Circularly polarized antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a circularly polarized antenna, and relates to the technical field of antennas. The circularly polarized antenna comprises a dielectric layer, a radiation layer and a grounding layer which are respectively arranged at two sides of the dielectric layer, and a feeder line used for connecting the radiation layer and the grounding layer. The first radiation patch in the circularly polarized antenna can radiate vertical polarized waves, and the second radiation patch can radiate horizontal polarized waves. Because the radiation layer can generate two kinds of polarized waves, the circularly polarized antenna can enhance the overall radiation capability. Moreover, the circularly polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts the coaxial probe for central feeding, and has the advantages of simple structure, low profile, circular polarization, high efficiency and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a circularly polarized antenna. Background Art

[0002] Communication equipment generally includes an antenna, which can radiate guided waves in a feeder line into the external space in the form of electromagnetic waves, or receive electromagnetic waves from the external space and convert them into guided waves.

[0003] The antenna in the related art can only generate unidirectional polarized waves, and the antenna has poor radiation capability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a circularly polarized antenna that can solve the problem of poor radiation capability of antennas in related technologies. The technical solution is as follows:

[0005] In one aspect, a circularly polarized antenna is provided, comprising:

[0006] dielectric layer;

[0007] a radiation layer located on one side of the dielectric layer, the radiation layer comprising a first radiation patch and a second radiation patch; the first radiation patch comprising a radiation body, the radiation body comprising a first symmetry axis extending along a first direction and passing through the center of the radiation body, and a second symmetry axis extending along a second direction and passing through the center of the radiation body, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction; the second radiation patch comprising four first radiation portions located on the periphery of the first radiation patch, the first first radiation portion and the second first radiation portion being symmetrically arranged with respect to the first symmetry axis, the third first radiation portion and the fourth first radiation portion being symmetrically arranged with respect to the first symmetry axis, the first first radiation portion and the fourth first radiation portion being symmetrically arranged with respect to the second symmetry axis, and the second first radiation portion and the third first radiation portion being symmetrically arranged with respect to the second symmetry axis, the distance between the center of each first radiation portion and the first symmetry axis being equal to the distance between the center of the first radiation portion and the second symmetry axis; the first dimension of each first radiation portion in a direction pointing toward the center of the radiation body is greater than the second dimension of the first radiation portion in a direction perpendicular to the center of the radiation body;

[0008] a ground layer, the ground layer being located on a side of the dielectric layer away from the radiation layer;

[0009] and a feeding line, wherein the feeding line is located in the dielectric layer and is used to connect the center of the radiating body and the ground layer.

[0010] Optionally, the four first radiation portions include a first target first radiation portion, a second target first radiation portion, and a third target first radiation portion, the first target first radiation portion is any first radiation portion among the four first radiation portions, the second target first radiation portion is a first radiation portion symmetrically arranged with respect to the first target radiation portion with respect to the first symmetry axis, and the third target first radiation portion is a first radiation portion symmetrically arranged with respect to the first target radiation portion with respect to the second symmetry axis;

[0011] A first angle between a first line connecting the center of the first radiation portion of the first target and the center of the radiation body and a second line connecting the center of the first radiation portion of the second target and the center of the radiation body is the same as a second angle between a first line connecting the center of the first radiation portion of the first target and the center of the radiation body and a third line connecting the center of the first radiation portion of the third target and the center of the radiation body.

[0012] Optionally, the first symmetric axis and the second symmetric axis form a first axis angle, a second axis angle, a third axis angle, and a fourth axis angle, and the radiating body further includes two third axes passing through the center of the radiating body, a first third axis of the two third axes bisects the first axis angle and the third axis angle, and a second third axis bisects the second axis angle and the fourth axis angle, and the two third axes are perpendicular;

[0013] The orthographic projection of the first first radiating portion on the dielectric layer is symmetrically arranged with respect to the first third axis, the orthographic projection of the second first radiating portion on the dielectric layer is symmetrically arranged with respect to the second third axis, the orthographic projection of the third first radiating portion on the dielectric layer is symmetrically arranged with respect to the first third axis, and the orthographic projection of the fourth first radiating portion on the dielectric layer is symmetrically arranged with respect to the second third axis.

[0014] Optionally, a gap between a boundary of the first radiating portion close to the radiating body and the radiating body ranges from 0.06 to 0.01 free space wavelengths, where the free space wavelength refers to a wavelength of electromagnetic waves propagating in free space.

[0015] Optionally, a distance between the center of the first radiation portion and the center of the radiation body ranges from 0.2 to 0.4 free space wavelengths, where the free space wavelength refers to the wavelength of electromagnetic waves propagating in free space.

[0016] Optionally, the shape of the orthographic projection of the first radiating portion on the dielectric layer is a triangle;

[0017] Alternatively, the shape of the orthographic projection of the first radiating portion on the dielectric layer is a trapezoid;

[0018] Alternatively, the orthographic projection of the first radiating portion on the dielectric layer includes a first part and a second part, the first part is closer to the radiating body relative to the second part, the shape of the orthographic projection of the first part on the dielectric layer is a rectangle, the shape of the orthographic projection of the second part on the dielectric layer is a rectangle, and the width of the orthographic projection of the first part on the dielectric layer in the direction perpendicular to the center of the radiating body is greater than the width of the orthographic projection of the second part on the dielectric layer in the direction perpendicular to the center of the radiating body.

[0019] Optionally, when the shape of the orthographic projection of the first radiating portion on the dielectric layer is a triangle, the first radiating portion includes a base and two side edges, the base is closer to the radiating body than the two side edges, the length range of the orthographic projection of the base on the dielectric layer is 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna, and the length range of the orthographic projection of the side edges on the dielectric layer is 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.

