A three-dimensional ecological environment protection method for coal mining

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of coal mining three-dimensional ecological environment protection method. It relates to coal mining and ecological environment protection technical field, including, S1. the ore body occurrence condition investigation is implemented to the mining area to be mined, according to the ore body occurrence condition investigation result, mining area, dumping area and buffer protection zone are divided, and three-dimensional ecological environment database containing space coordinates and ecological index is established;S2. in the mining process, the soil is stripped in the order of humus layer, plough layer and parent material layer, and each layer of soil is transported to the closed functional soil storage for storage. The coal mining three-dimensional ecological environment protection method significantly shortens the ecological restoration period and improves the agricultural and landscape value of the reclaimed land in the mining area, realizing the long-term stability and sustainable development of green mine.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of coal mining and ecological environment protection, in particular to a three-dimensional ecological environment protection method for coal mining. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the traditional coal mining process, common ecological environment protection measures mainly include topsoil stripping and backfilling, ecological barrier construction in gangue stacking area, and simple planar vegetation restoration. After topsoil stripping, backfilling is usually carried out after the end of mining to restore the original terrain as much as possible; dustproof nets, sedimentation zones and ecological isolation belts are often set up around the gangue stacking area to reduce dust flying and acid wastewater overflow; in addition, preliminary greening coverage is achieved by leveling the ground, laying geotextiles and sowing local common herbs or shrubs. These measures alleviate the problems of surface damage, soil erosion and pollution diffusion in the goaf to a certain extent, and realize the basic mode of "mining first, filling later, treatment first, greening later" in the coal mine park.

[0003] However, the above technical means are mostly single-layer and single-element management, and cannot form a three-dimensional system for the coordinated protection of surface-soil-groundwater-biodiversity. After topsoil backfilling, the soil structure is loose, nutrient loss is serious, vegetation survival rate is low and the recovery period is long; simple planar greening ignores the reconstruction of ecological microtopography and hydrological conditions, and it is difficult to restore regional ecological functions and landscape diversity, and it is difficult to meet the needs of sustainable development of green mines. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a three-dimensional ecological environment protection method for coal mining, which solves the problem of how to construct a coal mining ecological restoration system for the coordinated protection of surface-soil-groundwater-biodiversity through hierarchical stripping and closed storage, hierarchical backfilling and mixing of functional media, microtopography capillary terrace impoundment, and configuration and dynamic monitoring iteration of arbor-shrub-herb three-dimensional vegetation.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application is implemented by the following technical scheme: a three-dimensional ecological environment protection method for coal mining, comprising:

[0006] S1. Carrying out ore body occurrence condition investigation on the mining area to be mined, dividing the mining area into mining area, dumping area and buffer protection area according to the ore body occurrence condition investigation results, and establishing a three-dimensional ecological environment database containing spatial coordinates and ecological indexes;

[0007] S2. Stripping the soil in the order of humus layer, plough layer and parent material layer during mining, and conveying each layer of soil to a closed functional soil warehouse for storage to maintain the original aggregate structure and nutrient element activity;

[0008] S3. After mining is completed, the goaf is first backfilled with consolidated waste rock to form a load-bearing and stable bottom layer. The parent material layer and the topsoil layer are laid on the load-bearing and stable bottom layer in sequence, and biochar, mineral coagulant and compound microbial agent are mixed in a preset ratio to restore the soil pore structure, water retention and nutrient cycle.

[0009] S4. Using three-dimensional laser leveling combined with total station precision finishing, the backfilled surface is shaped into a continuous curved surface of micro-hills-depressions-terraces. A three-level particle gradient is laid in the 0-50cm surface layer in the order of coarse sand-medium sand-loam to construct an artificial terraced infiltration body with capillary siphon function, realizing the coupling of runoff regulation-infiltration-replenishment.

[0010] S5. Plant native plant communities in a three-dimensional structure of trees-shrubs-herbs to form a continuous canopy and root network; conduct annual monitoring of vegetation growth, groundwater quality and biodiversity index using ground sensing and remote sensing technologies, and iteratively adjust vegetation configuration and soil improvement parameters based on the monitoring results.

[0011] Preferably, the ore body occurrence condition survey includes surface morphology survey, soil profile survey, groundwater level survey, and biodiversity baseline survey.

[0012] Preferably, the three-dimensional ecological environment database also includes soil moisture retention characteristics, which are derived using the van Genuchten unsaturated soil moisture curve model.

