A seedling raising method for saline-alkali soil wheat
By using soil conditioners and appropriate seedling raising methods in saline-alkali land, the problem of inhibited wheat seed germination and seedling growth in saline-alkali land was solved, the germination rate and seedling growth performance were improved, and healthy seedling raising and high yield of wheat in saline-alkali land were achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- WEIFANG ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ( WEIFANG BRANCH OF SHANDONG ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES )
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-03
AI Technical Summary
In saline-alkali soil environments, the high salt content and complex ion composition of the soil can severely inhibit the germination of wheat seeds, reduce the germination rate, and affect the absorption of water and nutrients by the seedling roots, leading to slow seedling growth, poor development, or even death.
A method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali soil is adopted, which includes deep plowing and application of soil conditioner, mixing organic fertilizer and vermiculite, spraying microbial agents, soaking wheat seeds, sowing in rows, and carrying out appropriate field management, such as watering and topdressing, adjusting soil structure and pH, and promoting root growth.
It improved the germination rate of wheat seeds and the survival rate of seedlings, enhanced the root system's absorption capacity and stress resistance, and promoted the healthy growth and yield of wheat.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of wheat seedling cultivation technology, and more specifically, to a method for cultivating wheat seeds in saline-alkali land. Background Technology
[0002] my country is a major producer and consumer of wheat globally, with wheat providing approximately one-fifth of the world's food calories and protein. With population growth and accelerated urbanization, the demand for wheat continues to increase. However, high-quality arable land resources are limited and face pressure from urbanization and industrialization. Saline-alkali land, as a land resource that has not yet been fully and effectively utilized, could significantly increase the wheat planting area and yield if large-scale wheat cultivation could be achieved, thus alleviating food supply pressures.
[0003] In saline-alkali soil environments, the soil has high salt content and complex ion types. Excessive salt concentration can severely inhibit the germination of wheat seeds, reduce the germination rate, and affect the absorption of water and nutrients by the wheat seedling roots, leading to slow seedling growth, poor development, or even death. Therefore, we provide a seedling cultivation method for wheat seeds in saline-alkali soils. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali soil, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, where the soil in saline-alkali environment has high salt content and complex ion types. Excessive salt concentration can severely inhibit the germination of wheat seeds, reduce the germination rate, and also affect the absorption of water and nutrients by the wheat seedling roots, leading to slow seedling growth, poor development, or even death.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention aims to provide a method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:
[0006] S1.1 Improve soil structure by deep tillage and application of 30-50 parts by weight of soil conditioner;
[0007] S1.2. Mix 150-200 parts by weight of organic fertilizer and 120-220 parts by weight of vermiculite, spread them into a seedbed with a thickness of 10-15 cm, and apply 3-5 parts by weight of microbial agent by spraying.
[0008] S1.3 Soak wheat seeds in gibberellin and betaine, then air dry them for later use;
[0009] S1.4. Sow in rows at a depth of 2-3 cm and a row spacing of 20-25 cm. Sow soybeans at equal intervals in each row. After sowing, cover with a 2-3 cm thick layer of soil and cover the soil surface with a layer of straw to retain moisture. Water immediately after sowing to ensure the soil is moist.
[0010] S1.5. Irrigation and topdressing for wheat field management.
[0011] Preferably, in step S1.1, the soil conditioner is a mixture of desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid, and biochar in a mass ratio of 4:3:4.
[0012] Acetylated humic acid is prepared by acylation of humic acid with glycolic anhydride and the addition of calcium lignosulfonate. The mass ratio of calcium lignosulfonate, humic acid, and glycolic anhydride is 1:5:1-3. The reaction equation for the acylation reaction is as follows: .
[0013] Acetylated humic acid has a large specific surface area and abundant functional groups, which can adsorb nutrient ions in the soil, reduce nutrient loss, and improve the soil's fertilizer retention capacity. Simultaneously, it can improve soil moisture conditions, increase soil water holding capacity, and provide sufficient water for wheat seed germination and seedling growth. Acetylated humic acid prepared with the addition of calcium lignosulfonate can provide abundant carbon and energy sources for soil microorganisms, promoting the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. These microorganisms can decompose organic matter in the soil, releasing more nutrients for wheat absorption and utilization, while also inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms and reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases. Acetylated humic acid contains various active functional groups that can interact with substances secreted by wheat roots, stimulating root growth and development, increasing root absorption area and capacity. Furthermore, it can regulate the hormone balance in wheat, promoting seed germination, seedling growth and tillering, and improving wheat's stress resistance and yield.
