A method of enhancing the soil health function of a raised bed garden

Abstract

The application provides a method for improving the soil health function of a facility vegetable field, which improves the soil by ditching and laying a high-carbon isolation functional layer in the planting area of the facility vegetable field and then covering and flattening the soil, wherein the high-carbon isolation functional layer comprises, from bottom to top, a high-carbon stable layer, a storage and capacity-increasing layer and an adsorption and release layer. The high-carbon stable layer is a mixture of compacted long-acting carbon materials and skeleton support materials, the storage and capacity-increasing layer is a mixture of agricultural waste to which a microbial agent is applied and water-retaining materials, and the adsorption and release layer is a mixture of porous medium-acting carbon materials and natural mineral controlled-release fertilizers. The above method can solve the problems of soil acidification, hardening, salinization, accumulation of nitrate and organic pollutants and the like in the existing facility vegetable field, improve the soil micro-ecological environment, improve the soil quality, and ultimately realize the quality improvement, yield increase and healthy and sustainable development of the facility vegetable field, and has important significance for the development of the facility agriculture industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, and in particular to a method for improving the health function of soil in greenhouse vegetable fields. Background Technology

[0002] Facility agriculture, as an efficient, intensive, and sustainable agricultural production method, has developed rapidly since the 1980s. Compared with field agriculture, facility agriculture overcomes the uncertainty of traditional agriculture, which is "dependent on the weather," and achieves mechanization, automation, and intelligence in agricultural production through modern facilities and technologies, thus reducing the traditional agriculture's heavy dependence on arable land and water resources to a certain extent.

[0003] However, due to the long-term exposure of greenhouse soil to high temperature and humidity, lack of rainwater leaching, and poor aeration, coupled with frequent tillage, continuous cropping, and unreasonable irrigation and fertilization practices, a series of soil problems have emerged, including soil acidification, salt accumulation, and nutrient imbalance, severely hindering the development of the greenhouse vegetable industry. The main soil problems in greenhouse vegetable fields include the following aspects: First, soil acidification and a decrease in organic matter content; excessive application of urea, ammonium sulfate, high-nitrogen compound fertilizers containing nitrate nitrogen, as well as organic fertilizers such as pig manure and cow manure, has led to widespread soil acidification in greenhouses. The acidic environment reduces the stability of organic matter, accelerates its decomposition, and results in a decrease in organic matter content, exacerbated soil clayification, poor permeability, and altered physical properties.

[0004] Secondly, soil compaction and soil-borne diseases are exacerbated. With the extension of years of greenhouse cultivation, long-term, heavy irrigation raises the groundwater level. Coupled with frequent trampling during intensive management, the original soil aggregate structure is destroyed, leading to decreased aeration and permeability, and structural degradation. Currently, almost all greenhouse soils exhibit varying degrees of compaction. This deteriorating soil environment inhibits the growth of beneficial microorganisms, hinders the decomposition of harmful substances, and promotes the proliferation of pathogens, thus exacerbating soil-borne diseases.

[0005] Thirdly, there is the accumulation of soil nutrients and secondary salinization. During greenhouse vegetable cultivation, excessive application of chemical fertilizers results in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients not being fully absorbed by the crops and remaining in the soil in large quantities. This leads to low fertilizer utilization and continuous accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil, further exacerbating acidification. Simultaneously, the high temperature and humidity conditions inside greenhouses cause intense evaporation of soil moisture. Deep water rises continuously through capillary action, causing dissolved salts and nitrates to accumulate on the surface, promoting secondary salinization of the soil.

[0006] Fourth, the soil micro-ecological environment is unbalanced; long-term continuous cropping leads to the accumulation of autotoxic substances in the soil, the proliferation of harmful microorganisms, the inhibition of the growth of beneficial microorganisms, and the imbalance of the soil microbial community structure, which in turn reduces the efficiency of fertilizer decomposition and transformation, aggravates the spread of pathogens, and causes frequent soil diseases, resulting in slow fertilizer decomposition and transformation and the spread of soil pathogens and diseases.

[0007] Long-term continuous cropping leads to the gradual accumulation of autotoxic substances in the soil, the proliferation of harmful microorganisms, the suppression of beneficial microorganisms, and an imbalance in the soil microbial community structure. This, in turn, reduces the efficiency of fertilizer decomposition and transformation, exacerbates the spread of pathogens, and causes frequent soil diseases.

