Modular dynamic load three-dimensional greening system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of modular dynamic load three-dimensional greening systems. Including bearing frame, plant module, prestressed connecting piece etc. Bearing frame is fixed to building facade or roof, top integrated flexible solar film, bottom is provided with water collecting tank;Plant module is connected with frame through prestressed connecting piece, connecting piece uses alloy steel, built-in dynamic load monitoring module and self-adaptive adjusting mechanism can disperse wind load and snow load;Multi-layer composite lightweight substrate is provided in module, including water-retaining, nutrient, drainage layer, there is macromolecular water-absorbing resin film between water-retaining layer and nutrient layer;Capillary bundle is communicated with water storage layer, and water circulation is formed;Ecological buffer zone is formed three-dimensional netted anchoring structure by drought-resistant creeping plant root system, spiral groove is provided in side wall to guide root growth, surface is sprayed with microbial inoculant;Quick-mounting interface is designed with stainless steel spring buckle and guide groove, additional magnetic auxiliary positioning device and sealed self-checking module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of urban building facade and roof greening technology, and in particular to a modular dynamic load-bearing three-dimensional greening system. Background Technology

[0002] Dynamic load-bearing vertical greening refers to a technical system implemented in three-dimensional spaces such as building facades or rooftops, which scientifically designs and addresses variable loads such as wind, rain, snow, plant growth, and human activities. Its core lies in combining structural mechanics with the ecological characteristics of plants, employing lightweight substrates, modular planting units, and elastic support structures to dynamically balance live and static loads, ensuring the safety and stability of the greening system under environmental changes, while simultaneously achieving synergy between ecological benefits and building functions.

[0003] Existing vertical greening systems suffer from several shortcomings, such as: limited supporting structure functionality, hindering effective utilization of solar energy and rainwater harvesting; lack of dynamic load adjustment capabilities in connection methods, failing to guarantee system stability under wind and rain / snow loads; poor water retention, nutrient supply, and drainage performance of the plant growth substrate, impacting plant growth; low water resource utilization efficiency, failing to establish an effective water cycle; poor stability of inter-module connections, lacking ecological improvement effects; and complex installation processes with difficulty in ensuring sealing, leading to low installation efficiency and potential leakage risks. Therefore, a modular, dynamic load-bearing vertical greening system capable of addressing these issues is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides the following technical solution: a modular dynamic load-bearing three-dimensional greening system, including a load-bearing frame, plant modules, prestressed connectors, multi-layer composite lightweight substrate, capillary bundles, ecological buffer zones and quick-installation interfaces. The load-bearing frame is fixed to the building facade or roof as a system support structure, with a flexible solar film integrated at the top and a water collection trough at the bottom.

[0005] The plant module is connected to the load-bearing frame through prestressed connectors. The module is equipped with a composite lightweight substrate and capillary bundles, and an ecological buffer zone is set between the modules.

[0006] The prestressed connectors are made of alloy steel and have a built-in dynamic load monitoring module and adaptive adjustment mechanism. They can dynamically adjust the prestress to distribute wind load and rain and snow load.

[0007] The multi-layer composite lightweight matrix consists of a water-retaining layer, a nutrient layer, and a drainage layer from top to bottom, with a superabsorbent polymer membrane embedded between the water-retaining layer and the nutrient layer.

[0008] The capillary bundle is connected to the water storage layer at the bottom of the module, and the water rises autonomously through surface tension. The water storage layer and the water collection tank form a water circulation system using a filtration device.

[0009] An ecological buffer zone is formed by a three-dimensional mesh anchoring structure with the root system of drought-resistant creeping plants between modules. Spiral grooves are set on the side walls of the modules to guide the directional growth of the roots, and the surface is sprayed with microbial agents.

[0010] The quick-install interface features a stainless steel spring clip and guide groove design, and is equipped with a magnetic auxiliary positioning device and a sealing self-test module to achieve blind module docking and automatic sealing detection.

[0011] Preferably, the load-bearing frame adopts a double-layer hollow truss structure, with the outer layer being anodized aluminum alloy profiles and the inner layer being embedded with carbon fiber reinforced composite material ribs. Three-dimensional adjustable supports are set at the frame nodes and connected to the main building through chemical anchors. The top of the frame integrates a flexible CIGS solar film and a photovoltaic inverter, and the bottom water collection tank has a built-in three-stage sedimentation and filtration device, including a primary grid, an activated carbon adsorption layer, and a ceramic membrane filter.

[0012] The construction of the load-bearing frame first adopts a double-layer hollow truss structure system. Anodized aluminum alloy profiles are precisely machined by CNC machine tools to serve as the outer frame. Pre-fabricated carbon fiber reinforced composite material ribs are embedded in the profile cavities to form the inner reinforcement structure. High-strength structural adhesive and stainless steel self-tapping screws are used to complete the double-layer material composite. Subsequently, three-dimensional adjustable supports are installed at the frame nodes. The support base plates are anchored to the main building structure using chemical anchors. After spatial six-degree-of-freedom calibration using a laser level, the adjusting bolts are tightened. A flexible CIGS solar film is unfolded at the top of the frame and sealed to the aluminum alloy profile using a hot-press welding process. A micro photovoltaic inverter is simultaneously deployed to achieve DC-AC conversion. When installing the bottom water collection tank, a primary filter layer is first laid to intercept large particles of impurities. An activated carbon adsorption layer is then stacked on top to remove dissolved organic matter. Finally, a ceramic membrane filter is embedded for micron-level particle filtration. The three-stage filtration device is assembled with the water collection tank body through snap-fit ​​quick connectors to form a complete rainwater collection and purification system.

