Portable needling trigger device for electric vehicle and using method of portable needling trigger device

Abstract

The invention discloses a portable acupuncture triggering device for an electric vehicle and a using method, and belongs to the technical field of fire experiments. The firing pin is positioned in the firing pin seat; the needling trigger device is pushed to the bottom of the electric automobile; the angle of the striker is adjusted, so that the striker is aligned to the point position of the battery pack needing to be punctured; when the lifting switch lifting key is pressed, the hydraulic lifting foot extends out to contact with the ground; when the fire behavior at the bottom of the battery pack cannot be controlled, a lifting switch lifting key is pressed, a hydraulic lifting foot retracts and is separated from the ground, and four wheels are in contact with the ground, so that the battery pack is driven to run out of the battery pack, and the battery pack is driven to run out of the battery pack; the needling triggering device is timely withdrawn out of the site through the mooring rope; the camera continuously monitors the acupuncture process, and the acupuncture process is stored through the monitoring host; through the steps, the purposes of triggering the thermal runaway of the electric vehicle through mechanical abuse and monitoring the thermal runaway process are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a portable acupuncture trigger device for an electric vehicle and a use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fire experiments. Background Art

[0002] The development of new energy vehicles is the only way for my country to become an automobile power. In recent years, the sales and ownership of new energy vehicles in my country have continued to rise, but the number of new energy vehicle fires has also increased. This not only poses a serious threat to the safety of public life and property, but also restricts the healthy development of the new energy vehicle industry. Conducting combustion experiments on electric vehicles is an important means to explore the safety design defects of electric vehicles and improve intrinsic safety.

[0003] According to statistics, among the causes of fire in new energy vehicles, fires caused by traffic accidents or chassis collisions account for 15.38%, second only to battery failure itself, which accounts for 32.97%. Such mechanical abuse failures are sudden and serious when they are serious, and have a certain degree of concealment and lag when the failure is relatively minor. After a minor accident, the parking or operation scenarios of vehicles are complex, and the fire hazards are extremely high. Therefore, conducting electric vehicle fire reproduction experiments for such fault conditions and quantitatively evaluating the potential hazards of electric vehicles under mechanical abuse conditions are important prerequisites for improving the safety performance of electric vehicles and ensuring the steady development of the new energy vehicle industry.

[0004] Currently, mechanical misuse failures in electric vehicles are mainly triggered by needle puncture, where a steel needle is inserted into the battery pack to trigger thermal runaway of the individual cells, thereby evaluating the battery system's ability to suppress heat spread and the effectiveness of its protective design. However, existing needle puncture triggering devices have significant technical bottlenecks: First, existing needle puncture triggering devices are generally large and difficult to move and place. They are mostly used in fixed laboratories or experimental benches. In confined spaces such as garages, parking racks, and tunnels, they often face difficulties in equipment deployment and limited multi-angle loading. Second, because needle puncture equipment is generally expensive, to avoid the risk of burns, high-temperature protective cabins are often installed during experiments. This results in a large blind spot in the observation of the needle puncture points, making it difficult to effectively capture the key evolution process of vehicle fires caused by mechanical misuse. At the same time, once the equipment burns, the experimental cost will increase sharply and seriously affect the continuity of experimental research.

[0005] For example, the invention patent application number 202510288140.1, "A Vehicle Underbody Needle Puncture Device," can achieve fixed-point needling on the underside of a vehicle, but requires the use of a floor and ground rails, making it difficult to flexibly apply to specific scenarios such as enclosed garages and three-dimensional parking racks. Furthermore, the steel needle can only penetrate vertically, and cannot penetrate at multiple angles to simulate different degrees of damage to the battery pack. The invention patent application number 202510288141.6, "A Vehicle Needle Puncture Detection System," adds a water immersion tank and related structures under the test bench to improve safety, but still faces the problems of large facility size and the inability to load at multiple angles, further increasing the observation blind spot of the experiment. The invention patent with application number 202210545382.0, "A Battery Pack Puncture Test Device", solves the technical problem that batteries with different puncture positions require matching different puncture equipment. A set of equipment can be used to puncture the four side walls of the battery pack, but the steel needle can only be inserted horizontally and the insertion angle cannot be adjusted. In addition, the experimental subject is the battery pack, which does not meet the needs of puncturing the entire electric vehicle and evaluating the safety performance of the entire vehicle.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a portable acupuncture trigger device for electric vehicles, adopt a miniaturized and integrated design to reduce the size of the device and reduce the cost of the device, so that it can be suitable for a wider range of application scenarios. At the same time, an acupuncture angle adjustment device should be designed to overcome the defect that the existing device cannot achieve multi-angle insertion. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, such as difficulty in deployment in confined space scenarios, limited multi-angle loading of the firing pin, high experimental costs, and large monitoring blind spots, the present invention provides a portable acupuncture trigger device for electric vehicles and a method of use. It adopts an integrated and modular design to effectively reduce the size of the device and reduce the cost of the device. The outer box, the rotating main box, the turbine assembly, and the worm assembly are coordinated to realize multi-angle loading of the firing pin. A camera is arranged in the main box cover to monitor the failure phenomenon of the acupuncture point at close range, expand the triggering scenario of mechanical abuse of electric vehicles, and reduce experimental costs. By adjusting the acupuncture angle, the simulation of different fault degrees of the battery pack can be realized, and an effective fault triggering means is provided for the quantitative evaluation of fire hazards under mechanical abuse conditions of electric vehicles in multiple scenarios.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a portable acupuncture trigger device for an electric vehicle, comprising an electric hydraulic jack, a stepping servo motor, a camera, a monitoring host and a hydraulic power assembly, wherein the hydraulic power assembly comprises a hydraulic power unit, an oil inlet synchronous motor, an oil return synchronous motor, hydraulic lifting feet in four side flange oil cylinders, a lifting switch and a starting switch, and further comprises an outer box, a rotating main box, a main box cover, a turbine assembly, a worm assembly, a striker seat, a striker, a camera bracket and wheels; the outer box is provided with a worm assembly, the rotating main box is provided with a turbine assembly, the rotating main box is arranged in the outer box and connected to the outer box through the turbine assembly, the thread of the worm assembly is engaged with the turbine teeth of the turbine assembly, the camera bracket and the electric hydraulic jack are respectively fixed on the rotating main box, the camera is fixed on the camera bracket, the striker seat is fixed on the electric hydraulic jack, and the striker is arranged in the striker seat; The hydraulic power unit, the oil inlet synchronous motor, the oil return synchronous motor and the stepping servo motor are respectively fixed on the outer box, and the stepping servo motor is connected to the worm assembly; Four wheels and four hydraulic lifting legs are fixed to the lower end of the outer box respectively. The hydraulic power unit is connected to the four hydraulic lifting legs through an oil inlet synchronous motor and an oil return synchronous motor respectively. The lifting switch and the start switch are respectively connected to the hydraulic power unit; The rotating main box can rotate left or right in the outer box, and the rotation angle is 0-45 degrees; The electric hydraulic jack controls the striker to move up and down via a remote control; The camera communicates wirelessly with the monitoring host.