[0008] Fifth, there is an accumulation of organic pollutants. The plastic greenhouse films and mulches used extensively in facility vegetable production contain organic pollutants such as phthalates (PAEs) at levels as high as 20%–60%. Due to the long covering period and high temperature inside the greenhouse, PAEs are gradually released into the soil and air, easily absorbed by crops and accumulated in edible parts, thus bringing increasingly prominent agricultural product safety hazards and soil environmental pollution problems.

[0009] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0010] This invention provides a method for improving the health function of soil in greenhouse vegetable fields, which solves the problems of soil acidification, compaction, salinization, accumulation of nitrates and organic pollutants in existing greenhouse vegetable fields, improves the soil micro-ecological environment, enhances soil quality, and ultimately achieves the goals of increasing soil organic matter content, improving soil structure, reducing organic pollutants, and improving soil salinization in greenhouse vegetable fields.

[0011] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for improving the health function of soil in facility vegetable fields, specifically, by digging trenches in the planting area of ​​facility vegetable fields, laying a high-carbon isolation functional layer, and leveling the soil. The high-carbon isolation functional layer consists of a high-carbon stabilizing layer, a storage and capacity expansion layer, and an adsorption and release layer from bottom to top. The high-carbon stabilizing layer comprises compacted long-lasting carbon material and skeletal support material, the carbon content of the high-carbon stabilizing layer is not less than 60%, and the thickness of the high-carbon stabilizing layer is 4~6cm. The expansion and capacity enhancement layer includes agricultural waste and water-retaining materials, the carbon content of the expansion and capacity enhancement layer is not less than 40%, and the thickness of the expansion and capacity enhancement layer is 8-12cm. The adsorption and release layer comprises porous medium-efficiency carbon material and natural mineral slow-release fertilizer. The carbon content of the adsorption and release layer is not less than 40%, and the thickness of the adsorption and release layer is 4-6 cm.

[0012] This invention deploys a high-carbon isolation functional layer in the deep soil of facility vegetable fields, which combines functions of expanding storage capacity, adsorption and release, and seepage barrier and salt isolation. Its core physical structure includes an adsorption and release layer, an expansion and storage capacity layer, and a high-carbon stabilization layer. The adsorption and release layer uses porous carbon materials, which effectively intercept and adsorb water, nitrates, and organic pollutants leached from the soil into deeper layers due to their large specific surface area, porous structure, and high surface activity. The expansion and storage capacity layer is equipped with multi-source inorganic-organic carbon materials as carbon and energy sources for the co-metabolic activities of microbial agents. Through the metabolic action of microorganisms, the decomposition and transformation of these organic-inorganic carbon materials are promoted, accelerating the turnover of multi-source carbon materials in this layer into soil humus. At the same time, the heat released by the high-carbon materials during fermentation kills pathogenic microorganisms in the soil, improves the soil micro-ecological environment, and achieves the replenishment and quality improvement of soil organic carbon. The high-carbon stabilizing layer leverages its high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, high compactness, and high density to intercept the migration of moisture and organic-inorganic pollutants into deeper soil layers, and effectively prevents soil salts from migrating to the surface.

[0013] Preferably, the long-lasting carbon material in the above method is one or more of sawdust and biochar, the C:N ratio of the long-lasting carbon material is greater than 200, and the skeletal support material is one or more of bentonite and lime.

[0014] Preferably, in the above method, the volume ratio of long-lasting carbon material to skeleton support material in the high-carbon stabilizing layer is 7.5~8.5:1.

[0015] High carbon-to-nitrogen ratio materials decompose slowly, and the decomposition process requires the consumption of surrounding nitrogen. In the short term, they can absorb the excess nitrogen released by the decomposition of the expansion and storage layer, thereby reducing nitrogen loss in the form of ammonia or nitrate and improving nitrogen utilization efficiency. In the long term, such as after 5-8 years, they can be fully mixed with the soil by covering and tilling, which can improve the soil physical structure, release beneficial substances, and continuously promote the growth and development of greenhouse vegetables.

[0016] The volume ratio of the aforementioned long-lasting carbon material to the skeleton support material can ensure sufficient carbon source enrichment while using the skeleton material to fill pores, improve overall compaction and mechanical strength, effectively block the deep migration of moisture, organic pollutants and salts, and an excessively high proportion of carbon material will cause the high carbon stability layer to become structurally loose, while the appropriate introduction of the skeleton material can maintain good pore connectivity and slow-release effect of the functional layer.