[0020] Optionally, the first radiation patch further includes a second radiation portion and a third radiation portion;

[0021] The first end of the second radiating portion and the first end of the third radiating portion are located on the first side of the radiating body, the second end of the second radiating portion and the second end of the third radiating portion are located on the second side of the radiating body, and the first side and the second side of the radiating body are arranged along the first direction;

[0022] A first distance is formed between the first end of the first radiating portion and the first end of the second radiating portion in the second direction, and a second distance is formed between the second end of the first radiating portion and the second end of the second radiating portion in the second direction;

[0023] The second radiating portion and the third radiating portion are symmetrically arranged relative to the first symmetric axis. The second radiating portion is symmetrically arranged along the second symmetric axis, and the third radiating portion is symmetrically arranged along the second symmetric axis.

[0024] Optionally, a portion of the second radiating portion located between the first end and the second end is located on a third side of the radiating body, and a portion of the third radiating portion located between the first end and the second end is located on a fourth side of the radiating body;

[0025] The second radiation portion and the third radiation portion constitute a radiation ring portion located at the periphery of the radiation body. The radiation ring portion includes the first intervals and the second intervals arranged along the first direction. The first intervals and the second intervals are located in the area where the first symmetry axis m1 is located.

[0026] Optionally, the shape of the orthographic projection of the contour of the side of the radiation ring portion away from the radiation body on the dielectric layer, and the shape of the orthographic projection of the contour of the side of the radiation ring portion close to the radiation body on the dielectric layer, are both the same as the shape of the orthographic projection of the outer contour of the radiation body on the dielectric layer.

[0027] Optionally, the orthographic projection of the radiating body on the dielectric layer is a regular polygon, and the orthographic projection of the contour of the radiating ring portion away from the radiating body on the dielectric layer and the orthographic projection of the contour of the radiating ring portion close to the radiating body on the dielectric layer are also regular polygons.

[0028] Alternatively, the shape of the orthographic projection of the radiating body on the dielectric layer is a circle, and the shape of the orthographic projection of the outline of the side of the radiating ring portion away from the radiating body on the dielectric layer, and the shape of the orthographic projection of the outline of the side of the radiating ring portion close to the radiating body on the dielectric layer are also circles.

[0029] Optionally, when the shape of the orthographic projection of the radiating body on the dielectric layer is a square, and the shape of the orthographic projection of the contour of the side of the radiating ring portion away from the radiating body on the dielectric layer, and the shape of the orthographic projection of the contour of the side of the radiating ring portion close to the radiating body on the dielectric layer are squares, then:

[0030] The width of the orthographic projection of the radiating body on the dielectric layer is in the range of 1 / 2.5 to 1 / 2 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna;

[0031] The width of the orthographic projection of the radiation ring portion on the dielectric layer along the first direction ranges from 1 / 2 to 11 / 20 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna;

[0032] The distance between the orthographic projection of the radiating body on the dielectric layer and the orthographic projection of the radiating ring portion on the dielectric layer is in the range of 1 / 25 to 1 / 20 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna;

[0033] The first interval and the second interval range from 1 / 30 to 1 / 20 of a wavelength corresponding to a center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.

[0034] Optionally, when the shape of the orthographic projection of the contour of the side of the radiation ring portion away from the radiation body on the dielectric layer and the shape of the orthographic projection of the contour of the side of the radiation ring portion close to the radiation body on the dielectric layer are squares, then:

[0035] The distance between the orthographic projection of the first radiating portion on the dielectric layer and the orthographic projection of the radiating ring portion on the dielectric layer is in a range from 1 / 15 to 1 / 10 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by this application include at least:

[0037] The present application provides a circularly polarized antenna, which includes a dielectric layer, a radiating layer and a grounding layer respectively located on either side of the dielectric layer, and a feeder line for connecting the radiating layer and the grounding layer. The first radiating patch in the circularly polarized antenna can radiate vertically polarized waves, and the second radiating patch can radiate horizontally polarized waves. Because the radiating layer can generate two polarized waves, the circularly polarized antenna can enhance the overall radiation capability. In addition, the circularly polarized antenna in the embodiment of the present application is centrally fed with a coaxial probe, and has the advantages of simple structure, low profile, circular polarization, and high efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0039] Figure 1 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a circularly polarized antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 2 is a top view of a radiation layer provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 3 is a top view of another radiation layer provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 4 is a top view of another radiation layer provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 5 is a top view of another radiation layer provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 6 is a top view of another radiation layer provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 7 is a top view of another radiation layer provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 8 is a graph showing the relationship between reflection coefficient and operating frequency band provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the axial ratio and the operating frequency band provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 10 This is a curve diagram showing the relationship between radiation efficiency and operating frequency band provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of this application clearer, the implementation methods of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] In recent years, increasingly stringent communication demands have necessitated the use of circularly polarized antennas with various high-performance features. For example, in radio frequency communication systems, the use of circularly polarized antennas with high gain not only provides longer communication range but also overcomes issues such as multipath loss, insensitivity to device orientation, and interference. In indoor communication systems, circularly polarized antennas can achieve uniform signal coverage in all directions and, if they achieve high efficiency, provide users with stable communication connections. Therefore, research on high-performance circularly polarized microstrip antennas has broad application value.