[0009] It also includes a main box cover, which is fixed on the rotating main box, and the camera and the striker extend out of the main box cover respectively.

[0010] The rotating main box is arranged in the outer box, and the specific structure connected to the outer box through the turbine assembly is: the turbine assembly includes a worm shaft, a turbine, a turbine fastening flange, a pressure bearing, a bearing, a fastening nut, and a fixed flange; a fixed flange is fixed on the inner side of the worm shaft hole of the two main walls II of the rotating main box, and the centers of the fixed flanges are concentric with the worm shaft holes; a bearing is provided in the bearing holes of the two main walls I of the outer box; one side of the turbine is fixed to the side of the shaft stop of the worm shaft, and the turbine fastening flange is fixed to the other side of the turbine; one end of the worm shaft passes through a fixed flange, a main wall II worm shaft hole, a pressure bearing, a bearing and a fastening nut in sequence, and is screwed together; the other end of the worm shaft passes through another fixed flange, another main wall II worm shaft hole, another pressure bearing, another bearing and another fastening nut in sequence.

[0011] The outer box is equipped with a worm assembly. The specific structure is as follows: the worm assembly includes a worm, a tapered roller bearing, a fastening nut, a coupling and a jacket; The two outer sleeves are respectively fixed in the outer sleeve grooves on the two side walls of the outer box, and a tapered roller bearing is respectively arranged in the two outer sleeves; the worm is provided with a thread, and one end of the worm passes through the worm hole on one side wall of the outer box, a tapered roller bearing, a fastening nut and a coupling, and the other end of the worm passes through the worm hole on the other side wall of the outer box, another tapered roller bearing and another fastening nut.

[0012] The specific connection structure of the striker seat, electric hydraulic jack and striker is as follows: the hydraulic rod of the electric hydraulic jack is arranged in the blind hole of the hydraulic rod of the striker seat and is fixed to the striker seat by a cotter pin. The vertical surface II of the striker corresponds to the vertical surface I of the striker blind hole. The striker is inserted into the striker blind hole of the striker seat, and the plunger ball is embedded in the plunger ball hole. The striker is positioned in the striker seat by cooperating with the circular groove on the vertical surface II of the striker through the ball head of the plunger ball.

[0013] A method for using a portable acupuncture trigger device for an electric vehicle, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Select a pointed or flat-head firing pin according to experimental requirements and position the firing pin in the firing pin seat; Step 2: Place the experimental electric vehicle on a vehicle stand and push the acupuncture trigger device to the bottom of the electric vehicle; Step 3: Adjust the angle of the striker according to the degree of damage to the battery pack to be simulated, so that the striker is aimed at the point where the battery pack needs to be punctured; Step 4: Press the down button of the lifting switch, and the hydraulic lifting foot extends to contact the ground, so that the acupuncture trigger device is stably positioned at the bottom of the electric vehicle; Step 5: Press the up button on the remote control to start the electric hydraulic jack. The hydraulic rod drives the striker through the striker seat to penetrate the battery pack. When the penetration length meets the experimental requirements, press the pause button on the remote control to stop the hydraulic rod from rising. Then press the down button on the remote control to separate the striker seat from the striker. Continue to observe whether there is smoke or fire at the puncture site. When the fire at the bottom of the battery pack cannot be controlled, press the up button on the lifting switch. The hydraulic lifting foot retracts and separates from the ground. The four wheels touch the ground. The puncture trigger device is promptly removed from the scene via the cable connected to the traction ring. The camera continuously monitors the acupuncture process and stores the acupuncture process through the monitoring host. The display outputs the image of the acupuncture site in real time. The above steps achieve the purpose of triggering thermal runaway of electric vehicles through mechanical abuse and monitoring the thermal runaway process phenomena.

[0014] The technical effects of the present invention are: (1) The miniaturized and integrated structural design of the needle trigger device reduces the production cost, is applicable to various confined space scenarios, and can achieve the reproduction of electric vehicle fire accidents caused by mechanical abuse in multiple scenarios, providing a data basis and technical support for improving the safety performance of electric vehicles in all scenarios and all fault conditions.

[0015] (2) The outer box is provided with a worm assembly, and the rotating main box is provided with a turbine assembly. The worm thread is engaged with the worm gear teeth, thereby changing the plane angle of the rotating main box to adjust the puncture angle of the firing pin into the battery pack. By changing the angle at which the firing pin penetrates the battery pack, different degrees of mechanical abuse damage are simulated. The stepper servo motor has a self-locking structure to ensure that the firing pin penetrates the battery pack at different angles and that the plane angle of the rotating main box does not change.

[0016] (3) The firing pin seat is provided with a vertical surface I, and the firing pin is provided with a vertical surface II, which can ensure that the pointed firing pin or the straight-headed firing pin can be quickly inserted into the firing pin seat. The circular groove structure design on the ball head of the plunger ball and the firing pin vertical surface II can ensure the upward stroke of the hydraulic rod of the electric hydraulic jack, and push the firing pin into the battery pack through the firing pin seat. When the hydraulic rod of the electric hydraulic jack descends, the firing pin can be separated from the firing pin seat, preventing the needle trigger device from being unable to be withdrawn in time when the firing pin is stuck in the battery pack.

