A rice planting intelligent efficient water pumping irrigation system based on photovoltaic and energy storage

Abstract

This invention discloses an intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice cultivation based on photovoltaic and energy storage, relating to the field of rice irrigation and cultivation. It includes: a photovoltaic water-lifting irrigation unit for pumping irrigation water from a water source to a reservoir based on photovoltaic power generation; drawing water from the reservoir to irrigate a group of terraced fields; a detection unit for detecting each terrace in the group, obtaining information on water content, pesticide residues in the water, and landslide risk for each terrace, and obtaining detection results; a classification unit for classifying each terrace based on the detection results, obtaining a type classification result for each terrace; and a control unit for controlling the opening and closing of water transmission equipment connected to each terrace based on the type classification result. This system can achieve reasonable irrigation of terraced fields, reduce the risk of landslides in terraced fields, reduce pesticide residues in lower terraced fields, and ensure the normal growth and quality of rice in lower terraced fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rice irrigation, specifically to an intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice cultivation based on photovoltaic and energy storage. Background Technology

[0002] In hilly areas of my country, rice is typically grown on terraced fields built on hillsides. Irrigation is a crucial management aspect of rice cultivation, directly affecting the growth, yield, and quality of the rice.

[0003] Currently, the irrigation technology used for rice cultivation is pumped irrigation, which involves pumping water to the highest terraced field and then allowing it to flow down the terraced fields one by one. This method only requires bringing the water to the highest point and then using gravity to allow the water to flow through each terraced field in sequence for irrigation. This irrigation method is simple and uses gravity to automatically irrigate each terrace, which can save a certain amount of irrigation energy.

[0004] However, the applicant discovered the following technical problems with the aforementioned rice terrace irrigation method:

[0005] Traditional terraced field irrigation relies on centralized irrigation, specifically gravity-fed water flow, where water from the upper terraces gradually seeps down to the lower terraces through drainage outlets along the field ridges. If the drainage outlets are fixed (without artificial adjustment mechanisms), irrigation of the lower terraces depends on the upper terraces being fully filled. This system can lead to problems such as the need for frequent water flow adjustments to avoid over-irrigation of the upper terraces or water shortage in the lower terraces when rice growing seasons vary significantly, thus increasing management costs.

[0006] Because the terraced fields are currently connected directly or indirectly, water is filled in from the top to the bottom of each terraced field during irrigation. However, some terraced fields have a risk of landslides and are not suitable for continued irrigation. Irrigation in such cases can easily lead to landslides, posing a certain safety risk.

[0007] Rice is treated with pesticides several times during planting. After the pesticides are applied, some pesticide residues remain in the water of the terraced fields. When irrigating, the water containing pesticide residues in the upper terraced fields flows into the lower terraced fields layer by layer. This causes the pesticide residues in the upper terraced fields to be transferred to the lower terraced fields, resulting in higher pesticide residues in the lower terraced fields, which affects the normal growth and quality of rice in the lower terraced fields.

[0008] In summary, the existing rice terrace planting irrigation adopts a centralized irrigation method, which leads to unreasonable irrigation problems such as over-irrigation of some terraces and water shortage in others, as well as the safety hazard of landslides caused by irrigation, and high pesticide residues in the lower terraces, which affect the normal growth and quality of rice in the lower terraces. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent irrigation system for rice-growing areas, thereby achieving rational irrigation of terraced fields, reducing the risk of landslides in terraced fields, lowering pesticide residues in lower terraced fields, and ensuring the normal growth and quality of rice in lower terraced fields.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, this invention provides a smart and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice cultivation based on photovoltaic and energy storage, the system comprising:

[0011] A photovoltaic unit is used to provide electrical energy to the system's electrical equipment based on photovoltaic power generation, as well as to store and manage the electrical energy;

[0012] The water lifting unit is used to lift irrigation water from the water source to a reservoir at the top of the pre-designated hillside rice planting area;

[0013] An irrigation unit is used to draw water from a reservoir to irrigate the terraced fields in a pre-designed hillside rice planting area. The pre-designed hillside rice planting area has several terraced layers distributed along the hillside height, and each terraced layer includes several isolated terraces. Each terrace is connected to each terrace in its adjacent upper terraced layer through an independent water transmission device.

[0014] The detection unit is used to detect each terrace in the terraced field group, obtain information on water content, pesticide residues in the water and landslide risk of each terrace, and obtain detection results;

[0015] The classification unit is used to classify each terrace based on the detection results and obtain the type classification result of each terrace;

[0016] The control unit is used to control the opening and closing of water transmission equipment connected to each terrace based on the type classification of each terrace.

[0017] This invention utilizes a photovoltaic unit, a water-lifting unit, and an irrigation unit to generate electricity, then lifts the water to a higher location for irrigation, thus achieving the basic function of water-lifting irrigation. Unlike existing technologies, each terrace in this invention comprises several isolated terraces. This isolation is designed for individual, precise irrigation management of each terrace. In traditional terraced irrigation methods, the water for the lower terraces comes directly from the nearest upper terrace, meaning there is only one terrace that receives water. This results in lower terraces needing irrigation regardless of whether the upper terraces are thirsty. In traditional methods, the terraces closest to each other in the upper layer are filled with water, leading to inefficient irrigation. Unlike traditional methods, in this invention, each terrace is connected to each terrace in its adjacent upper layer through an independent water transmission device. This means that during irrigation, a suitable terrace can be selected from the upper layers for irrigation by opening the corresponding water transmission device and closing the water transmission device for the unsuitable terrace. In other words, a terrace that also needs irrigation can be selected from multiple upper terraces as the water-draining terrace, achieving rational irrigation and avoiding over-irrigation of the upper terraces.

[0018] Traditional terraced field irrigation uses centralized irrigation, relying on gravity-fed water flow. Water from the upper terraces gradually seeps down to the lower terraces through drainage outlets along the ridges. If the drainage outlets are fixed (without artificial adjustment mechanisms), irrigation of the lower terraces requires the upper terraces to be fully filled. This system may lead to several issues: when rice growing seasons vary significantly across terraced fields, frequent water flow adjustments are necessary to avoid over-irrigation of the upper layers or water shortage in the lower layers, increasing management costs and making it difficult to meet the individualized irrigation needs of each terrace. Furthermore, the need for irrigation depends on the specific conditions of each terrace. Therefore, this system incorporates a detection unit to monitor each terrace within the terraced field complex, obtaining information on water content, pesticide residues, and landslide risk. The system uses water content information to determine if irrigation is needed, pesticide residue levels to assess pesticide levels (if exceeding limits), and landslide risk information to determine if the terrace is at risk of landslides. Slope risk necessitates drainage rather than irrigation for the terraced fields, thereby reducing safety hazards. Then, a classification unit categorizes each terraced field based on the detection results, obtaining a type classification result for each terraced field. Finally, a control unit controls the opening and closing of water transmission equipment connected to each terraced field based on its type classification result. The control unit opens the corresponding water transmission equipment and closes the rest, ensuring that terraced fields requiring irrigation are irrigated, while avoiding over-irrigation of those that do not. This also reduces the inflow of excessive pesticide residues into lower terraced fields and lowers the risk of landslides in some terraced fields. This achieves intelligent irrigation of terraced fields in rice-growing areas, enabling rational irrigation, reducing the risk of landslides in irrigated terraced fields, lowering pesticide residues in lower terraced fields, and ensuring the normal growth and quality of rice in the lower terraced fields.