[0017] Preferably, the agricultural waste in the above method is one or more of vegetable waste, straw, and manure, wherein the agricultural waste has a C:N ratio of 20 < 60, the water-retaining material is one or more of polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinyl alcohol, and the microbial agent is an organic material composting agent with Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as the main bacterial species, and the effective viable bacteria count is ≥ 100 million / ml.

[0018] The agricultural waste with a certain carbon-nitrogen ratio can serve as a carbon and energy source for the co-metabolic activities of microbial agents. Through the metabolic action of microorganisms, its decomposition and transformation are promoted, accelerating the turnover of multi-source carbon materials in this layer into soil humus. At the same time, the agricultural waste has a high decomposition and metabolic rate, and the heat released during fermentation can quickly disinfect pathogenic microorganisms in the soil, improve the soil micro-ecological environment, and achieve the replenishment and quality improvement of soil organic carbon.

[0019] Preferably, in the above method, the volume ratio of agricultural waste to water-retaining material in the expansion and capacity-enhancing layer is 8.5~9.5:1, and the spraying amount of the microbial agent is 5~10 L / mu.

[0020] Preferably, the porous medium-efficiency carbon material in the above method is one or more of well-rotted manure and low-temperature pyrolytic carbon, wherein the medium-efficiency carbon material has a C:N ratio of 80 < 200, and the natural mineral slow-release fertilizer is one or more of compound phosphate rock powder and high-temperature molten potassium feldspar.

[0021] The aforementioned porous medium-efficiency carbon materials have a large specific surface area, which can effectively intercept water leached downwards from the soil and nitrates and organic pollutants dissolved in it, reduce the rate of loss of related substances in the topsoil, and reduce the amount of water and fertilizer used.

[0022] Preferably, in the above method, the volume ratio of the porous medium-efficiency carbon material in the adsorption and release layer to the natural mineral slow-release fertilizer is 7~9:2.

[0023] Preferably, in the above method, the trench depth is 40-60cm and the trench width is 80-120cm.

[0024] Preferably, the above method includes the following steps: (1) Trenching in the planting area: In the greenhouse planting area, remove the topsoil, dig a trench to a depth of 40-60 cm, a trench width of 80-120 cm, and a trench length equal to the length of the planting bed; (2) Layout of high carbon stabilization layer: After uniformly mixing the long-lasting carbon material and the skeleton support material at a volume ratio of 7.5~8.5:1, spread it evenly in the soil layer in the trench and compact it to a thickness of 4~6cm; (3) Layout of storage and capacity expansion layer: After uniformly mixing the agricultural waste and the water-retaining material at a volume ratio of 8.5~9.5:1, spread it on the high carbon stabilizing layer with a thickness of 8~12cm, and spray the microbial agent at 5~10 L / mu.

[0025] (4) Adsorption and release layer layout: The porous medium-efficiency carbon material and the natural mineral slow-release fertilizer are mixed evenly at a volume ratio of 7~9:2 and then spread on the expansion and storage layer with a thickness of 4~6cm.

[0026] (5) Backfill and level the soil; backfill the soil to be level with the ground surface.

[0027] Preferably, the above method is carried out during the fallow period, and the plants are pulled out before the furrows are dug, and items such as mulch film, hanging ropes, and drip irrigation tapes are removed from the field.

[0028] Secondly, the present invention provides any of the following applications of the above method: (1) Improve soil acidification, compaction, and salinization in greenhouse vegetable fields; (2) Improve the accumulation of nitrates and organic pollutants in the soil of greenhouse vegetable fields; (3) Improve the micro-ecological environment of greenhouse vegetable fields and enhance soil quality; (4) Increase the organic matter content in the soil of greenhouse vegetable fields.

[0029] In the embodiments of the present invention, the above method can improve soil pH, reducing it from 7.45-7.81 to 6.83-7.02 compared to methods not used. It also significantly reduces the bulk density of soil layers at different depths, with a change rate between -8.16% and 1.92%. Furthermore, it significantly reduces soil electrical conductivity at different depths, with a change rate between -54.41% and -47.95%, nitrate nitrogen, and organic matter, while increasing by 46.47% to 195.03% and total nitrogen, respectively. This demonstrates that the three-layered high-carbon insulating functional layer can reduce soil bulk density, increase soil organic carbon and nitrogen content, and simultaneously reduce nitrate leaching, effectively controlling and suppressing salt production.