[0051] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a circularly polarized antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 Circularly polarized antenna 100 includes a dielectric layer 101, a radiating layer 102, a ground layer 103, and a feeder line 104. The radiating layer 102 is located on one side of the dielectric layer 101, and the ground layer 103 is located on a side of the dielectric layer 101 away from the radiating layer 102. In other words, the radiating layer 102 and the ground layer 103 are located on opposite sides of the dielectric layer 101. The feeder line 104 is located within the dielectric layer 101 and is used to connect the radiating layer 102 and the ground layer 103.

[0052] Figure 2 This is a top view of a radiation layer provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 , the radiation layer 102 may include a first radiation patch 1021 and a second radiation patch 1022 .

[0053] The first radiation patch 1021 includes a radiation body 10211. The radiation body 10211 includes a first symmetry axis m1 extending along a first direction X and passing through the center of the radiation body 10211, and a second symmetry axis m2 extending along a second direction Y and passing through the center of the radiation body 10211. The second direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction X. Figure 1 Can be Figure 2 A cross-sectional view along the first symmetry axis m1 . The feed line 104 is used to connect the center of the radiating body 10211 and the ground layer 103 .

[0054] In the embodiment of the present application, the first radiation patch 1021 and the second radiation patch 1022 included in the radiation layer 102 are located in the same plane, the radiation body 10211 has a first symmetry axis m1 and a second symmetry axis m2, and the radiation layer 102 and the ground layer 103 are respectively arranged on both sides of the dielectric layer 101 in parallel. At the same time, the feed line 104 is connected to the center of the radiation body 10211, so that the coaxial probe feeding can form a vertical pure current (or equivalent magnetic current loop) at the center of the patch, directly exciting the TM 01 (or TM 10 ) main mode, the edge magnetic current of this mode is a unidirectional symmetrical ring, and its far-field vertical (Eθ) component is naturally dominant, thus realizing vertically polarized radiation.

[0055] In the embodiment of the present application, the second radiating patch 1022 includes four first radiating portions 10221 located around the first radiating patch 1021. The first first radiating portion 10221a and the second first radiating portion 10221b are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first symmetry axis m1, while the third first radiating portion 10221c and the fourth first radiating portion 10221d are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first symmetry axis m1. The first first radiating portion 10221a and the fourth first radiating portion 10221d are symmetrically arranged with respect to the second symmetry axis m2, while the second first radiating portion 10221b and the third first radiating portion 10221c are symmetrically arranged with respect to the second symmetry axis m2.

[0056] exist Figure 2 In the illustrated radiation layer 102, the first direction X may refer to the vertical direction, and the second direction Y may refer to the horizontal direction. The first symmetry axis m1 and the second symmetry axis m2 may divide the radiation layer 102 into four regions: the upper left region, the upper right region, the lower left region, and the lower right region. The first first radiating portion 10221a may be located in the upper right region, the second first radiating portion 10221b may be located in the upper left region, the third first radiating portion 10221c may be located in the lower left region, and the fourth first radiating portion 10221d may be located in the lower right region.

[0057] The distance between the center of each first radiating portion 10221 and the first symmetry axis m1 is equal to the distance between the center of the first radiating portion and the second symmetry axis m2. Figure 2 The distance d1 between the center of the first first radiation portion 10221a and the first symmetry axis m1 is equal to the distance d2 between the center of the first first radiation portion 10221a and the second symmetry axis m2.

[0058] In the embodiment of the present application, the four first radiating portions 10221 can be four parasitic patches and used as four horizontal current arms. By symmetrically arranging the first radiating portions 10221 and setting the distances between the first radiating portions 10221 and the two symmetry axes (m1 and m2), the centers of the first radiating portions 10221 can be evenly arranged around the radiating body 10 and at equal distances from the center of the radiating body. This allows the second radiating patches 1022 to form a uniform closed loop current, preventing current cancellation in the far field and ensuring that the second radiating patches 1022 can radiate horizontally polarized waves.

[0059] Optionally, the first dimension d3 of each first radiating portion 10221, in a direction pointing toward the center of the radiating body 10211, is greater than the second dimension d4 of the first radiating portion 10221 in a direction perpendicular to the center of the radiating body 10211. In other words, the long axis of the first radiating portion 10221 is radially oriented toward the center of the radiating body 10211. This allows the induced current to flow in the same direction along the circumference, forming a net horizontally polarized magnetic moment. However, if the long axis of the first radiating portion 10221 is arranged tangentially, the currents in adjacent arms will be in opposite directions, and the magnetic moments will cancel each other out, affecting the generated horizontally polarized wave.

[0060] Optionally, the dielectric layer 101 may have a connection hole, and the feed line 104 may be located within the connection hole. The radiating element 10211 in the first radiating patch 1021 is connected to the ground layer 103 via the feed line 104 located within the connection hole. For example, the connection hole may be located at the center of the orthographic projection of the radiating element 10211 on the dielectric layer 101. This allows the feed line 104 to connect to the center of the radiating element 10211, enabling coaxial probe feeding of the circularly polarized antenna.

[0061] In an embodiment of the present application, the circularly polarized antenna is fed by a coaxial probe (feeding line 104). The center feeding method of the coaxial probe can excite the first radiating patch 1021 so that the first radiating patch 1021 can radiate vertically polarized waves. In addition, the second radiating patch 1022 can be excited so that the second radiating patch 1022 can radiate horizontally polarized waves. Since the radiation layer 102 can generate two polarized waves, the circularly polarized antenna can enhance the overall radiation capability. Among them, there can be a 90-degree phase difference between the vertically polarized wave generated by the first radiating patch 1021 and the horizontally polarized wave generated by the second radiating patch 1022. As a result, the circularly polarized antenna in the embodiment of the present application can achieve high-efficiency circularly polarized radiation. In addition, the circularly polarized antenna is center-fed with a coaxial probe, and has the advantages of simple structure, low profile, circular polarization and high efficiency, and is suitable for indoor communication systems with full coverage of short-range signals.