[0017] (4) There are wheels, hydraulic lifting feet and a towing ring at the bottom of the outer box. The wheels are used to facilitate the movement of the needle trigger device, and the hydraulic lifting feet are used to ensure the stability and accuracy of the process of the firing pin piercing the battery pack. During the test, when the electric vehicle thermal runaway catches fire, the hydraulic lifting feet can be quickly lifted off the ground, allowing the wheels to touch the ground. The needle trigger device can be promptly removed from the scene through the cable connected to the towing ring to protect the needle trigger device from being burned.

[0018] (5) A camera is placed on the rotating main box to record the entire process of the striker piercing the battery pack at close range and transmit the data to the monitoring host via WIFI. This can realize the recording and transmission of the entire process of needle puncture and obtain more effective data.

[0019] (6) The outer box, rotating main box and main box cover are all made of fire-resistant materials to provide protection against thermal runaway fire at the bottom of the vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 A main structural diagram of the acupuncture trigger device of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the acupuncture trigger device without the main housing cover for realizing the present invention; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the acupuncture trigger device of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 AA section view of the structure; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the specific connection structure of the striker seat, the electric hydraulic jack and the striker of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the outer box of the present invention; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Side view of the structure; Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the rotating main box of the present invention; Figure 9 for Figure 8 Side view of the structure; Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the structural decomposition of the firing pin seat of the present invention; Figure 11 is a top view of the circular flange of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a structural diagram of the pointed striker of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a structural diagram of the slotted striker of the present invention; Figure 14 To realize the step servo motor control circuit block diagram of the present invention; Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the structure of the hydraulic power assembly for realizing the present invention; Figure 16 Schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 1. Outer box; 1-1. Main wall I; 1-1-1. Bearing hole; 1-2. Side wall; 1-2-1. Outer sleeve groove; 1-2-2. Worm hole; 1-3. Lower plate I; 1-4. Motor frame; 1-5. Hydraulic power unit frame; 1-6. Traction ring; 2. Rotating main box; 2-1. Upper cover; 2-2. Main wall II; 2-2-1. Worm shaft hole; 2-3. Lower plate II; 3. Main box cover; 4. Turbine assembly; 4-1. Worm shaft; 4-1-1. Shaft stop; 4-2. Turbine; 4-3. Turbine fastening flange; 4-4. Pressure bearing; 4-5. Bearing; 4-6. Fastening nut; 4-7. Fixing flange; 5. Worm assembly; 5-1. Worm; 5-1-1. Thread; 5-2. Round Tapered roller bearing; 5-3, fastening nut; 5-4, coupling; 5-5, outer sleeve; 6, striker seat; 6-1, circular flange; 6-1-1, striker blind hole; 6-1-11, vertical surface I; 6-1-2, plunger ball hole; 6-1-3, hydraulic rod blind hole; 6-1-4, cotter pin hole; 6-2, plunger ball; 6-3, cotter pin; 7, striker; 7-1, vertical surface II; 7-1-1, circular groove; 8, camera bracket; 9, wheel; 10, hydraulic power unit; 10-1, hydraulic lifting foot; 11, electric hydraulic jack; 11-1, hydraulic rod; 11-2, remote control; 12, stepper servo motor; 13, camera; 14, monitoring host; 15, electric car; 16, cable. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] like Figures 1 to 15 As shown, a portable acupuncture trigger device for an electric vehicle includes an outer box 1, a rotating main box 2, a main box cover 3, a turbine assembly 4, a worm assembly 5, a striker seat 6, a striker 7, a camera bracket 8, a wheel 9, an electric hydraulic jack 11, a stepper servo motor 12, a camera 13, a monitoring host 14 and a hydraulic power assembly. The hydraulic power assembly includes a hydraulic power unit 10, an oil inlet synchronous motor, an oil return synchronous motor, hydraulic lifting feet 10-1 in four side flange cylinders, a lifting switch and a start switch.

[0023] Screw the two side walls 1-2 and the lower plate Ⅰ1-3 of the outer box 1 together with one main wall Ⅰ1-1 by bolts respectively, and the other main wall Ⅰ1-1 is to be installed, to ensure the smooth installation of the subsequent worm assembly 5; screw the upper cover 2-1 and the lower plate Ⅱ2-3 of the rotating main box 2 together with one main wall Ⅱ2-2 by bolts respectively, and the other main wall Ⅱ2-2 is to be installed, to ensure the smooth installation of the subsequent turbine assembly 4, and fix a jacket 5-5 by bolts in the jacket groove 1-2-1 of the two side walls 1-2 of the outer box 1 respectively; place the rotating main box 2 in the outer box 1, set the worm 5-1 at the upper end of the lower plate Ⅱ2-3 of the rotating main box 2 in the outer box 1, and extend one end of the worm 5-1 from the outer box 1 through the worm hole 1-2-2 of one side wall 1-2 to the outside of the jacket 5-5 hole on one side, and then tighten the worm 5-1 on the other side. One end passes through the worm hole 1-2-2 on the other side wall 1-2 from the inside of the outer box 1 and extends out of the hole of the outer sleeve 5-5 on the other side. A tapered roller bearing 5-2 is respectively installed on the worm 5-1 extending out of the outer sleeves 5-5 on both sides. The two tapered roller bearings 5-2 are respectively embedded in the two outer sleeves 5-5. The tapered roller bearings 5-2 are tightly matched with the outer sleeves 5-5. A fastening nut 5-3 is respectively screwed on the worm 5-1 extending out of the two tapered roller bearings 5-2. The two fastening nuts 5-3 are pressed against the two tapered roller bearings 5-2 and locked on the worm 5-1 to ensure the stability of the worm 5-1 in clockwise or counterclockwise rotation. The stepper servo motor 12 shaft fixed on the motor frame 1-4 of the outer box 1 is connected to the worm 5-1 extending out of a fastening nut 5-3 through a coupling 5-4.