[0013] Preferably, the plant modules are arranged in a regular hexagonal honeycomb pattern, and the modules are connected by mortise and tenon structures and prestressed connectors to form self-locking units; each module is divided into three planting chambers, which are respectively configured with drought-resistant shrub area, ground cover plant area and vertical climbing area. The bottom of the chamber is equipped with an intelligent irrigation system consisting of liquid level sensor and solenoid valve. The irrigation cycle is automatically adjusted by the Internet of Things platform according to the substrate moisture threshold.

[0014] The installation of the plant modules begins with the use of precision CNC machine tools to process a hexagonal honeycomb aluminum alloy frame. Anchor points on the building facade are then positioned using laser scanning. Adjacent modules are joined by mortise and tenon joints to form a self-locking structure. Inside each module, three independent planting chambers are constructed using 3D printing technology. Weather-resistant sealing strips are embedded in the chamber partitions, and each chamber is filled with a substrate formula specifically designed for drought-resistant shrubs, ground cover plants, and vertical climbing plants. A non-contact capacitive liquid level sensor is installed at the bottom of each chamber, forming a closed-loop control system with a miniature solenoid valve assembly. The irrigation network uses PE-RT pressure-resistant pipes laid in a serpentine pattern along the frame's back panel. It is interconnected with a building IoT platform via a LoRaWAN wireless module. When the substrate humidity sensor reading falls below a set threshold, the platform automatically triggers the solenoid valve to execute pulsed irrigation. The irrigation volume for each cycle is dynamically adjusted using AI algorithms based on plant species, growth cycle, and real-time weather data, simultaneously generating a water and fertilizer management curve on a mobile app.

[0015] Preferably, the adaptive adjustment mechanism includes a bridge-type step-down structure and a hydraulic buffer, the step-down surface is provided with a friction pendulum type vibration isolation support, and the hydraulic buffer has a built-in magnetorheological damper; the surface of the connecting parts is plated with a zinc-nickel alloy anti-corrosion layer.

[0016] The adaptive adjustment mechanism is based on a bridge-type stepped-down structure as its core framework, achieving load dispersion through a three-stage progressive design: the first-stage stepped-down structure uses trapezoidal cross-section steel components welded into a spatial truss system, utilizing geometric nonlinear deformation characteristics to transform concentrated loads into in-plane uniformly distributed forces; the second-stage stepped-down structure is equipped with friction pendulum type seismic isolation bearings, with the bearing sliding surfaces using PTFE-stainless steel friction pairs, combined with a spherical curved surface design to achieve three-dimensional seismic energy dissipation; the final-stage stepped-down structure integrates a hydraulic buffer system, with the main buffer adopting a double-cylinder structure, the inner cylinder filled with silicone oil-based magnetorheological fluid, and the outer cylinder equipped with a spiral magnetic field generating coil. The connecting parts are made of 35CrMo alloy steel forgings, which are CNC precision machined and then subjected to zinc-nickel alloy anti-corrosion treatment. The treatment process includes four steps: alkaline degreasing, hydrochloric acid activation, zinc-nickel alloy electroplating, and trivalent chromium passivation, ultimately forming an alloy coating. The entire mechanism is monitored in real time by a six-degree-of-freedom load sensor array, and an adaptive control law is constructed using Lyapunov stability theory.

[0017] Preferably, the water-retaining layer is made of a mixed matrix of vermiculite and expanded perlite, the nutrient layer contains slow-release fertilizer granules and biochar carrier, and the drainage layer is provided with a flow-guiding rib structure, which, together with the siphon drainage pipe at the bottom of the module, realizes gravity drainage.

[0018] The water-retaining layer is made of a mixture of vermiculite and expanded perlite. Vermiculite expands at high temperature to form a porous structure, while perlite is calcined to obtain honeycomb-like particles with expanded volume. The mixed matrix is ​​screened by a vibrating screen and filled using a layered compaction process to form the water-retaining layer. The nutrient layer uses biochar as a carrier. Rice husk-based biochar is slowly pyrolyzed to obtain a porous structure and mixed with slow-release fertilizer particles. The mixture is evenly filled into the middle of the module by a screw conveyor. The drainage layer is injection molded from HDPE material with spiral guide ribs on the surface. It is combined with a siphon drainage pipe pre-embedded at the bottom of the module. The drainage pipe uses the liquid level difference to form a siphon effect. Gravity drainage is automatically started through the water-sealed drainage outlet. The collected water is filtered by a primary filter and then flows back to the water collection tank to form a water circulation system.

[0019] Preferably, the capillary bundle is composed of a carbon fiber braided tube and a polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane, with a gradient change in tube diameter, and the surface is coated with a hydrophilic titanium dioxide nano-coating. The water storage layer is equipped with a liquid level monitoring float and a micro submersible pump, and the water replenishment flow rate is achieved through pulse width modulation technology.