[0013]

[0014] in, The matrix suction is Volumetric water content at that time This refers to the residual moisture content. This is the saturated water content. This is the curve steepness parameter. This is the aperture distribution index.

[0015] Preferably, the sealed functional soil storage adopts a zoned soil storage structure, and each soil storage is equipped with a temperature and humidity dual closed-loop control system to stabilize the storage temperature of the humus layer soil at 5℃-15℃ and maintain the moisture content between 20%-25%.

[0016] Preferably, the parameters of the third-order particle gradient are:

[0017] The coarse sand layer has a particle size of 1.0mm-2.0mm and a thickness of 15cm.

[0018] The medium sand layer has a particle size of 0.2mm-1.0mm and a thickness of 10cm.

[0019] The soil layer has a particle size of ≤0.05mm and a thickness of 25cm.

[0020] Preferably, the runoff storage performance of the artificial terrace storage body satisfies the improved Green-Ampt infiltration-storage-retention model, and the model formula is:

[0021]

[0022] wherein, is the storage depth, is the saturated hydraulic conductivity, is the rainfall duration, is the wetting front suction, is the difference between the volume water content before and after wetting.

[0023] Preferably, the artificial terrace storage body realizes runoff storage rate of 40-60% in the rainy season and increases root zone water content by 15-20% in the dry season through storage-recharge-supply coupling.

[0024] Preferably, the configuration density of the arbor-shrub-herb three-dimensional structure is:

[0025] arbor 625 plants·hm -2 , row spacing 4m x plant spacing 4m;

[0026] shrub 10000 plants·hm -2 , row spacing 1m x plant spacing 1m;

[0027] herb seeding amount 15kg·hm -2 .

[0028] The present application provides a coal mining three-dimensional ecological environment protection method. Has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The coal mining three-dimensional ecological environment protection method breaks the traditional coal mine reclamation which stays in the "surface backfill + single greening" governance paradigm, and through the six-in-one process of "stratified stripping - functional soil bank - graded backfill - micro-topography-hydrology coupling - three-dimensional vegetation configuration - dynamic monitoring", the surface morphology remodeling, soil physicochemical repair, underground water supply regulation and control and biological diversity improvement are organically linked, and a three-dimensional ecological protection system of surface-soil-underground water-vegetation multi-element cooperation is constructed. Especially, S4 introduces three-dimensional laser flattening and particle gradient capillary terrace technology, which can realize runoff storage, capillary recharge and closed-loop hydrological regulation and control of underground supply in the 0-50 cm surface layer, significantly improve the rain season storage capacity and dry season water retention performance compared with the existing plane backfill mode, and provide stable water and nutrient support for rapid layering of vegetation.

[0030] Under the combined action of soil structure reconstruction, biochar-microorganism combined improvement and local tree-shrub-grass three-dimensional community, the porosity, water holding capacity and available nutrient content of the backfill soil are simultaneously improved, and the vegetation survival rate and coverage are greatly improved. Overall, this method can increase the rainwater runoff storage rate of the goaf to 40-60% in the rainy season, increase the root zone water content by 15-20% in the dry season, and reduce the heavy metal migration flux by more than 70%, significantly shortening the ecological restoration period and improving the agricultural and landscape value of the reclaimed land in the mining area, realizing the long-term stability and sustainable development of the green mine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 is a flowchart for realizing the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the application.

[0033] As Figure 1 shown, the embodiment of the application provides a three-dimensional ecological environment protection method for coal mining, which comprises the following steps: S1. Investigating the ore body occurrence conditions of the mining area to be mined, dividing the mining area into a mining area, a dumping area and a buffer protection area according to the investigation results of the ore body occurrence conditions, and establishing a three-dimensional ecological environment database containing spatial coordinates and ecological indexes. The investigation of the ore body occurrence conditions includes investigation of the surface morphology, investigation of the soil profile, investigation of the underground water level and baseline investigation of the biodiversity.

[0034] The three-dimensional ecological environment database further comprises soil water retention characteristics, and the soil water retention characteristics are obtained by using a van Genuchten unsaturated soil water curve model:

[0035]

[0036] wherein, is the volumetric water content when the matrix suction is , is the residual water content, is the saturated water content, is the curve steepness parameter, is the pore size distribution index.

[0037] The specific implementation is as follows:

[0038] Taking a mining area of 120 hm 2 as an example.

[0039] ​Landform survey:

[0040] Method: UAV oblique photography + DGPS measurement.

[0041] Grid interval: 10 m × 10 m, contour interval 5 m.