[0062] In summary, an embodiment of the present application provides a circularly polarized antenna, which includes a dielectric layer, a radiating layer and a grounding layer respectively located on both sides of the dielectric layer, and a feeder line for connecting the radiating layer and the grounding layer. The first radiating patch in the circularly polarized antenna can radiate vertically polarized waves, and the second radiating patch can radiate horizontally polarized waves. Since the radiating layer can generate two polarized waves, the circularly polarized antenna can enhance the overall radiation capability. In addition, the circularly polarized antenna in the embodiment of the present application is centrally fed with a coaxial probe, and has the advantages of simple structure, low profile, circular polarization and high efficiency.

[0063] refer to Figure 1 The circularly polarized antenna 100 may further include an antenna interface 105 located on a side of the ground layer 103 away from the dielectric layer 101 . The antenna interface 105 may be connected to the feeder 104 .

[0064] In the embodiment of the present application, the four first radiating portions 10221 include a first target first radiating portion, a second target first radiating portion, and a third target first radiating portion. The first target first radiating portion is any one of the four first radiating portions. The second target first radiating portion is a first radiating portion symmetrically arranged with respect to the first target radiating portion with respect to the first symmetry axis m1, and the third target first radiating portion is a first radiating portion symmetrically arranged with respect to the first target radiating portion with respect to the second symmetry axis m2. Assume that the first first radiating portion 10221a is the first target first radiating portion as an example. Correspondingly, the second target first radiating portion is the second first radiating portion 10221b, and the third target first radiating portion is the fourth first radiating portion 10221d.

[0065] Among them, the first angle between the first line connecting the center of the first radiation part of the first target and the center of the radiation body 10211 and the second line connecting the center of the first radiation part of the second target and the center of the radiation body 10211 is the same as the second angle between the first line connecting the center of the first radiation part of the first target and the center of the radiation body 10211 and the third line connecting the center of the first radiation part of the third target and the center of the radiation body 10211.

[0066] That is, the angles between the lines connecting the centers of any two symmetrically arranged first radiating portions 10221 and the center of the radiating body 10211 are the same. Assuming the line connecting the center of one first radiating portion 10221 and the center of the radiating body 10211 in the first radiating patch 1021 is used as a reference line, the angle between the line connecting the center of this first radiating portion 10221 and the center of the radiating body 10211 in the first radiating patch 1021 and the reference line is 0 degrees. The angles between the lines connecting the centers of the other three first radiating portions 10221 and the center of the radiating body 1021 in the first radiating patch 1021 and the reference line are 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees, respectively. In other words, the four first radiating portions 10221 can be arranged rotationally symmetrically with respect to each other. This ensures that the second radiating patch 1022 forms a uniform closed loop current, preventing current cancellation in the far field and ensuring that the second radiating patch 1022 radiates horizontally polarized waves.

[0067] In the embodiment of the present application, the first symmetry axis m1 and the second symmetry axis m2 constitute a first axis angle, a second axis angle, a third axis angle and a fourth axis angle. Figure 2 The radiation body 10211 also includes two third axes m3 passing through the center of the radiation body 10211. The first third axis m3-1 of the two third axes m3 bisects the angle between the first axis and the angle between the third axis, and the second third axis m3-2 bisects the angle between the second axis and the angle between the fourth axis, and the two third axes m3 are perpendicular.

[0068] Optionally, the first axis of symmetry m1 and the second axis of symmetry m2 can divide the radiation layer 102 into four regions, which can be an upper left region, an upper right region, a lower left region, and a lower right region, respectively. A first third axis m3-1 of the two third axes m3 can pass through the intersection of the first axis of symmetry m1 and the second axis of symmetry m2 and be located in the upper right region and the lower left region, while a second third axis m3-2 can pass through the intersection of the first axis of symmetry m1 and the second axis of symmetry m2 and be located in the upper left region and the lower right region.

[0069] Optionally, among the four first radiating portions 10221, the first first radiating portion 10221a may be located in the upper right region, the second first radiating portion 10221b may be located in the lower left region, the third first radiating portion 10221c may be located in the upper left region, and the fourth first radiating portion 10221d may be located in the lower right region. The orthographic projection of the first first radiating portion 10221a on the dielectric layer 101 is symmetrically arranged with respect to the first third axis m3-1, the orthographic projection of the second first radiating portion 10221b on the dielectric layer 101 is symmetrically arranged with respect to the first third axis m3-1, the orthographic projection of the third first radiating portion 10221c on the dielectric layer 101 is symmetrically arranged with respect to the second third axis m3-2, and the orthographic projection of the fourth first radiating portion 10221d on the dielectric layer 101 is symmetrically arranged with respect to the third axis m3.

[0070] In the embodiment of the present application, the spacing between the boundary of the first radiating portion 10221 close to the radiating body 10211 and the radiating body 10211 ranges from 0.06 to 0.01 free-space wavelengths. A free-space wavelength refers to the wavelength of electromagnetic waves propagating in free space. The spacing between the boundary of the first radiating portion 10221 close to the radiating body 10211 and the radiating body 10211 should not be too small, otherwise it will cause over-coupling between the first radiating portion 10221 and the radiating body 10211, thereby causing a main mode frequency shift. Furthermore, the spacing between the boundary of the first radiating portion 10221 close to the radiating body and the radiating body 10211 should not be too large, otherwise it will cause insufficient coupling between the first radiating portion 10221 and the radiating body 10211, thereby affecting the horizontal component of the horizontally polarized wave.