[0014] The calcium ions in desulfurized gypsum can react with sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate in the soil to produce calcium carbonate and sodium sulfate, thereby reducing the alkalinity of the soil and making the soil pH more suitable for wheat seed germination and growth. In addition, desulfurized gypsum contains a certain amount of nutrients such as calcium and sulfur. Calcium is an important component of plant cell walls, which can enhance cell wall stability and plant stress resistance. Sulfur is an important raw material for plant synthesis of proteins and enzymes, and plays an important role in the growth and development of wheat.
[0015] Biochar has a highly developed porous structure and a large specific surface area, which can effectively adsorb salt ions in the soil, such as sodium ions and chloride ions, reducing the concentration of harmful ions in the soil and mitigating the toxic effects of salt and alkali on wheat seeds and seedlings. Biochar has high stability in the soil and can slowly release some mineral nutrients, such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium, providing a long-term nutrient supply for wheat growth. At the same time, it can also promote the decomposition and transformation of organic matter in the soil and improve the soil fertility level.
[0016] Preferably, the preparation steps of the soil conditioner are as follows:
[0017] S2.1 Dissolve humic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide, raise the temperature to 60-90℃, add glycolic anhydride dropwise, and stir at 200-300 rpm to carry out the acylation reaction for 2-6 hours.
[0018] S2.2 After the acylation reaction is completed, the reaction system is cooled to 40-60℃, calcium lignosulfonate is added, and the reaction is continued to be stirred at 200-300 rpm for 1-2 hours.
[0019] After the reaction is complete, the reaction product is poured into ethanol, a precipitate is formed, and the precipitate is washed with ethanol 2-3 times. The washed precipitate is dried at 40-60℃ to constant weight to obtain acetylated humic acid.
[0020] S2.3. Pour the desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid and biochar into a mixing device and stir at 400-500 rpm for 15-30 minutes to obtain a soil conditioner.
[0021] Preferably, the specific steps of S1.1 are as follows:
[0022] Apply soil conditioner evenly to the surface of saline-alkali land, then deep plow to a depth of 25-30 cm to ensure the conditioner is fully mixed with the soil.
[0023] Preferably, in S1.2, the organic fertilizer includes one or more of the following: well-rotted farmyard manure, compost, and green manure.
[0024] Preferably, in step S1.2, the microbial agent is prepared by mixing rhizobium, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:2:2, then mixing it with seaweed extract in a mass ratio of 5:1, and finally diluting it with water to a ratio of 300-500 times before use.
[0025] Rhizobia have a unique nitrogen-fixing ability and can form a symbiotic relationship with soybean roots. They fix atmospheric nitrogen in the rhizosphere and convert it into nitrogen forms such as ammonia that can be used by wheat, providing a continuous nitrogen source for wheat growth. This symbiotic relationship not only helps to improve the germination rate of wheat seeds and the growth rate of seedlings, but also enhances the robustness of seedlings, making them better able to resist the stress of saline-alkali environments.
[0026] Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can secrete substances such as acid phosphatase to convert insoluble phosphorus in the soil into soluble phosphorus that can be absorbed and utilized by wheat, thereby increasing the content of available phosphorus in the soil and promoting the germination of wheat seeds and the development of the root system. This effect not only helps wheat to take root and absorb nutrients better in saline-alkali soil, but also improves soil fertility and water use efficiency.
[0027] Potassium-solubilizing bacteria can decompose potassium-containing minerals in the soil, releasing potassium ions and increasing the availability of potassium in the soil to meet the potassium requirements for wheat growth. This effect helps to enhance the stress resistance of wheat and improve its ability to resist salinity and pests in saline-alkali land.
[0028] Seaweed extract is rich in various nutrients, including macro-elements, micro-elements, amino acids, and vitamins, which can provide comprehensive nutritional support for wheat seedling cultivation, compensate for the lack of nutrients in saline-alkali soil, and promote the germination of wheat seeds and the growth of seedlings. The polysaccharides, phenolic compounds and other active substances in seaweed extract have antioxidant and plant physiological function regulation effects, which can enhance the tolerance of wheat seeds and seedlings to saline-alkali stress and improve their stress resistance.
