Optical imaging lens
By designing an optical imaging lens with seven lenses, using specific bending force arrangement and filter combination, the imaging quality problems of miniaturized optical systems are solved, and low distortion and high resolution imaging effects are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410297586.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-02-07
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-12
AI Technical Summary
In the fields of portable electronics, drones and autonomous vehicles, existing optical systems are difficult to achieve good imaging quality under miniaturization and cost limitations, especially low distortion and high resolution.
Design an optical imaging lens that contains at least seven lenses. By accurately configuring the bending force, using a combination of lenses arranged in negative negative positive positive positive positive positive positive and positive positive forging force, and adding infrared filters and protective glass to meet specific conditions to improve imaging quality.
Low distortion and high resolution imaging effects are achieved, spherical aberration and chromatic aberration of different wavelengths are improved, and the accuracy and authenticity of imaging are improved.
Smart Images

Figure CN120469033A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the application field of optical imaging systems; in particular, it relates to an optical imaging lens with low distortion and good imaging quality. Background Art
[0002] In recent years, with the increasing popularity of portable electronic devices equipped with photography features, demand for optical systems has continued to grow. Typical optical systems utilize charge coupled devices (CCDs) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor sensors (CMOS sensors). Advances in semiconductor process technology have reduced the pixel size of photosensitive elements, leading to a gradual shift toward higher resolutions in optical systems. Furthermore, with the rapid development of drones and self-driving cars, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are playing a crucial role in vehicle safety. These systems utilize sensors configured with various lenses to collect real-time environmental information, providing drivers with more comprehensive insights. Furthermore, as the ambient temperature of automotive lenses fluctuates, the requirements for lens quality also increase, leading to increasing demands for image quality.
[0003] A good imaging lens typically offers advantages such as low distortion and high resolution. However, in practical applications, factors such as size and cost must still be considered. Therefore, designing a lens with good imaging quality under various constraints presents a major challenge for designers. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide an optical imaging lens having the advantage of good imaging quality.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an optical imaging lens comprising a first lens group, an aperture, and a second lens group, arranged in sequence from an object side to an image side along an optical axis. The first lens group is composed of a first lens, a second lens, and a third lens, arranged along the optical axis from the object side to the image side; wherein the first lens has negative refractive power, the object-side surface of the first lens is concave, and the image-side surface of the first lens is convex; the second lens has negative refractive power; and the third lens has positive refractive power. The second lens group is composed of a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, and a seventh lens, arranged along the optical axis from the object side to the image side; wherein the fourth lens has positive refractive power, the fifth lens has positive refractive power, the sixth lens has negative refractive power, and the seventh lens has positive refractive power.
[0006] The present invention further provides an optical imaging lens, comprising a first lens group, an aperture, and a second lens group, arranged in sequence from an object side to an image side along an optical axis. The first lens group is composed of a first lens, a second lens, and a third lens arranged along the optical axis from the object side to the image side; wherein the first lens has negative refractive power, the object-side surface of the first lens is concave, and the image-side surface of the first lens is convex; the image-side surface of the second lens is glued to the object-side surface of the third lens to form a composite lens with positive refractive power; the second lens group is composed of a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, and a seventh lens arranged along the optical axis from the object side to the image side; wherein the fourth lens has positive refractive power; the image-side surface of the fifth lens is glued to the object-side surface of the sixth lens to form a composite lens with negative refractive power; and the seventh lens has positive refractive power.
[0007] The effect of the present invention is that the optical imaging lens is arranged into an optical assembly with at least seven lenses, and good imaging quality can be achieved by accurately configuring the refractive power of the optical imaging lens and meeting specific conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] Figure 1A FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical imaging lens according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
[0009] Figure 1B FIG. 4 is a diagram of the longitudinal spherical aberration of the optical imaging lens according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0010] Figure 1C FIG. 4 is a diagram of lateral chromatic aberration of the optical imaging lens according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0011] Figure 2A FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical imaging lens according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
[0012] Figure 2BFIG. 4 is a diagram of the longitudinal spherical aberration of the optical imaging lens according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
[0013] Figure 2C FIG. 4 is a diagram of lateral chromatic aberration of the optical imaging lens according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
[0014] Figure 3A FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical imaging lens according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
[0015] Figure 3B FIG. 4 is a diagram of the longitudinal spherical aberration of the optical imaging lens according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
[0016] Figure 3C FIG. 4 is a diagram of lateral chromatic aberration of the optical imaging lens according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
[0017] Description of reference numerals:
[0018] 100, 200, 300: Optical imaging lenses
[0019] G1: First Mirror Group
[0020] G2: Second mirror group
[0021] L1: First lens
[0022] L2: Second lens
[0023] L3: The third lens
[0024] L4: The fourth lens
[0025] L5: Fifth lens
[0026] L6: Sixth lens
[0027] L7: Seventh lens
[0028] L8: Infrared filter
[0029] L9: Protective glass
[0030] Im: Imaging surface
[0031] S6: Aperture
[0032] Z: Optical axis
[0033] S1, S3, S4, S7, S9, S10, S12, S14, S16: Object side
[0034] S2, S4, S5, S8, S10, S11, S13, S15, S17: Side view DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0035] In order to explain the present invention more clearly, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1A , an optical imaging lens 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention, comprises a first lens group G1, an aperture S6, and a second lens group G2, arranged in order from the object side to the image side along an optical axis Z. In the first embodiment, the optical imaging lens 100 comprises at least seven lenses, wherein the first lens group G1 comprises a first lens L1, a second lens L2, and a third lens L3 arranged along the optical axis Z from the object side to the image side; and the second lens group G2 comprises a fourth lens L4, a fifth lens L5, a sixth lens L6, and a seventh lens L7 arranged along the optical axis Z from the object side to the image side.