[0071] Optionally, the distance between the center of the first radiating portion 10221 and the center of the radiating body 10211 ranges from 0.2 to 0.4 free-space wavelengths. This distance determines the effective area of ​​the horizontal magnetic flux loop. If the distance is too small, it will be difficult to arrange the second radiating portion 10212 and the third radiating portion 10213 in the first radiating patch 1021.

[0072] In the examples of this application, refer to Figure 2The first radiating patch 1021 further includes a second radiating portion 10212 and a third radiating portion 10213. The first end of the second radiating portion 10212 and the first end of the third radiating portion 10213 are located on a first side of the radiating body 10211, and the second end of the second radiating portion 10212 and the second end of the third radiating portion 10213 are located on a second side of the radiating body 10211. The first and second sides of the radiating body 10211 are arranged along a first direction X. A first interval J1 is defined between the first end of the second radiating portion 10212 and the first end of the third radiating portion 10213 in the second direction Y, and a second interval J2 is defined between the second end of the second radiating portion 10212 and the second end of the third radiating portion 10213 in the second direction Y.

[0073] In the embodiment of the present application, the second radiating portion 10212 and the third radiating portion 10213 are symmetrically arranged along the first symmetry axis m1, the second radiating portion 10212 is symmetrically arranged along the second symmetry axis m2, and the third radiating portion 10213 is also symmetrically arranged along the second direction Y.

[0074] refer to Figure 2 The portion of the second radiating portion 10212 between the first end and the second end is located on the third side of the radiating body 10211. The portion of the second radiating portion 10212 between the first end and the second end may refer to the middle portion of the second radiating portion 10212. The second radiating portion 10212 may be located on the first side, the third side, and the second side of the radiating body 10211, respectively, and may be a strip-shaped portion.

[0075] The portion of the third radiating portion 10213 between the first end and the second end is located on the fourth side of the radiating body 10211. The portion of the third radiating portion 10213 between the first end and the second end may refer to the middle portion of the third radiating portion 10213. The third radiating portion 10213 may be located on the first side, the fourth side, and the second side of the radiating body 10211, respectively, and may be a strip-shaped portion.

[0076] Optional, for Figure 2 With respect to the direction of the radiation layer 102 shown in FIG, the third side of the radiation body 10211 may be the left side, and the fourth side may be the right side.

[0077] refer to Figure 2The second radiating portion 10212 and the third radiating portion 10213 may form a radiating ring portion H located around the radiating body 10211. The radiating ring portion H includes first and second intervals J1 and J2 arranged along the first direction X. The first intervals J1 and J2 are located on the first and second sides of the radiating body 10211, respectively, and are located in the region of the first symmetry axis m1. In other words, the radiating ring portion H may be a ring-shaped structure with two openings.

[0078] Optionally, the shape of the orthographic projection of the radiation ring portion H on the dielectric layer 101 matches the shape of the orthographic projection of the radiation body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101. For example, the shape of the orthographic projection of the contour of the radiation ring portion H away from the radiation body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101, and the shape of the orthographic projection of the contour of the radiation ring portion H close to the radiation body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101, are both the same as the shape of the orthographic projection of the outer contour of the radiation body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101.

[0079] Optionally, the orthographic projection of the radiating body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101 is a regular polygon. Accordingly, the orthographic projection of the contour of the side of the radiating ring portion H away from the radiating body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101 and the orthographic projection of the contour of the side of the radiating ring portion H close to the radiating body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101 are also regular polygons.

[0080] Example, reference Figure 2 The orthographic projection of the radiating body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101 is a square. Accordingly, the orthographic projection of the side of the radiating ring portion H away from the radiating body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101 and the orthographic projection of the side of the radiating ring portion H close to the radiating body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101 are also squares.

[0081] When the shape of the positive projection of the radiation body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101 is a square, the four first radiation portions 10221 in the second radiation patch 1022 are arranged at the four corner edges of the square radiation body 10211. This is because the electric field strength at the four corner edges of the square radiation body 10211 is relatively high, which makes it easy for the second radiation patch 1022 to excite a relatively strong horizontal circular current to generate a horizontal polarized wave.

[0082] refer to Figure 3The orthographic projection of the radiating body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101 is a regular hexagon. Accordingly, the orthographic projection of the side of the radiating ring portion H away from the radiating body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101 and the orthographic projection of the side of the radiating ring portion H close to the radiating body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101 are also regular hexagonal.

[0083] Compared to a square radiator 10211, the regular hexagonal radiator 10211 has a more gradual change in edge angle. This allows current to flow more smoothly across the surface of the radiator 10211. This characteristic allows frequencies near the center frequency to better meet resonance requirements, thereby relatively widening the bandwidth. Furthermore, the circularly polarized antenna formed by the regular hexagonal radiator 10211 has more concentrated energy radiation, providing greater design flexibility, particularly when adjusting the radiation pattern and impedance matching.

[0084] Optional, reference Figure 4 The orthographic projection of the radiating body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101 is circular. Accordingly, the orthographic projection of the side of the radiating ring portion H away from the radiating body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101 and the orthographic projection of the side of the radiating ring portion H close to the radiating body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101 are also circular.

[0085] The circular radiating body 10211 has good omnidirectional radiation characteristics and is suitable for wireless communication scenarios requiring uniform coverage. Generally, the circularly polarized antenna formed by the circular radiating body 10211 is smaller than the circularly polarized antenna formed by the square radiating body 10211, making the circularly polarized antenna formed by the circular radiating body 10211 easier to use in scenarios with limited space. Furthermore, the circular radiating body 10211 has a relatively regular geometric shape, requiring fewer parameters for calculation and debugging. Therefore, the design of the circularly polarized antenna formed by the circular radiating body 10211 is relatively simple.