[0020] The capillary bundle was first fabricated by processing carbon fiber bundles into a tapered mesh structure with varying diameters using a three-dimensional braiding machine. This structure was then composited with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microporous membrane via a reducing joint. The microporous membrane was formed into a honeycomb microporous structure using a biaxial stretching process, and the composite process was completed in a vacuum hot press. The surface of the bundle was coated with a hydrophilic titanium dioxide nano-coating using a sol-gel method. The precursor solution consisted of a mixture of tetrabutyl titanate and isopropanol. A micro submersible pump and a level monitoring float were installed in the water storage layer. The float had a built-in Hall sensor that triggered the submersible pump to start when the level dropped. The pump body used a brushless DC motor, and the input pulse width was adjusted by a PWM controller. This, combined with capillary pressure compensation holes formed by laser drilling at the end of the bundle, met the dynamic water requirements of different plant floras. The system's operating energy was supplied by a top-mounted flexible CIGS thin-film photovoltaic module, achieving energy self-sufficiency.

[0021] Preferably, the three-dimensional mesh anchoring structure is formed by the interwoven roots of Sedum lineare, Sedum sarmentosum, and ferns, and the groove is filled with planting soil containing polyacrylamide water-retaining agent; the microbial agent sprayed on the surface includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

[0022] Spiral guide grooves are prefabricated on the side wall of the module. The grooves are filled with lightweight planting soil containing polyacrylamide water-retaining agent. Sedum lineare, Sedum sarmentosum, and ferns are mixed and planted in the grooves. The tufted network root system of Sedum lineare forms a surface anchor, the stolons of Sedum sarmentosum extend horizontally, and the main roots of ferns penetrate the planting layer vertically. The root systems of the three plants form a three-dimensional network structure at the module joints through mechanical interlocking and chemical fusion. Combined with the gelation effect of polyacrylamide particles in the planting soil in the groove, the surface spraying process adopts a five-point atomization spraying method. The fungal agent of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mixed in proportion is sprayed. After spraying, laser scanning is used to monitor the uniformity of colony coverage.

[0023] Preferably, the buckle is provided with a hyperboloid contact structure, and the magnetic suction-assisted positioning device includes a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet and a Hall effect sensor; the sealing self-test module integrates a pressure sensor and a micro air pump;

[0024] The blind-installation docking and sealing test process of the quick-installation interface is as follows: The buckle adopts a hyperboloid contact structure design. When the modules are docked, the normal and tangential components of the hyperboloid contact point are coupled, so that the buckle automatically aligns along the guide groove. The magnetic auxiliary positioning device arranges neodymium iron boron permanent magnets at the four corners of the interface, which, together with the soft magnetic steel positioning pins preset in the building module, monitor the change of magnetic flux in real time through the Hall effect sensor. When the magnetic induction intensity reaches the preset threshold, the buckle locking signal is triggered. The sealing self-test module sets a miniature air pressure sensor inside the annular sealing ring of the interface. After docking, the miniature air pump injects compressed air into the sealing cavity. The air pressure sensor collects the pressure decay curve to ensure that the airtightness and watertightness of the modular system reach the IP67 protection level.

[0025] Preferably, the water collection tank is equipped with a rainwater management module, which includes a diversion device, an initial rainwater filter cartridge and a water storage module. The diversion device controls the opening and closing of the solenoid valve through a rain gauge. The initial rainwater filter cartridge has a built-in 304 stainless steel filter screen and a PP cotton filter element. The water storage module adopts a foldable PE soft water bag.

[0026] A rain gauge-linked diversion device is installed at the inlet of the rainwater collection tank. A tipping bucket rain gauge sensor monitors the rainfall intensity in real time. When the accumulated rainfall exceeds the limit, the built-in 2W-160-10 solenoid valve is triggered to open, directly discharging the initial rainwater into the municipal pipe network to prevent roof pollutants from entering the system. After diversion, the rainwater flows into the initial rainwater filter cylinder, which is made of 316L stainless steel and has a two-stage filtration system. The first stage is a 304 stainless steel filter screen to intercept large particles such as leaves, and the second stage is a PP cotton filter to remove suspended solids and organic pollutants. The filtered clean rainwater is injected into the water storage module, which uses a food-grade PE soft water bladder. The bladder is formed by hot-press welding to form a honeycomb-shaped reinforcing structure. An RFID liquid level chip is built-in to monitor the water level in real time. When the water level in the collection tank is low, the system automatically starts the water replenishment pump to draw water from the municipal pipe network to maintain the stability of the water circulation. The entire stormwater management process is interconnected with the building architecture system via the Modbus-TCP protocol to realize the fully automated control of the entire process of rainfall monitoring, water filtration, and water volume regulation.

[0027] Preferably, the dynamic load monitoring module integrates a fiber optic grating sensor and a MEMS accelerometer. The monitoring data is transmitted to the edge computing gateway via the LoRaWAN protocol. The gateway has a built-in machine learning algorithm to identify the wind vibration frequency and amplitude in real time.