[0030] The beneficial effects provided by this invention include: 1. This invention utilizes agricultural waste such as vegetable waste and straw to replenish the organic carbon content of the deep soil in greenhouse vegetable fields. By adjusting the ratio and carbon form of organic materials in each layer, the conversion rate of organic materials into soil organic matter is controlled, thereby increasing the organic matter content of the deep soil in greenhouse vegetable fields.

[0031] 2. This invention physically adsorbs nitrates and organic pollutants in the soil, and then further converts them into humus through microbial carbon assimilation, replenishing the organic carbon in the deep soil. It also utilizes a constructed high-density barrier system to inhibit salt rise, thus achieving effective salt control. The various mechanisms work together to achieve microbial denitrification, reduction of organic pollutants, and salt control and inhibition functions in the 0-60 cm soil layer of the facility vegetable garden, ultimately achieving the goal of increasing soil organic matter.

[0032] 3. The high-carbon barrier constructed by this invention can function sustainably for 5 to 8 years, during which time it significantly improves soil quality. After its barrier capacity weakens, it can be fully mixed with the soil by covering and tilling, which can improve the soil physical structure, release beneficial substances, and continuously promote the growth and development of greenhouse vegetables. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with this invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0034] Experimental Example 1 This experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Nanjiao Farm New Village planting base in Yinghai Town, Daxing District, Beijing. The greenhouse is a typical cement column and steel frame structure, 60 m long and 8 m wide, with an actual planting area of ​​400 m². The climate at this experimental site is a warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate, characterized by windy and dry springs, hot and rainy summers (with most rainfall concentrated in July and August), and cold and dry autumns and winters with prevailing northwesterly winds. The average annual temperature is 12.0 ℃, and the average annual precipitation is 560 mm. The soil type, according to the Chinese soil classification, is brown soil. Analysis showed that the soil texture (0-20 cm) is silty loam, with sand, silt, and clay content of 27.1%, 57.8%, and 15.1%, respectively. The soil pH was 7.56, the electrical conductivity was 1508.00 μS / cm, and the soil bulk density was 1.32 g / cm³. 3 The soil organic matter content was 30.59 g / kg, available phosphorus content was 272.88 mg / kg, available potassium content was 581.50 mg / kg, total nitrogen content was 2.32 g / kg, ammonium nitrogen content was 2.57 mg / kg, and nitrate nitrogen content was 797.72 mg / kg.

[0035] After the tomato harvest at the end of June 2020, remove the plastic film, hanging ropes, drip irrigation tape, and other items from the field, and pull out the tomato plants. Use a trenching machine to remove the topsoil, dig trenches to a depth of 50 cm, a width of 3.5 m, and a length of 6 m. First, evenly mix corn cob biochar (75% carbon content, 1333 kg / mu) and bentonite (<1% carbon content, 1500 kg / mu) at a volume ratio of 8:2, then spread it evenly on a 45-50 cm soil layer and compact it. Next, mix wheat straw (47% carbon content, 15% moisture content) and fresh corn stalks (44% carbon content, 70% moisture content) at a 1:1 volume ratio, adding 5 kg / mu of polyacrylamide, and spread it evenly on a 35-45 cm soil layer, using 1361 kg / mu and 1824 kg / mu respectively. Then, evenly spray 5 L / mu of microbial inoculant (Heilongjiang Heiwotu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Microbial Fertilizer Approval No. 20186537) on the surface. Finally, mix 4266 kg / mu of well-rotted cow manure (45% carbon content) with 2052 g of phosphate rock powder (≈0% carbon content). Mix kg / mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) evenly by volume at a ratio of 8:2, and spread it on a 30-35 cm layer of soil. Finally, backfill the soil to level with the ground surface.

[0036] Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 were set up in adjacent greenhouses and adopted the same planting management measures, but the soil was not treated in any way, serving as a blank control.

[0037] Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 were set up in adjacent greenhouses, using the same planting and management measures, forming parallel experimental plots. The difference was that after deep trenches were dug in the soil inside the greenhouse, biochar (75% carbon content) at a rate of 1333 kg / mu and bentonite (<1% carbon content) at a rate of 1500 kg / mu were mixed evenly in a volume ratio of 8:2 and spread evenly in the 40-50 cm soil layer. Then, wheat straw (43% carbon content, 15% moisture content) was evenly scattered in the 40-50 cm soil layer at a rate of 2736 kg / mu. This was equivalent to only laying an uncompacted high-carbon stabilizing layer and a storage-enhancing layer, without an adsorption and release layer. The carbon content added in Comparative Example 2 was the same as that in Experimental Example 1. Finally, the soil was backfilled to be level with the ground surface.