[0086] In the embodiment of the present application, the shape of the orthographic projection of the radiating body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101 may also be a regular pentagon, a regular heptagon, a regular octagon, etc. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the shape of the radiating body 10211.

[0087] refer to Figure 2 The second radiation patch 1022 includes four first radiation portions 10221. The first radiation portion 10221 includes multiple corners. The multiple corners of the first radiation portion 10221 may indicate that the first radiation portion 10221 is not a smoothly transitioned shape but may be a polygon.

[0088] Optional, reference Figures 2 to 4 The orthographic projection of the first radiating portion 10221 on the dielectric layer 101 is a triangle. In this case, the first radiating portion 10221 may include three corners. The triangle may include a base and two sides. The base of the triangle may be perpendicularly bisected by the third axis m3, the two sides may be located on either side of the third axis m3, and the angle formed by the corner formed by the two sides may also be bisected by the third axis m3. For example, the orthographic projection of the first radiating portion 10221 on the dielectric layer 101 may be an isosceles triangle that is symmetrical with respect to the third axis m3.

[0089] Optional, reference Figure 5 When the orthographic projection of the first radiating portion 10221 on the dielectric layer 101 is triangular, the length D1 of the orthographic projection of the base of the first radiating portion 10221 on the dielectric layer 101 ranges from 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna. The length D2 of the orthographic projection of the side of the first radiating portion 10221 on the dielectric layer 101 ranges from 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.

[0090] Optionally, when the shape of the orthographic projection of the contour of the side of the radiation ring portion H away from the radiation body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101 and the shape of the orthographic projection of the contour of the side of the radiation ring portion H close to the radiation body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101 are squares, then:

[0091] The width L1 of the orthographic projection of the radiating body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101 may be in the range of 1 / 2.5 to 1 / 2 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.

[0092] The width L2 of the orthographic projection of the radiation loop portion H on the dielectric layer 101 along the first direction X ranges from 1 / 2 to 11 / 20 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the source polarized antenna.

[0093] The distance w1 between the orthographic projection of the radiation body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101 and the orthographic projection of the radiation ring portion H on the dielectric layer 101 ranges from 1 / 25 to 1 / 20 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.

[0094] The width w2 of the first interval J1 and the second interval J2 ranges from 1 / 30 to 1 / 20 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.

[0095] When the shape of the orthographic projection of the radiation ring portion H on the radiation body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101 is a square, and the shape of the orthographic projection of the outline of the side of the radiation ring portion H away from the radiation body 10211 on the dielectric layer 101 is a square, the distance s1 between the orthographic projection of the first radiation portion 10221 on the dielectric layer 101 and the orthographic projection of the radiation ring portion H on the dielectric layer 101 is in the range of 1 / 15 to 1 / 10 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.

[0096] refer to Figure 6 The orthographic projection of the first radiating portion 10221 on the dielectric layer 101 is a trapezoid. In this case, the first radiating portion 10221 may include four corners. The trapezoid may include two bases and two side edges located between the two bases. The two bases of the trapezoid are unequal in length, with the longer base being closer to the radiating body 10211 than the shorter base. Both bases of the trapezoid can be perpendicularly bisected by the third axis m3, and the two side edges can be located on either side of the third axis m3. For example, the orthographic projection of the first radiating portion 10221 on the dielectric layer 101 may be an isosceles trapezoid that is symmetrical with respect to the third axis m3.

[0097] The length and height of the two bases of the trapezoidal first radiating portion 10221 can be independently varied, thereby making the design of the trapezoidal first radiating portion 10221 more flexible, thereby optimizing the radiation pattern. Furthermore, the trapezoidal first radiating portion 10221 can better adapt to space constraints and can be more easily integrated into a system.

[0098] refer to Figure 7 The orthographic projection of the first radiating portion 10221 on the dielectric layer 101 includes a first portion a1 and a second portion a2. The first portion a1 is closer to the radiating body 10211 than the second portion a2. The orthographic projection of the first portion a1 on the dielectric layer 101 is rectangular, and the orthographic projection of the second portion a2 on the dielectric layer 101 is also rectangular. The width of the orthographic projection of the first portion a1 on the dielectric layer 101 in a direction perpendicular to the third axis m3 is greater than the width of the orthographic projection of the second portion a2 on the dielectric layer 101 in a direction perpendicular to the third axis m3. In other words, the first radiating portion 10221 can be a rectangular radiating portion with branches. In this case, the first radiating portion 10221 can include eight corners.

[0099] Optionally, the first portion a1 may include four sequentially connected sides, two of which may be perpendicularly bisected by the third axis m3, and the other two sides may be located on either side of the third axis m3. The second portion a2 may include four sequentially connected sides, two of which may be perpendicularly bisected by the third axis m3, and the other two sides may be located on either side of the third axis m3.

[0100] The first radiating element 10221 is designed as a rectangular radiating element with branches. By properly designing the branches, the rectangular radiating element can achieve high gain and good directivity, making it suitable for applications requiring high gain. Furthermore, rectangular radiating elements with branches are generally capable of handling higher power and, due to their optimized design, have relatively low losses. Furthermore, rectangular radiating elements with branches can generally significantly expand the antenna's bandwidth.

[0101] In the embodiment of the present application, the material of the dielectric layer 101 can be a commonly used printed circuit board (PCB) insulating material such as polytetrafluoroethylene glass fiber laminate, phenolic paper laminate, phenolic glass cloth laminate, etc., or it can be a hard material with low microwave loss such as quartz and glass, or it can be a flexible material.