[0028] Fiber Bragg grating sensors are deployed at key stress nodes of the load-bearing frame. Epoxy resin is used to adhere the sensors to the intersections of truss chords and web members. Wavelength encoding technology is used to monitor strain changes in real time, and the center wavelength offset of the sensor's reflection spectrum is converted into a digital signal by a demodulator. A triaxial MEMS accelerometer is integrated synchronously, installed at the module's center of gravity using a six-degree-of-freedom layout, and captures the time-domain waveform of acceleration via an I2C interface. Monitoring data is encrypted and transmitted via a LoRaWAN module to an edge computing gateway. The gateway is equipped with an NVIDIA Jetson AGX Xavier computing platform and incorporates a vibration recognition algorithm based on an LSTM neural network. This algorithm can extract time-frequency domain feature parameters in real time. When wind-induced vibration amplitude exceeds the module's design limit, the magnetorheological damper of the adaptive adjustment mechanism is triggered for active control. Simultaneously, early warning information is pushed to the building operation and maintenance platform via the MQTT protocol to ensure the structural safety of the system under dynamic loads.

[0029] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a modular dynamic load-bearing three-dimensional greening system, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] The plant modules are fixed to the building facade or roof as a supporting structure via a load-bearing frame. The top integrates a flexible solar film to utilize solar energy, while the bottom features a rainwater collection trough. The plant modules are connected to the load-bearing frame via prestressed connectors made of alloy steel and equipped with a dynamic load monitoring module and adaptive adjustment mechanism. These prestressed connectors dynamically adjust and distribute wind and rain / snow loads through prestressing, ensuring system stability. The plant modules contain a multi-layered composite lightweight substrate, consisting of a water-retaining layer, a nutrient layer, and a drainage layer from top to bottom. A superabsorbent polymer membrane is embedded between the water-retaining and nutrient layers to effectively retain water, provide nutrients, and drain water. Capillary bundles connect to the water storage layer at the bottom of the module, allowing water to be collected through the surface... Tension enables water to rise autonomously, and the water storage layer and collection tank use a filtration device to form a water cycle, improving water resource utilization. The ecological buffer zone is set with a three-dimensional mesh anchoring structure formed by the roots of drought-resistant creeping plants between modules. Spiral grooves are set on the side walls of the modules to guide the directional growth of the roots. The surface is sprayed with microbial agents, which enhances the connection stability between modules and helps to improve the ecological environment. The quick-installation interface adopts a stainless steel spring buckle and guide groove design, and adds a magnetic suction auxiliary positioning device and a sealing self-test module, which can realize blind installation and automatic sealing detection of modules, improving installation efficiency and sealing performance. The overall system structure is reasonable, and the various parts work together to achieve efficient, stable and convenient installation of vertical greening. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a system flowchart of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides the following technical solution: a modular dynamic load-bearing three-dimensional greening system, including a load-bearing frame, plant modules, prestressed connectors, multi-layer composite lightweight substrate, capillary bundles, ecological buffer zone and quick-installation interface. The load-bearing frame is fixed to the building facade or roof as the system support structure. The top is integrated with a flexible solar film and the bottom is equipped with a water collection trough.

[0034] The alloy steel load-bearing frame is fixed by chemical anchors or welding to ensure that its verticality and horizontality meet the design load requirements. Then, a flexible solar film is laid on the top of the frame and connected to the building's power system. A water collection tank is installed at the bottom and connected to the building's drainage system. At the same time, the frame structure is rust-proofed and the load sensor wiring is completed, and finally a base system with structural support and energy and water resource recycling functions is formed.

[0035] The plant module is connected to the load-bearing frame through prestressed connectors. The module is equipped with a composite lightweight substrate and capillary bundles, and an ecological buffer zone is set between the modules.

[0036] After the prestressed connectors are anchored to the load-bearing frame at the designed spacing, the modular planting units are quickly connected by spring clips and guide grooves. The interior of the module is filled with a drainage layer, a nutrient layer and a water-retaining layer from bottom to top, and a super absorbent polymer film is embedded between the layers. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and rooting promoters are sprayed into the spiral grooves on the side wall of the module. A three-dimensional ecological buffer zone is formed between adjacent modules by the interweaving of the roots of drought-resistant creeping plants. Finally, the water and fertilizer integrated pipeline network of the module array is pre-buried.

[0037] The prestressed connectors are made of alloy steel and have a built-in dynamic load monitoring module and adaptive adjustment mechanism. They can dynamically adjust the prestress to distribute wind load and rain and snow load.

[0038] The main body of the connector is made of high-strength alloy steel and integrates fiber optic grating sensors and hydraulic adaptive adjustment mechanisms. Initial prestress is applied and locked by tensioning jacks. The contact surface between the connector and the frame is provided with a PTFE sliding layer. When the dynamic load monitoring module detects that the wind vibration or snow load exceeds the limit, it triggers the hydraulic cylinder to automatically extend and retract to adjust the axial stiffness of the connector, so as to realize the gradient distribution of the load to the main body of the frame.

[0039] The multi-layer composite lightweight matrix consists of a water-retaining layer, a nutrient layer, and a drainage layer from top to bottom, with a superabsorbent polymer membrane embedded between the water-retaining layer and the nutrient layer.

[0040] A multi-layer composite lightweight matrix is ​​laid on top of a humus nutrient layer wrapped with slow-release fertilizer, and a modified bentonite water-retaining layer is covered on top. A potassium polyacrylate water-absorbing resin membrane is implanted at the interface between the layers. The membrane material and the matrix particles form a capillary bridging structure through a vacuum adsorption process. Finally, after being sterilized by gamma irradiation, it is sealed in a biodegradable ecological bag.