[0038] Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 were set up in adjacent greenhouses and adopted the same planting and management measures, forming parallel experimental plots. The difference was that only fresh corn stalks were added to the material application, which is equivalent to only laying out the storage and capacity-enhancing layer, without the high-carbon stabilizing layer and the adsorption and release layer. Among them, the carbon content added in Comparative Example 3 was the same as that in Experimental Example 1. The specific method was as follows: fresh corn stalks (carbon content 40%, moisture content 70%) were spread evenly in the soil layer of 30-35 cm, at a rate of 16667 kg / mu; then, the soil was backfilled to be level with the ground surface.

[0039] Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 were set up in adjacent greenhouses and adopted the same planting and management measures, forming parallel experimental plots. The difference was that only biochar made from corn cobs was added to the material application, which is equivalent to only laying an adsorption and release layer, without the expansion and capacity enhancement and high carbon stabilization layer. The carbon content added in Comparative Example 4 was the same as that in Example 1. The specific method was as follows: the biochar was spread evenly in the soil layer of 40-50 cm in the trench, at a rate of 1333 kg / mu; then, the soil was backfilled to be level with the ground surface.

[0040] After four years of planting and management, at the end of June 2024, after the tomato harvest, soil samples were collected at depths of 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, and 50 cm in each experimental plot using a five-point method. The indicators characterizing soil quality, namely pH, bulk density, electrical conductivity, nitrate nitrogen, organic matter, and total nitrogen, were compared. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0041] As shown in Tables 1 and 2, compared with Comparative Example 1, the combination of a high-carbon stabilizing layer, a storage-enhancing layer, and an adsorption-release layer in Example 1 improved soil pH, reducing it from 7.45-7.81 to 6.83-7.02. It also significantly reduced the bulk density of soil at different depths, with a change rate ranging from -8.16% to 1.92%. Furthermore, Example 1 significantly reduced soil electrical conductivity and nitrate nitrogen at different depths and increased organic matter content. The change rate for electrical conductivity ranged from -54.41% to -47.95%, for nitrate nitrogen from -56.07% to -37.38%, for organic matter content from 46.47% to 195.03%, and for total nitrogen from 5.93% to 51.25%. This indicates that the three-layered high-carbon barrier can reduce soil bulk density, increase soil organic carbon and nitrogen content, and simultaneously reduce nitrate leaching in the soil, effectively controlling and suppressing salt production.

[0042] Compared to Comparative Example 1, the high-carbon stabilizing layer and the expansion and capacity-enhancing layer deployed in Comparative Example 2 reduced the soil pH from 7.45-7.79 to 6.94-7.33. Simultaneously, the soil bulk density changed by -10.80% to -1.57%, electrical conductivity changed by -72.44% to -47.92%, nitrate nitrogen changed by -47.35% to -27.72%, organic matter increased by 22.74% to 236.2%, and total nitrogen changed by -5.56% to 27.06%. Because no adsorption and release materials were added in Comparative Example 2, the increase in soil nutrients was smaller than in Example 1, and its salt-controlling and salt-preserving effects, as well as its nitrate interception and conversion effects, were slightly lower than in Example 1.

[0043] Compared to Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 3 only added fresh corn stalks. The soil pH decreased from 7.45–7.79 to 7.64–7.69, soil bulk density changed by -5.48%–6.61%, electrical conductivity changed by -38.31%–15.04%, nitrate nitrogen changed by -52.64%–19.96%, organic matter increased by 52.31%–201.59%, and total nitrogen increased by 5.07%–16.83%. This indicates that Comparative Example 3 slightly improved soil pH and bulk density, with only a minor change in electrical conductivity, a slight decrease in nitrate nitrogen content, and was comparable to Example 1 in terms of organic matter improvement.

[0044] Compared to Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 4, with the addition of biochar only, showed a decrease in soil pH from 7.45–7.79 to 7.42–7.58, a change in soil bulk density of -5.16%–1.52%, a change in electrical conductivity of -14.19%–19.36%, a change in nitrate nitrogen of -14.49%–32.56%, an increase in organic matter of 25.49%–98.16%, and a change in total nitrogen of -3.62%–7.09%. This indicates that Comparative Example 4 was less effective than Example 1 in improving soil quality and increasing nutrients. While the increase in organic matter was significant, it was slower than that of Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 3.