[0029] Preferably, in step S1.3, wheat seeds are soaked in a gibberellin solution with a concentration of 50-100 mg / L for 6-8 hours, and then soaked in a betaine solution with a concentration of 0.5%-1% for 1-2 hours.
[0030] Preferably, in step S1.5, the specific steps for watering wheat in field management are as follows:
[0031] Seedling stage: After emergence, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 65-75%;
[0032] Greening-up period: After the wheat seedlings turn green, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 70-75%;
[0033] During the jointing stage: Water every 10-15 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 75-80%;
[0034] During the heading stage: Water every 7-10 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 80%;
[0035] During the heading and flowering stage: Water every 7-10 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 75-80%;
[0036] Grain filling period: Water every 7-10 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 70-75%, but stop watering 7-10 days before harvest.
[0037] Preferably, in step S1.5, the specific steps for topdressing wheat in field management are as follows:
[0038] Seedling stage: Apply urea at the 3-4 leaf stage;
[0039] During the greening period: apply compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 25:10:10;
[0040] During the jointing stage: apply compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 15:5:20;
[0041] During the booting stage: apply compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 10:5:25;
[0042] During the heading and flowering stage: Apply foliar fertilizer by spraying a 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 7-10 days for 2-3 consecutive times.
[0043] Preferably, the compound fertilizer is composed of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride.
[0044] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
[0045] 1. In this method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali soil, the addition of glycolic anhydride can increase the active functional groups of humic acid, improve its hydrophilicity, thereby enhancing the soil's water retention capacity and providing a more suitable water environment for wheat seeds. In addition, glycolic anhydride helps to regulate soil pH, reduce the alkalinity of saline-alkali soil, promote the formation of soil aggregates, improve aeration and permeability, and benefit wheat root growth. At the same time, it can also form complexes with soil nutrients, reduce nutrient loss and improve availability, and promote the absorption of nutrients by wheat.
[0046] 2. In this method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali soil, the addition of calcium lignosulfonate can significantly optimize soil structure, enhance the binding force between soil particles, and make the soil looser and more breathable, which is conducive to the extension and respiration of wheat roots, thereby promoting deeper and more stable root development. In addition, calcium lignosulfonate has a certain water retention capacity, which can improve the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, reduce the loss of water and nutrients, and provide a more stable supply of water and nutrients for wheat in the complex environment of saline-alkali soil, thereby improving seed germination rate and seedling survival rate, and helping wheat grow healthily. Detailed Implementation
[0047] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0048] The organic fertilizer includes one or more of well-rotted farmyard manure, compost, and green manure. The compost used in the following examples was purchased from Shandong Dehe Supply Chain Management Co., Ltd.
[0049] The seaweed extract was purchased from Wuhan Camick Technology Co., Ltd., CAS No.: 6138-23-4.
[0050] Rhizobium FS-J6919 was purchased from Shanghai Fusheng Industrial Co., Ltd.; phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were purchased from Shandong Qilu Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.; and potassium-solubilizing bacteria YB75081M were purchased from Shanghai Yubo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
[0051] The wheat used in the following examples is Xiaoyan No. 6, and the soybean is Zhonghuang 35.
[0052] Example 1: A method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:
[0053] S1.1. Apply 30 kg of soil conditioner evenly to the surface of each mu of saline-alkali land, and then deep plow to a depth of 30 cm to ensure that the conditioner is fully mixed with the soil.
[0054] S1.2. Mix 150 parts by weight of organic fertilizer and 120 parts by weight of vermiculite, spread them into a seedbed with a thickness of 15 cm, and apply 3 parts by weight of microbial agent by spraying.
[0055] The microbial inoculant is made by mixing rhizobium, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:2:2, then mixing it with seaweed extract in a mass ratio of 5:1, and finally diluting it with water to 300 times before use.
[0056] S1.3 Soak wheat seeds in a 100 mg / L gibberellin solution for 6 hours, then soak them in a 1% betaine solution for 2 hours, and then air dry them for later use.