[0036] The first lens L1 has negative refractive power, and the object-side surface S1 of the first lens L1 is concave, and the image-side surface S2 of the first lens L1 is convex, wherein both the object-side surface S1 and the image-side surface S2 of the first lens L1 are aspherical surfaces.
[0037] The second lens L2 has negative refractive power, and the object-side surface S3 of the second lens L2 is convex, and the image-side surface S4 of the second lens L2 is concave, wherein both the object-side surface S3 and the image-side surface S4 of the second lens L2 are spherical surfaces.
[0038] The third lens L3 is a biconvex lens with positive refractive power, wherein both the object-side surface S4 and the image-side surface S5 of the third lens L3 are spherical surfaces. In the first embodiment, the object-side surface S4 of the third lens L3 is glued to the image-side surface S4 of the second lens L2, thereby combining the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 to form a composite lens with positive refractive power.
[0039] The fourth lens L4 is a biconvex lens with positive refractive power, wherein the object-side surface S7 and the image-side surface S8 of the fourth lens L4 are both spherical surfaces.
[0040] The fifth lens L5 is a biconvex lens with positive refractive power, wherein the object-side surface S9 and the image-side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5 are both spherical surfaces.
[0041] The sixth lens L6 is a biconcave lens with negative refractive power, wherein the object-side surface S10 of the sixth lens L6 is a spherical surface, and the image-side surface S11 of the sixth lens L6 is an aspherical surface. In the first embodiment, the object-side surface S10 of the sixth lens L6 is glued to the image-side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5, and the fifth lens L5 and the sixth lens L6 are combined to form a composite lens with negative refractive power.
[0042] The seventh lens L7 has positive refractive power, and the object-side surface S12 of the seventh lens L7 is convex, and the image-side surface S13 of the seventh lens L7 is concave, wherein the object-side surface S12 of the seventh lens L7 is aspherical, and the image-side surface S13 of the seventh lens L7 is spherical.
[0043] In addition, the optical imaging lens 100 further includes an infrared filter L8 and a protective glass L9. The infrared filter L8 has an object-side surface S14 on its object-side surface and an image-side surface S15 on its image-side surface. The infrared filter L8 is located on the image-side surface S13 of the seventh lens element L7 and is used to limit the infrared spectrum received by the optical imaging lens 100, thereby improving image quality and realism. The protective glass L9 has an object-side surface S16 on its object-side surface and an image-side surface S17 on its image-side surface. The protective glass L9 is disposed on one side of the infrared filter L8 and between the infrared filter L8 and an imaging surface Im to protect the infrared filter L8.
[0044] In order to ensure that the optical imaging lens 100 of the present invention can maintain good optical performance and high-level imaging quality, in the first embodiment, the optical imaging lens 100 meets the following conditions:
[0045] (1) -0.459 <F / f1<-0.435;
[0046] (2) -0.385 <F / f2<-0.362;
[0047] (3) 1.000 <F / f3<1.200;
[0048] (4) 0.600 <F / f4<0.800;
[0049] (5) 1.155 <F / f5<1.205;
[0050] (6) -2.523 <F / f6<-2.412;
[0051] (7) 0.249 <F / f7<0.286;
[0052] (8) 0.455 <F / fg1<0.471;
[0053] (9) 0.335 <F / fg2<0.367。
[0054] Among them, F is the focal length of the optical imaging lens 100, f1 is the focal length of the first lens L1, f2 is the focal length of the second lens L2, f3 is the focal length of the third lens L3; f4 is the focal length of the fourth lens L4; f5 is the focal length of the fifth lens L5; f6 is the focal length of the sixth lens L6; f7 is the focal length of the seventh lens L7; fg1 is the combined focal length of the first lens group G1; and fg2 is the combined focal length of the second lens group G2.
[0055] Table 1 below lists optical data for the optical imaging lens 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, including the focal length F (or effective focal length), aperture value Fno, field of view (FOV), radius of curvature R of each lens element, distance between each surface and the next surface along the optical axis Z, refractive index Nd of each lens element, dispersion, and focal length of each lens element. The focal length, radius of curvature, and distance are expressed in mm.
[0056] Table 1. Optical data of the optical imaging lens of the first embodiment
[0057]
[0058]
[0059] As can be seen from Table 1 above, the focal length F of the optical imaging lens 100 of the first embodiment is 15.21 mm, the aperture value Fno is 1.67, and the field of view angle FOV is 34.78 degrees. In particular, the focal length f1 of the first lens L1 is -33.469 mm, the focal length f2 of the second lens L2 is -40.744 mm, the focal length f3 of the third lens L3 is 14.008 mm, the focal length f4 of the fourth lens L4 is 21.949 mm, and the focal length f5 of the fifth lens L5 is 12.874 mm. The focal length f6 of the sixth lens L6 is -6.141 mm, the focal length f7 of the seventh lens L7 is 54.329 mm, the joint focal length f23 of the composite lens formed by the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 is 20.466 mm, the joint focal length f56 of the composite lens formed by the fifth lens L5 and the sixth lens L6 is -18.386 mm, the combined focal length fg1 of the first lens group G1 is 33.246, and the combined focal length fg2 of the second lens group G2 is 42.045 mm.
[0060] In addition, based on the above detailed parameters, the specific values of the aforementioned conditional expression in the first embodiment are as follows:
[0061] (1) F / f1=-0.455;
[0062] (2) F / f2=-0.373;
[0063] (3) F / f3=1.086;
[0064] (4) F / f4=0.693;
[0065] (5) F / f5=1.182;
[0066] (6) F / f6=-2.478;
[0067] (7) F / f7=0.280;
[0068] (8) F / fg1=0.458;
[0069] (9) F / fg2=0.359.
