monitoring subsystem includes a conduit fixed to one side of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area. The conduit is a hollow pipe, and a damage monitoring array for damage location and signal acquisition is installed at the bottom of the conduit. The damage monitoring array includes four monitors: J1, J2, J3, and J4. The four monitors are arranged in a non-linear manner in the conduit, and the monitoring signal output terminals of the four monitors are connected to a signal transmission tower located at the top of the conduit. The signal transmission tower is used to wirelessly transmit the monitoring signals of the four monitors. A battery for powering the damage monitoring array and the signal transmission tower is fixedly installed inside the top of the conduit, and the battery is connected to a solar panel installed at the top of the conduit. The method includes the following steps: Sampling was conducted at different elevations of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area. Damage and fracture acoustic emission signals were collected and feature extracted from the sampled samples at different elevations to obtain the indoor damage and fracture acoustic emission characteristics of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area. Real-time acoustic emission signal monitoring was conducted on the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area to obtain real-time acoustic emission signals at different times; The system stores the acoustic emission characteristics of the indoor damage rupture and processes real-time acoustic emission signals at different times. It obtains real-time acoustic emission characteristics at different times and, based on the acoustic emission characteristics of the indoor damage rupture, determines whether there is similarity between the real-time acoustic emission characteristics at different times and the acoustic emission characteristics of the indoor damage rupture. When it is determined that there is similarity, it locates the real-time acoustic emission signals at different times and performs early warning analysis. The process of determining whether the real-time acoustic emission characteristics at different times are similar to the indoor damage characteristics, based on the acoustic emission characteristics of indoor damage rupture, and locating and performing early warning analysis on the real-time acoustic emission signals at different times when similarity is determined, is as follows: S1. Based on the acoustic emission characteristics of indoor damage and rupture, determine whether the similarity between the real-time acoustic emission characteristics at the current moment and the acoustic emission characteristics of indoor damage and rupture is greater than or equal to a preset threshold. If it is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, proceed to step S2; if it is less than the preset threshold, proceed to step S3. S2. Determine that the real-time acoustic emission signal at the current moment is a rupture signal, construct a columnar unstable rock base model in the reservoir area, spatially locate the rupture signal, obtain the spatial coordinates of the rupture signal, and scan the real-time acoustic emission signal at the current moment according to the spatial coordinates of the rupture signal to obtain the specific location of the rupture signal in the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area. S3. Set the next moment as the current moment and return to step S1; S4. Repeat steps S1-S3. When the number of rupture signals increases, the area formed by the specific location of the rupture signals at different times in the columnar unstable rock base of the reservoir area is the damage area of ​​the columnar unstable rock base of the reservoir area. Based on the damage area, determine the damage depth of the columnar unstable rock base of the reservoir area. S5. Calculate the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base based on the damage depth of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area; determine the comparison result between the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base and the safety factor of the unstable rock; if the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base is less than or equal to the safety factor of the unstable rock, then determine that the unstable rock in the reservoir area is in an unstable state, and the system issues a warning of unstable rock collapse in the reservoir area. If the stability coefficient of the columnar unstable rock base is greater than the safety factor of the unstable rock, then the unstable rock in the reservoir area is determined to be in a stable state and the unstable rock in the reservoir area is safe.

2. The method for monitoring the stability of a columnar perilous rock in a library area according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the specific location of the rupture signal at the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area is determined using the following equation: ； ； ； Where x, y, and z are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the rupture signal in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area; x1, y1, and z1 are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the J1 monitor in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area; x2, y2, and z2 are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the J2 monitor in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area; x4, y4, and z4 are the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the J4 monitor in the columnar unstable rock base model of the reservoir area; and d 13 d represents the distance difference between monitor J1 and monitor J3. 23 d represents the distance difference between monitor J2 and monitor J3. 43 This represents the distance difference between monitor J4 and monitor J3. Based on the propagation speed of the acoustic emission signal from the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area and the signal reception time of each monitor, the distance difference between each monitor is obtained. Then, according to the above equation, the specific location of the rupture signal at the base of the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area is determined. ； ； ； Where v is the propagation speed of acoustic emission signals from the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area; t1, t2, t3, and t4 are the times when monitors J1, J2, J3, and J4 receive signals, respectively.