[0019] Preferably, the terraced fields are classified into: water supply terraced fields, water demand terraced fields, and non-water supply and non-water demand terraced fields; the control unit is used to open the water transmission equipment connecting the water supply terraced fields and the water demand terraced fields, and close the water transmission equipment connecting the water supply terraced fields with each other, the water supply terraced fields with the non-water supply and non-water demand terraced fields, the water demand terraced fields with the non-water supply and non-water demand terraced fields, and the non-water supply and non-water demand terraced fields with each other.

[0020] Among these, water supply terraces require water to flow out of them, water demand terraces require water to flow into them, and non-water supply and non-water demand terraces do not require water to flow out or in. Therefore, the water transmission equipment connecting the water supply terraces and the water demand terraces is activated to allow water from the water supply terraces to flow into the water demand terraces, while the water transmission equipment connecting the water supply terraces to each other is deactivated to prevent excessive water in the lower water supply terraces; similarly, the water transmission equipment connecting the water supply terraces to the non-water supply and non-water demand terraces is deactivated to prevent excessive water in the lower non-water supply and non-water demand terraces. Excessive water; shut down water transmission equipment connecting water-demanding terraces to prevent water reduction in upper water-demanding terraces; shut down water transmission equipment connecting water-demanding terraces to non-water-supplying and non-water-demanding terraces to prevent water reduction in upper water-demanding terraces and excessive water in lower non-water-supplying and non-water-demanding terraces; shut down water transmission equipment connecting non-water-supplying and non-water-demanding terraces to prevent water reduction in upper non-water-supplying and non-water-demanding terraces and excessive water in lower non-water-supplying and non-water-demanding terraces.

[0021] The purpose of classifying terraced fields is to divide them into one of the following categories: water supply terraces, water demand terraces, and non-water supply and non-water demand terraces. Then, the opening and closing of the water transmission equipment is determined according to the type of terraces connected to both ends of the water transmission equipment, so as to achieve precise irrigation control for each terraced field.

[0022] Preferably, the classification of each terrace based on the detection results specifically includes:

[0023] First, assess the landslide risk of the terraced fields. If the landslide risk information indicates a high risk, then the terraced field and the adjacent terraces in the lower layer of the terraced field are identified as water supply terraces. If the landslide risk is relatively high, then the water in the terraced field needs to be controlled and drained. Therefore, it is identified as a water supply terraced field. Furthermore, the lower layer of the terraced field may also cause landslides, because it shares an adjacent foundation with the terraced field. If there is too much water in the lower layer of the terraced field, it will cause excessive water infiltration and soaking of the foundation of the upper terraced field, increasing the risk of landslides in the upper terraced field. Therefore, the terraces adjacent to the terraced field in the lower layer of the terraced field also need to be identified as water supply terraces.

[0024] If the landslide risk information of the terrace is low, then the water content information of the terrace is determined: if the water content information of the terrace is lower than the first water content threshold, it means that the water content of the terrace is relatively low, and the terrace is determined to be a water-requiring terrace; if the water content information of the terrace is greater than or equal to the first water content threshold and less than the second water content threshold, it means that the water content of the terrace is suitable, and the terrace is determined to be a non-water-supplying and non-water-requiring terrace.

[0025] If the water content information of the terrace is greater than or equal to the second water content threshold, then the pesticide residue information in the water of the terrace is determined: if the pesticide residue information in the water of the terrace is less than the first pesticide residue threshold, it means that the water quality of the terrace meets the requirements and can supply water to other terraces, and the terrace is determined to be a water supply terrace; if the pesticide residue information in the water of the terrace is greater than or equal to the first pesticide residue threshold, it means that the water quality of the terrace does not meet the standards and cannot supply water to other terraces, and the terrace is determined to be a non-water supply and non-water demand terrace.

[0026] Preferably, the applicant's research found that terraced fields are typically located in mountainous areas with large temperature differences between day and night, and low temperatures at certain times. Traditional irrigation involves directly delivering water to the terraces, but direct irrigation with cold water in mountainous areas may inhibit rice growth, potentially causing chilling injury. Therefore, to address this issue, the detection unit is also used to detect the water temperature in the reservoir and obtain the water temperature detection results. The system also includes a heating unit for heating the water flowing out of the reservoir. The control unit is also used to control the opening and closing of the heating unit based on the water temperature detection results. That is, when a low temperature is detected in the reservoir, the irrigation water is heated to increase the water temperature, reduce the occurrence of chilling injury in rice, and ensure the normal growth of rice.

[0027] Preferably, the applicant's research found that current terraced field drainage involves draining water from the upper terraces to the lower terraces. During the rainy season, heavy rainfall causes the water flow to be faster closer to the lower terraces, which may erode the edges of the terraces and damage the ridge structure. To solve this problem, this invention designs a separate drainage unit to drain water from the terrace group instead of draining it to the lower terraces when there is a lot of water in the terraces, thereby reducing erosion of the lower terraces and ensuring the safety of the terraces. The system also includes a drainage unit comprising several drainage modules corresponding to each terrace. The drainage modules are used to drain water from the corresponding terrace to a drainage channel isolated from the terrace group. The control unit is also used to control the opening and closing of the drainage modules based on the detection results.

[0028] Preferably, the detection unit obtains pesticide residue information in the water of the terraced fields in the following manner:

[0029] Obtain real-time monitoring images of the terraced fields;

[0030] The system identifies drone spraying behavior in real-time monitoring images to determine whether drone spraying behavior exists in the real-time monitoring images.

[0031] If drone spraying is detected in the real-time monitoring image, a connection is established with the first drone participating in the spraying to obtain the spraying information stored in the first drone.

[0032] Based on the application information, the sampling time of the sample water corresponding to the terrace is obtained;

[0033] Water samples were obtained based on sampling time and sampling frequency.

[0034] The sample water was tested for pesticide residues to obtain information on pesticide residues in the water of the terraced field.