[0070] Based on the data in Table 1, the focal lengths of the lenses in the first embodiment, the combined focal length fg1 of the first lens group G1, and the combined focal length fg2 of the second lens group G2 all satisfy the ratio conditional expressions (1) to (9) set for the aforementioned optical imaging lens 100.
[0071] In addition, in the first embodiment, the optical imaging lens 100 satisfies the following conditional formula:
[0072] (10) 0.900 <F / R9<1.100;
[0073] (11) 2.500 <F / R11<2.700;
[0074] (12) 0.104 <fg1 / (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5 +R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+R13) <0.115;
[0075] (13) 0.141 <fg2 / (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5 +R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+R13) < 0.148;
[0076] (14) 0.048 <F / (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5 +R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+R13) <0.053。
[0077] Wherein, F is the focal length of the optical imaging lens 100, R1 is the curvature radius of the object-side surface S1 of the first lens L1, R2 is the curvature radius of the image-side surface S2 of the first lens L1, R3 is the curvature radius of the object-side surface S3 of the second lens L2, R4 is the curvature radius of the image-side surface S4 of the second lens L2 corresponding to the object-side surface S4 glued to the third lens L3, R5 is the curvature radius of the image-side surface S5 of the third lens L3, R7 is the curvature radius of the object-side surface S7 of the fourth lens L4, and R8 is the curvature radius of the fourth lens L4. The radius of curvature of the image side surface S8, R9 is the radius of curvature of the object side surface S9 of the fifth lens L5, R10 is the radius of curvature of the image side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5 corresponding to the object side surface S10 glued to the sixth lens L6, R11 is the radius of curvature of the image side surface S11 of the sixth lens L6, R12 is the radius of curvature of the object side surface S12 of the seventh lens L7, and R13 is the radius of curvature of the image side surface S13 of the seventh lens L7; fg1 is the combined focal length of the first lens group G1; fg2 is the combined focal length of the second lens group G2.
[0078] Based on the detailed parameters in Table 1 above, the specific values of the aforementioned conditional expressions (10) to (14) in the first embodiment are as follows:
[0079] (10) F / R9=0.987;
[0080] (11) F / R11=2.647;
[0081] (12) fg1 / (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5 +R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+R13)=0.113;
[0082] (13) fg2 / (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5 +R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+R13) = 0.145;
[0083] (14) F / (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5+R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+R13)=0.052.
[0084] From the data in Table 1 above, it can be seen that the relevant values in the first embodiment all meet the conditions (10) to (14) set for the optical imaging lens 100 described above.
[0085] It is worth mentioning that in the first embodiment, the aspheric surface profile Z of the object-side surface S1 and image-side surface S2 of the first lens element L1, the image-side surface S11 of the sixth lens element L6, and the object-side surface S12 of the seventh lens element L7 is given by the following formula:
[0086]
[0087] in,
[0088] Z: aspheric surface profile shape;
[0089] c: the reciprocal of the radius of curvature;
[0090] h: off-axis half height of the surface;
[0091] k: cone constant;
[0092] A4, A6, A8, A10, A12, A14 and A16: coefficients of the order of the off-axis half-height h of the surface.
[0093] In the optical imaging lens 100 of the first embodiment of the present invention, the conic constant k and the order coefficients A4, A6, A8, A10, A12, A14, and A16 of each aspherical surface are shown in Table 2 below:
[0094] Table 2. Conic coefficients of the aspheric surfaces of the first embodiment
[0095]
[0096]
[0097] Then, the imaging quality of the optical imaging lens 100 is verified using optical simulation data. Figure 1B This is a graph of longitudinal spherical aberration for the first embodiment. As can be seen, the curves formed by each wavelength are very close to each other, indicating that off-axis light rays of varying heights from each wavelength are concentrated near the image point, significantly improving chromatic aberration. By observing the deviation amplitude of each curve, we can see that the image point deviation for off-axis light rays of varying heights is controlled within a range of -0.01 mm to 0.07 mm. Therefore, the first embodiment significantly improves spherical aberration at different wavelengths.
[0098] Please refer to Figure 1C , which is a lateral spherical aberration diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from the diagram, the lateral aberration of the shortest and longest wavelengths incident on the imaging plane is less than 3.5 microns, indicating that the optical imaging lens 100 has low lateral spherical aberration. The positions of light of different wavelengths on the imaging plane tend to be consistent, thereby improving the color accuracy and imaging quality of the image.
[0099] Please refer to Figure 2A, an optical imaging lens 200 according to a second embodiment of the present invention, includes a first lens group G1, an aperture S6, and a second lens group G2, arranged in order from the object side to the image side along an optical axis Z. In the second embodiment, the optical imaging lens 200 has at least seven lenses, wherein the first lens group G1 includes a first lens L1, a second lens L2, and a third lens L3 arranged along the optical axis Z from the object side to the image side; and the second lens group G2 includes a fourth lens L4, a fifth lens L5, a sixth lens L6, and a seventh lens L7 arranged along the optical axis Z from the object side to the image side.
[0100] The first lens L1 has negative refractive power, and the object-side surface S1 of the first lens L1 is concave, and the image-side surface S2 of the first lens L1 is convex, wherein both the object-side surface S1 and the image-side surface S2 of the first lens L1 are aspherical surfaces.
[0101] The second lens L2 has negative refractive power, and the object-side surface S3 of the second lens L2 is convex, and the image-side surface S4 of the second lens L2 is concave, wherein both the object-side surface S3 and the image-side surface S4 of the second lens L2 are spherical surfaces.
[0102] The third lens L3 is a biconvex lens with positive refractive power, wherein both the object-side surface S4 and the image-side surface S5 of the third lens L3 are spherical surfaces. In the second embodiment, the object-side surface S4 of the third lens L3 is glued to the image-side surface S4 of the second lens L2, thereby combining the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 to form a composite lens with positive refractive power.