[0045] In summary, based on the above embodiments and comparative examples, it can be concluded that the method described in this invention can effectively increase soil organic matter content, reduce soil bulk density, reduce nitrate pollution, and prevent salt from migrating upwards.

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the health function of soil in greenhouse vegetable fields, characterized in that, In the greenhouse vegetable planting area, ditches were dug to lay a high-carbon isolation layer and the area was leveled. The high-carbon isolation functional layer consists of a high-carbon stabilizing layer, a storage and capacity expansion layer, and an adsorption and release layer from bottom to top. The high-carbon stabilizing layer comprises compacted long-lasting carbon material and skeletal support material, the carbon content of the high-carbon stabilizing layer is not less than 60%, and the thickness of the high-carbon stabilizing layer is 4~6cm. The expansion and capacity enhancement layer includes agricultural waste and water-retaining materials, the carbon content of the expansion and capacity enhancement layer is not less than 40%, and the thickness of the expansion and capacity enhancement layer is 8-12cm. The adsorption and release layer comprises porous medium-efficiency carbon material and natural mineral slow-release fertilizer. The carbon content of the adsorption and release layer is not less than 40%, and the thickness of the adsorption and release layer is 4-6 cm. The long-lasting carbon material is one or more of wood chips and biochar, and the C:N ratio of the long-lasting carbon material is greater than 200. The skeleton support material is one or more of bentonite and perlite. The agricultural waste is one or more of vegetable waste, straw, and manure, with a C:N ratio of 20 < C < 60. The water-retaining material is one or more of polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinyl alcohol. The expansion and capacity-enhancing layer is also sprayed with microbial agents, which are organic material composting agents with Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as the main microbial species, and have an effective viable count ≥ 100 million / ml. The porous medium-efficiency carbon material is one or more of well-rotted manure and low-temperature pyrolytic carbon, and the medium-efficiency carbon material has a ratio of 80 < C:N < 200. The natural mineral slow-release fertilizer is one or more of compound phosphate rock powder and high-temperature molten potassium feldspar.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The volume ratio of long-lasting carbon material to skeleton support material in the high-carbon stabilizing layer is 7.5~8.5:

1.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The volume ratio of agricultural waste to water-retaining material in the expansion and storage layer is 8.5~9.5:1, and the spraying amount of the microbial agent is 5~10 L / mu.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The volume ratio of the porous medium-efficiency carbon material to the natural mineral slow-release fertilizer in the adsorption and release layer is 7~9:

2.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, In the method described, the trench depth is 40-60cm and the trench width is 80-120cm.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Trenching in the planting area: In the greenhouse planting area, remove the topsoil, dig a trench to a depth of 40-60 cm, a trench width of 80-120 cm, and a trench length equal to the length of the planting bed; (2) Layout of high carbon stabilization layer: After uniformly mixing the long-lasting carbon material and the skeleton support material at a volume ratio of 7.5~8.5:1, spread it evenly in the soil layer in the trench and compact it to a thickness of 4~6cm; (3) Layout of expansion and capacity enhancement layer: After uniformly mixing the agricultural waste and the water-retaining material at a volume ratio of 8.5~9.5:1, spread it on the high carbon stabilizing layer with a thickness of 8~12cm, and spray the microbial agent at 5~10 L / mu; (4) Adsorption and release layer layout: The porous medium-efficiency carbon material and the natural mineral slow-release fertilizer are mixed evenly at a volume ratio of 7~9:2 and then spread on the expansion and storage layer with a thickness of 4~6cm. (5) Backfill and level the soil; backfill the soil to be level with the ground surface.

7. The application of the method according to any one of claims 1-6 in improving soil acidification, compaction, and salinization in greenhouse vegetable fields.

8. The application of the method according to any one of claims 1-6 in improving the accumulation of nitrates and organic pollutants in the soil of greenhouse vegetable fields.

9. The application of the method according to any one of claims 1-6 in improving the soil micro-ecological environment of greenhouse vegetable fields and enhancing soil quality.

10. The application of the method according to any one of claims 1-6 in increasing the organic matter content in the soil of greenhouse vegetable fields.

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