[0041] The capillary bundle is connected to the water storage layer at the bottom of the module, and the water rises autonomously through surface tension. The water storage layer and the water collection tank form a water circulation system using a filtration device.

[0042] Carbon fiber braided tubes and polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membranes are woven into a three-dimensional mesh structure. One end is inserted into the microporous ceramic permeable plate of the water storage layer at the bottom of the module, and the other end extends to the water retention layer. Micropores are formed on the fiber surface using laser drilling technology. By adjusting the porosity gradient, water can migrate autonomously along the surface tension gradient. The water storage layer is connected to the water collection tank through a PVC corrugated pipe. A quartz sand-activated carbon composite filter device is installed in the pipeline to form a closed-loop water circulation.

[0043] An ecological buffer zone is formed by a three-dimensional mesh anchoring structure with the root system of drought-resistant creeping plants between modules. Spiral grooves are set on the side walls of the modules to guide the directional growth of the roots, and the surface is sprayed with microbial agents.

[0044] Sedum lineare or creeping plants such as Sedum sarmentosum are sown at the joints of the modules, and coconut fiber netting is laid simultaneously to guide the roots to grow horizontally. The spiral grooves on the side walls of the modules are filled with a mixture of decomposed fungal residue and water-retaining agent. Microbial agents containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are sprayed through a high-pressure atomizing device. After the plant roots penetrate the grooves and form mechanical anchors, the temporary support structure is removed, and finally a three-dimensional ecological network with soil and water conservation and biological retention functions is constructed.

[0045] The quick-install interface features a stainless steel spring clip and guide groove design, and is equipped with a magnetic auxiliary positioning device and a sealing self-test module to achieve blind module installation and automatic sealing detection.

[0046] Wedge-shaped guide grooves are machined on the module mating surface and neodymium iron boron magnets are pre-embedded. The stainless steel spring buckle adopts a double crank slider mechanism design. When the module is pushed in along the guide groove, the magnetic attraction helps to overcome the initial frictional resistance, and the buckle automatically pops into the positioning hole at the end of the stroke. Pressure-sensitive conductive rubber is embedded in the interface sealing ring. When uneven contact pressure distribution is detected, a micro air pump is triggered to perform zoned inflation compensation on the sealing gasket. At the same time, the sealing status data is transmitted to the operation and maintenance platform via Bluetooth module.

[0047] The load-bearing frame adopts a double-layer hollow truss structure. The outer layer is made of anodized aluminum alloy profiles, and the inner layer is inlaid with carbon fiber reinforced composite material ribs. Three-dimensional adjustable supports are set at the frame nodes and connected to the main building through chemical anchors. The top of the frame integrates flexible CIGS solar thin film and photovoltaic inverter. The bottom water collection tank has a built-in three-stage sedimentation and filtration device, including a primary grid, an activated carbon adsorption layer and a ceramic membrane filter.

[0048] The construction of the load-bearing frame first adopts a double-layer hollow truss structure system. Anodized aluminum alloy profiles are precisely machined by CNC machine tools to serve as the outer frame. Pre-fabricated carbon fiber reinforced composite material ribs are embedded in the profile cavities to form the inner reinforcement structure. High-strength structural adhesive and stainless steel self-tapping screws are used to complete the double-layer material composite. Subsequently, three-dimensional adjustable supports are installed at the frame nodes. The support base plates are anchored to the main building structure using chemical anchors. After spatial six-degree-of-freedom calibration using a laser level, the adjusting bolts are tightened. A flexible CIGS solar film is unfolded at the top of the frame and sealed to the aluminum alloy profile using a hot-press welding process. A micro photovoltaic inverter is simultaneously deployed to achieve DC-AC conversion. When installing the bottom water collection tank, a primary filter layer is first laid to intercept large particles of impurities. An activated carbon adsorption layer is then stacked on top to remove dissolved organic matter. Finally, a ceramic membrane filter is embedded for micron-level particle filtration. The three-stage filtration device is assembled with the water collection tank body through snap-fit ​​quick connectors to form a complete rainwater collection and purification system.

[0049] The plant modules are arranged in a regular hexagonal honeycomb pattern, and the modules are connected by mortise and tenon structures and prestressed connectors to form self-locking units. Each module is divided into three planting chambers, which are respectively configured with drought-resistant shrub area, ground cover plant area and vertical climbing area. The bottom of the chamber is equipped with an intelligent irrigation system consisting of liquid level sensor and solenoid valve. The irrigation cycle is automatically adjusted according to the substrate moisture threshold through the Internet of Things platform.

[0050] The installation of the plant modules begins with the use of precision CNC machine tools to process a hexagonal honeycomb aluminum alloy frame. Anchor points on the building facade are then positioned using laser scanning. Adjacent modules are joined by mortise and tenon joints to form a self-locking structure. Inside each module, three independent planting chambers are constructed using 3D printing technology. Weather-resistant sealing strips are embedded in the chamber partitions, and each chamber is filled with a substrate formula specifically designed for drought-resistant shrubs, ground cover plants, and vertical climbing plants. A non-contact capacitive liquid level sensor is installed at the bottom of each chamber, forming a closed-loop control system with a miniature solenoid valve assembly. The irrigation network uses PE-RT pressure-resistant pipes laid in a serpentine pattern along the frame's back panel. It is interconnected with a building IoT platform via a LoRaWAN wireless module. When the substrate humidity sensor reading falls below a set threshold, the platform automatically triggers the solenoid valve to execute pulsed irrigation. The irrigation volume for each cycle is dynamically adjusted using AI algorithms based on plant species, growth cycle, and real-time weather data, simultaneously generating a water and fertilizer management curve on a mobile app.