[0102] The material of the radiation layer 102 can be a low-resistance and low-loss metal such as copper, gold, or silver, and can be prepared by methods such as magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, and electroplating. Different methods can be used to prepare the metal depending on the thickness of the radiation layer 102. Optionally, the radiation layer 102 can have a thickness of 2 μm (micrometers) and can be prepared by methods such as magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, and electroplating.

[0103] Alternatively, the skin effect is that when the signal frequency is very high, the current prefers to flow along the surface of the radiating layer 102 rather than uniformly passing through the entire material. Therefore, to ensure the transmission of current, the thickness of the radiating layer 102 can be made greater than the skin depth of the circularly polarized antenna. The skin depth of the circularly polarized antenna satisfies:

[0104]

[0105] Where ω is the angular frequency, μ is the magnetic permeability, and γ is the electrical conductivity.

[0106] In the embodiment of the present application, the radiation layer 102 is Figure 2 Taking the structure shown in the figure as an example, the reflection coefficient, axial ratio and radiation efficiency of the circularly polarized antenna are tested.

[0107] refer to Figure 8 The circularly polarized antenna has a reflection coefficient of less than -10dB in the operating frequency band of 11GHz to 13GHz. This means that the circularly polarized antenna has good impedance matching in the operating frequency band of 11GHz to 13GHz and has a wide operating bandwidth.

[0108] refer to Figure 9The circularly polarized antenna has an axial ratio less than 3dB in an operating frequency band ranging from 11 GHz to 13 GHz, and has circularly polarized radiation characteristics.

[0109] refer to Figure 10 When the circularly polarized antenna operates in a frequency band ranging from 11 GHz to 13 GHz, the radiation efficiency of the circularly polarized antenna remains above 95%, that is, the circularly polarized antenna can be a high-efficiency antenna.

[0110] In summary, an embodiment of the present application provides a circularly polarized antenna, which includes a dielectric layer, a radiating layer and a grounding layer respectively located on both sides of the dielectric layer, and a feeder line for connecting the radiating layer and the grounding layer. The first radiating patch in the circularly polarized antenna can radiate vertically polarized waves, and the second radiating patch can radiate horizontally polarized waves. Since the radiating layer can generate two polarized waves, the circularly polarized antenna can enhance the overall radiation capability. In addition, the circularly polarized antenna in the embodiment of the present application is centrally fed with a coaxial probe, and has the advantages of simple structure, low profile, circular polarization and high efficiency.

[0111] The terms used in the embodiments of this application are only used to explain the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this application should have the common meaning understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which this application belongs.

[0112] The terms used in the embodiments of this application are intended solely to illustrate the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this application should have the same ordinary meaning as those understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terms "first," "second," "third," and similar terms used in this patent specification and claims do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but are simply used to distinguish between different components. Similarly, terms such as "a" or "an" do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one. Terms such as "include" or "comprising" and similar terms mean that the elements or objects listed before "include" or "comprising" include the elements or objects listed after "include" or "comprising," and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used solely to indicate relative positions. When the absolute position of the described objects changes, the relative positions may also change accordingly.

[0113] The above description is merely an optional embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A circularly polarized antenna, characterized in that: The circularly polarized antenna comprises: dielectric layer; a radiation layer located on one side of the dielectric layer, the radiation layer comprising a first radiation patch and a second radiation patch; the first radiation patch comprising a radiation body, the radiation body comprising a first symmetry axis extending along a first direction and passing through the center of the radiation body, and a second symmetry axis extending along a second direction and passing through the center of the radiation body, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction; the second radiation patch comprising four first radiation portions located on the periphery of the first radiation patch, the first first radiation portion and the second first radiation portion being symmetrically arranged with respect to the first symmetry axis, the third first radiation portion and the fourth first radiation portion being symmetrically arranged with respect to the first symmetry axis, the first first radiation portion and the fourth first radiation portion being symmetrically arranged with respect to the second symmetry axis, and the second first radiation portion and the third first radiation portion being symmetrically arranged with respect to the second symmetry axis, the distance between the center of each first radiation portion and the first symmetry axis being equal to the distance between the center of the first radiation portion and the second symmetry axis; the first dimension of each first radiation portion in a direction pointing toward the center of the radiation body is greater than the second dimension of the first radiation portion in a direction perpendicular to the center of the radiation body; a ground layer, the ground layer being located on a side of the dielectric layer away from the radiation layer; and a feeding line, wherein the feeding line is located in the dielectric layer and is used to connect the center of the radiating body and the ground layer.

2. The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein The four first radiation parts include a first target first radiation part, a second target first radiation part and a third target first radiation part, the first target first radiation part is any first radiation part of the four first radiation parts, the second target first radiation part is a first radiation part symmetrically arranged with respect to the first target radiation part with respect to the first symmetry axis, and the third target first radiation part is a first radiation part symmetrically arranged with respect to the first target radiation part with respect to the second symmetry axis; A first angle between a first line connecting the center of the first radiation portion of the first target and the center of the radiation body and a second line connecting the center of the first radiation portion of the second target and the center of the radiation body is the same as a second angle between a first line connecting the center of the first radiation portion of the first target and the center of the radiation body and a third line connecting the center of the first radiation portion of the third target and the center of the radiation body.