[0035] There are two traditional methods for obtaining pesticide residue information in farmland water. The first is to manually collect samples from the fields periodically. This method requires sampling from each terrace, which is inefficient and does not take into account the situation of pesticide application. For example, the pesticide residue information in the farmland may differ significantly before and after application, thus the accuracy of this method is insufficient. The second method is to install corresponding sampling equipment in the farmland to collect pesticide residue information in real time. Although this method can quickly and accurately obtain pesticide residue information in the farmland, it requires multiple sampling devices for each farmland to ensure comprehensive and accurate collection. Moreover, there are many terraces in an area, and installing multiple corresponding sampling devices for each terrace is costly and cannot be implemented in rural areas. For example, the economic value of rice cultivation is not high, and excessive cost investment makes it difficult to promote. To solve the above two problems, the applicant's research found that the main time point of change in pesticide residue information in farmland is the time point corresponding to pesticide application. During non-application periods, as the pesticide... The pesticide content gradually decreases through absorption, natural degradation, and emission, eliminating the need for real-time monitoring. Therefore, collecting pesticide residue information in farmland only within a specific timeframe after application is sufficient, reducing the high costs associated with real-time collection. Furthermore, the applicant's research has revealed that drone application can be employed. Thus, obtaining real-time monitoring images of the terraced field and identifying drone application behavior within these images is crucial. If drone application is detected, a connection is established with the first drone involved in the application to obtain its stored application information. The purpose of obtaining this information is to accurately determine sampling time and frequency based on different application methods and dosages, as these correspond to different sampling times and frequencies. Water samples are then collected based on the determined sampling time and frequency. These water samples are then tested for pesticide residues to obtain pesticide residue information in the terraced field. This method provides a low-cost, efficient, and accurate way to obtain pesticide residue information in the water of the terraced field.

[0036] Preferably, the drug application information includes: drug name, dosage, and application method;

[0037] The sampling time of the sample water corresponding to the terrace was obtained based on the application information and weather data.

[0038] The degradation rate of pesticides in water is usually measured by half-life. The time periods after application are, in order: peak period, high residue period, mid-degradation period, and safe period. Sampling is usually performed during the mid-degradation and safe periods, which are obtained through their corresponding half-lives. Different pesticides, application methods, and dosages correspond to different half-lives. Therefore, by using application information including pesticide name, dosage, and application method, the half-life can be accurately obtained, and thus the sampling time can be accurately determined.

[0039] Preferably, the sample water is obtained in the following manner:

[0040] The first image of the terraced field to be sampled is acquired, and the first image is analyzed to obtain several sampleable points in the first image;

[0041] Randomly select a preset number of sampleable points from a number of sampleable points as the determined sampling points;

[0042] The sampling path is planned and obtained based on the coordinate information of all determined sampling points;

[0043] The water sampling equipment collects samples at each designated sampling point according to the sampling path, and the samples corresponding to all designated sampling points are aggregated to obtain the sample water.

[0044] The applicant's research revealed that even within the same terraced field, pesticide residue information in the water varied across different areas. Therefore, to accurately obtain pesticide residue information in the water of a single terraced field, this invention improves upon traditional sampling methods. Traditional methods involve randomly selecting sampling points in the farmland and then taking samples. This method easily results in water samples being collected from field edges, inlets, outlets, and areas with dense or sparse aquatic plants, affecting sample accuracy. Field edges are easily influenced by the surrounding environment, leading to unstable pesticide residue information. Inlets and outlets are also prone to instability due to water flow, and dense aquatic plants can obscure pesticide application during spraying, resulting in inaccurate residues. Most pesticide residues remain on aquatic plants, and these plants also absorb the pesticides to some extent, resulting in significantly lower pesticide residue levels in the water compared to other areas. Conversely, sparse aquatic plants allow most pesticides to be sprayed directly into the water, leading to significantly higher pesticide residue levels in the water compared to other areas. Therefore, the pesticide residue information in the water in these areas is unstable and cannot accurately reflect the pesticide residue information in the terraced fields. To accurately obtain pesticide residue information in the water of the terraced fields, it is necessary to acquire a first image of the terraced field to be sampled, analyze the first image to remove the aforementioned areas, and then obtain several sampleable points in the first image that can accurately reflect the pesticide residue information in the water. By using the above method, the pesticide residue information in the water of the terraced fields can be accurately obtained.

[0045] Preferably, the step of analyzing the first image to obtain several sampleable points in the first image specifically involves:

[0046] The sampleable region in the first image is obtained by analyzing the sampleable point recognition model.

[0047] Select several sampleable points from the sampleable region;

[0048] The method for obtaining the sampleable point recognition model is as follows:

[0049] Several images of rice-grown terraced fields were collected to obtain a second image set;

[0050] Each image in the second image set is labeled to identify the sampleable regions in the images, thus obtaining the training set.

[0051] Based on the training set, an AI recognition model is trained to obtain a sampleable point recognition model.

[0052] Among them, the sampleable area can be quickly obtained through the intelligent sampleable point recognition model, which can be obtained through AI model training.

[0053] Preferably, an automatic annotation module is used to automatically annotate each image in the second image set, marking the sampleable regions in the images, specifically including:

[0054] The automatic annotation module identifies the terraced field borders, rice paddies, aquatic plants, water inlets, and water outlets in the images.

[0055] The area within the terraced fields that is farther from the edge of the terraced fields than a first preset distance is designated as the first area; that is, it needs to be far away from the edge of the fields to reduce interference from the external environment.

[0056] Determine whether the first circular area with a fixed radius centered at the water inlet of the terraced field overlaps with the first area. If it does, remove the overlapping area from the first area to obtain the second area. If not, directly obtain the second area based on the first area. That is, it is necessary to move away from the water inlet to reduce the impact of water flow.

[0057] Determine whether the second circular area with a fixed radius centered at the outlet of the terrace overlaps with the first area. If it does, remove the overlapping area from the first area to obtain the third area; otherwise, directly obtain the third area based on the first area. That is, it is necessary to move away from the outlet to reduce the impact of water flow.

[0058] The fourth region is obtained based on the overlapping area of ​​the second and third regions;

[0059] The fourth region is evenly divided into several sub-regions, and the aquatic plant cover density of each sub-region is calculated.

[0060] Sub-regions with aquatic plant cover density greater than the first density threshold and less than the second density threshold are designated as undetermined regions. Screening by aquatic plant cover density can remove areas with dense or sparse aquatic plants, ensuring the accuracy of the final detection.

[0061] Remove the areas covered by rice and aquatic plants in the area to be determined to obtain a sampleable area; since rice and aquatic plants can affect the sampling process of the sampling equipment, it is necessary to remove the areas covered by rice and aquatic plants in the area to be determined to obtain a sampleable area that is convenient for water sampling equipment to perform sampling.

[0062] The sampleable area obtained by labeling.