[0051] The adaptive adjustment mechanism includes a bridge-type step-down structure and a hydraulic buffer. The step-down surface is equipped with a friction pendulum type vibration isolation support, and the hydraulic buffer has a built-in magnetorheological damper. The surface of the connecting parts is plated with a zinc-nickel alloy anti-corrosion layer.

[0052] The adaptive adjustment mechanism is based on a bridge-type stepped-down structure as its core framework, achieving load dispersion through a three-stage progressive design: the first-stage stepped-down structure uses trapezoidal cross-section steel components welded into a spatial truss system, utilizing geometric nonlinear deformation characteristics to transform concentrated loads into in-plane uniformly distributed forces; the second-stage stepped-down structure is equipped with friction pendulum type seismic isolation bearings, with the bearing sliding surfaces using PTFE-stainless steel friction pairs, combined with a spherical curved surface design to achieve three-dimensional seismic energy dissipation; the final-stage stepped-down structure integrates a hydraulic buffer system, with the main buffer adopting a double-cylinder structure, the inner cylinder filled with silicone oil-based magnetorheological fluid, and the outer cylinder equipped with a spiral magnetic field generating coil. The connecting parts are made of 35CrMo alloy steel forgings, which are CNC precision machined and then subjected to zinc-nickel alloy anti-corrosion treatment. The treatment process includes four steps: alkaline degreasing, hydrochloric acid activation, zinc-nickel alloy electroplating, and trivalent chromium passivation, ultimately forming an alloy coating. The entire mechanism is monitored in real time by a six-degree-of-freedom load sensor array, and an adaptive control law is constructed using Lyapunov stability theory.

[0053] The water-retaining layer uses a mixed matrix of vermiculite and expanded perlite, the nutrient layer contains slow-release fertilizer granules and biochar carrier, and the drainage layer is equipped with a flow-guiding rib structure, which, together with the siphon drainage pipe at the bottom of the module, achieves gravity drainage.

[0054] The water-retaining layer is made of a mixture of vermiculite and expanded perlite. Vermiculite expands at high temperature to form a porous structure, while perlite is calcined to obtain honeycomb-like particles with expanded volume. The mixed matrix is ​​screened by a vibrating screen and filled using a layered compaction process to form the water-retaining layer. The nutrient layer uses biochar as a carrier. Rice husk-based biochar is slowly pyrolyzed to obtain a porous structure and mixed with slow-release fertilizer particles. The mixture is evenly filled into the middle of the module by a screw conveyor. The drainage layer is injection molded from HDPE material with spiral guide ribs on the surface. It is combined with a siphon drainage pipe pre-embedded at the bottom of the module. The drainage pipe uses the liquid level difference to form a siphon effect. Gravity drainage is automatically started through the water-sealed drainage outlet. The collected water is filtered by a primary filter and then flows back to the water collection tank to form a water circulation system.

[0055] The capillary bundle is composed of carbon fiber braided tube and polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane, with a gradient change in tube diameter. The surface is coated with a hydrophilic titanium dioxide nano-coating. The water storage layer is equipped with a liquid level monitoring float and a micro submersible pump. The water replenishment flow rate is achieved through pulse width modulation technology.

[0056] The capillary bundle was first fabricated by processing carbon fiber bundles into a tapered mesh structure with varying diameters using a three-dimensional braiding machine. This structure was then composited with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microporous membrane via a reducing joint. The microporous membrane was formed into a honeycomb microporous structure using a biaxial stretching process, and the composite process was completed in a vacuum hot press. The surface of the bundle was coated with a hydrophilic titanium dioxide nano-coating using a sol-gel method. The precursor solution consisted of a mixture of tetrabutyl titanate and isopropanol. A micro submersible pump and a level monitoring float were installed in the water storage layer. The float had a built-in Hall sensor that triggered the submersible pump to start when the level dropped. The pump body used a brushless DC motor, and the input pulse width was adjusted by a PWM controller. This, combined with capillary pressure compensation holes formed by laser drilling at the end of the bundle, met the dynamic water requirements of different plant floras. The system's operating energy was supplied by a top-mounted flexible CIGS thin-film photovoltaic module, achieving energy self-sufficiency.

[0057] The three-dimensional mesh anchoring structure is formed by the interwoven roots of Sedum lineare, Sedum sarmentosum, and ferns. The trench is filled with planting soil containing polyacrylamide water-retaining agent. The surface is sprayed with microbial agents including Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

[0058] Spiral guide grooves are prefabricated on the side wall of the module. The grooves are filled with lightweight planting soil containing polyacrylamide water-retaining agent. Sedum lineare, Sedum sarmentosum, and ferns are mixed and planted in the grooves. The tufted network root system of Sedum lineare forms a surface anchor, the stolons of Sedum sarmentosum extend horizontally, and the main roots of ferns penetrate the planting layer vertically. The root systems of the three plants form a three-dimensional network structure at the module joints through mechanical interlocking and chemical fusion. Combined with the gelation effect of polyacrylamide particles in the planting soil in the groove, the surface spraying process adopts a five-point atomization spraying method. The fungal agent of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mixed in proportion is sprayed. After spraying, laser scanning is used to monitor the uniformity of colony coverage.