[0057] S1.4. Sow soybeans in rows at a depth of 3 cm and a row spacing of 25 cm. Sow soybeans at equal intervals in each row, with alternating rows, and maintain a plant spacing of 15-20 cm. Cover the soybeans with a 3 cm thick layer of soil after sowing, and cover the soil surface with a layer of straw to retain moisture. Water immediately after sowing to ensure the soil is moist.
[0058] S1.5 The specific steps for watering wheat in field management are as follows:
[0059] Seedling stage: After emergence, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 75%;
[0060] Greening-up period: After the wheat seedlings turn green, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 75%;
[0061] During the jointing stage: Water every 10 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 80%;
[0062] During the heading stage: Water every 7 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 80%;
[0063] During the heading and flowering stage: Water every 7 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 80%;
[0064] Grain filling period: Water once every 7 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 75%, but stop watering 7 days before harvest;
[0065] The specific steps for topdressing wheat in field management are as follows:
[0066] Seedling stage: Apply 5 kg of urea per mu at the 3-leaf stage;
[0067] During the greening period: apply 15 kg of compound fertilizer per mu with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 25:10:10;
[0068] During the jointing stage: apply 10 kg of compound fertilizer per mu with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15:5:20;
[0069] During the booting stage: Apply 5 kg of compound fertilizer per mu with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 10:5:25;
[0070] During the heading and flowering stage: Apply foliar fertilizer by spraying a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 7 days for 3 consecutive times.
[0071] The preparation steps of the soil conditioner are as follows:
[0072] S2.1 Weigh calcium lignosulfonate, humic acid and glycolic anhydride in a mass ratio of 1:5:1; dissolve humic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide, raise the temperature to 90°C, add glycolic anhydride dropwise, and stir at 300 rpm to carry out the acylation reaction for 6 hours.
[0073] S2.2 After the acylation reaction is completed, the reaction system is cooled to 60°C, calcium lignosulfonate is added, and the reaction is continued to be stirred at 300 rpm for 2 hours.
[0074] After the reaction was completed, the reaction product was poured into ethanol, a precipitate was formed, and the precipitate was washed three times with ethanol. The washed precipitate was dried at 40°C to constant weight to obtain acetylated humic acid.
[0075] S2.3 Weigh out desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid and biochar in a mass ratio of 4:3:4; pour the desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid and biochar into a mixing device and stir at 500 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a soil conditioner.
[0076] Example 2: A method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:
[0077] S1.1. Apply 30 kg of soil conditioner evenly to the surface of each mu of saline-alkali land, and then deep plow to a depth of 30 cm to ensure that the conditioner is fully mixed with the soil.
[0078] S1.2. Mix 150 parts by weight of organic fertilizer and 120 parts by weight of vermiculite, spread them into a seedbed with a thickness of 15 cm, and apply 3 parts by weight of microbial agent by spraying.
[0079] The microbial inoculant is made by mixing rhizobium, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:2:2, then mixing it with seaweed extract in a mass ratio of 5:1, and finally diluting it with water to 300 times before use.
[0080] S1.3 Soak wheat seeds in a 100 mg / L gibberellin solution for 6 hours, then soak them in a 1% betaine solution for 2 hours, and then air dry them for later use.
[0081] S1.4. Sow soybeans in rows at a depth of 3 cm and a row spacing of 25 cm. Sow soybeans at equal intervals in each row, with alternating rows, and maintain a plant spacing of 15-20 cm. Cover the soybeans with a 3 cm thick layer of soil after sowing, and cover the soil surface with a layer of straw to retain moisture. Water immediately after sowing to ensure the soil is moist.
[0082] S1.5 The specific steps for watering wheat in field management are as follows:
[0083] Seedling stage: After emergence, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 75%;
[0084] Greening-up period: After the wheat seedlings turn green, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 75%;
[0085] During the jointing stage: Water every 10 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 80%;
[0086] During the heading stage: Water every 7 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 80%;
[0087] During the heading and flowering stage: Water every 7 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 80%;
[0088] Grain filling period: Water once every 7 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 75%, but stop watering 7 days before harvest;
[0089] The specific steps for topdressing wheat in field management are as follows:
[0090] Seedling stage: Apply 5 kg of urea per mu at the 3-leaf stage;
[0091] During the greening period: apply 15 kg of compound fertilizer per mu with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 25:10:10;
[0092] During the jointing stage: apply 10 kg of compound fertilizer per mu with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15:5:20;
[0093] During the booting stage: Apply 5 kg of compound fertilizer per mu with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 10:5:25;
[0094] During the heading and flowering stage: Apply foliar fertilizer by spraying a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 7 days for 3 consecutive times.