[0024] The turbine 4-2 is mounted on the worm shaft 4-1. The turbine 4-2 is fixed to the worm shaft 4-1 on one side of the shaft stop 4-1-1 by a key. The turbine fastening flange 4-3 is screwed on the worm shaft 4-1 and fits tightly with the turbine 4-2. A fixing flange 4-7 is mounted on the worm shaft 4-1 on both sides of the turbine 4-2. The worm shaft 4-1 with the turbine 4-2 fixed is set on the upper end of the worm 5-1 in the rotating main box 2. One end of the worm shaft 4-1 The worm shaft 4-1 passes through a worm shaft hole 2-2-1 in a main wall II 2-2 of the rotating main box 2, a pressure bearing 4-4, a bearing 4-5 in a worm hole 1-2-2 in a side wall 1-2 of the outer box 1, and is screwed together with a fastening nut 4-6. The other end of the worm shaft 4-1 passes through a worm shaft hole 2-2-1 in a main wall II 2-2 to be installed in the rotating main box 2, a pressure bearing 4-4, a worm hole 1-2-2 in a side wall 1-2 to be installed in the outer box 1. A bearing 4-5 is screwed together with another fastening nut 4-6, and the bearing 4-5 is in a tight fit with the worm hole 1-2-2. The main wall Ⅱ2-2 to be installed is fixed to the upper cover 2-1 and the lower plate Ⅱ2-3 of the rotating main box 2 by bolts to form a complete rotating main box 2. The side wall 1-2 to be installed is fixed to the two side walls 1-2 and the lower plate Ⅰ1-3 of the outer box 1 by bolts to form a complete outer box 1. The two fixing flanges 4-7 set on the worm gear shaft 4-1 are respectively fixed to the inner sides of the worm gear shaft holes 2-2-1 of the two main walls Ⅱ2-2 of the rotating main box 2 by bolts. The tightness of the two fastening nuts 4-6 is adjusted so that the two fastening nuts 4-6 are respectively pressed on the two bearings 4-5, and it is ensured that the teeth of the turbine 4-2 are engaged with the threads 5-1-1 of the worm assembly 5 to ensure that the rotating main box 2 can rotate 0-45 degrees to the left or right in the outer box 1 smoothly.

[0025] Fix the camera bracket 8 and the electric hydraulic jack 11 on the upper cover 2-1 of the rotating main box 2 respectively, fix the camera 13 on the camera bracket 8, set the hydraulic rod 11-1 of the electric hydraulic jack 11 in the blind hole 6-1-3 of the hydraulic rod of the striker seat 6, and pass the cotter pin 6-3 through the cotter pin hole 6-1-4 on one side of the striker seat 6 and the hydraulic rod hole to the cotter pin hole 6-1-4 on the other side in sequence, fix the striker seat 6 on the hydraulic rod 11-1, align the vertical surface II7-1 of the striker 7 with the vertical surface I6-1-11 of the striker blind hole 6-1-1, insert the striker 7 into the striker blind hole 6-1-1 of the striker seat 6, embed the plunger ball 6-2 in the plunger ball hole 6-1-2, and the striker 7 passes through the plunger. The ball head of the ball plug 6-2 cooperates with the circular groove 7-1-1 on the vertical surface Ⅱ7-1 of the striker 7 to position the striker 7 in the striker seat 6, and the striker 7 can be plugged in and replaced at any time; on the hydraulic power unit frame 1-5, the hydraulic power unit 10, the oil inlet synchronous motor and the oil return synchronous motor are respectively installed, and the main box cover 3 is fixed to the rotating main box 2 by bolts, and the camera 13 and the striker 7 are respectively extended out of the main box cover 3; the four wheels 9 are respectively fixed to the four corners of the lower plate Ⅰ1-3 of the outer box 1 by bolts, and the four hydraulic lifting feet 10-1 are respectively fixed to the four corners of the lower end of the main wall Ⅰ1-1 on both sides of the outer box 1 by bolts through the side flange cylinder, and the camera 13 realizes wireless communication with the monitoring host 14.

[0026] like Figure 6 、 Figure 7 As shown, the outer box 1 includes a main wall Ⅰ1-1, a side wall 1-2, a lower plate Ⅰ1-3, a motor frame 1-4, a hydraulic power unit frame 1-5 and a traction ring 1-6. A side wall 1-2 is fixed to each side of the two main walls Ⅰ1-1 by bolts, and the lower plate Ⅰ1-3 is fixed to the lower ends of the two main walls Ⅰ1-1 and the two side walls 1-2 by bolts. The motor frame 1-4 is fixed on one side wall 1-2, and the hydraulic power unit frame 1-5 and the traction ring 1-6 are fixed on the other side wall 1-2. A bearing hole 1-1-1 is symmetrically provided on the two main walls Ⅰ1-1, and an outer sleeve groove 1-2-1 is symmetrically provided on the outside of the two side walls 1-2. A worm hole 1-2-2 is provided in the two outer sleeve grooves 1-2-1.

[0027] like Figure 8 、 Figure 9 As shown, the rotating main box 2 includes an upper cover 2-1, a main wall II2-2 and a lower plate II2-3. The upper end of the main wall II2-2 is rectangular and the lower end is semicircular. The upper ends of the two main walls II2-2 are fixed to the upper cover 2-1 by bolts, and the lower plate II2-3 is fixed between the arc surfaces of the lower ends of the two main walls II2-2 by bolts. Worm gear shaft holes 2-2-1 are symmetrically provided on the two main walls II2-2.

[0028] like Figure 10 、 Figure 11As shown, the striker seat 6 includes a circular flange 6-1, a plunger ball 6-2 and a cotter pin 6-3. A striker blind hole 6-1-1 and a plunger ball hole 6-1-2 are respectively provided on the cylindrical body at the upper end of the circular flange 6-1. The surface of the striker blind hole 6-1-1 communicating with the plunger ball hole 6-1-2 is a vertical surface Ⅰ 6-1-11. A hydraulic rod blind hole 6-1-3 and a cotter pin hole 6-1-4 are respectively provided on the cylindrical body at the lower end of the circular flange 6-1. The plunger ball 6-2 is embedded in the plunger ball hole 6-1-2, the ball head of the plunger ball 6-2 extends out of the vertical surface Ⅰ 6-1-11, and the cotter pin 6-3 is inserted into the cotter pin hole 6-1-4.

[0029] like Figure 12 、 Figure 13 As shown, the striker 7 is a pointed striker or a straight striker, and one side surface of the cylindrical body at the lower end of the striker 7 is a vertical surface II 7 - 1 , and a circular groove 7 - 1 - 1 is provided on the vertical surface II 7 - 1 .