[0103] The fourth lens L4 is a biconvex lens with positive refractive power, wherein the object-side surface S7 and the image-side surface S8 of the fourth lens L4 are both spherical surfaces.
[0104] The fifth lens L5 is a biconvex lens with positive refractive power, wherein the object-side surface S9 and the image-side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5 are both spherical surfaces.
[0105] The sixth lens L6 is a biconcave lens with negative refractive power, wherein the object-side surface S10 of the sixth lens L6 is a spherical surface, and the image-side surface S11 of the sixth lens L6 is an aspherical surface. In the second embodiment, the object-side surface S10 of the sixth lens L6 is glued to the image-side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5, and the fifth lens L5 and the sixth lens L6 are combined to form a composite lens with negative refractive power.
[0106] The seventh lens L7 has positive refractive power, and the object-side surface S12 of the seventh lens L7 is convex, and the image-side surface S13 of the seventh lens L7 is concave, wherein the object-side surface S12 of the seventh lens L7 is aspherical, and the image-side surface S13 of the seventh lens L7 is spherical.
[0107] In addition, the optical imaging lens 200 further includes an infrared filter L8 and a protective glass L9. The infrared filter L8 has an object-side surface S14 on its surface facing the object side and an image-side surface S15 on its surface facing the image side. The infrared filter L8 is located on the image-side surface S13 of the seventh lens element L7 and is used to limit the infrared spectrum received by the optical imaging lens 200, thereby improving the quality and realism of the image. The protective glass L9 has an object-side surface S16 on its surface facing the object side and an image-side surface S17 on its surface facing the image side. The protective glass L9 is disposed on one side of the infrared filter L8 and between the infrared filter L8 and an imaging surface Im to protect the infrared filter L8.
[0108] In order to ensure that the optical imaging lens 200 of the present invention can maintain good optical performance and high-level imaging quality, in the second embodiment, the optical imaging lens 200 meets the following conditions:
[0109] (1) -0.459 <F / f1<-0.435;
[0110] (2) -0.385 <F / f2<-0.362;
[0111] (3) 1.000 <F / f3<1.200;
[0112] (4) 0.600 <F / f4<0.800;
[0113] (5) 1.155 <F / f5<1.205;
[0114] (6) -2.523 <F / f6<-2.412;
[0115] (7) 0.249 <F / f7<0.286;
[0116] (8) 0.455 <F / fg1<0.471;
[0117] (9) 0.335 <F / fg2<0.367。
[0118] Among them, F is the focal length of the optical imaging lens 200, f1 is the focal length of the first lens L1, f2 is the focal length of the second lens L2, f3 is the focal length of the third lens L3; f4 is the focal length of the fourth lens L4; f5 is the focal length of the fifth lens L5; f6 is the focal length of the sixth lens L6; f7 is the focal length of the seventh lens L7; fg1 is the combined focal length of the first lens group G1; and fg2 is the combined focal length of the second lens group G2.
[0119] Table 3 below lists optical data for the optical imaging lens 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention, including the focal length F (or effective focal length), aperture value Fno, field of view (FOV), radius of curvature R of each lens element, distance between each surface and the next surface along the optical axis Z, refractive index Nd of each lens element, dispersion, and focal length of each lens element. The focal length, radius of curvature, and distance are expressed in mm.
[0120] Table 3. Optical data of the optical imaging lens of the second embodiment
[0121]
[0122]
[0123] As can be seen from Table 3 above, the focal length F of the optical imaging lens 200 of the second embodiment is 14.84 mm, the aperture value Fno is 1.62, and the field of view angle FOV is 35.89 degrees. The focal length f1 of the first lens L1 is -34.051 mm, the focal length f2 of the second lens L2 is -40.895 mm, the focal length f3 of the third lens L3 is 14.000 mm, the focal length f4 of the fourth lens L4 is 21.876 mm, and the focal length f5 of the fifth lens L5 is 12.833 mm. The focal length f6 of the sixth lens L6 is -6.150 mm, the focal length f7 of the seventh lens L7 is 52.136 mm, the joint focal length f23 of the composite lens formed by the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 is 20.417 mm, the joint focal length f56 of the composite lens formed by the fifth lens L5 and the sixth lens L6 is -18.553 mm, the combined focal length fg1 of the first lens group G1 is 32.576, and the combined focal length fg2 of the second lens group G2 is 40.551 mm.
[0124] In addition, based on the above detailed parameters, the specific values of the aforementioned conditional expression in the second embodiment are as follows:
[0125] (1) F / f1=-0.436;
[0126] (2) F / f2=-0.363;
[0127] (3) F / f3=1.060;
[0128] (4) F / f4=0.678;
[0129] (5) F / f5=1.156;
[0130] (6) F / f6=-2.413;
[0131] (7) F / f7=0.285;
[0132] (8) F / fg1=0.456;
[0133] (9) F / fg2=0.366.
[0134] Based on the data in Table 3, the focal lengths of the lenses in the second embodiment, the combined focal length fg1 of the first lens group G1, and the combined focal length fg2 of the second lens group G2 all satisfy the ratio conditional expressions (1) to (9) set for the aforementioned optical imaging lens 200.