[0095] The preparation steps of the soil conditioner are as follows:
[0096] S2.1 Weigh calcium lignosulfonate, humic acid and glycolic anhydride in a mass ratio of 1:5:2; dissolve humic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide, raise the temperature to 90°C, add glycolic anhydride dropwise, and stir at 300 rpm to carry out the acylation reaction for 6 hours.
[0097] S2.2 After the acylation reaction is completed, the reaction system is cooled to 60°C, calcium lignosulfonate is added, and the reaction is continued to be stirred at 300 rpm for 2 hours.
[0098] After the reaction was completed, the reaction product was poured into ethanol, a precipitate was formed, and the precipitate was washed three times with ethanol. The washed precipitate was dried at 40°C to constant weight to obtain acetylated humic acid.
[0099] S2.3 Weigh out desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid and biochar in a mass ratio of 4:3:4; pour the desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid and biochar into a mixing device and stir at 500 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a soil conditioner.
[0100] Example 3: A method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:
[0101] S1.1. Apply 30 kg of soil conditioner evenly to the surface of each mu of saline-alkali land, and then deep plow to a depth of 30 cm to ensure that the conditioner is fully mixed with the soil.
[0102] S1.2. Mix 150 parts by weight of organic fertilizer and 120 parts by weight of vermiculite, spread them into a seedbed with a thickness of 15 cm, and apply 3 parts by weight of microbial agent by spraying.
[0103] The microbial inoculant is made by mixing rhizobium, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:2:2, then mixing it with seaweed extract in a mass ratio of 5:1, and finally diluting it with water to 300 times before use.
[0104] S1.3 Soak wheat seeds in a 100 mg / L gibberellin solution for 6 hours, then soak them in a 1% betaine solution for 2 hours, and then air dry them for later use.
[0105] S1.4. Sow soybeans in rows at a depth of 3 cm and a row spacing of 25 cm. Sow soybeans at equal intervals in each row, with alternating rows, and maintain a plant spacing of 15-20 cm. Cover the soybeans with a 3 cm thick layer of soil after sowing, and cover the soil surface with a layer of straw to retain moisture. Water immediately after sowing to ensure the soil is moist.
[0106] S1.5 The specific steps for watering wheat in field management are as follows:
[0107] Seedling stage: After emergence, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 75%;
[0108] Greening-up period: After the wheat seedlings turn green, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 75%;
[0109] During the jointing stage: Water every 10 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 80%;
[0110] During the heading stage: Water every 7 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 80%;
[0111] During the heading and flowering stage: Water every 7 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 80%;
[0112] Grain filling period: Water once every 7 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 75%, but stop watering 7 days before harvest;
[0113] The specific steps for topdressing wheat in field management are as follows:
[0114] Seedling stage: Apply 5 kg of urea per mu at the 3-leaf stage;
[0115] During the greening period: apply 15 kg of compound fertilizer per mu with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 25:10:10;
[0116] During the jointing stage: apply 10 kg of compound fertilizer per mu with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15:5:20;
[0117] During the booting stage: Apply 5 kg of compound fertilizer per mu with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 10:5:25;
[0118] During the heading and flowering stage: Apply foliar fertilizer by spraying a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 7 days for 3 consecutive times.
[0119] The preparation steps of the soil conditioner are as follows:
[0120] S2.1 Weigh calcium lignosulfonate, humic acid and glycolic anhydride in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; dissolve humic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide, raise the temperature to 90°C, add glycolic anhydride dropwise, and stir at 300 rpm to carry out the acylation reaction for 6 hours.
[0121] S2.2 After the acylation reaction is completed, the reaction system is cooled to 60°C, calcium lignosulfonate is added, and the reaction is continued to be stirred at 300 rpm for 2 hours.
[0122] After the reaction was completed, the reaction product was poured into ethanol, a precipitate was formed, and the precipitate was washed three times with ethanol. The washed precipitate was dried at 40°C to constant weight to obtain acetylated humic acid.
[0123] S2.3 Weigh out desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid and biochar in a mass ratio of 4:3:4; pour the desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid and biochar into a mixing device and stir at 500 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a soil conditioner.