[0030] Figure 14 This is a block diagram of the step-servo motor control circuit of the present invention; the programmable servo controller is connected to the step-servo motor 12 through a step-servo driver; the programmable servo controller is a touch screen multi-threaded programmable controller, which sends instructions to the step-servo driver through the touch screen. The step-servo driver drives the step-servo motor to run or stop according to the instructions of the programmable controller, and controls the rotation angle and speed of the step-servo motor 12; the step-servo motor 12 drives the turbine 4-2 of the turbine assembly 4 to rotate through the worm assembly 5. The cooperation between the turbine 4-2 and the thread 5-1-1 of the worm assembly 5 enables the rotating main box 2 to rotate 0-45 degrees to the left or right within the outer box 1; The stepper servo motor model is ZDM-2HA865-ZM48V, the stepper servo driver model is ZDM-2HA865-ZH48V, and the programmable servo controller PLC model is CM40PAC TC55V. All are powered by a 48V DC power supply and are manufactured by Beijing Times Chaoqun Technology Co., Ltd. The stepper servo motor adds a position feedback device and a closed-loop controller to the stepper motor. The position feedback device can monitor the position of the stepper servo motor in real time and transmit the feedback signal to the closed-loop controller. The closed-loop controller compares the feedback signal with the desired position and controls the drive current and pulse sequence of the stepper servo motor to make the stepper servo motor run accurately at the desired position and speed.

[0031] like Figure 15This is a structural diagram of the hydraulic power assembly. The hydraulic power assembly includes a hydraulic power unit 10, an oil inlet synchronous motor, an oil return synchronous motor, four side flange cylinders, a lifting switch and a starting switch. The hydraulic power unit includes a hydraulic pump, an electromagnetic reversing valve and an oil tank; the electromagnetic reversing valve P port of the hydraulic power unit is connected to the hydraulic pump and the oil inlet synchronous motor through oil pipes, respectively, the electromagnetic reversing valve T port is connected to the oil tank and the oil return synchronous motor through oil pipes, the oil inlet synchronous motor is connected to the four side flange cylinder A ports through four oil pipes, the oil return synchronous motor is connected to the four side flange cylinder B ports through four oil pipes, the hydraulic pump is connected to the oil tank through oil pipes, the lifting switch is connected to the electromagnetic reversing valve through electric wires, the starting switch is connected to the hydraulic pump through electric wires, and the piston in the side flange cylinder is the hydraulic lifting foot 10-1.

[0032] Working principle: press the start switch, the hydraulic pump in the hydraulic power unit starts working, press the lifting switch to start, the electromagnetic reversing valve starts working, and the oil boosted by the hydraulic pump passes through the electromagnetic reversing valve P port and the oil inlet synchronous motor in turn, and enters the A port of the four side flange oil cylinders, driving the hydraulic lifting feet 10-1 (pistons) in the four side flange oil cylinders to extend and contact the ground, so that the acupuncture trigger device is stably positioned at the bottom of the electric vehicle 15. At this time, the four wheels 9 are separated from the ground; during the extension process of the hydraulic lifting feet 10-1 (pistons) in the four side flange oil cylinders, the hydraulic lifting feet 10-1 (pistons) push the oil of the side flange oil cylinders through the four side flange oil cylinders in turn. The oil is sent into the oil tank through the B port of the side flange cylinder, the return oil synchronous motor and the T port of the electromagnetic reversing valve; when the down button of the lifting switch is pressed, the oil boosted by the hydraulic pump is switched to the return oil synchronous motor through the p port of the electromagnetic reversing valve, and enters the B ports of the four side flange cylinders, driving the hydraulic lifting feet 10-1 (pistons) in the four side flange cylinders to retract and disengage from the ground. At this time, the four wheels 9 are in contact with the ground; during the retraction process of the hydraulic lifting feet 10-1 (pistons) in the four side flange cylinders, the hydraulic lifting feet 10-1 (pistons) send the oil of the side flange cylinders into the oil tank through the A ports of the four side flange cylinders, the oil inlet synchronous motor and the T port of the electromagnetic reversing valve in turn.

[0033] The hydraulic power unit is a 24v2.2kw8L circular horizontal electromagnetic 1-way hydraulic power unit, installed horizontally; the side flange cylinder has a stroke of 200 and a pressure of 3 tons; the return oil synchronous motor and the oil supply synchronous motor model are SRMD1-4M-1M1; The hydraulic power unit, side flange cylinder, return oil synchronous motor and oil inlet synchronous motor are produced by Sanbang Hydraulic Machinery Co., Ltd. or Ningbo Zhenhai Ailite Hydraulic Parts Co., Ltd., which also has the same products; the electric hydraulic jack 11 is a Shanghai Industrial 12-volt lithium-ion battery electric hydraulic jack, model PFIAZY; size: 35*15*15cm, maximum load 5T, lifting range 154cm, with a remote control 11-2, which controls the raising or lowering of the hydraulic rod 11-1, and the raising and lowering of the hydraulic rod 11-1 drives the striker 7 to move up and down.

[0034] The pressure bearing 4-4 ​​is used to rotate the main box 2 and the outer box 1 to isolate and remove the axial force of the turbine 4-2; the bearing 4-5 is used for the smooth rotation of the worm shaft 4-1; the tapered roller bearing 5-2 is used to support and adjust the tightness and axial force of the worm 5-1.