3. The method for monitoring the stability of a columnar perilous rock in a library area according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the dangerous rock safety factor is calculated by the following equation: ； in, Where W is the safety factor for the unstable rock, a is the self-weight of the unstable rock, and f is the horizontal distance from the center of gravity of the unstable rock to the exposed surface of the base. lk Here, H represents the standard value of the tensile strength of the unstable rock, e represents the vertical height of the unstable rock, β represents the vertical height of the section through which the rear edge fracture penetrates, and l represents the dip angle of the rear edge fracture. b f is the contact length between the unstable rock and the base. 0k f is the standard value of the tensile strength between the unstable rock and the base. When the base is rock mass, f 0k =f lk P is the horizontal seismic force, h0 is the vertical distance from the center of gravity of the unstable rock to the exposed surface of the base, Q is the water pressure in the fissure at the rear edge of the unstable rock, and e1 is the vertical height of the fissure filled with water at the rear edge. Based on the damage depth of the columnar rock foundation, the stability coefficient of the columnar rock foundation is... Calculated using the following formula: ； wherein, K is the stability coefficient of the columnar dangerous rock base, and d is the damage depth.

4. A system for monitoring the stability of columnar unstable rocks in a reservoir area, characterized in that, A method for performing stability monitoring of columnar unstable rocks in a reservoir area as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising: a damage sampling subsystem, a damage monitoring subsystem, and a central control subsystem; The damage sampling subsystem is used to sample different elevations of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area, and to collect and extract features of the damage and fracture acoustic emission signals of the sampled samples at different elevations to obtain the indoor damage and fracture acoustic emission characteristics of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area. The damage monitoring subsystem is used to monitor the acoustic emission signals of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area in real time, and obtain the real-time acoustic emission signals at different times. The central control subsystem is used to store the acoustic emission characteristics of the indoor damage rupture and process real-time acoustic emission signals at different times. It acquires real-time acoustic emission characteristics at different times, and based on the acoustic emission characteristics of the indoor damage rupture, it determines whether there is similarity between the real-time acoustic emission characteristics at different times and the acoustic emission characteristics of the indoor damage rupture. When it is determined that there is similarity, it locates the real-time acoustic emission signals at different times and performs early warning analysis.

5. The system for monitoring stability of a columnar perilous rock in a library area according to claim 4, characterized in that, The damage sampling subsystem includes a compression testing module and a statistical analysis module; The compression test module is used to construct specimens by sampling samples at different elevations, conduct uniaxial compression tests indoors, obtain acoustic emission signals of damage and rupture at different elevations of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area, and obtain the propagation speed of the acoustic emission signals of the columnar unstable rock in the reservoir area. The statistical analysis module is used to analyze the acoustic emission characteristics of damage and rupture at different elevations and obtain the damage and rupture spectrum characteristics of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area.

6. The system for monitoring stability of a columnar perilous rock in a library area according to claim 4, wherein, The damage monitoring subsystem includes a conduit fixed to one side of the columnar unstable rock base in the reservoir area. The conduit is a hollow pipe, and a damage monitoring array for damage location and signal acquisition is installed at the bottom of the conduit. The damage monitoring array includes four monitors: J1, J2, J3, and J4. The four monitors are arranged in a non-linear manner in the conduit, and the monitoring signal output terminals of the four monitors are connected to a signal transmission tower located at the top of the conduit. The signal transmission tower is used for wireless data transmission of the monitoring signals from the four monitors. A battery for powering the damage monitoring array and the signal transmission tower is fixedly installed inside the top of the conduit, and the battery is connected to a solar panel installed at the top of the conduit.

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