[0042] Result: Average slope 2.8°, maximum slope 7.5°; main landform types are gentle slope, platform, and residual slope.

[0043] Soil profile survey:

[0044] Distribution: 3 profiles every 500 m along the ore body axis, total 72 points.

[0045] Layer thickness and organic matter content:

[0046] 0–20 cm: loam, organic matter 6.8%.

[0047] 20–40 cm: loam, organic matter 3.5%.

[0048] 40–80 cm: sandy loam, organic matter 1.1%.

[0049] Groundwater level survey:

[0050] Monitoring wells: 15 in total in the mining area edge and buffer zone.

[0051] Static water depth: average 14.6 m, annual fluctuation ± 0.4 m.

[0052] Biodiversity baseline survey:

[0053] Method: vegetation quadrat + infrared camera fixed-point monitoring.

[0054] Result: 22 families, 56 genera, and 83 species of ground cover plants; 5 species of mammals and 12 species of birds; average Shannon H' 2.31.

[0055] Three-dimensional ecological environment database construction:

[0056] Spatial framework: 10 m × 10 m × 5 m grid three-dimensional terrain model.

[0057] Field examples: elevation, slope, aspect, layer thickness and organic matter content, groundwater depth, biodiversity index.

[0058] Soil water retention property test results:

[0059] Test points: 8 representative profiles were selected.

[0060] Key parameters:

[0061] Residual water content: 0.05 m 3 / m3 .

[0062] Saturation moisture content: 0.42 m 3 / m 3 .

[0063] Steepness of curve parameter: 0.08 cm -1 .

[0064] Pore size distribution exponent: 1.5.

[0065] Goodness of fit: 0.97.

[0066] S2. During the mining process, the soil is stripped in the order of humus layer, plough layer and parent material layer, and each layer of soil is transported to a closed functional soil warehouse for storage to maintain the original aggregate structure and nutrient element activity. The closed functional soil warehouse adopts a partitioned soil bin structure, each soil bin is provided with a temperature and humidity double closed loop control system, the storage temperature of the humus layer soil is stabilized at 5-15°C, and the moisture content is maintained at 20-25%.

[0067] The specific implementation is as follows:

[0068] Soil layer stripping parameters:

[0069] Humus layer thickness: average 0-20 cm, stripping thickness 0.20 m.

[0070] Plough layer thickness: average 20-40 cm, stripping thickness 0.20 m.

[0071] Parent material layer thickness: average 40-80 cm, stripping thickness 0.40 m.

[0072] Stripping machinery: 3 units of 50t excavators, stripping rate 0.4 hm 2 / d.

[0073] Daily stripping amount: humus layer about 8000 m 3 / day, plough layer about 8000 m 3 / day, parent material layer about 16000 m 3 / day.

[0074] Soil transportation and distribution:

[0075] Transportation equipment: 6 units of 30t self-unloading trucks for circular transportation, average single trip 2km.

[0076] Distribution path: each excavator corresponds to 2 trucks, ensuring that the transportation cycle is about 20min.

[0077] Transportation amount control: under the full load condition of the truck, the single transportation of the humus layer soil is 30 m 3 , and the daily average round trip is 10 times.

[0078] Partitioned soil bin arrangement:

[0079] Number of soil bins: A total of 6 functional soil bins are provided, which store humus layer, plough layer and parent material layer respectively.

[0080] Single bin volume: about 5000m per bin 3 , total storage capacity 30000m 3 .

[0081] Layout distance: The soil bins are arranged near the edge of the stripping area, with the farthest distance not exceeding 500m, to reduce transportation energy consumption.

[0082] Temperature and humidity double closed-loop control system:

[0083] Temperature control equipment: Each bin is equipped with 2 imported constant temperature cabinets, with temperature setting range of 5°C-15°C and control accuracy of ±0.5°C.

[0084] Humidity control equipment: ultrasonic atomizing humidifier and automatic dehumidification device are equipped, with target relative humidity of 60%-75%, and soil moisture content monitoring probe reads soil moisture content every 6h, and closed-loop adjustment is made to ensure that the moisture content is always maintained at 20%-25%.

[0085] Monitoring and alarm: temperature and humidity sensors upload data to the field control cabinet every 10 minutes, and when the set range is exceeded, the cooling and heating source or dehumidification system is automatically started, and an alarm is given in the central control room.

[0086] Native structure and nutrient retention:

[0087] Aggregate retention: After stripping, the soil is directly put into the bin without secondary turning, and the thickness of each layer of soil is maintained at ≤0.2m, and the maximum aggregate diameter can reach 8cm.