[0059] The buckle features a hyperboloid contact structure, and the magnetic auxiliary positioning device includes a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet and a Hall effect sensor; the sealing self-test module integrates a pressure sensor and a miniature air pump.

[0060] The blind-installation docking and sealing test process of the quick-installation interface is as follows: The buckle adopts a hyperboloid contact structure design. When the modules are docked, the normal and tangential components of the hyperboloid contact point are coupled, so that the buckle automatically aligns along the guide groove. The magnetic auxiliary positioning device arranges neodymium iron boron permanent magnets at the four corners of the interface, which, together with the soft magnetic steel positioning pins preset in the building module, monitor the change of magnetic flux in real time through the Hall effect sensor. When the magnetic induction intensity reaches the preset threshold, the buckle locking signal is triggered. The sealing self-test module sets a miniature air pressure sensor inside the annular sealing ring of the interface. After docking, the miniature air pump injects compressed air into the sealing cavity. The air pressure sensor collects the pressure decay curve to ensure that the airtightness and watertightness of the modular system reach the IP67 protection level.

[0061] The rainwater collection tank is equipped with a stormwater management module, which includes a diversion device, an initial rainwater filter cartridge, and a water storage module. The diversion device controls the opening and closing of the solenoid valve through a rain gauge. The initial rainwater filter cartridge has a built-in 304 stainless steel filter screen and PP cotton filter element. The water storage module uses a foldable PE soft water bladder.

[0062] A rain gauge-linked diversion device is installed at the inlet of the rainwater collection tank. A tipping bucket rain gauge sensor monitors the rainfall intensity in real time. When the accumulated rainfall exceeds the limit, the built-in 2W-160-10 solenoid valve is triggered to open, directly discharging the initial rainwater into the municipal pipe network to prevent roof pollutants from entering the system. After diversion, the rainwater flows into the initial rainwater filter cylinder, which is made of 316L stainless steel and has a two-stage filtration system. The first stage is a 304 stainless steel filter screen to intercept large particles such as leaves, and the second stage is a PP cotton filter to remove suspended solids and organic pollutants. The filtered clean rainwater is injected into the water storage module, which uses a food-grade PE soft water bladder. The bladder is formed by hot-press welding to form a honeycomb-shaped reinforcing structure. An RFID liquid level chip is built-in to monitor the water level in real time. When the water level in the collection tank is low, the system automatically starts the water replenishment pump to draw water from the municipal pipe network to maintain the stability of the water circulation. The entire stormwater management process is interconnected with the building architecture system via the Modbus-TCP protocol to realize the fully automated control of the entire process of rainfall monitoring, water filtration, and water volume regulation.

[0063] The dynamic load monitoring module integrates fiber optic grating sensors and MEMS accelerometers. The monitoring data is transmitted to the edge computing gateway via the LoRaWAN protocol. The gateway has a built-in machine learning algorithm to identify the wind vibration frequency and amplitude in real time.

[0064] Fiber Bragg grating sensors are deployed at key stress nodes of the load-bearing frame. Epoxy resin is used to adhere the sensors to the intersections of truss chords and web members. Wavelength encoding technology is used to monitor strain changes in real time, and the center wavelength offset of the sensor's reflection spectrum is converted into a digital signal by a demodulator. A triaxial MEMS accelerometer is integrated synchronously, installed at the module's center of gravity using a six-degree-of-freedom layout, and captures the time-domain waveform of acceleration via an I2C interface. Monitoring data is encrypted and transmitted via a LoRaWAN module to an edge computing gateway. The gateway is equipped with an NVIDIA Jetson AGX Xavier computing platform and incorporates a vibration recognition algorithm based on an LSTM neural network. This algorithm can extract time-frequency domain feature parameters in real time. When wind-induced vibration amplitude exceeds the module's design limit, the magnetorheological damper of the adaptive adjustment mechanism is triggered for active control. Simultaneously, early warning information is pushed to the building operation and maintenance platform via the MQTT protocol to ensure the structural safety of the system under dynamic loads.

[0065] The plant modules are fixed to the building facade or roof as a supporting structure via a load-bearing frame. The top integrates a flexible solar film to utilize solar energy, while the bottom features a rainwater collection trough. The plant modules are connected to the load-bearing frame via prestressed connectors made of alloy steel and equipped with a dynamic load monitoring module and adaptive adjustment mechanism. These prestressed connectors dynamically adjust and distribute wind and rain / snow loads through prestressing, ensuring system stability. The plant modules contain a multi-layered composite lightweight substrate, consisting of a water-retaining layer, a nutrient layer, and a drainage layer from top to bottom. A superabsorbent polymer membrane is embedded between the water-retaining and nutrient layers to effectively retain water, provide nutrients, and drain water. Capillary bundles connect to the water storage layer at the bottom of the module, allowing water to be collected through the surface... Tension enables water to rise autonomously, and the water storage layer and collection tank use a filtration device to form a water cycle, improving water resource utilization. The ecological buffer zone is set with a three-dimensional mesh anchoring structure formed by the roots of drought-resistant creeping plants between modules. Spiral grooves are set on the side walls of the modules to guide the directional growth of the roots. The surface is sprayed with microbial agents, which enhances the connection stability between modules and helps to improve the ecological environment. The quick-installation interface adopts a stainless steel spring buckle and guide groove design, and adds a magnetic suction auxiliary positioning device and a sealing self-test module, which can realize blind installation and automatic sealing detection of modules, improving installation efficiency and sealing performance. The overall system structure is reasonable, and the various parts work together to achieve efficient, stable and convenient installation of vertical greening.