[0035] like Figure 16 As shown, embodiment 1 has a firing pin angle of 0 degrees; a method for using a portable acupuncture trigger device for an electric vehicle: the monitoring host 14, the lifting switch, the starting switch and the programmable controller are respectively set in the experimental parking scene or outside the experimental garage; Step 1: Select a striker 7 with a straight head according to experimental needs, align the vertical surface II 7-1 of the striker 7 with the vertical surface I 6-1-11 of the striker connecting seat 6-1, insert it into the striker blind hole 6-1-1, place the ball head of the plunger ball 6-2 into the circular groove 7-1-1 of the vertical surface II 7-1 of the striker 7, and position the striker 7 in the striker seat 6; Step 2: Place a car stand in an open space to simulate a ground parking lot scene, place the experimental electric car 15 on the car stand, and push the acupuncture trigger device to the bottom of the electric car 15; Step 3. According to the experimental requirements of simulating a slight mechanical abuse failure of the battery pack, the firing pin 7 should be aligned vertically upward with the target point of the battery pack. The firing pin angle is set to 0 degrees in the programmable controller. The stepper servo motor 12 is started through the programmable controller. The stepper servo motor 12 drives the worm 5-1 of the worm assembly 5 to rotate. The thread 5-1-1 of the worm 5-1 cooperates with the turbine 4-2 on the worm shaft 4-1 of the turbine assembly 4 to drive the rotating main box 2 to rotate in the outer box 1 until the angle between the firing pin 7 and the vertical direction is 0 degrees, and the firing pin is aligned with the point of the battery pack that needs to be punctured. Step 4: Press the start switch to activate the hydraulic pump in the hydraulic power unit. Press the lift switch to activate the electromagnetic reversing valve. The oil pressurized by the hydraulic pump passes through the P port of the electromagnetic reversing valve and the oil inlet synchronous motor in turn and enters the A port of the four side flange oil cylinders, driving the hydraulic lifting feet 10-1 (pistons) in the four side flange oil cylinders to extend and contact the ground, so that the acupuncture trigger device is stably positioned at the bottom of the electric vehicle 15. At this time, the four wheels 9 are separated from the ground. Step 5, press the up button of the remote control 11-2, the electric hydraulic jack 11 starts, and the hydraulic rod 11-1 drives the striker 7 to penetrate the battery pack through the striker seat 6. When the striker 7 penetrates to a depth of 15 cm, press the pause button of the remote control 11-2, the hydraulic rod 11-1 stops rising, and then press the down button of the remote control 11-2, the hydraulic rod 11-1 drives the striker seat 6 to separate from the striker 7, and continuously observes whether there is smoke or fire at the puncture site. After the striker 7 penetrates, the battery pack continues to smoke but no open flame is seen. If there is still no fire after 2 hours of observation, press the down button of the lifting switch, and the oil boosted by the hydraulic pump is switched to the oil return synchronous motor through the electromagnetic reversing valve p port, and enters the B port of the four side flange oil cylinders, driving the hydraulic lifting feet 10-1 (pistons) in the four side flange oil cylinders to retract and separate from the ground. At this time, the four wheels 9 are in contact with the ground, and then the acupuncture trigger device is promptly withdrawn from the scene through the cable 16 connected to the traction ring 1-6, and the experiment is ended; The camera 13 continuously monitors the acupuncture process and sends the information to the monitoring host 14, which stores the acupuncture process and outputs the image of the acupuncture site in real time through the display; The above steps have realized the simulation of minor mechanical misuse failures of electric vehicles in ground parking scenarios. Combined with the first part of the "China Automobile Fire Safety Evaluation Regulations" - Electric Vehicle Fire Safety Evaluation Regulations, a quantitative assessment of the fire hazards caused by minor mechanical misuse failures of electric vehicles in ground parking scenarios can be achieved.

[0036] Example 2: In an embodiment where the firing pin angle is 15 degrees, a method for using a portable acupuncture trigger device for an electric vehicle is provided. Step 1: Select a firing pin 7 with a straight head according to experimental requirements. The specific installation steps are the same as Step 1 of Example 1. Step 2: Place the car stand in an open space to simulate a ground parking lot scene. The specific steps are the same as Step 2 of Example 1. Step 3. According to the experimental requirements of simulating a relatively light mechanical abuse failure of the battery pack, the firing pin 7 should be aligned vertically upward with the target point of the battery pack. The firing pin angle is set to 15 degrees in the programmable controller. The stepper servo motor 12 is started by the programmable controller. The stepper servo motor 12 drives the worm 5-1 of the worm assembly 5 to rotate. The thread 5-1-1 of the worm 5-1 cooperates with the turbine 4-2 on the worm shaft 4-1 of the turbine assembly 4 to drive the rotating main box 2 to rotate to the right in the outer box 1 until the firing pin 7 is at an angle of 15 degrees with the vertical direction, and is aligned with the point of the battery pack that needs to be punctured. Step 4: Press the start switch, and the hydraulic lifting feet 10-1 (pistons) in the four side flange cylinders extend and contact the ground. The specific steps are the same as step 4 of embodiment 1; Step 5, press the up button of the remote control 11-2, the electric hydraulic jack 11 is started, and the hydraulic rod 11-1 drives the striker 7 to penetrate the battery pack through the striker seat 6. When the striker 7 penetrates to a depth of 20 cm, press the pause button of the remote control 11-2, the hydraulic rod 11-1 stops rising, and then press the down button of the remote control 11-2, the hydraulic rod 11-1 drives the striker seat 6 to separate from the striker 7, and continuously observes whether there is smoke or fire at the puncture site. About 5 minutes after the striker 7 penetrates, an open flame can be seen at the puncture site of the battery pack, and the fire gradually increases. Press the down button of the lifting switch, and the oil boosted by the hydraulic pump is switched to the return oil synchronous motor through the electromagnetic reversing valve p port, and enters the B port of the four side flange oil cylinders, driving the hydraulic lifting feet 10-1 (pistons) in the four side flange oil cylinders to retract and separate from the ground. At this time, the four wheels 9 are in contact with the ground, and then the puncture trigger device is promptly evacuated from the scene through the cable 16 connected to the traction ring 1-6 to protect the puncture trigger device from burning; The camera 13 continuously monitors the acupuncture process and sends the information to the monitoring host 14, which stores the acupuncture process and outputs the image of the acupuncture site in real time through the display; The above steps have realized the simulation of minor mechanical misuse failures of electric vehicles in ground parking scenarios. Combined with the first part of the "China Automobile Fire Safety Evaluation Procedure" - Electric Vehicle Fire Safety Evaluation Procedure, it can realize the quantitative assessment of the fire hazards caused by minor mechanical misuse failures of electric vehicles in ground parking scenarios.