[0063] One or more technical solutions provided by this invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0064] This invention enables intelligent irrigation of terraced fields in rice-growing areas, achieving rational irrigation of terraced fields, reducing the risk of landslides during terraced irrigation, reducing pesticide residues in lower terraced fields, and ensuring the normal growth and quality of rice in lower terraced fields.

[0065] This invention enables precise classification of terraced fields, thereby achieving precise irrigation control for each terraced field.

[0066] This invention can heat irrigation water, increase water temperature, reduce the occurrence of cold damage to rice, and ensure the normal growth of rice.

[0067] This invention enables low-cost, efficient, and accurate acquisition of pesticide residue information in the water of terraced fields. Attached Figure Description

[0068] The accompanying drawings, which are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the invention and constitute a part of this invention, are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0069] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a smart and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice cultivation based on photovoltaics and energy storage.

[0070] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the water sampling equipment.

[0071] Among them, 1-the fuselage of the second UAV, 2-the landing gear connected to the fuselage, 3-water storage tank, 4-water pump, 5-electric telescopic rod, 6-filter port, 7-water pipe storage tank, 8-water pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0072] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof can be combined with each other.

[0073] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and therefore the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0074] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the disclosure of this invention, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0075] It is understood that the term "a" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more", that is, in one embodiment, the number of an element can be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the element can be multiple, and the term "a" should not be understood as a limitation on the number.

[0076] Example 1;

[0077] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This invention provides a smart and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice cultivation based on photovoltaic and energy storage. The system includes:

[0078] A photovoltaic unit is used to provide electrical energy to the system's electrical equipment based on photovoltaic power generation, as well as to store and manage the electrical energy;

[0079] The water lifting unit is used to lift irrigation water from the water source to a reservoir at the top of the pre-designated hillside rice planting area;

[0080] An irrigation unit is used to draw water from a reservoir to irrigate the terraced fields in a pre-designed hillside rice planting area. The pre-designed hillside rice planting area has several terraced layers distributed along the hillside height, and each terraced layer includes several isolated terraces. Each terrace is connected to each terrace in its adjacent upper terraced layer through an independent water transmission device.

[0081] The detection unit is used to detect each terrace in the terraced field group, obtain information on water content, pesticide residues in the water and landslide risk of each terrace, and obtain detection results;

[0082] The classification unit is used to classify each terrace based on the detection results and obtain the type classification result of each terrace;

[0083] The control unit is used to control the opening and closing of water transmission equipment connected to each terrace based on the type classification of each terrace.

[0084] The photovoltaic unit is a photovoltaic device that generates electricity using photovoltaic panels and corresponding supporting equipment. The generated electricity can be stored and used for subsequent applications. The photovoltaic unit is an existing photovoltaic device, and the embodiments of the present invention will not be described in detail. If the power provided by the photovoltaic unit is insufficient during irrigation, it can be connected to the mains power for irrigation to ensure the normal progress of irrigation.

[0085] The water lifting unit includes pumping equipment and transmission pipes, such as pumps and pipes. The pumps and pipes draw water from lower levels to higher levels to achieve the water lifting operation. In practical applications, if the height span of the rice planting area on the hillside is large, multiple pumping devices are needed to work together. For example, each pumping device can pump water to a reservoir at a certain height, and then subsequent pumping devices can continue to pump water upwards. This can reduce the pressure of pumping too high at once. For example, a set of pumps and reservoirs can be set up at 20-meter intervals. The pumps draw water from the lower level into the reservoir, and then the pumps above draw water from the reservoir into an even higher reservoir, achieving stepped pumping.

[0086] The isolation between terraced fields can be achieved by using field ridges or by adding isolation boards. This embodiment of the invention does not impose any restrictions on the isolation method.

[0087] The terraced fields are connected by water transmission equipment, which can be water pipes equipped with corresponding smart water valves. The water transmission equipment is opened and closed by controlling the opening and closing of the smart water valves. Since there are many impurities in the rice terraces, the inlet and outlet of the water transmission equipment can also be equipped with corresponding filters.

[0088] Among them, the water content information of terraced fields refers to the depth of surface water accumulation in the terraced fields during irrigation, which can be obtained through water level gauges in practical applications.

[0089] The pesticide residue information in water refers to the pesticide residue content in the surface water of terraced fields. Detection methods can include: sampling and sending the sample to a professional testing station; using rapid pesticide residue detection cards, such as adding water samples to the sample well or test strip and judging whether the color change exceeds a certain threshold (usually a national standard limit) based on the color change (compared to a control card); or using a portable pesticide residue detector, such as placing the treated water sample into the instrument's cuvette or reaction chamber, with the instrument automatically or manually reading the absorbance value and calculating the pesticide residue concentration or inhibition rate. This invention does not limit or elaborate on the detection methods for pesticide residue information in water.

[0090] In this embodiment of the invention, the terraced fields are classified into: water supply terraces, water demand terraces, and non-water supply and non-water demand terraces. The control unit is used to activate the water transmission equipment connecting the water supply terraces and the water demand terraces, and to deactivate the water transmission equipment connecting the water supply terraces with each other, the water supply terraces with the non-water supply and non-water demand terraces, the water demand terraces with each other, the water demand terraces with the non-water supply and non-water demand terraces, and the non-water supply and non-water demand terraces with each other.

[0091] Among them, water-supplying terraces refer to terraces that transport water to the lower terraces, water-demanding terraces refer to terraces that require water to be transported to them from the upper terraces, and non-water-supplying and non-water-demanding terraces refer to terraces that do not require water to be transported to the lower terraces or to the upper terraces. It should be noted that the category of terraces changes according to their state and is not constant. For example, if the water in a terrace is low, its category may change to water-demanding terrace. Or, if the pesticide residue content in the water of a terrace exceeds the standard, it may switch from water-supplying terrace to non-water-supplying and non-water-demanding terrace.

[0092] The control unit is connected to the smart water valve in the water transmission equipment and controls the opening and closing of the smart water valve, thereby realizing the connection of the water transmission equipment between the terraces. Each water transmission device has a corresponding number corresponding to the terrace, which makes it convenient for the control unit to accurately control the opening and closing of the corresponding water transmission device.

[0093] In this embodiment of the invention, classifying each terrace based on the detection results specifically includes:

[0094] First, assess the landslide risk of the terraced fields. If the landslide risk information of the terraced fields is high, then the terraced fields and the terraced fields adjacent to the terraced fields in the lower layer of the terraced fields are identified as water supply terraced fields.

[0095] If the landslide risk information of the terrace is low, then the water content information of the terrace is determined: if the water content information of the terrace is lower than the first water content threshold, then the terrace is determined to be a water-demanding terrace; if the water content information of the terrace is greater than or equal to the first water content threshold and less than the second water content threshold, then the terrace is determined to be a non-water-supplying and non-water-demanding terrace.