[0124] Example 4: A method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:
[0125] S1.1. Apply 50 kg of soil conditioner evenly to the surface of each mu of saline-alkali land, and then deep plow to a depth of 30 cm to ensure that the conditioner is fully mixed with the soil.
[0126] S1.2. Mix 200 parts by weight of organic fertilizer and 220 parts by weight of vermiculite, spread them into a seedbed with a thickness of 15 cm, and apply 5 parts by weight of microbial agent by spraying.
[0127] The microbial inoculant is made by mixing rhizobium, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:2:2, then mixing it with seaweed extract in a mass ratio of 5:1, and finally diluting it with water to 300 times before use.
[0128] S1.3 Soak wheat seeds in a 100 mg / L gibberellin solution for 6 hours, then soak them in a 1% betaine solution for 2 hours, and then air dry them for later use.
[0129] S1.4. Sow soybeans in rows at a depth of 3 cm and a row spacing of 25 cm. Sow soybeans at equal intervals in each row, with alternating rows, and maintain a plant spacing of 15-20 cm. Cover the soybeans with a 3 cm thick layer of soil after sowing, and cover the soil surface with a layer of straw to retain moisture. Water immediately after sowing to ensure the soil is moist.
[0130] S1.5 The specific steps for watering wheat in field management are as follows:
[0131] Seedling stage: After emergence, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 75%;
[0132] Greening-up period: After the wheat seedlings turn green, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 75%;
[0133] During the jointing stage: Water every 10 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 80%;
[0134] During the heading stage: Water every 7 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 80%;
[0135] During the heading and flowering stage: Water every 7 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 80%;
[0136] Grain filling period: Water once every 7 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 75%, but stop watering 7 days before harvest;
[0137] The specific steps for topdressing wheat in field management are as follows:
[0138] Seedling stage: Apply 8 kg of urea per mu at the 3-leaf stage;
[0139] During the greening period: apply 20 kg of compound fertilizer per mu with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 25:10:10;
[0140] During the jointing stage: apply 15 kg of compound fertilizer per mu with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15:5:20;
[0141] During the booting stage: Apply 8 kg of compound fertilizer per mu with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 10:5:25;
[0142] During the heading and flowering stage: Apply foliar fertilizer by spraying a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 7 days for 3 consecutive times.
[0143] The preparation steps of the soil conditioner are as follows:
[0144] S2.1 Weigh calcium lignosulfonate, humic acid and glycolic anhydride in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; dissolve humic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide, raise the temperature to 90°C, add glycolic anhydride dropwise, and stir at 300 rpm to carry out the acylation reaction for 6 hours.
[0145] S2.2 After the acylation reaction is completed, the reaction system is cooled to 60°C, calcium lignosulfonate is added, and the reaction is continued to be stirred at 300 rpm for 2 hours.
[0146] After the reaction was completed, the reaction product was poured into ethanol, a precipitate was formed, and the precipitate was washed three times with ethanol. The washed precipitate was dried at 40°C to constant weight to obtain acetylated humic acid.
[0147] S2.3 Weigh out desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid and biochar in a mass ratio of 4:3:4; pour the desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid and biochar into a mixing device and stir at 500 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a soil conditioner.
[0148] Comparative Example 1
[0149] Using the method of Example 4, soil conditioner was prepared directly using humic acid without the use of acetylated humic acid.
[0150] Comparative Example 2
[0151] The method of Example 4 was used to remove calcium lignosulfonate.
[0152] This invention uses a soil conditioner to adjust soil pH, reduce the alkalinity of saline-alkali land, promote soil aggregate formation, improve aeration and permeability, and benefit wheat root growth. The wheat cultivation performance indicators and testing standards are as follows:
[0153] Soil conditioner was applied to initially saline-alkali land (pH=8.5-9.0, EC=4-6dS / m), and the growth status of wheat was assessed by measuring indicators such as seed germination rate, seedling height, and seedling stem diameter.
[0154] Seed germination rate assessment: Under suitable temperature and humidity conditions, place at least 25 seeds to improve statistical accuracy, observe and record germination status regularly; the germination standard is when the radicle breaks through the seed coat; finally, calculate the proportion of germinated seeds to the total number of seeds; a high germination rate indicates that the seeds are vigorous and that the internal physiologically active substances and nutrients can better support seed germination and seedling growth.