[0135] In addition, in the second embodiment, the optical imaging lens 200 satisfies the following conditional formula:
[0136] (10) 0.900 <F / R9<1.100;
[0137] (11) 2.500 <F / R11<2.700;
[0138] (12) 0.104 <fg1 / (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5 +R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+R13) <0.115;
[0139] (13) 0.141 <fg2 / (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5 +R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+R13) < 0.148;
[0140] (14) 0.048 <F / (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5 +R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+R13) <0.053。
[0141] Wherein, F is the focal length of the optical imaging lens 200, R1 is the curvature radius of the object-side surface S1 of the first lens L1, R2 is the curvature radius of the image-side surface S2 of the first lens L1, R3 is the curvature radius of the object-side surface S3 of the second lens L2, R4 is the curvature radius of the image-side surface S4 of the second lens L2 corresponding to the object-side surface S4 glued to the third lens L3, R5 is the curvature radius of the image-side surface S5 of the third lens L3, R7 is the curvature radius of the object-side surface S7 of the fourth lens L4, and R8 is the curvature radius of the fourth lens L4. The radius of curvature of the image side surface S8, R9 is the radius of curvature of the object side surface S9 of the fifth lens L5, R10 is the radius of curvature of the image side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5 corresponding to the object side surface S10 glued to the sixth lens L6, R11 is the radius of curvature of the image side surface S11 of the sixth lens L6, R12 is the radius of curvature of the object side surface S12 of the seventh lens L7, and R13 is the radius of curvature of the image side surface S13 of the seventh lens L7; fg1 is the combined focal length of the first lens group G1; fg2 is the combined focal length of the second lens group G2.
[0142] Based on the detailed parameters in Table 3 above, the specific values of the aforementioned conditional expressions (10) to (14) in the second embodiment are as follows:
[0143] (10) F / R9=0.965;
[0144] (11) F / R11=2.573;
[0145] (12) fg1 / (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5 +R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+R13)=0.114;
[0146] (13) fg2 / (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5 +R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+R13) =0.142;
[0147] (14) F / (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5+R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+R13)=0.052.
[0148] From the data in Table 3 above, it can be seen that the relevant values in the second embodiment all meet the conditions (10) to (14) set for the optical imaging lens 200 described above.
[0149] It is worth mentioning that in the second embodiment, the aspheric surface profile Z of the object-side surface S1 and image-side surface S2 of the first lens element L1, the image-side surface S11 of the sixth lens element L6, and the object-side surface S12 of the seventh lens element L7 is given by the following formula:
[0150]
[0151] in,
[0152] Z: aspheric surface profile shape;
[0153] c: the reciprocal of the radius of curvature;
[0154] h: off-axis half height of the surface;
[0155] k: cone constant;
[0156] A4, A6, A8, A10, A12, A14 and A16: coefficients of the order of the off-axis half-height h of the surface.
[0157] In the optical imaging lens 200 of the second embodiment of the present invention, the conic constant k and the order coefficients A4, A6, A8, A10, A12, A14, and A16 of each aspherical surface are shown in Table 4 below:
[0158] Table 4. Conic coefficients of the aspheric surfaces of the second embodiment
[0159] Surface number S1 S2 S11 S12 k -8.14585E-01 -3.99573E+00 6.22554E+00 2.86567E+01 A4 6.87949E-05 2.05491E-04 5.15340E-04 6.35954E-04 A6 3.55395E-06 2.99647E-06 8.89619E-07 -2.1825E-05 A8 -7.43748E-08 -2.20033E-08 -3.94246E-07 4.11895E-06 A10 1.27168E-09 0 8.27014E-08 -5.14614E-07 A12 -4.29521E-11 0 -4.8028E-09 4.09794E-08 A14 8.62501E-13 0 1.33613E-10 -1.69393E-09 A16 -6.61054E-15 0 -1.20292E-12 2.95791E-11
[0160] Then, the imaging quality of the optical imaging lens 200 is verified using optical simulation data. Figure 2B This is a graph of longitudinal spherical aberration for the second embodiment. As can be seen, the curves formed by each wavelength are very close to each other, indicating that off-axis light rays of different heights for each wavelength are concentrated near the image point, significantly improving chromatic aberration. By observing the deviation amplitude of each curve, we can see that the image point deviation for off-axis light rays of different heights is controlled within a range of -0.01 mm to 0.05 mm. Therefore, the second embodiment significantly improves spherical aberration at different wavelengths.
[0161] Please refer to Figure 2C , which is a lateral spherical aberration diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from the diagram, the lateral aberration of the shortest and longest wavelengths incident on the imaging plane is less than 2.5 microns, indicating that the optical imaging lens 200 has low lateral spherical aberration. The positions of light of different wavelengths on the image plane tend to be consistent, thereby improving the color accuracy and imaging quality of the image.
[0162] Please refer to Figure 3A, an optical imaging lens 300 according to a third embodiment of the present invention, includes a first lens group G1, an aperture S6, and a second lens group G2, arranged in order from the object side to the image side along an optical axis Z. In the third embodiment, the optical imaging lens 300 has at least seven lenses, wherein the first lens group G1 includes a first lens L1, a second lens L2, and a third lens L3 arranged along the optical axis Z from the object side to the image side; and the second lens group G2 includes a fourth lens L4, a fifth lens L5, a sixth lens L6, and a seventh lens L7 arranged along the optical axis Z from the object side to the image side.
[0163] The first lens L1 has negative refractive power, and the object-side surface S1 of the first lens L1 is concave, and the image-side surface S2 of the first lens L1 is convex, wherein both the object-side surface S1 and the image-side surface S2 of the first lens L1 are aspherical surfaces.
[0164] The second lens L2 has negative refractive power, and the object-side surface S3 of the second lens L2 is convex, and the image-side surface S4 of the second lens L2 is concave, wherein both the object-side surface S3 and the image-side surface S4 of the second lens L2 are spherical surfaces.
[0165] The third lens L3 is a biconvex lens with positive refractive power, wherein both the object-side surface S4 and the image-side surface S5 of the third lens L3 are spherical surfaces. In the third embodiment, the object-side surface S4 of the third lens L3 is glued to the image-side surface S4 of the second lens L2, thereby combining the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 to form a composite lens with positive refractive power.
[0166] The fourth lens L4 is a biconvex lens with positive refractive power, wherein the object-side surface S7 and the image-side surface S8 of the fourth lens L4 are both spherical surfaces.