[0096] If the water content information of the terrace is greater than or equal to the second water content threshold, then the pesticide residue information in the water of the terrace is determined: if the pesticide residue information in the water of the terrace is less than the first pesticide residue threshold, then the terrace is determined to be a water supply terrace; if the pesticide residue information in the water of the terrace is greater than or equal to the first pesticide residue threshold, then the terrace is determined to be a non-water supply and non-water demand terrace.

[0097] The landslide risk of terraced fields can be monitored using the following methods:

[0098] Landslide risk in terraced fields can be monitored using surface displacement monitoring, such as GNSS displacement monitoring stations, which acquire real-time three-dimensional coordinate changes via BeiDou / GPS satellite signals. These stations are installed at terrace boundaries or around cracks and powered by solar energy. Alternatively, tilt displacement monitoring instruments can be used to monitor X / Y / Z axis tilt angles and relative displacement. Crack monitoring equipment, such as mechanical extensometers, can also be employed. Deep displacement monitoring of terraced fields is also possible, such as using inclinometers to drill into stable strata and measure the tilt at different depths to identify the location of the slip surface.

[0099] Based on the detection results and corresponding risk assessments, such as comparing the monitored displacement with a threshold displacement, the landslide risk of the terraced fields can be obtained. A corresponding threshold can be set to reflect the level of risk. The specific methods for setting the threshold and risk level are not detailed in this embodiment of the invention and can be adjusted according to actual needs. If the displacement is below the first displacement threshold, the landslide risk of the terraced fields is judged as low risk; if it is above the first displacement threshold, the landslide risk of the terraced fields is judged as high risk.

[0100] Wherein, the first water content threshold is less than the second water content threshold, and the values ​​of the first water content threshold, the second water content threshold, and the first pesticide residue threshold can be adjusted according to actual needs. This embodiment of the invention does not impose any corresponding limitations.

[0101] In this embodiment of the invention, the detection unit is further used to detect the water temperature in the water storage tank and obtain the water temperature detection result; the system also includes a heating unit, which is used to heat the water flowing out of the water storage tank; the control unit is further used to control the opening and closing of the heating unit based on the water temperature detection result.

[0102] The water temperature in the reservoir can be detected using a water temperature meter, electronic thermometer, or temperature sensor. Since the water in the reservoir flows out through water pipes, a section of the water pipe leading out of the reservoir is a heatable pipe, such as a pipe heater. The pipe heater is a tubular heating element, and its outer shell is part of the pipe (connected to the water pipes at both ends by flange or threaded connection). Water flows through the heating pipe and comes into direct contact with the heating element.

[0103] The control unit is also used to control the opening and closing of the heating unit based on the water temperature detection result. Specifically, if the detected water temperature is lower than 10 degrees, heating is performed; if it is higher than 10 degrees, heating is not performed. The specific temperature threshold for opening and closing the heating unit can be adjusted according to actual needs. This embodiment of the invention does not impose any corresponding limitations.

[0104] In this embodiment of the invention, the system further includes a drainage unit, which includes several drainage modules corresponding one-to-one with the terraces. The drainage modules are used to drain the water in the corresponding terraces to a drainage channel isolated from the terrace group. The control unit is also used to control the opening and closing of the drainage modules based on the detection results.

[0105] The drainage unit includes a drainage ditch built on one or both sides of the terraced field. One end of the drainage pipe in the drainage unit is connected to the terraced field, and the other end is connected to the drainage ditch. The drainage pipe is equipped with a smart water valve controlled by a control unit. Each drainage module includes at least one drainage pipe and one smart water valve. Other components such as filters may also be included as needed.

[0106] In this application, the intelligent water valve and control unit can be connected by wired or wireless means to transmit control signals. The intelligent water valve can have its own power supply or be connected to an external power supply. This embodiment of the invention does not impose any limitations on these aspects.

[0107] In this embodiment of the invention, the detection unit obtains pesticide residue information in the water of the terraced fields in the following way:

[0108] Obtain real-time monitoring images of the terraced fields;

[0109] The system identifies drone spraying behavior in real-time monitoring images to determine whether drone spraying behavior exists in the real-time monitoring images.

[0110] If drone spraying is detected in the real-time monitoring image, a connection is established with the first drone participating in the spraying to obtain the spraying information stored in the first drone.

[0111] Based on the application information, the sampling time and sampling frequency of the sample water corresponding to the terrace are obtained;

[0112] Water samples were obtained based on the sampling time and sampling frequency.

[0113] The sample water was tested for pesticide residues to obtain information on pesticide residues in the water of the terraced field.

[0114] Real-time monitoring images of the terraced fields can be obtained through monitoring equipment, such as surveillance cameras or surveillance video cameras. These cameras are installed on the hillside using appropriate equipment or brackets to collect images of the terraced fields, thus enabling real-time monitoring of the terraced fields.

[0115] The monitoring equipment is connected to an image processor or computer. The image processor or computer contains image processing software, modules, or models that can identify drone-based pesticide application behavior. The drone-based pesticide application behavior recognition model can be obtained by training existing target recognition models or AI models. The training method involves obtaining images of drone-based pesticide application behavior, labeling the drone-based pesticide application behavior, and then training the corresponding modules to obtain the drone-based pesticide application behavior recognition model. It should be noted that there is a difference between conventional drone flight behavior and drone-based pesticide application behavior. Although both belong to drone flight behavior, drone-based pesticide application behavior requires the spraying of pesticide to form a water mist below the drone. Therefore, there are two objects for labeling and recognition: one is the drone itself, and the other is the water mist area below the drone. Both targets need to be labeled during labeling, and both targets need to be identified during recognition to determine that it is drone-based pesticide application behavior. The specific target recognition model or AI model can use existing models. The improvement of this invention is that different images are used for training and different image labeling processing methods are used to accurately identify drone-based pesticide application behavior.

[0116] Before applying the pesticide, the first drone will store the pesticide application information in its storage device. The first drone has a built-in communication function, which can establish a communication connection with the device to obtain the pesticide application information stored in the first drone. The pesticide application information includes: drug name, dosage and application method.

[0117] The degradation rate of pesticides in water is typically measured by half-life (the time required for a 50% reduction in residue). Sampling time should cover the key stages of pesticide concentration change, generally including:

[0118] Phase 1: Peak period, time range: 0.5-6 hours after application; Phase 2: High residue period, time range: 1-3 days after application; Phase 3: Mid-degradation period, time range: 1-2 times the half-life, assessing the degradation trend; Phase 4: Safety period, time range: 3-5 times the half-life, confirming whether the residue has reached a safe level.

[0119] The half-life of each pesticide is determined by its name, dosage, and application method. To find the water half-life data for a pesticide, you can check the pesticide label or the environmental toxicology section of the instruction manual. Alternatively, you can obtain the data from pesticide application information databases such as the China Pesticide Information Network, FAO pesticide specifications, and the EPA ecotoxicology database.