3. The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The first symmetric axis and the second symmetric axis form a first axis angle, a second axis angle, a third axis angle, and a fourth axis angle, the radiating body further comprising two third axes passing through the center of the radiating body, a first third axis of the two third axes bisects the first axis angle and the third axis angle, and a second third axis bisects the second axis angle and the fourth axis angle, and the two third axes are perpendicular; The orthographic projection of the first first radiating portion on the dielectric layer is symmetrically arranged with respect to the first third axis, the orthographic projection of the second first radiating portion on the dielectric layer is symmetrically arranged with respect to the second third axis, the orthographic projection of the third first radiating portion on the dielectric layer is symmetrically arranged with respect to the first third axis, and the orthographic projection of the fourth first radiating portion on the dielectric layer is symmetrically arranged with respect to the second third axis.

4. The circularly polarized antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The gap between the boundary of the first radiating portion close to the radiating body and the radiating body is in a range of 0.06 to 0.01 free space wavelengths, where the free space wavelength refers to the wavelength of electromagnetic waves propagating in free space.

5. The circularly polarized antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The distance between the center of the first radiation portion and the center of the radiation body ranges from 0.2 to 0.4 free space wavelengths, where the free space wavelength refers to the wavelength of electromagnetic waves propagating in free space.

6. The circularly polarized antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The shape of the orthographic projection of the first radiating portion on the dielectric layer is a triangle; Alternatively, the shape of the orthographic projection of the first radiating portion on the dielectric layer is a trapezoid; Alternatively, the orthographic projection of the first radiating portion on the dielectric layer includes a first part and a second part, the first part is closer to the radiating body relative to the second part, the shape of the orthographic projection of the first part on the dielectric layer is a rectangle, the shape of the orthographic projection of the second part on the dielectric layer is a rectangle, and the width of the orthographic projection of the first part on the dielectric layer in the direction perpendicular to the center of the radiating body is greater than the width of the orthographic projection of the second part on the dielectric layer in the direction perpendicular to the center of the radiating body.

7. The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 6, wherein: When the shape of the orthographic projection of the first radiating portion on the dielectric layer is a triangle, the first radiating portion includes a base and two side edges, the base is closer to the radiating body than the two side edges, the length range of the orthographic projection of the base on the dielectric layer is 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna, and the length range of the orthographic projection of the side on the dielectric layer is 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.

8. The circularly polarized antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The first radiation patch further includes a second radiation portion and a third radiation portion; The first end of the second radiating portion and the first end of the third radiating portion are located on the first side of the radiating body, the second end of the second radiating portion and the second end of the third radiating portion are located on the second side of the radiating body, and the first side and the second side of the radiating body are arranged along the first direction; A first distance is formed between the first end of the first radiating portion and the first end of the second radiating portion in the second direction, and a second distance is formed between the second end of the first radiating portion and the second end of the second radiating portion in the second direction; The second radiation portion and the third radiation portion are symmetrically arranged relative to the first symmetry axis. The second radiation portion is symmetrically arranged along the second symmetry axis, and the third radiation portion is symmetrically arranged along the second symmetry axis.

9. The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 8, wherein: A portion of the second radiating portion located between the first end and the second end is located on the third side of the radiating body, and a portion of the third radiating portion located between the first end and the second end is located on the fourth side of the radiating body; The second radiation portion and the third radiation portion constitute a radiation ring portion located at the periphery of the radiation body. The radiation ring portion includes the first intervals and the second intervals arranged along the first direction. The first intervals and the second intervals are located in the area where the first symmetry axis m1 is located.

10. The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 9, wherein: The shape of the orthographic projection of the contour of the side of the radiation ring portion away from the radiation body on the dielectric layer, and the shape of the orthographic projection of the contour of the side of the radiation ring portion close to the radiation body on the dielectric layer, are both the same as the shape of the orthographic projection of the outer contour of the radiation body on the dielectric layer.

11. The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 10, wherein: The orthographic projection of the radiating body on the dielectric layer is a regular polygon, and the orthographic projection of the contour of the radiating ring portion away from the radiating body on the dielectric layer and the orthographic projection of the contour of the radiating ring portion close to the radiating body on the dielectric layer are also regular polygons. Alternatively, the shape of the orthographic projection of the radiating body on the dielectric layer is a circle, and the shape of the orthographic projection of the outline of the side of the radiating ring portion away from the radiating body on the dielectric layer, and the shape of the orthographic projection of the outline of the side of the radiating ring portion close to the radiating body on the dielectric layer are also circles.

12. The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 9, wherein: When the orthographic projection of the radiating body on the dielectric layer is a square, and the orthographic projection of the contour of the side of the radiating ring portion away from the radiating body on the dielectric layer, and the orthographic projection of the contour of the side of the radiating ring portion close to the radiating body on the dielectric layer are also squares, then: The width of the orthographic projection of the radiating body on the dielectric layer is in the range of 1 / 2.5 to 1 / 2 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna; The width of the orthographic projection of the radiation ring portion on the dielectric layer along the first direction ranges from 1 / 2 to 11 / 20 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna; The distance between the orthographic projection of the radiating body on the dielectric layer and the orthographic projection of the radiating ring portion on the dielectric layer is in the range of 1 / 25 to 1 / 20 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna; The first interval and the second interval range from 1 / 30 to 1 / 20 of a wavelength corresponding to a center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.

13. The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 9, wherein: When the shape of the orthographic projection of the contour of the side of the radiation ring portion away from the radiation body on the dielectric layer and the shape of the orthographic projection of the contour of the side of the radiation ring portion close to the radiation body on the dielectric layer are squares, then: The distance between the orthographic projection of the first radiating portion on the dielectric layer and the orthographic projection of the radiating ring portion on the dielectric layer is in a range from 1 / 15 to 1 / 10 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.

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