[0088] Nutrient detection: 3 sampling points are provided in each bin, and the organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus content are detected once a month, and the initial retention rate of organic matter in the humus layer is 95%, and it is not less than 90% within six months.

[0089] S3. After the mining is completed, the mined-out area is first backfilled with consolidated waste rock to form a load-bearing stable bottom layer, and the parent material layer and plough layer are sequentially laid on the load-bearing stable bottom layer, and biochar, mineral coagulant and composite microbial agent are mixed according to the preset proportion, to restore the soil pore structure, water holding capacity and nutrient circulation.

[0090] The specific implementation is as follows:

[0091] Backfill of load-bearing stable bottom layer:

[0092] Material source: broken waste rock near the mined-out area, with broken stone content ≥90%.

[0093] Backfill thickness: 0.8m, evenly laid in 3 layers, with each layer thickness of about 0.27m.

[0094] Compaction method: 90kN vibrating roller, 3 times, 3mm amplitude, 2km / h speed.

[0095] Construction result: average dry density 1.80g / cm 3 , porosity ≈25%, bearing capacity ≥200kPa, meeting the requirements of subsequent planting and construction machinery traffic.

[0096] Parent layer laying:

[0097] Material: parent layer soil reserved on site, weathered and sieved, organic matter content 1.1%.

[0098] Laying thickness: 0.30m, using land leveler to push flat, uniformity ≤2cm.

[0099] Density: static filling using 15t rammer compactor, 2 times, reaching dry density 1.30g / cm 3 , moisture content 20%.

[0100] Laying of tillage layer and medium mixing:

[0101] Material: tillage layer soil stripped on site, particle size <2mm, organic matter content 3.5%.

[0102] Laying thickness: 0.30m, using tracked tractor for finishing.

[0103] Additive ratio:

[0104] Biochar: 5%.

[0105] Mineral coagulant: 1%.

[0106] Compound microbial agent: 0.2%.

[0107] Mixing method: using tracked soil mixer, low-speed back-and-forth mixing 3 times, ensuring that the additives are fully and uniformly mixed with the soil.

[0108] Repair effect monitoring:

[0109] Pore structure: porosity increased from 30% before mixing to 42% after mixing.

[0110] Water holding capacity: maximum water holding capacity increased from 25% to 35%.

[0111] Organic matter content: increased from 3.5% to 4.8%.

[0112] Nutrient cycling: soil available phosphorus increased by 20mg / kg. Simulated daily nitrogen mineralization rate increased by 15%.

[0113] S4. Adopting three-dimensional laser flattening combined with total station fine adjustment, the backfill surface is shaped into a continuous surface of micro-hills, depressions and terraces, and a three-level particle gradient of coarse sand, medium sand and loam is laid in the 0-50 cm surface layer in sequence to construct an artificial terrace storage and infiltration body with capillary siphon function, realizing runoff storage, infiltration and recharge coupling.

[0114] The parameters of the three-level particle gradient are:

[0115] The coarse sand layer has a particle size of 1.0mm-2.0mm and a thickness of 15cm.

[0116] The medium sand layer has a particle size of 0.2mm-1.0mm and a thickness of 10cm.

[0117] The loam layer has a particle size of ≤0.05mm and a thickness of 25cm.

[0118] The runoff storage performance of the artificial terrace storage and infiltration body meets the improved Green-Ampt infiltration-storage model, and the model formula is:

[0119]

[0120] wherein, is the storage depth, is the saturated hydraulic conductivity, is the rainfall duration, is the wetting front suction, is the difference in volume water content before and after wetting.

[0121] The artificial terrace storage and infiltration body realizes runoff storage rate of 40-60% in the rainy season and root zone water content increase of 15-20% in the dry season through storage-infiltration-recharge coupling.

[0122] The specific implementation is as follows:

[0123] Microtopography shaping:

[0124] Equipment and precision: using three-dimensional laser flattening machine + SOKKIA total station, surface elevation accuracy ±2cm.

[0125] Morphological parameters: the top elevation of micro-hills is raised by 15cm compared with the reference surface, the low point of depressions is 20cm lower than the reference surface, the terrace width is 50cm, and the slope along the slope direction is 3°.

[0126] Layout density: 12 micro-hills, 12 depressions, and terrace connection per 100m 2 The micro-hills, depressions and terraces are connected to form a uniform network hydrological unit.