[0037] Example 3: Example with a firing pin angle of 40 degrees, a method for using a portable acupuncture trigger device for an electric vehicle, step 1, selecting a firing pin 7 with a pointed tip according to experimental needs, and the specific installation steps are the same as step 1 of Example 1; Step 2: Place the car stand in an open space to simulate a ground parking lot scene. The specific steps are the same as Step 2 of Example 1. Step 3. According to the experimental requirements of simulating heavy mechanical abuse failure of the battery pack, the firing pin 7 should be aligned vertically upward with the target point of the battery pack. The firing pin angle is set to 40 degrees in the programmable controller. The stepper servo motor 12 is started by the programmable controller. The stepper servo motor 12 drives the worm 5-1 of the worm assembly 5 to rotate. The thread 5-1-1 of the worm 5-1 cooperates with the turbine 4-2 on the worm shaft 4-1 of the turbine assembly 4 to drive the rotating main box 2 to rotate to the left in the outer box 1 until the firing pin 7 is at an angle of 40 degrees with the vertical direction, and is aligned with the point of the battery pack that needs to be punctured; Step 4: Press the start switch, and the hydraulic lifting feet 10-1 (pistons) in the four side flange cylinders extend and contact the ground. The specific steps are the same as step 4 of embodiment 1; Step 5, press the up button of the remote control 11-2, the electric hydraulic jack 11 is started, and the hydraulic rod 11-1 drives the striker 7 to penetrate the battery pack through the striker seat 6. When the striker 7 penetrates to a depth of 25 cm, press the pause button of the remote control 11-2, the hydraulic rod 11-1 stops rising, and then press the down button of the remote control 11-2, the hydraulic rod 11-1 drives the striker seat 6 to separate from the striker 7, and continuously observes whether there is smoke or fire at the puncture site. About 1 minute after the striker 7 penetrates, an open flame can be seen at the puncture site of the battery pack, and the fire gradually increases. Press the down button of the lifting switch, and the oil boosted by the hydraulic pump is switched to the return oil synchronous motor through the electromagnetic reversing valve p port, and enters the B port of the four side flange oil cylinders, driving the hydraulic lifting feet 10-1 (pistons) in the four side flange oil cylinders to retract and separate from the ground. At this time, the four wheels 9 are in contact with the ground, and then the puncture trigger device is promptly evacuated from the scene through the cable 16 connected to the traction ring 1-6 to protect the puncture trigger device from burning; The camera 13 continuously monitors the acupuncture process and sends the information to the monitoring host 14, which stores the acupuncture process and outputs the image of the acupuncture site in real time through the display; The above steps have realized the simulation of minor mechanical misuse failures of electric vehicles in ground parking scenarios. Combined with the first part of the "China Automobile Fire Safety Evaluation Procedure" - Electric Vehicle Fire Safety Evaluation Procedure, it can realize the quantitative assessment of the fire hazards caused by minor mechanical misuse failures of electric vehicles in ground parking scenarios.

[0038] Example 4: Example with a firing pin angle of 0 degrees, a method for using a portable acupuncture trigger device for an electric vehicle, step 1, selecting a firing pin 7 with a pointed tip according to experimental needs, and the specific installation steps are the same as step 1 of Example 1; Step 2: Arrange the car stand in a full-size garage. The specific steps are the same as Step 2 of Example 1. Step 3. According to the experimental requirements of simulating a slight mechanical abuse failure of the battery pack, the firing pin 7 should be aligned vertically upward with the target point of the battery pack. The firing pin angle is set to 0 degrees in the programmable controller. The stepper servo motor 12 is started through the programmable controller. The stepper servo motor 12 drives the worm 5-1 of the worm assembly 5 to rotate. The thread 5-1-1 of the worm 5-1 cooperates with the turbine 4-2 on the worm shaft 4-1 of the turbine assembly 4 to drive the rotating main box 2 to rotate in the outer box 1 until the angle between the firing pin 7 and the vertical direction is 0 degrees, and the firing pin is aligned with the point of the battery pack that needs to be punctured. Step 4: Press the start switch, and the hydraulic lifting feet 10-1 (pistons) in the four side flange cylinders extend and contact the ground. The specific steps are the same as step 4 of embodiment 1; Step 5, press the up button of the remote control 11-2, the electric hydraulic jack 11 is started, and the hydraulic rod 11-1 drives the striker 7 to penetrate the battery pack through the striker seat 6. When the striker 7 penetrates to a depth of 15 cm, press the pause button of the remote control 11-2, the hydraulic rod 11-1 stops rising, and then press the down button of the remote control 11-2, the hydraulic rod 11-1 drives the striker seat 6 to separate from the striker 7, and continuously observes whether there is smoke or fire at the puncture site. About 15 minutes after the striker 7 penetrates, an open flame can be seen at the puncture site of the battery pack, and the fire gradually increases. Press the down button of the lifting switch, and the oil boosted by the hydraulic pump is switched to the return oil synchronous motor through the electromagnetic reversing valve p port, and enters the B port of the four side flange oil cylinders, driving the hydraulic lifting feet 10-1 (pistons) in the four side flange oil cylinders to retract and separate from the ground. At this time, the four wheels 9 are in contact with the ground, and then the puncture trigger device is promptly evacuated from the scene through the cable 16 connected to the traction ring 1-6 to protect the puncture trigger device from burning; The above steps have realized the simulation of minor mechanical misuse failures of electric vehicles in a full-scale garage scenario. Combined with the first part of the "China Automobile Fire Safety Evaluation Procedure" - Electric Vehicle Fire Safety Evaluation Procedure, a quantitative assessment of the fire hazards caused by minor mechanical misuse failures of electric vehicles in a full-scale garage scenario can be achieved.

Claims

1. A portable acupuncture trigger device for an electric vehicle, comprising an electric hydraulic jack, a stepper servo motor, a camera, a monitoring host, and a hydraulic power assembly. The hydraulic power assembly comprises a hydraulic power unit, an oil inlet synchronous motor, an oil return synchronous motor, hydraulic lifting feet in four side flange cylinders, a lifting switch, and a starting switch. The device is characterized by: Also included are the outer case, rotating main case, main case cover, turbine assembly, worm assembly, firing pin seat, firing pin, camera bracket, and wheels; A worm assembly is provided in the outer box, a turbine assembly is provided in the rotating main box, the rotating main box is arranged in the outer box and connected to the outer box through the turbine assembly, the thread of the worm assembly is engaged with the turbine teeth of the turbine assembly, the camera bracket and the electric hydraulic jack are respectively fixed to the rotating main box, the camera is fixed to the camera bracket, the striker seat is fixed to the electric hydraulic jack, and the striker is arranged in the striker seat; The hydraulic power unit, oil inlet synchronous motor, oil return synchronous motor and stepper servo motor are respectively fixed on the outer box, and the stepper servo motor is connected to the worm assembly; four wheels and four hydraulic lifting legs are respectively fixed to the lower end of the outer box, and the hydraulic power unit is connected to the four hydraulic lifting legs through the oil inlet synchronous motor and the oil return synchronous motor respectively, and the lifting switch and the starting switch are respectively connected to the hydraulic power unit; The rotating main box can rotate left or right in the outer box, and the rotation angle is 0-45 degrees; The electric hydraulic jack controls the striker to move up and down via a remote control; The camera communicates wirelessly with the monitoring host.

2. The portable acupuncture trigger device for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a main box cover, which is fixed on the rotating main box, and the camera and the striker extend out of the main box cover respectively.

3. The portable acupuncture trigger device for electric vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer box includes a main wall I, a side wall, a lower plate I, a motor frame, a hydraulic power unit frame and a traction ring. A side wall is fixed on each side of the two main walls I, and the lower plate I is fixed at the lower end of the two main walls I and the two side walls. The motor frame is fixed on one side wall, and the hydraulic power unit frame and the traction ring are fixed on the other side wall. A bearing hole is symmetrically provided on the two main walls I, and an outer sleeve groove is symmetrically provided on the outside of the two side walls, and a worm hole is provided in the two outer sleeve grooves.

4. The portable acupuncture trigger device for electric vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rotating main box includes an upper cover, a main wall II and a lower plate II. The upper end of the main wall II is rectangular and the lower end is semicircular. The upper cover is fixed on the upper ends of the two main walls II, and the lower plate II is fixed between the arc surfaces of the lower ends of the two main walls II. Worm gear shaft holes are symmetrically provided on the two main walls II.

5. The portable acupuncture trigger device for electric vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that: The striker seat includes a circular flange, a plunger ball and a cotter pin. The cylinder at the upper end of the circular flange is respectively provided with a striker blind hole and a plunger ball hole. The striker blind hole surface communicating with the plunger ball hole is a vertical surface I. The cylinder at the lower end of the circular flange is respectively provided with a hydraulic rod blind hole and a cotter pin hole. The plunger ball is embedded in the plunger ball hole, and the ball head of the plunger ball extends out of the vertical surface I. The cotter pin is inserted into the cotter pin hole.

6. The portable acupuncture trigger device for electric vehicles according to claim 5, characterized in that: The firing pin is a pointed firing pin or a straight-end firing pin, and one side surface of the cylindrical body at the lower end of the firing pin is a vertical surface II, and a circular groove is provided on the vertical surface II.

7. The portable acupuncture trigger device for electric vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rotating main box is arranged in the outer box, and the specific structure connected to the outer box through the turbine assembly is: the turbine assembly includes a worm shaft, a turbine, a turbine fastening flange, a pressure bearing, a bearing, a fastening nut, and a fixed flange; a fixed flange is fixed on the inner side of the worm shaft hole of the two main walls II of the rotating main box, and the centers of the fixed flanges are concentric with the worm shaft holes; a bearing is provided in the bearing holes of the two main walls I of the outer box; one side of the turbine is fixed to the side of the shaft stop of the worm shaft, and the turbine fastening flange is fixed to the other side of the turbine; one end of the worm shaft passes through a fixed flange, a main wall II worm shaft hole, a pressure bearing, a bearing and a fastening nut in sequence, and is screwed together; the other end of the worm shaft passes through another fixed flange, another main wall II worm shaft hole, another pressure bearing, another bearing and another fastening nut in sequence.

8. The portable acupuncture trigger device for electric vehicles according to claim 7, characterized in that: A worm assembly is provided in the outer box. The specific structure is as follows: the worm assembly includes a worm, a tapered roller bearing, a fastening nut, a coupling and an outer sleeve; the two outer sleeves are respectively fixed in the outer sleeve grooves on the two side walls of the outer box, and a tapered roller bearing is respectively provided in the two outer sleeves; the worm is provided with a thread, and one end of the worm passes through the worm hole on one side wall of the outer box, a tapered roller bearing, a fastening nut and a coupling in sequence, and the other end of the worm passes through the worm hole on the other side wall of the outer box, another tapered roller bearing and another fastening nut in sequence.

9. The portable acupuncture trigger device for electric vehicles according to claim 8, characterized in that: The specific connection structure of the striker seat, electric hydraulic jack and striker is as follows: the hydraulic rod of the electric hydraulic jack is arranged in the blind hole of the hydraulic rod of the striker seat and is fixed to the striker seat by a cotter pin. The vertical surface II of the striker corresponds to the vertical surface I of the striker blind hole. The striker is inserted into the striker blind hole of the striker seat, and the plunger ball is embedded in the plunger ball hole. The striker is positioned in the striker seat by cooperating with the circular groove on the vertical surface II of the striker through the ball head of the plunger ball.

10. A method for using the portable acupuncture trigger device for an electric vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that: Here are the steps: Step 1: Select a pointed or flat-head firing pin according to experimental requirements and position the firing pin in the firing pin seat; Step 2: Place the experimental electric vehicle on a vehicle stand and push the acupuncture trigger device to the bottom of the electric vehicle; Step 3: Adjust the angle of the striker according to the degree of damage to the battery pack to be simulated, so that the striker is aimed at the point where the battery pack needs to be punctured; Step 4: Press the down button of the lifting switch, and the hydraulic lifting foot extends to contact the ground, so that the acupuncture trigger device is stably positioned at the bottom of the electric vehicle; Step 5: Press the up button on the remote control to start the electric hydraulic jack. The hydraulic rod drives the striker through the striker seat to penetrate the battery pack. When the penetration length meets the experimental requirements, press the pause button on the remote control to stop the hydraulic rod from rising. Then press the down button on the remote control to separate the striker seat from the striker. Continue to observe whether there is smoke or fire at the puncture site. When the fire at the bottom of the battery pack cannot be controlled, press the up button on the lifting switch. The hydraulic lifting foot retracts and separates from the ground. The four wheels touch the ground. The puncture trigger device is promptly removed from the scene via the cable connected to the traction ring. The camera continuously monitors the acupuncture process and stores the acupuncture process through the monitoring host. The display outputs the image of the acupuncture site in real time. The above steps achieve the purpose of triggering thermal runaway of electric vehicles through mechanical abuse and monitoring the thermal runaway process phenomena.

Images