[0066] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0067] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A modular dynamic load vertical greening system, characterized in that, It includes a load-bearing frame, plant modules, prestressed connectors, multi-layer composite lightweight substrate, capillary bundles, ecological buffer zone and quick-installation interface. The load-bearing frame is fixed to the building facade or roof as a system support structure. The top is integrated with a flexible solar film and the bottom is equipped with a water collection tank. The plant module is connected to the load-bearing frame through prestressed connectors. The module is equipped with a composite lightweight substrate and capillary bundles, and an ecological buffer zone is set between the modules. The prestressed connectors are made of alloy steel and have a built-in dynamic load monitoring module and adaptive adjustment mechanism. The prestressing dynamically adjusts and disperses wind load and rain and snow load. The adaptive adjustment mechanism includes a bridge-type stepped-down structure and a hydraulic buffer. Friction pendulum type seismic isolation bearings are set on the stepped-down surface. The hydraulic buffer has a built-in magnetorheological damper. The surface of the connectors is plated with a zinc-nickel alloy anti-corrosion layer. The dynamic load monitoring module integrates fiber optic grating sensors and MEMS accelerometers. The monitoring data is transmitted to the edge computing gateway via the LoRaWAN protocol. The gateway has a built-in machine learning algorithm to identify the wind vibration frequency and amplitude in real time. The multi-layer composite lightweight matrix consists of a water-retaining layer, a nutrient layer, and a drainage layer from top to bottom, with a superabsorbent polymer membrane embedded between the water-retaining layer and the nutrient layer. The capillary bundle is connected to the water storage layer at the bottom of the module, and the water rises autonomously through surface tension. The water storage layer and the water collection tank form a water circulation system using a filtration device. An ecological buffer zone is formed by a three-dimensional mesh anchoring structure with the root system of drought-resistant creeping plants between modules. Spiral grooves are set on the side walls of the modules to guide the directional growth of the roots, and the surface is sprayed with microbial agents. The quick-install interface features a stainless steel spring clip and guide groove design, and adds a magnetic auxiliary positioning device and a sealing self-test module to achieve blind module docking and automatic sealing detection. The clip has a hyperboloid contact structure, and the magnetic auxiliary positioning device includes a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet and a Hall effect sensor. The sealing self-test module integrates a pressure sensor and a miniature air pump.

2. The modular dynamic load-bearing three-dimensional greening system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The load-bearing frame adopts a double-layer hollow truss structure. The outer layer is made of anodized aluminum alloy profile, and the inner layer is inlaid with carbon fiber reinforced composite material ribs. Three-dimensional adjustable supports are set at the frame nodes and connected to the main building through chemical anchors. The top of the frame integrates a flexible CIGS solar film and a photovoltaic inverter, and the bottom water collection tank has a built-in three-stage sedimentation and filtration device, including a primary grid, an activated carbon adsorption layer and a ceramic membrane filter.

3. The modular dynamic load vertical greenery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant modules are arranged in a regular hexagonal honeycomb pattern, and the modules are connected by mortise and tenon structures and prestressed connectors to form self-locking units. Each module is divided into three planting chambers, which are respectively configured with drought-resistant shrub area, ground cover plant area and vertical climbing area. The bottom of the chamber is equipped with an intelligent irrigation system consisting of liquid level sensor and solenoid valve. The irrigation cycle is automatically adjusted by the Internet of Things platform according to the substrate moisture threshold.

4. The modular dynamic load-bearing three-dimensional greening system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-retaining layer uses a mixed matrix of vermiculite and expanded perlite, the nutrient layer contains slow-release fertilizer granules and biochar carrier, and the drainage layer is equipped with a flow-guiding rib structure, which, together with the siphon drainage pipe at the bottom of the module, achieves gravity drainage.

5. The modular dynamic load vertical greenery system according to claim 1, wherein: The capillary bundle is composed of carbon fiber braided tube and polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane, with a gradient in tube diameter. The surface is coated with a hydrophilic titanium dioxide nano-coating. The water storage layer is equipped with a liquid level monitoring float and a micro submersible pump. The water replenishment flow rate is achieved through pulse width modulation technology.

6. The modular dynamic load vertical greenery system according to claim 1, wherein: The three-dimensional mesh anchoring structure is formed by the interwoven roots of Sedum lineare, Sedum sarmentosum and ferns, and the trench is filled with planting soil containing polyacrylamide water-retaining agent; the microbial agent sprayed on the surface includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

7. The modular dynamic load vertical greenery system according to claim 1, wherein: The water collection tank is equipped with a rainwater management module, which includes a diversion device, an initial rainwater filter cartridge, and a water storage module. The diversion device controls the opening and closing of the solenoid valve through a rain gauge. The initial rainwater filter cartridge has a built-in 304 stainless steel filter screen and a PP cotton filter element. The water storage module uses a foldable PE soft water bag.

Images