[0127] Three-level particle gradient laying:

[0128] Hierarchy and materials:

[0129] Coarse sand layer: 1.0-2.0mm in diameter, 15cm in thickness, about 30% in volume ratio.

[0130] Medium sand layer: 0.2-1.0mm in diameter, 10cm in thickness, about 20% in volume ratio.

[0131] Silt layer: ≤0.05mm in diameter, 25cm in thickness, about 50% in volume ratio.

[0132] Construction procedure:

[0133] First, lay 15cm coarse sand and compact it once with a caterpillar bulldozer.

[0134] Then, lay 10cm medium sand and flatten it with a caterpillar tractor.

[0135] Finally, lay 25cm silt and compact it twice with a handheld vibrating tamper.

[0136] Runoff regulation, infiltration and recharge performance:

[0137] Typical rainfall condition: simulate 30mm / h intensity rainfall for 3h.

[0138] Runoff regulation rate:

[0139] Water storage in micro-topographic depressions: about 35mm.

[0140] Infiltration into silt layer: about 20mm.

[0141] Underground recharge: about 10mm.

[0142] Total runoff regulation rate: 72%, far exceeding the design target of 40-60%.

[0143] Water replenishment effect in dry season:

[0144] Initial silt moisture content: 8%.

[0145] After infiltration, the moisture content is restored to 23%, an increase of 15%, meeting the water demand of plant root systems.

[0146] Operation and maintenance:

[0147] Monitoring method: soil moisture probes are installed at micro-hills, depressions and terraces, and data is uploaded every 30min.

[0148] Adjustment strategy: when the silt moisture content falls below 12%, start automatic water injection of 5mm from the recharge well to keep the root zone continuously moist.

[0149] S5. Planting local plant community with arbor-shrub-herb three-dimensional structure to form continuous canopy and root network; monitoring vegetation growth, groundwater quality and biodiversity index annually through ground sensing and remote sensing technology, and iteratively adjusting vegetation configuration and soil improvement parameters based on monitoring results.

[0150] The configuration density of arbor-shrub-herb three-dimensional structure is:

[0151] Arbor: 625 plants·hm -2 , row spacing 4m x plant spacing 4m.

[0152] Shrub: 10000 plants·hm -2 , row spacing 1m x plant spacing 1m.

[0153] Herb: 15 kg·hm -2 .

[0154] The specific implementation is as follows:

[0155] Local plant community configuration:

[0156] Arbor layer:

[0157] Species: Pinus sylvestris, Sophora japonica, 312 and 313 plants respectively.

[0158] Row spacing: 4m x 4m grid planting.

[0159] Planting method: hole planting, hole diameter 40cm x 40cm x 40cm, bottom application of compound slow-release fertilizer 0.5kg / plant when filling soil.

[0160] Shrub layer:

[0161] Species: Prunus armeniaca, Rhododendron, 5000 plants respectively.

[0162] Row spacing: 1m x 1m.

[0163] Planting method: planting with soil ball, root stretching, immediately watering 10L of clean water after planting.

[0164] Herb layer:

[0165] Species: Festuca ovina, Poa pratensis mixed sowing, ratio 7:3.

[0166] Sowing method: first land leveling, then mechanical sowing, covering soil 0.5cm.

[0167] Water management: keep the surface layer moist for the first two weeks after sowing, and supplement 3mm of water in the morning and evening every day.

[0168] Annual monitoring plan:

[0169] Ground sensing:

[0170] Soil moisture / temperature probes: 2 sets of 3 probes each, 0.1 hm 2 Two sets of probes were installed at depths of 10 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm.

[0171] Microclimate monitoring station: 1, automatically records air temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity, synchronized with soil data collection.

[0172] Vegetation growth observation points: 10 sample plots each for tree diameter at breast height, shrub canopy, and herbaceous cover, measured quarterly by professionals.

[0173] Remote sensing technology:

[0174] Periodic drone aerial photography: every six months to obtain orthophotos and calculate NDVI and LAI.

[0175] Satellite imagery: at least twice a year with 10m resolution, calibrated with ground data.

[0176] Groundwater quality monitoring:

[0177] Monitoring wells: 4, located in the north, south, and east of the demonstration area.

[0178] Parameters: pH, total dissolved solids, and heavy metals, tested every six months.

[0179] Monitoring data compared with baseline:

[0180] Tree survival rate: 92% after six months and 88% after one year.

[0181] Shrub coverage: 75% at the end of the first year.

[0182] Herbaceous cover: 65% at the end of the first year.

[0183] NDVI: baseline 0.24, 0.38 after six months, and 0.45 after one year.

[0184] Groundwater quality: pH increased from 6.8 to 7.2, TDS decreased by 15%, and heavy metal concentrations were below the Class III limits of the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard".

[0185] Biodiversity index: baseline 2.31, increased to 2.75 after one year.

[0186] Iterative adjustment measures:

[0187] If herbaceous cover is less than 60%, add 5 kg·hm-2 of fescue in the following spring. -2 .

[0188] If shrub survival rate is less than 85%, replant 500 shrubs in the following spring.

[0189] Adjust the organic matter supplement for the bottom soil based on changes in NDVI and LAI.

[0190] While embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the application is not limited to the details of the embodiments described, since numerous changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the application as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for three-dimensional ecological environmental protection in coal mining, characterized in that, include: S1. Conduct an investigation on the ore body occurrence conditions in the mining area, divide the mining area, spoil disposal area and buffer protection area according to the results of the ore body occurrence conditions investigation, and establish a three-dimensional ecological environment database containing spatial coordinates and ecological indicators. S2. During the mining process, the soil is stripped in the order of humus layer, topsoil layer and parent material layer, and each layer of soil is transported to a closed functional soil storage tank for storage. S3. After mining is completed, the goaf is first backfilled with consolidated waste rock to form a load-bearing and stable bottom layer. The parent material layer and the cultivated layer are laid on the load-bearing and stable bottom layer in sequence, and biochar, mineral coagulant and compound microbial agent are mixed in a preset ratio. S4. Using three-dimensional laser leveling combined with total station precision finishing, the backfilled surface is shaped into a continuous curved surface of micro-hills-depressions-terraces. A three-level particle gradient is laid in the 0-50cm surface layer in the order of coarse sand-medium sand-loam to construct an artificial terraced infiltration body with capillary siphon function, realizing the coupling of runoff regulation-infiltration-replenishment. S5. Plant native plant communities in a three-dimensional structure of trees-shrubs-herbs to form a continuous canopy and root network; conduct annual monitoring of vegetation growth, groundwater quality and biodiversity index using ground sensing and remote sensing technologies, and iteratively adjust vegetation configuration and soil improvement parameters based on the monitoring results.

2. The method for three-dimensional ecological environment protection in coal mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ore body occurrence condition survey includes surface morphology survey, soil profile survey, groundwater level survey, and biodiversity baseline survey.

3. The method for three-dimensional ecological environment protection in coal mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional ecological environment database also includes soil moisture retention characteristics, which are derived using the van Genuchten unsaturated soil moisture curve model. in, The matrix suction is Volumetric water content at that time This refers to the residual moisture content. This is the saturated water content. This is the curve steepness parameter. This is the aperture distribution index.

4. The method for three-dimensional ecological environment protection in coal mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealed functional soil storage adopts a zoned soil chamber structure. Each soil chamber is equipped with a temperature and humidity dual closed-loop control system to stabilize the storage temperature of the humus layer soil at 5℃-15℃ and maintain the moisture content between 20%-25%.

5. A method for three-dimensional ecological environment protection in coal mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parameters of the third-order particle gradient are: The coarse sand layer has a particle size of 1.0mm-2.0mm and a thickness of 15cm. The medium sand layer has a particle size of 0.2mm-1.0mm and a thickness of 10cm. The soil layer has a particle size of ≤0.05mm and a thickness of 25cm.

6. A method for three-dimensional ecological environment protection in coal mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The runoff storage and retention performance of the artificial terraced infiltration and retention body satisfies the improved Green–Ampt infiltration-storage model, and the model formula is as follows: in, For the storage depth, For saturated hydraulic conductivity, For the duration of rainfall, For moistening the suction front, This represents the difference in volumetric water content before and after wetting.

7. A method for three-dimensional ecological environmental protection in coal mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The artificial terraced infiltration system achieves a runoff retention rate of 40-60% during the rainy season and an increase in root zone water content of 15-20% during the dry season through a coupling of regulation, infiltration, and replenishment.

8. A method for three-dimensional ecological environment protection in coal mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The density of the tree-shrub-herbaceous three-dimensional structure configuration is: 625 trees per hectare -2 Row spacing 4m × plant spacing 4m; 10,000 shrubs·hm -2 Row spacing 1m × plant spacing 1m; Herbaceous seeding rate: 15 kg / hm -2 .

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