[0155] Seedling height measurement: Measure the seedling height during key growth stages of wheat (such as the three-leaf stage); the height measurement should be taken from the soil surface to the highest point of the seedling; if the seedling is soft or easily tilted, a fixed support can be used to gently straighten it to ensure that the seedling is upright; use a measuring tape perpendicular to the ground to measure from the soil surface and record the length to the highest point of the seedling; repeat the measurement 2-3 times for the same seedling.
[0156] Seedling stem thickness test: The measurement is usually taken at the middle of the seedling stem (such as between the cotyledon and the first true leaf); if the stem has nodes, the measurement is taken at the internode; gently clamp the stem with the two measuring claws of the caliper, making sure not to squeeze the stem, read the value on the caliper, and record the stem thickness. Measure the same stem 2-3 times; a thick stem is beneficial to the lodging resistance of wheat in the later stages.
[0157] Specific data on wheat seed breeding are shown in Table 1:
[0158] Table 1. Wheat seed breeding data for Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2
[0159]
[0160] As can be seen from Examples 1-4, the seed germination rate, seedling stem diameter and plant height of Example 4 are significantly increased compared with Examples 1-3;
[0161] Therefore, it can be seen that in Examples 1-4, when the raw materials of each component are increased to different degrees, the various performance indicators of wheat seeds are improved. Taking Example 4 as the optimal example, it can be seen that when acetylated humic acid is used directly to apply humic acid as a soil conditioner without the use of acetylated humic acid, the germination rate, seedling stem diameter and plant height of wheat seeds are significantly reduced.
[0162] Ordinary humic acid has poor water solubility, making it difficult to dissolve quickly in the soil and release its active ingredients. This results in wheat seeds and seedlings being unable to fully absorb and utilize it, thus affecting germination rate, stem diameter, and plant height. In contrast, acetylated humic acid, after modification, has significantly improved water solubility and can function better. The number and activity of active groups in humic acid, such as carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups, are limited, resulting in weak adsorption, exchange, and complexation capabilities for nutrients in the soil. Consequently, it cannot effectively provide sufficient nutrients and a favorable soil environment for wheat seed germination and seedling growth. Acetylated humic acid typically has more active groups, enabling it to interact more effectively with minerals in the soil, promoting the formation of soil aggregates, improving soil aeration, permeability, and water retention. This, in turn, promotes wheat seed respiration and seedling root growth and development, thereby increasing germination rate, stem diameter, and plant height.
[0163] As can be seen from Example 4 and Comparative Example 2, after removing calcium lignosulfonate, the germination rate of wheat seeds, seedling stem diameter, and plant height were significantly reduced. This further demonstrates that calcium lignosulfonate possesses certain colloidal properties and can synergistically work with acetylated humic acid to increase soil particle aggregation, resulting in a more stable soil aggregate structure. This helps improve soil water retention capacity, reduce water evaporation and loss, and allows wheat roots to absorb water in a more humid environment. Simultaneously, it also enhances the soil's nutrient adsorption capacity, reduces nutrient leaching, and improves soil nutrient absorption. High fertilizer utilization rate provides a continuous supply of nutrients for wheat growth. In addition, calcium lignosulfonate can reduce soil surface tension, making it easier for soil solution to penetrate into the soil particles, while also promoting the absorption and transport of nutrients by wheat roots. When used in combination with acetylated humic acid, it can regulate the nutrient environment around wheat roots, enhance the affinity of roots for nutrients, improve the absorption efficiency of wheat for macro-elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium as well as micro-elements, provide sufficient nutrient support for wheat growth, promote the vigorous growth of wheat plants, and increase stem diameter and plant height.
[0164] In summary, the components in soil conditioners, such as calcium and magnesium, can react with sodium ions in the soil through ion exchange, displacing sodium ions, reducing soil salinity, mitigating the toxic effects of salt and alkali on wheat seeds and seedlings, promoting the formation of good soil aggregates, increasing soil porosity, and improving soil aeration and permeability. This helps wheat seeds and seedlings to better breathe and absorb water and nutrients during germination and seedling growth, thereby increasing the germination rate.