[0167] The fifth lens L5 is a biconvex lens with positive refractive power, wherein the object-side surface S9 and the image-side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5 are both spherical surfaces.
[0168] The sixth lens L6 is a biconcave lens with negative refractive power, wherein the object-side surface S10 of the sixth lens L6 is a spherical surface, and the image-side surface S11 of the sixth lens L6 is an aspherical surface. In the third embodiment, the object-side surface S10 of the sixth lens L6 is glued to the image-side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5, and the fifth lens L5 and the sixth lens L6 are combined to form a composite lens with negative refractive power.
[0169] The seventh lens L7 has positive refractive power, and the object-side surface S12 of the seventh lens L7 is convex, and the image-side surface S13 of the seventh lens L7 is concave, wherein the object-side surface S12 of the seventh lens L7 is aspherical, and the image-side surface S13 of the seventh lens L7 is spherical.
[0170] In addition, the optical imaging lens 300 further includes an infrared filter L8 and a protective glass L9, wherein the infrared filter L8 has an object-side surface S14 on its surface facing the object side and an image-side surface S15 on its surface facing the image side. The infrared filter L8 is located on the side of the image-side surface S13 of the seventh lens element L7 and is used to limit the infrared spectrum received by the optical imaging lens 300, thereby improving the quality and realism of the image. The protective glass L9 has an object-side surface S16 on its surface facing the object side and an image-side surface S17 on its surface facing the image side. The protective glass L9 is disposed on one side of the infrared filter L8 and between the infrared filter L8 and an imaging surface Im to protect the infrared filter L8.
[0171] To ensure that the optical imaging lens 300 of the present invention can maintain good optical performance and high-level imaging quality, in the third embodiment, the optical imaging lens 300 meets the following conditional formula:
[0172] (15) -0.459 <F / f1<-0.435;
[0173] (16) -0.385 <F / f2<-0.362;
[0174] (17) 1.000 <F / f3<1.200;
[0175] (18) 0.600 <F / f4<0.800;
[0176] (19) 1.155 <F / f5<1.205;
[0177] (20) -2.523 <F / f6<-2.412;
[0178] (21) 0.249 <F / f7<0.286;
[0179] (22) 0.455 <F / fg1<0.471;
[0180] (23) 0.335 <F / fg2<0.367。
[0181] Among them, F is the focal length of the optical imaging lens 300, f1 is the focal length of the first lens L1, f2 is the focal length of the second lens L2, f3 is the focal length of the third lens L3; f4 is the focal length of the fourth lens L4; f5 is the focal length of the fifth lens L5; f6 is the focal length of the sixth lens L6; f7 is the focal length of the seventh lens L7; fg1 is the combined focal length of the first lens group G1; and fg2 is the combined focal length of the second lens group G2.
[0182] Table 5 below lists optical data for the optical imaging lens 300 according to the third embodiment of the present invention, including the focal length F (or effective focal length), aperture value Fno, field of view (FOV), radius of curvature R of each lens element, distance between each surface and the next surface along the optical axis Z, refractive index Nd of each lens element, dispersion, and focal length of each lens element. The focal length, radius of curvature, and distance are expressed in mm.
[0183] Table 5. Optical data of the optical imaging lens of the third embodiment
[0184]
[0185] As can be seen from Table 5 above, the focal length F of the optical imaging lens 300 of the third embodiment is 15.50 mm, the aperture value Fno is 1.70, and the field of view angle FOV is 33.97 degrees. The focal length f1 of the first lens L1 is -33.852 mm, the focal length f2 of the second lens L2 is -40.394 mm, the focal length f3 of the third lens L3 is 14.000 mm, the focal length f4 of the fourth lens L4 is 21.143 mm, and the focal length f5 of the fifth lens L5 is 12.869 mm. The focal length f6 of the sixth lens L6 is -6.143 mm, the focal length f7 of the seventh lens L7 is 62.096 mm, the joint focal length f23 of the composite lens formed by the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 is 20.523 mm, the joint focal length f56 of the composite lens formed by the fifth lens L5 and the sixth lens L6 is -18.419 mm, the combined focal length fg1 of the first lens group G1 is 32.958, and the combined focal length fg2 of the second lens group G2 is 46.090 mm.
[0186] In addition, based on the above detailed parameters, the specific values of the aforementioned conditional expression in the third embodiment are as follows:
[0187] (1) F / f1=-0.458;
[0188] (2) F / f2=-0.384;
[0189] (3) F / f3=1.107;
[0190] (4) F / f4=0.700;
[0191] (5) F / f5=1.204;
[0192] (6) F / f6=-2.522;
[0193] (7) F / f7=0.250;
[0194] (8) F / fg1=0.470;
[0195] (9) F / fg2=0.336.
[0196] Based on the data in Table 5, the focal lengths of the lenses in the third embodiment, the combined focal length fg1 of the first lens group G1, and the combined focal length fg2 of the second lens group G2 all satisfy the ratio conditional expressions (1) to (9) set for the aforementioned optical imaging lens 300.
[0197] In addition, in the third embodiment, the optical imaging lens 300 satisfies the following conditional formula:
[0198] (24) 0.900 <F / R9<1.100;
[0199] (25) 2.500 <F / R11<2.700;
[0200] (26) 0.104 <fg1 / (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5 +R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+R13) <0.115;
[0201] (27) 0.141 <fg2 / (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5 +R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+R13) < 0.148;
[0202] (28) 0.048 <F / (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5 +R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+R13) <0.053。
[0203] Wherein, F is the focal length of the optical imaging lens 300, R1 is the curvature radius of the object-side surface S1 of the first lens L1, R2 is the curvature radius of the image-side surface S2 of the first lens L1, R3 is the curvature radius of the object-side surface S3 of the second lens L2, R4 is the curvature radius of the image-side surface S4 of the second lens L2 corresponding to the object-side surface S4 glued to the third lens L3, R5 is the curvature radius of the image-side surface S5 of the third lens L3, R7 is the curvature radius of the object-side surface S7 of the fourth lens L4, and R8 is the curvature radius of the fourth lens L4. The radius of curvature of the image side surface S8, R9 is the radius of curvature of the object side surface S9 of the fifth lens L5, R10 is the radius of curvature of the image side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5 corresponding to the object side surface S10 glued to the sixth lens L6, R11 is the radius of curvature of the image side surface S11 of the sixth lens L6, R12 is the radius of curvature of the object side surface S12 of the seventh lens L7, and R13 is the radius of curvature of the image side surface S13 of the seventh lens L7; fg1 is the combined focal length of the first lens group G1; fg2 is the combined focal length of the second lens group G2.
[0204] Based on the detailed parameters in Table 5 above, the specific values of the aforementioned conditional expressions (10) to (14) in the third embodiment are as follows:
[0205] (10) F / R9=1.006;
[0206] (11) F / R11=2.694;
[0207] (12) fg1 / (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5 +R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+R13)=0.105;
[0208] (13) fg2 / (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5 +R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+R13) =0.147;
[0209] (14) F / (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5+R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+R13)=0.049.
[0210] From the data in Table 5 above, it can be seen that the relevant values in the third embodiment all meet the conditions (10) to (14) set for the optical imaging lens 300 described above.
[0211] It is worth mentioning that in the third embodiment, the aspheric surface profile Z of the object-side surface S1 and image-side surface S2 of the first lens element L1, the image-side surface S11 of the sixth lens element L6, and the object-side surface S12 of the seventh lens element L7 is given by the following formula:
[0212]
[0213] in,
[0214] Z: aspheric surface profile shape;
[0215] c: the reciprocal of the radius of curvature;
[0216] h: off-axis half height of the surface;
[0217] k: cone constant;
[0218] A4, A6, A8, A10, A12, A14 and A16: coefficients of the order of the off-axis half-height h of the surface.
[0219] In the optical imaging lens 300 of the third embodiment of the present invention, the conic constant k and the order coefficients A4, A6, A8, A10, A12, A14, and A16 of each aspherical surface are shown in Table 6 below:
[0220] Table 6. Conic coefficients of the aspheric surfaces of the third embodiment
[0221] Surface number S1 S2 S11 S12 k -8.14585E-01 -3.99573E+00 6.22554E+00 2.86567E+01 A4 6.87949E-05 2.05491E-04 5.15340E-04 6.35954E-04 A6 3.55395E-06 2.99647E-06 8.89619E-07 -2.1825E-05 A8 -7.43748E-08 -2.20033E-08 -3.94246E-07 4.11895E-06 A10 1.27168E-09 0 8.27014E-08 -5.14614E-07 A12 -4.29521E-11 0 -4.8028E-09 4.09794E-08 A14 8.62501E-13 0 1.33613E-10 -1.69393E-09 A16 -6.61054E-15 0 -1.20292E-12 2.95791E-11
[0222] Then, the imaging quality of the optical imaging lens 300 is verified using optical simulation data. Figure 3B This is a graph of longitudinal spherical aberration for the third embodiment. As can be seen, the curves formed by each wavelength are very close to each other, indicating that off-axis light rays of varying heights for each wavelength are concentrated near the image point, significantly improving chromatic aberration. By observing the deviation amplitude of each curve, we can see that the image point deviation for off-axis light rays of varying heights is controlled within a range of -0.02 mm to 0.07 mm. Therefore, the third embodiment significantly improves spherical aberration at different wavelengths.
[0223] Please refer to Figure 3C , which is a lateral spherical aberration diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from the diagram, the lateral aberration of the shortest wavelength and the longest wavelength incident on the imaging plane are both less than 6 microns, indicating that the optical imaging lens 300 has low lateral spherical aberration. The positions of light of different wavelengths on the imaging plane tend to be consistent, thereby improving the color accuracy and imaging quality of the image.
[0224] The above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the data and information listed in the tables above are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art, after referring to this disclosure, will be able to make appropriate changes to the parameters or settings, and such changes will fall within the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent variations that are embodied within the scope of the present invention and claims are intended to be encompassed by the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. An optical imaging lens comprising, in order from an object side to an image side along an optical axis: a first lens group, consisting of a first lens, a second lens, and a third lens arranged along the optical axis from the object side to the image side; The first lens has negative refractive power, the object-side surface of the first lens is concave, and the image-side surface of the first lens is convex; The second lens has negative refractive power; The third lens has positive refractive power; an aperture; and a second lens group consisting of a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, and a seventh lens arranged along the optical axis from the object side to the image side; The fourth lens has positive refractive power; The fifth lens has positive refractive power; The sixth lens has negative refractive power; The seventh lens element has positive refractive power.
2. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1 , wherein the object-side surface of the second lens is convex, and the image-side surface of the second lens is concave; the third lens, the fourth lens, and the fifth lens are all biconvex lenses; the sixth lens is a biconcave lens; and the object-side surface of the seventh lens is convex, and the image-side surface of the seventh lens is concave.
3. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein both the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the first lens are aspherical; both the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the second lens are spherical; both the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the third lens are spherical; both the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the fourth lens are spherical; both the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the fifth lens are spherical; and both the image-side surface of the sixth lens and the object-side surface of the seventh lens are aspherical.
4. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens satisfies the following condition: 0.455 < F / fg1 < 0.471, where, F is the focal length of the optical imaging lens, and fg1 is the combined focal length of the first lens group.
5. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens satisfies the following condition: 0.335 < F / fg2 < 0.367, where, F is the focal length of the optical imaging lens, and fg2 is the combined focal length of the second lens group.
6. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens satisfies the following condition: 1.000 < F / f3 < 1.200, where, F is the focal length of the optical imaging lens, and f3 is the focal length of the third lens.
7. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens satisfies the following condition: 0.600 < F / f4 < 0.800, where, F is the focal length of the optical imaging lens, and f4 is the focal length of the fourth lens.
8. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens satisfies the following condition: 0.900 < F / R9 < 1.100, where, F is the focal length of the optical imaging lens, and R9 is the curvature radius of the object side surface of the fifth lens.
9. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens satisfies the following condition: 2.500 < F / R11 < 2.700, where, F is the focal length of the optical imaging lens, and R11 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the sixth lens.
10. An optical imaging lens comprising, in order from an object side to an image side along an optical axis: a first lens group, consisting of a first lens, a second lens, and a third lens arranged along the optical axis from the object side to the image side; The first lens has negative refractive power, the object-side surface of the first lens is concave, and the image-side surface of the first lens is convex; The image side surface of the second lens and the object side surface of the third lens are glued together to form a composite lens with positive refractive power; an aperture; and a second lens group consisting of a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, and a seventh lens arranged along the optical axis from the object side to the image side; The fourth lens has positive refractive power; The image side surface of the fifth lens and the object side surface of the sixth lens are glued together to form a composite lens with negative refractive power; The seventh lens element has positive refractive power.
11. The optical imaging lens according to claim 10, wherein the object-side surface of the second lens is convex, and the image-side surface of the second lens is concave; the third lens, the fourth lens, and the fifth lens are all biconvex lenses; the sixth lens is a biconcave lens; and the object-side surface of the seventh lens is convex, and the image-side surface of the seventh lens is concave.
12. The optical imaging lens according to claim 10, wherein both the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the first lens are aspherical surfaces; both the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the second lens are spherical surfaces; both the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the third lens are spherical surfaces; both the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the fourth lens are spherical surfaces; both the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the fifth lens are spherical surfaces; and both the image-side surface of the sixth lens and the object-side surface of the seventh lens are aspherical surfaces.
13. The optical imaging lens according to claim 10, wherein the optical imaging lens satisfies the following condition: 0.455 < F / fg1 < 0.471, where, F is the focal length of the optical imaging lens, and fg1 is the combined focal length of the first lens group.
14. The optical imaging lens according to claim 10, wherein the optical imaging lens satisfies the following condition: 0.335 < F / fg2 < 0.367, where, F is the focal length of the optical imaging lens, and fg2 is the combined focal length of the second lens group.
15. The optical imaging lens according to claim 10, wherein the optical imaging lens satisfies the following condition: 1.000 < F / f3 < 1.200, where, F is the focal length of the optical imaging lens, and f3 is the focal length of the third lens.
16. The optical imaging lens according to claim 10, wherein the optical imaging lens satisfies the following condition: 0.600 < F / f4 < 0.800, where, F is the focal length of the optical imaging lens, and f4 is the focal length of the fourth lens.
17. The optical imaging lens according to claim 10, wherein the optical imaging lens satisfies the following condition: 0.900 < F / R9 < 1.100, where F is the focal length of the optical imaging lens, and R9 is the curvature radius of the object side surface of the fifth lens.
18. The optical imaging lens according to claim 10, wherein the optical imaging lens satisfies the following condition: 2.500 < F / R11 < 2.700, where, F is the focal length of the optical imaging lens, and R11 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the sixth lens.
19. The optical imaging lens according to claim 10, wherein the optical imaging lens satisfies the following condition: 0.104 < fg1 / (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5+R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+R13) < 0.115, where, fg1 is the combined focal length of the first lens group, R1 is the curvature radius of the object side surface of the first lens, R2 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the first lens, R3 is the curvature radius of the object side surface of the second lens, R4 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the second lens corresponding to the object side surface glued to the third lens, R5 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the third lens, R7 is the curvature radius of the object side surface of the fourth lens, R8 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the fourth lens, R9 is the curvature radius of the object side surface of the fifth lens, R10 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the fifth lens corresponding to the object side surface glued to the sixth lens, R11 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the sixth lens, R12 is the curvature radius of the object side surface of the seventh lens, and R13 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the seventh lens.
20. The optical imaging lens according to claim 10, wherein the optical imaging lens satisfies the following condition: 0.141 < fg2 / (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5+R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+R13) < 0.148, where, fg2 is the combined focal length of the second lens group, R1 is the curvature radius of the object side surface of the first lens, R2 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the first lens, R3 is the curvature radius of the object side surface of the second lens, R4 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the second lens corresponding to the object side surface glued to the third lens, R5 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the third lens, R7 is the curvature radius of the object side surface of the fourth lens, R8 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the fourth lens, R9 is the curvature radius of the object side surface of the fifth lens, R10 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the fifth lens corresponding to the object side surface glued to the sixth lens, R11 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the sixth lens, R12 is the curvature radius of the object side surface of the seventh lens, and R13 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the seventh lens.
21. The optical imaging lens according to claim 10, wherein the optical imaging lens satisfies the following condition: 0.048 < F / (R1+R2+R3+R4+R5+R7+R8+R9+R10+R11+R12+R13) < 0.053, where, F is the focal length of the optical imaging lens, R1 is the curvature radius of the object side surface of the first lens, R2 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the first lens, R3 is the curvature radius of the object side surface of the second lens, R4 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the second lens corresponding to the object side surface glued to the third lens, R5 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the third lens, R7 is the curvature radius of the object side surface of the fourth lens, R8 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the fourth lens, R9 is the curvature radius of the object side surface of the fifth lens, R10 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the fifth lens corresponding to the object side surface glued to the sixth lens, R11 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the sixth lens, R12 is the curvature radius of the object side surface of the seventh lens, and R13 is the curvature radius of the image side surface of the seventh lens.