[0120] The time calculation method used is as follows: the sampling time is calculated based on the half-life.

[0121] Recommended sampling time = DT × K; DT is the half-life, K is the stage setting value, peak period: K=0.1~0.5, high residue period: K=1~2, mid-degradation period: K=3~5, safety period: 6~8. The value of K in each stage can be adjusted according to actual needs. This embodiment of the invention does not impose specific limitations.

[0122] The sampling frequency is set according to actual needs and the availability of personnel and equipment; this embodiment of the invention does not impose any limitations on it.

[0123] The sampling time of the sample water corresponding to the terrace was obtained based on the application information and weather data.

[0124] The half-life calculation method described above is a theoretical calculation. In practical applications, the half-life is also affected by environmental factors. Therefore, corrections need to be added to the above calculation results to obtain an accurate half-life and thus accurately calculate the sampling time. Factors affecting the half-life include temperature and light intensity, both of which are related to weather data. Therefore, this invention accurately obtains the sampling time of the sample water corresponding to the terraced field based on the pesticide application information and weather data. Specifically, for every 10°C increase in temperature, the pesticide degradation rate doubles; at temperatures above 25°C, the half-life is shortened by 20% to 50%. Regarding light intensity, ultraviolet light promotes photolysis; compared to cloudy days, sunny days shorten the half-life by 50%, while cloudy days extend it by 20%. Therefore, the accurate sampling time is calculated as follows:

[0125] CT = DT × K × a × b; where CT is the sampling time, a is the temperature influence coefficient, and b is the light influence coefficient. The values ​​of a and b are adjusted according to the actual weather data. The specific conversion method can be adjusted according to actual needs. This embodiment of the invention does not make any elaboration or limitation. For example, the values ​​of a and b can also be obtained through experiments, such as by conducting degradation experiments on pesticides under different temperature and light conditions.

[0126] In this embodiment of the invention, the sample water is obtained in the following way:

[0127] The first image of the terraced field to be sampled is acquired, and the first image is analyzed to obtain several sampleable points in the first image;

[0128] Randomly select a preset number of sampleable points from a number of sampleable points as the determined sampling points;

[0129] The sampling path is planned and obtained based on the coordinate information of all determined sampling points;

[0130] The water sampling equipment collects samples at each designated sampling point according to the sampling path, and the samples corresponding to all designated sampling points are aggregated to obtain the sample water.

[0131] In order to ensure the representativeness and accuracy of the sampling, this invention improves the method of obtaining sampling points. First, a first image of the terraced field to be sampled is acquired. The first image can be obtained by drone aerial photography. Then, image processing software or corresponding model processing is used to obtain several sampleable points in the first image. The number of sampling points can be adjusted according to actual needs. This invention does not impose any restrictions. The coordinate information of the sampling points can be obtained by using the drone's flight data and image processing software. The sampling path can be obtained by connecting the coordinate information of multiple sampling points.

[0132] In this embodiment of the invention, the step of analyzing the first image to obtain several sampleable points in the first image specifically involves:

[0133] The sampleable area in the first image is obtained by analyzing the sampleable point recognition model; in the collection of pesticide residue water samples, avoiding field edges, water inlets, water outlets, and areas with dense / sparse aquatic plants is to ensure the representativeness of the sampling and the accuracy of the data, so as to obtain the sampleable area;

[0134] Several sampleable points are selected from the sampleable area; the number of sampled points can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the embodiments of the present invention do not impose specific limitations.

[0135] The method for obtaining the sampleable point recognition model is as follows:

[0136] Several images of rice-grown terraced fields were collected to obtain a second image set;

[0137] Each image in the second image set is labeled to identify the sampleable regions in the images, thus obtaining the training set.

[0138] The AI ​​recognition model is trained based on the training set to obtain a sampleable point recognition model. The AI ​​recognition model can be a commonly used target recognition model, classification model, or other intelligent model; this embodiment of the invention does not impose specific limitations.

[0139] In this embodiment of the invention, an automatic annotation module is used to automatically annotate each image in the second image set, marking the sampleable regions in the images, specifically including:

[0140] The automatic annotation module identifies the terraced field borders, rice paddies within the terraced fields, aquatic plants within the terraced fields, the inlets and outlets of the terraced fields in the image. The automatic annotation module may include a terraced field border recognition model, a rice paddy recognition model, an aquatic plant recognition model, an inlet recognition model, and an outlet recognition model, which respectively perform image recognition to obtain the terraced field borders, rice paddies within the terraced fields, aquatic plants within the terraced fields, the inlets and outlets of the terraced fields. These recognition models can be obtained through machine learning training using corresponding training images. The embodiments of this invention will not be described in detail.

[0141] The area within the terraced fields that is greater than a first preset distance from the edge of the terraced fields is designated as the first area; the first preset distance can be adjusted according to actual needs, such as 1 meter or 2 meters, etc.

[0142] Determine whether the first circular area with the water inlet of the terraced field as the center and the first area overlaps with the first area. If they do, remove the overlapping area from the first area to obtain the second area. If they do not overlap, obtain the second area directly based on the first area.

[0143] Determine whether the second circular area with a first fixed value as the center and the first area overlaps with the first area. If they do, remove the overlapping area from the first area to obtain the third area; otherwise, obtain the third area directly based on the first area. The size of the first fixed value can be adjusted according to actual needs, such as 1 meter or 2 meters.

[0144] The fourth region is obtained based on the overlapping area of ​​the second and third regions;

[0145] The fourth region is evenly divided into several sub-regions, and the aquatic plant coverage density of each sub-region is calculated. The method and size of the sub-regions can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the embodiments of the present invention do not impose specific limitations. The aquatic plant coverage density of each sub-region is calculated as follows: First, the aquatic plants in the sub-region can be identified through the model introduced above. Then, the coverage area of ​​the aquatic plants in the image is calculated. Then, the complete area size of the sub-region is calculated. The aquatic plant coverage density of the sub-region is obtained by dividing the coverage area size by the complete area size.

[0146] Sub-regions with aquatic plant cover density greater than a first density threshold and less than a second density threshold are designated as undetermined regions; the first and second density thresholds can be adjusted according to actual needs, and this embodiment of the invention does not impose any corresponding limitations.

[0147] Remove the areas covered by rice and aquatic plants from the area to be determined to obtain the sampleable area;

[0148] The sampleable area obtained by labeling.

[0149] When collecting water samples for pesticide residues, areas such as field edges, inlets, outlets, and areas with dense / sparse aquatic plants should be avoided. The specific reasons are as follows:

[0150] 1. Field edge area (near the field ridge);

[0151] Interfering factors:

[0152] Drift pollution: When applying pesticides, the amount of pesticide solution drifting at the field ridges can be 2-3 times that in the center of the field (wind erosion effect).

[0153] Soil adsorption: The soil at the edge of the field is more compacted due to frequent trampling, and its adsorption rate of pesticides is 15-30% higher than that in the center of the field, resulting in lower residual concentrations in the water.

[0154] Direct sunlight: Without crop shading, the water temperature is 3-5℃ higher than in the center of the field, which accelerates the photodegradation of pesticides (such as sulfonylurea herbicides, which have a 40% higher photodegradation rate).

[0155] as a result of:

[0156] Test results may be falsely high (drift) or falsely low (adsorption / degradation), and cannot represent the overall water quality of the field.

[0157] II. Water Inlet;

[0158] Interfering factors:

[0159] Dilution effect: The newly injected water flow reduces pesticide concentration to only 10-50% of the average field concentration.

[0160] Temperature stratification: Cold water sinks to form a low-temperature zone, which slows down the degradation rate of pesticides (e.g., organophosphates degrade 60% slower at 15℃ than at 25℃).

[0161] Sediment disturbance: Water flow impact causes bottom sediment to release adsorbed pesticides (especially organochlorines), resulting in a sudden increase in concentration.

[0162] as a result of:

[0163] The data is severely distorted and may underestimate the actual residual concentration (dilution) or be abnormally high (sediment release).

[0164] 3. Water outlet;

[0165] Interfering factors:

[0166] Pollutant enrichment: Pesticide particles discharged with the water flow accumulate here, and the concentration can be 2 to 8 times the average level of the field (especially fat-soluble pesticides such as pyrethroids).

[0167] Bioaccumulation effect: Filter-feeding organisms (such as snails) are commonly found at the water outlet, and their secretions adsorb pesticides to form colloidal clusters.

[0168] Oil film interference: Emulsifiable concentrate formulations of pesticides tend to form oil films on the water surface, which interfere with instrument detection (especially spectrophotometry).

[0169] as a result of:

[0170] The test results were significantly higher than the actual values, posing a great risk of being misjudged as exceeding the standard.

[0171] IV. Areas with dense aquatic plants;

[0172] Interfering factors:

[0173] Bioaccumulation: The concentration of pesticides adsorbed on the leaves of aquatic plants can be 50 to 200 times that of the water (e.g., the bioaccumulation coefficient of atrazine in submerged plants is 172).

[0174] Oxygen-deficient environment: Dissolved oxygen <2mg / L under dense aquatic plants inhibits the degradation of pesticides by aerobic microorganisms (e.g., the degradation rate of carbamates decreases by 70%).

[0175] Abnormal pH: Photosynthesis of aquatic plants raises the local pH to 8.5-9.2, accelerating alkaline hydrolysis (e.g., the hydrolysis rate of organic phosphorus at pH=9 is 100 times faster than at neutral).

[0176] as a result of:

[0177] The detected values ​​deviated significantly from the actual pesticide concentrations in open water bodies.

[0178] V. Areas with sparse aquatic plants;

[0179] Interfering factors:

[0180] Direct ultraviolet radiation: Without vegetation cover, the photolysis rate increases by 30-150% (e.g., fipronil's DT is shortened from 35 days to 12 days under light).

[0181] Sediment resuspension: Without root stabilization, bottom sediment is easily disturbed, releasing adsorbed pesticides.

[0182] Temperature fluctuations: The diurnal temperature range is 4-8℃ larger than that in vegetated areas, which affects the stability of pesticides (e.g., imidacloprid hydrolyzes 3 times faster at 35℃ than at 25℃).

[0183] as a result of:

[0184] The data cannot reflect the general environmental conditions of the fields, and in particular underestimates the residues of photosensitive pesticides.

[0185] Therefore, by excluding the aforementioned areas, this method can improve the accuracy of the sampled data.

[0186] The water sampling device in this invention is an automated, intelligent water sampling device, specifically comprising:

[0187] The second drone, controller, and water collector;

[0188] The water sampler is fixed to the second UAV and is used to sample water in the terraced fields to obtain sample water. The water sampler is connected to the fuselage or landing gear of the second UAV via a bracket, mounting frame, or other fixing or connection method. The sampling principle of the water sampling device is as follows: after the sampling path is determined, it is sent to the second UAV. The second UAV carries the water sampler and flies along the sampling path. When it flies above a sampling point, the second UAV switches to a hovering state. Then, the water sampler starts sampling under the control of the controller. After the sampling is complete, the water sampler is turned off. Then, the second UAV flies to the next sampling point to perform the same sampling operation. The control and flight of the UAV are existing technologies in the field of UAVs, and the embodiments of the present invention will not be described in detail.

[0189] The water collector includes a water pump, a pumping pipe, a water pipe, a water storage tank, and a water valve. The water storage tank is connected to the water pump via the water pipe, which is equipped with a water valve. A controller can control the opening and closing of the water pump and the water valve. The pumping pipe is connected to the water pump and is used to pump water from the terraced fields to the water storage tank for storage. The pumping pipe includes an electric telescopic pole and a flexible water pipe. One end of the flexible water pipe is connected to the outlet of the water pump, and the other end is fixed to the front end of the electric telescopic pole and connected to a filter port. A filter port is installed to reduce the influence and clogging of impurities. Since the samples are collected using a drone, during the collection process... The hose may sway, and if a single hose is used, the sampling end of the hose may shift, drift, or float due to swaying and wind, resulting in a deviation of the final sampling point and inaccurate sample collection. Therefore, this invention has made a design improvement, using an electric telescopic rod and a soft water hose in combination. When not collecting samples, the electric telescopic rod retracts, pulling the hose back to reduce interference with the drone's flight. When collecting samples, the hose extends, and by utilizing the accurate extension direction of the electric telescopic rod, the final sampling point of the hose is ensured to be the position of the electric telescopic rod's tip, achieving accurate positioning and sampling of the sampling point.

[0190] Please refer to the following: Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the water sampling equipment. Figure 2In this invention, 1 represents the fuselage of the second UAV, and 2 represents the landing gear connected to the fuselage. Preferably, the landing gear is higher or modified, such as by increasing its height, to raise the fuselage above the ground, providing more space for installing a water collector. A water storage tank 3 is fixed to the center of the bottom of the fuselage, and a water pump 4 is fixed to the water storage tank 3. One end of an electric telescopic rod 5 is fixedly connected to the water storage tank 3, and the other end extends downwards to connect to a filter port 6. Since the water pipe in this invention needs to extend and retract with the electric telescopic rod, the invention also includes a water pipe storage tank 7 for storing water. Water pipe 8 meets the storage and extension requirements of water pipe 8. The water pipe storage device can be a roller with a groove for embedding the water pipe. The roller can be connected to the body of the electric telescopic rod through corresponding fasteners, mounting parts or mounting shafts. When the electric telescopic rod extends, it can pull the water pipe out of the water pipe storage device. When the electric telescopic rod shortens, the water pipe retracts into the water pipe storage device. The water pipe storage device can be equipped with a corresponding return spring so that the water pipe can be automatically retracted after the electric telescopic rod is retracted. That is, a water pipe storage device with automatic retraction. This device is an existing device, and the embodiment of the present invention will not describe it in detail.

[0191] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0192] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A smart and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice cultivation based on photovoltaic and energy storage, characterized in that, The system includes: A photovoltaic unit is used to provide electrical energy to the system's electrical equipment based on photovoltaic power generation, as well as to store and manage the electrical energy; The water lifting unit is used to lift irrigation water from the water source to a reservoir at the top of the pre-designated hillside rice planting area; An irrigation unit is used to draw water from a reservoir to irrigate the terraced fields in a pre-designed hillside rice planting area. The pre-designed hillside rice planting area has several terraced layers distributed along the hillside height, and each terraced layer includes several isolated terraces. Each terrace is connected to each terrace in its adjacent upper terraced layer through an independent water transmission device. The detection unit is used to detect each terrace in the terraced field group, obtain information on water content, pesticide residues in the water and landslide risk of each terrace, and obtain detection results; The classification unit is used to classify each terrace based on the detection results and obtain the type classification result of each terrace; A control unit is used to control the opening and closing of water transmission equipment connected to each terrace based on the type classification result of each terrace. The terrace type classification results include: water supply terraces, water demand terraces, and non-water supply and non-water demand terraces. The control unit is used to open the water transmission equipment connecting water supply terraces and water demand terraces, and to close the water transmission equipment connecting water supply terraces with water supply terraces, water supply terraces with non-water supply and non-water demand terraces, water demand terraces with water demand terraces, water demand terraces with non-water supply and non-water demand terraces, and non-water supply and non-water demand terraces with non-water supply and non-water demand terraces. The classification of each terrace based on the detection results specifically includes: First, assess the landslide risk of the terraced fields. If the landslide risk information of the terraced fields is high, then determine that the terraced fields are water supply terraced fields, and the terraced fields adjacent to the terraced fields in the lower layer of the terraced fields are also water supply terraced fields. If the landslide risk information of the terrace is low, then the water content information of the terrace is determined: if the water content information of the terrace is lower than the first water content threshold, then the terrace is determined to be a water-demanding terrace; if the water content information of the terrace is greater than or equal to the first water content threshold and less than the second water content threshold, then the terrace is determined to be a non-water-supplying and non-water-demanding terrace. If the water content information of the terrace is greater than or equal to the second water content threshold, then the pesticide residue information in the water of the terrace is determined: if the pesticide residue information in the water of the terrace is less than the first pesticide residue threshold, then the terrace is determined to be a water supply terrace; if the pesticide residue information in the water of the terrace is greater than or equal to the first pesticide residue threshold, then the terrace is determined to be a non-water supply and non-water demand terrace.

2. The intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice cultivation based on photovoltaic and energy storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The detection unit is also used to detect the water temperature in the water storage tank and obtain the water temperature detection result; the system also includes a heating unit, which is used to heat the water flowing out of the water storage tank; the control unit is also used to control the opening and closing of the heating unit based on the water temperature detection result.

3. The intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice cultivation based on photovoltaic and energy storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a drainage unit, which comprises several drainage modules corresponding to the terraces. The drainage modules are used to drain water from the corresponding terraces to drainage channels isolated from the terrace group. The control unit is also used to control the opening and closing of the drainage modules based on the detection results.

4. The intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice cultivation based on photovoltaic and energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection unit obtains information on pesticide residues in the water of the terraced fields in the following way: Obtain real-time monitoring images of the terraced fields; The system identifies drone spraying behavior in real-time monitoring images to determine whether drone spraying behavior exists in the real-time monitoring images. If drone spraying is detected in the real-time monitoring image, a connection is established with the first drone participating in the spraying to obtain the spraying information stored in the first drone. Based on the application information, the sampling time of the sample water corresponding to the terrace is obtained; Water samples were obtained based on sampling time and sampling frequency. The sample water was tested for pesticide residues to obtain information on pesticide residues in the water of the terraced field.

5. The intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice cultivation based on photovoltaic and energy storage according to claim 4, characterized in that, The drug administration information includes: drug name, dosage, and administration method; The sampling time of the sample water corresponding to the terrace was obtained based on the application information and weather data.

6. The intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice cultivation based on photovoltaic and energy storage according to claim 4, characterized in that, The water sample was obtained in the following manner: The first image of the terraced field to be sampled is acquired, and the first image is analyzed to obtain several sampleable points in the first image; Randomly select a preset number of sampleable points from a number of sampleable points as the determined sampling points; The sampling path is planned and obtained based on the coordinate information of all determined sampling points; The water sampling equipment collects samples at each designated sampling point according to the sampling path, and the samples corresponding to all designated sampling points are aggregated to obtain the sample water.

7. The intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice cultivation based on photovoltaic and energy storage according to claim 6, characterized in that, The analysis of the first image to obtain several sampleable points in the first image specifically involves: The sampleable region in the first image is obtained by analyzing the sampleable point recognition model. Select several sampleable points from the sampleable region; The method for obtaining the sampleable point recognition model is as follows: Several images of rice-grown terraced fields were collected to obtain a second image set; Each image in the second image set is labeled to identify the sampleable regions in the images, thus obtaining the training set. Based on the training set, an AI recognition model is trained to obtain a sampleable point recognition model.

8. The intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice cultivation based on photovoltaic and energy storage according to claim 7, characterized in that, The automatic annotation module is used to automatically annotate each image in the second image set, marking the sampleable regions in the images, specifically including: The automatic annotation module identifies the terraced field borders, rice paddies, aquatic plants, water inlets, and water outlets in the images. The area within the terraced fields that is greater than a first preset distance from the edge of the terraced fields is defined as the first area; Determine whether the first circular area with the water inlet of the terraced field as the center and the first area overlaps with the first area. If they do, remove the overlapping area from the first area to obtain the second area. If they do not overlap, obtain the second area directly based on the first area. Determine whether the second circular region with a fixed radius centered at the outlet of the terraced field overlaps with the first region. If it does, remove the overlapping area from the first region to obtain the third region; otherwise, directly obtain the third region based on the first region. The fourth region is obtained based on the overlapping area of ​​the second and third regions; The fourth region is evenly divided into several sub-regions, and the aquatic plant cover density of each sub-region is calculated. Sub-regions with aquatic plant cover density greater than the first density threshold and less than the second density threshold are designated as undetermined regions. Remove the areas covered by rice and aquatic plants from the area to be determined to obtain the sampleable area; The sampleable area obtained by labeling.

Images