[0165] Soil conditioners can increase the availability of nutrients in the soil, making nutrients that are originally fixed by salinity or difficult for wheat to absorb, such as macroelements like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as microelements like iron, zinc, and manganese, more readily available for wheat to absorb and utilize. Among these, nitrogen helps in the synthesis of proteins and chlorophyll, providing a material basis for seedling growth; phosphorus participates in energy metabolism and cell division; and potassium promotes the transport and accumulation of carbohydrates. All of these factors are beneficial to the division and growth of stem cells in seedlings, resulting in increased stem diameter.
[0166] Soil conditioners provide a suitable living environment and nutrients for soil microorganisms, promoting the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria. These microorganisms can participate in the transformation and cycling of nutrients in the soil, further improving soil fertility. Seedlings can carry out normal physiological activities, and cell elongation and division are not inhibited, which is conducive to the growth of plant height.
[0167] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali land, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1.1 Improve soil structure by deep tillage and application of 30-50 parts by weight of soil conditioner; S1.
2. Mix 150-200 parts by weight of organic fertilizer and 120-220 parts by weight of vermiculite, spread them into a seedbed with a thickness of 10-15 cm, and apply 3-5 parts by weight of microbial agent by spraying. S1.3 Soak wheat seeds in gibberellin and betaine, then air dry them for later use; S1.
4. Sow in rows at a depth of 2-3 cm and a row spacing of 20-25 cm. Sow soybeans at equal intervals in each row. After sowing, cover with a 2-3 cm thick layer of soil and cover the soil surface with a layer of straw to retain moisture. Water immediately after sowing to ensure the soil is moist. S1.
5. Irrigation and topdressing for wheat field management; In S1.1, the soil conditioner is composed of desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid and biochar mixed in a mass ratio of 4:3:4; Among them, acetylated humic acid is prepared by acylation reaction of glycolic anhydride and humic acid, and the addition of calcium lignosulfonate. The mass ratio of calcium lignosulfonate, humic acid and glycolic anhydride is 1:5:1-3.
2. The method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation steps of the soil conditioner are as follows: S2.1 Dissolve humic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide, raise the temperature to 60-90℃, add glycolic anhydride dropwise, and stir at 200-300 rpm to carry out the acylation reaction for 2-6 hours. S2.2 After the acylation reaction is completed, the reaction system is cooled to 40-60℃, calcium lignosulfonate is added, and the reaction is continued to be stirred at 200-300 rpm for 1-2 hours. After the reaction is complete, the reaction product is poured into ethanol, a precipitate is formed, and the precipitate is washed with ethanol 2-3 times. The washed precipitate is dried at 40-60℃ to constant weight to obtain acetylated humic acid. S2.
3. Pour the desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid and biochar into a mixing device and stir at 400-500 rpm for 15-30 minutes to obtain a soil conditioner.
3. The method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps of S1.1 are as follows: Apply soil conditioner evenly to the surface of saline-alkali land, then deep plow to a depth of 25-30 cm to ensure the conditioner is fully mixed with the soil.
4. The method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1.2, the microbial agent is prepared by mixing rhizobium, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:2:2, then mixing it with seaweed extract in a mass ratio of 5:1, and finally diluting it with water to a ratio of 300-500 before use.
5. The method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1.3, wheat seeds are soaked in a gibberellin solution with a concentration of 50-100 mg / L for 6-8 hours, and then soaked in a betaine solution with a concentration of 0.5%-1% for 1-2 hours.
6. The method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1.5, the specific steps for watering wheat in field management are as follows: Seedling stage: After emergence, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 65-75%; Greening-up period: After the wheat seedlings turn green, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 70-75%; During the jointing stage: Water every 10-15 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 75-80%; During the heading stage: Water every 7-10 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 80%; During the heading and flowering stage: Water every 7-10 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 75-80%; Grain filling period: Water every 7-10 days to maintain a relative soil moisture content of 70-75%, but stop watering 7-10 days before harvest.
7. The method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1.5, the specific steps for topdressing wheat in field management are as follows: Seedling stage: Apply urea at the 3-4 leaf stage; During the greening period: apply compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 25:10:10; During the jointing stage: apply compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 15:5:20; During the booting stage: apply compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 10:5:25; During the heading and flowering stage: Apply foliar fertilizer by spraying a 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 7-10 days for 2-3 consecutive times.
8. The method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali land according to claim 7, characterized in that, The compound fertilizer is composed of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride.