Sensing self-powered method and system based on radio frequency energy collection

Abstract

The invention discloses a sensing self-powered method and system based on radio frequency energy collection. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring an incident angle of a transmitting signal transmitted by a transmitting end entering an antenna array of radio frequency energy collection equipment; according to the incident angle, the main axis alignment incident angle of the antenna array is adjusted; adjusting the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between the antenna units in the antenna array; adjusting the receiving power of each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the signal receiving strength of each antenna unit of the antenna array and the data traffic processed by each antenna unit of the antenna array, and calculating the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array according to the receiving power; and if the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, converting the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array into direct current electric energy to provide electric energy for the target sensor. According to the embodiment of the invention, the dynamic adjustment of the antenna array space layout and the receiving power can be realized, and the power supply capability of the sensor is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of sensor self-powering technology, and in particular to a sensor self-powering method and system based on radio frequency energy harvesting. Background Art

[0002] Currently, sensors are usually powered by self-powered methods based on radio frequency energy harvesting technology. However, existing technologies lack the ability to dynamically adjust the spatial layout of antenna arrays, resulting in low energy capture efficiency, which ultimately affects the ability to power sensors. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present application provides a sensor self-powering method and system based on radio frequency energy harvesting to solve the problem in the prior art of lacking the ability to dynamically adjust the spatial layout of the antenna array, resulting in low energy capture efficiency and affecting the ability to power the sensor.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for self-powering a sensor based on radio frequency energy harvesting, comprising: Obtaining an incident angle of a transmission signal transmitted by a transmitting end into an antenna array of a radio frequency energy harvesting device; According to the incident angle, adjusting the main axis of the antenna array to align with the incident angle; After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, adjusting the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between each antenna unit in the antenna array; After adjusting the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array, adjusting the received power of each antenna unit in the antenna array according to the signal reception strength of each antenna unit in the antenna array and the data flow processed by each antenna unit in the antenna array, and calculating the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array based on the received power; If the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array is converted into direct current electrical energy to provide electrical energy for the target sensor.

[0005] As an improvement to the above solution, after adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, adjusting the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between the antenna units in the antenna array includes: After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna elements in the antenna array, when the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element is greater than a preset threshold, gradually increasing the spacing between any adjacent antenna elements, and obtaining a minimum spacing between any adjacent antenna elements based on the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element at the current spacing, the gain loss of the antenna array, and the sidelobe level of the antenna array; After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna units in the antenna array, the time difference of any adjacent antenna units is calculated based on the time when the reference transmission signal reaches the any adjacent antenna unit; based on the correspondence between the preset time difference and the position compensation amount, the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference is obtained, and based on the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference, the minimum spacing between any adjacent antenna units is adjusted.

[0006] As an improvement to the above solution, adjusting the receiving power of each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the signal receiving strength of each antenna unit of the antenna array and the data flow processed by each antenna unit of the antenna array includes: Obtaining a signal reception quality of each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the signal reception strength; Normalizing the signal reception quality to obtain a first normalized value; Normalizing the data flow to obtain a second normalized value; Obtaining a performance score for each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the first normalized value and the second normalized value; Calculating a total performance score of all antenna elements of the antenna array based on the performance score; Dividing the performance score by the total performance score to obtain a received power ratio of each antenna unit in the antenna array; According to the received power ratio, the received power of each antenna unit of the antenna array is adjusted.

[0007] As an improvement to the above solution, obtaining the signal reception quality of each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the signal reception strength includes: Obtaining the current received power and current noise power of each antenna unit of the antenna array; Taking the ratio of the current received power to the current noise power as a signal-to-noise ratio parameter; The signal reception quality is obtained according to the signal-to-noise ratio parameter and the signal reception strength.

[0008] As an improvement to the above solution, calculating the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array according to the received power includes: Calculating the total received power of the antenna array according to the received power; Obtaining the transmit power of the transmit signal; The ratio of the total received power to the transmitted power is calculated to obtain the energy capture efficiency.

[0009] As an improvement to the above solution, obtaining the incident angle of the transmission signal transmitted by the transmitting end into the antenna array of the radio frequency energy harvesting device includes: Perform a full-band scan of the area where the radio frequency energy harvesting device is located to obtain spectrum data. Calculating the power spectrum density value of each frequency band of the transmitted signal according to the spectrum data; Obtaining the energy value of each frequency band of the transmitted signal according to the power spectrum density value; Obtaining a dominant frequency band of the transmitted signal according to the energy value; The incident angle is obtained by performing spatial spectrum estimation processing on the dominant frequency band.

[0010] As an improvement to the above solution, if the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, converting the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array into direct current electrical energy to provide electrical energy to the target sensor includes: If the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the signal received by the antenna array is input into the radio frequency energy harvesting circuit of the radio frequency energy harvesting device to convert the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array into direct current electrical energy; The DC power is stored and distributed through the energy management module of the radio frequency energy harvesting device to provide power to the target sensor.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention further provides a sensor self-powered system based on radio frequency energy harvesting, comprising: An acquisition module is used to obtain an incident angle of a transmission signal transmitted by a transmitting end and incident on an antenna array of a radio frequency energy harvesting device; A first adjustment module is configured to adjust the main axis of the antenna array to align with the incident angle according to the incident angle; a second adjustment module, configured to adjust the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between the antenna units in the antenna array after adjusting the main axis of the antenna array; a third adjustment module, configured to adjust the received power of each antenna unit in the antenna array according to the signal reception strength of each antenna unit in the antenna array and the data flow processed by each antenna unit in the antenna array after adjusting the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array, and calculate the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array according to the received power; A power supply module is used to convert the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array into direct current power if the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, so as to provide power to the target sensor.

[0012] As an improvement to the above solution, after adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, adjusting the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between the antenna units in the antenna array includes: After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna elements in the antenna array, when the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element is greater than a preset threshold, gradually increasing the spacing between any adjacent antenna elements, and obtaining a minimum spacing between any adjacent antenna elements based on the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element at the current spacing, the gain loss of the antenna array, and the sidelobe level of the antenna array; After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna units in the antenna array, the time difference of any adjacent antenna units is calculated based on the time when the reference transmission signal reaches the any adjacent antenna unit; based on the correspondence between the preset time difference and the position compensation amount, the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference is obtained, and based on the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference, the minimum spacing between any adjacent antenna units is adjusted.

[0013] As an improvement to the above solution, adjusting the receiving power of each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the signal receiving strength of each antenna unit of the antenna array and the data flow processed by each antenna unit of the antenna array includes: Obtaining a signal reception quality of each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the signal reception strength; Normalizing the signal reception quality to obtain a first normalized value; Normalizing the data flow to obtain a second normalized value; Obtaining a performance score for each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the first normalized value and the second normalized value; Calculating a total performance score of all antenna elements of the antenna array based on the performance score; Dividing the performance score by the total performance score to obtain a received power ratio of each antenna unit in the antenna array; According to the received power ratio, the received power of each antenna unit of the antenna array is adjusted.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the present application provides a sensor self-power supply and system based on RF energy harvesting, which obtains the incident angle of the antenna array of the transmission signal emitted by the transmitting end and is incident on the RF energy harvesting device; according to the incident angle, the main axis of the antenna array is adjusted to align with the incident angle; after adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array is adjusted according to the coupling coefficient between each antenna unit in the antenna array; after adjusting the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array, the receiving power of each antenna unit in the antenna array is adjusted according to the signal receiving strength of each antenna unit in the antenna array and the data flow processed by each antenna unit in the antenna array, and the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array is calculated based on the receiving power; if the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array is converted into DC power to provide power to the target sensor, thereby realizing dynamic adjustment of the spatial layout and receiving power of the antenna array, thereby improving the energy capture efficiency and ultimately improving the sensor power supply capability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a sensor self-powering method based on radio frequency energy harvesting provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a sensor self-powered system based on radio frequency energy harvesting provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0017] In the description of this application, the size of the serial numbers of the following processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0018] In the description of this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner.

[0019] In the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc. are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or precedence. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the application described herein can, for example, be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements explicitly listed, but may include other steps or elements that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such process, method, product, or device. The term "based on" means "based at least in part on." The term "according to" means "based at least in part on." The term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; and the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments." The term "and / or" means at least one of the connected objects, for example, A and / or B, which includes A alone, B alone, and both A and B. Unless otherwise stated, the term "plurality" means two or more than two.

[0020] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 1 is a flow chart of a sensor self-powering method based on radio frequency energy harvesting provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the sensor self-powering method based on radio frequency energy harvesting includes: S1. Obtaining the incident angle of the transmission signal transmitted by the transmitter into the antenna array of the radio frequency energy harvesting device; S2. Adjusting the main axis of the antenna array to align with the incident angle according to the incident angle; S3. After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, adjust the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between the antenna units in the antenna array; S4. After adjusting the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array, adjust the received power of each antenna unit in the antenna array according to the signal reception strength of each antenna unit in the antenna array and the data flow processed by each antenna unit in the antenna array, and calculate the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array according to the received power; S5. If the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, converting the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array into direct current electrical energy to provide electrical energy for the target sensor.

[0021] The present embodiment preliminarily adjusts the antenna array based on the incident angle and further considers the coupling coefficient between antenna elements to adjust the spatial layout of the antenna array. This effectively improves the efficiency of electromagnetic signal capture, reduces mutual coupling interference, optimizes antenna array performance, and ultimately improves the sensor's power supply capability. Furthermore, by adjusting the received power of each antenna element based on its received signal strength and the data flow it processes, the efficiency of electromagnetic signal capture is further improved, achieving system intelligence and adaptive optimization, significantly enhancing the overall performance and reliability of the system.

[0022] Specifically, after determining the incident angle, a rotation operation around the array center point is used to align the antenna array's main axis with the incident angle. Rotation around the array center point is a coordinate transformation operation. This transformation maintains the relative positional relationships between antenna elements and only changes the orientation of the entire array. During the rotation process, the new coordinates of each antenna element are calculated using a rotation matrix. The rotation angle is equal to the angle between the incident angle and the current main axis of the array. This overall rotation ensures that the array's maximum gain direction is aligned with the signal source, improving the quality of the received signal.

[0023] In an optional embodiment, after adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, adjusting the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between the antenna units in the antenna array includes: After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna units in the antenna array, when the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna unit is greater than a preset threshold, the spacing between any adjacent antenna units is gradually increased, and the minimum spacing between any adjacent antenna units is obtained based on the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna unit at the current spacing, the gain loss of the antenna array and the sidelobe level of the antenna array.

[0024] It's worth noting that the coupling coefficient between antenna elements reflects the strength of electromagnetic energy transfer between them, and its value is typically expressed in decibels. A coupling coefficient of -20dB means only 1% of the energy from one antenna is transferred to its adjacent antenna. When the coupling coefficient reaches -10dB, the energy transfer ratio rises to 10%, severely impacting the array's radiation characteristics. The preset coupling threshold is determined by specific application requirements; communication systems typically require a coupling coefficient below -15dB to ensure good isolation.

[0025] Specifically, antenna array gain loss directly affects communication range and signal coverage, while the antenna array's sidelobe level is related to the system's anti-interference capability. Low sidelobe levels mean less interference from non-target directions. By using these two metrics and the coupling coefficient as optimization targets, the optimization process simultaneously considers the requirements for mainlobe gain and sidelobe suppression.

[0026] It should be noted that at each spacing point, the system calculates a complete set of performance indicators, including gain loss, sidelobe level, and coupling coefficient. During the search process, changes in spacing will cause changes in the array pattern. Too small a spacing will aggravate the mutual coupling effect, and too large a spacing may produce grating lobes. Through careful traversal, the minimum spacing can be found. At this minimum spacing, the coupling coefficient drops below the preset coupling coefficient threshold, and the gain loss is within the first preset range, and the sidelobe level is within the second preset range. In other words, when the coupling coefficient drops below the preset threshold, and the gain loss and sidelobe levels are within an acceptable range, the spacing at this time is the minimum spacing between adjacent units. For example, adjusting the spacing from 0.5 times the wavelength to 0.6 times the wavelength may cause the mainlobe gain to drop by 0.5dB, but at the same time reduce the sidelobe level by 3dB.

[0027] In the embodiments of the present application, any adjacent antenna elements can be directly set according to this minimum spacing. During the spacing adjustment process, the gain loss and sidelobe level are simultaneously considered to avoid excessively increasing the spacing to reduce the coupling coefficient (which may result in a significant decrease in mainlobe gain or an increase in sidelobe level). Through the coordinated optimization of these three factors, the gain loss and sidelobe level of the antenna array can be kept within an acceptable range while ensuring that the coupling coefficient meets the standard, ensuring that the overall array captures incident electromagnetic energy at a high level.

[0028] In an optional embodiment, after adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, adjusting the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between the antenna units in the antenna array includes: After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna elements in the antenna array, when the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element is greater than a preset threshold, gradually increasing the spacing between any adjacent antenna elements, and obtaining a minimum spacing between any adjacent antenna elements based on the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element at the current spacing, the gain loss of the antenna array, and the sidelobe level of the antenna array; After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna units in the antenna array, the time difference of any adjacent antenna units is calculated based on the time when the reference transmission signal reaches the any adjacent antenna unit; based on the correspondence between the preset time difference and the position compensation amount, the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference is obtained, and based on the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference, the minimum spacing between any adjacent antenna units is adjusted.

[0029] Exemplarily, the reference transmission signal serves as a time reference in delay measurement. In one possible implementation, the transmitter sends a known pulse signal or continuous wave signal to the incident RF energy collection device as a reference transmission signal. Due to the different positions of the antenna units in space, the path lengths for the signal to reach each unit are different, resulting in different reception times. The time difference can be calculated by recording the exact moment when each antenna unit receives the reference transmission signal through a high-precision clock. When the time difference between two adjacent antenna units is larger than the expected value, it means that the distance between them deviates from the ideal position. The position compensation amount is equal to the distance value corresponding to the time difference. The minimum spacing between any adjacent antenna units is adjusted by the distance value so that any adjacent antenna unit is set according to the adjusted minimum spacing to eliminate the signal reception asynchrony caused by position deviation, reduce phase interference, and improve the antenna array's capture accuracy of electromagnetic energy.

[0030] By adjusting the coupling coefficient and time difference, the electromagnetic interference (coupling coefficient) between adjacent units is ensured to be within a reasonable range, and the spatial position deviation is corrected through time difference compensation, ultimately determining the optimal minimum spacing.

[0031] In an optional embodiment, adjusting the received power of each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the signal received strength of each antenna unit of the antenna array and the data flow processed by each antenna unit of the antenna array includes: Obtaining a signal reception quality of each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the signal reception strength; Normalizing the signal reception quality to obtain a first normalized value; Normalizing the data flow to obtain a second normalized value; Obtaining a performance score for each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the first normalized value and the second normalized value; Calculating a total performance score of all antenna elements of the antenna array based on the performance score; Dividing the performance score by the total performance score to obtain a received power ratio of each antenna unit in the antenna array; According to the received power ratio, the received power of each antenna unit of the antenna array is adjusted.

[0032] Specifically, when the first normalized value is less than the first threshold and the second normalized value is less than the second threshold, the performance score = the first normalized value Second normalized value. When the first normalized value is greater than or equal to the first threshold, and the second normalized value is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the performance score = the first normalized value Second normalized value The preset coefficient, 0 < preset coefficient < 1, reduces the performance score and thus reduces the receiving power ratio. This is suitable for situations where the load is too heavy and even if the reception quality is high, insufficient processing capacity may lead to data backlog and increased errors.

[0033] The signal reception quality of an antenna unit reflects its signal reception capability. A higher first normalized value indicates better signal reception quality. While capturing electromagnetic energy, an antenna unit must perform preliminary processing on the received signal. This processing generates data traffic (i.e., load). A higher data traffic indicates a heavier signal processing workload and higher energy consumption. The data traffic of an antenna unit reflects the data processing workload it undertakes. A higher second normalized value indicates a higher data traffic volume. The performance score, obtained by multiplying these two normalized values, comprehensively reflects the antenna unit's operating efficiency. For example, an antenna unit with excellent reception quality but a light load has low resource utilization. Conversely, a heavily loaded unit, even with average reception quality, can become a system bottleneck. This scoring mechanism helps identify antenna units requiring optimization. For example, when the data traffic of an antenna unit exceeds a threshold (overload), even with high reception quality, insufficient processing capacity may lead to data backlogs and increased errors. Reducing the receiving power at this point can reduce the input signal strength and information volume, thereby reducing the data traffic required for processing and avoiding unit overload. When the data traffic of an antenna unit is low (the load is light), if its reception quality is good, the receiving power can be appropriately increased to capture more signal energy and process more data, thereby improving overall efficiency.

[0034] Received power ratio = performance score / total performance score. Dynamic power allocation is achieved through the controllable functions of the RF energy harvesting device (such as parameter configuration and operating state switching) to match the calculated received power ratio. For example, once the received power ratio of a certain antenna unit is determined, the system sends a control signal (such as a voltage signal or digital instruction) to the RF front-end circuit to adjust the received power of each antenna unit in the antenna array so that the power of the RF signal actually received by the antenna unit meets the received power ratio. Each antenna unit is equipped with a power detector that can measure the power of the received RF signal, that is, the received power of the antenna unit, in real time.

[0035] In the embodiment of the present application, power allocation follows the ratio of performance score to total performance score. Antenna units with a high ratio obtain more power resources, so that the total received power of the antenna array is more concentrated in high-efficiency units, reducing invalid energy consumption, thereby improving the overall energy capture efficiency and providing stronger energy support for stable power supply of the sensor.

[0036] In an optional embodiment, obtaining the signal reception quality of each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the signal reception strength includes: Obtaining the current received power and current noise power of each antenna unit of the antenna array; Taking the ratio of the current received power to the current noise power as a signal-to-noise ratio parameter; The signal reception quality is obtained according to the signal-to-noise ratio parameter and the signal reception strength.

[0037] Exemplarily, the monitoring of signal reception strength forms the data basis for the entire optimization process.

[0038] Specifically, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is the ratio of the desired signal power to the background noise power. Noise sources include thermal noise, environmental electromagnetic interference, and internal receiver noise. A SNR of 20dB indicates that the signal power is 100 times greater than the noise power, indicating good communication quality. When the SNR drops below 10dB, the bit error rate (BER) increases significantly. By combining signal strength and SNR, a more comprehensive indicator of reception quality can be obtained, avoiding the problem of simply pursuing high power while ignoring signal purity.

[0039] In an optional embodiment, calculating the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array according to the received power includes: Calculating the total received power of the antenna array according to the received power; Obtaining the transmit power of the transmit signal; The ratio of the total received power to the transmitted power is calculated to obtain the energy capture efficiency.

[0040] It's worth noting that energy capture efficiency, a key performance indicator, directly reflects the overall effectiveness of the array. This value is calculated as the ratio of the total received power to the transmitted power of the transmitted signal. Ideally, it's close to 1, but in practice, it's typically below 0.8 due to various losses.

[0041] Specifically, the received power of each antenna element in the antenna array is added together to obtain the total received power of the antenna array. The transmit power of the transmitted signal refers to the total amount of energy provided by the transmitter to the antenna array. The output power of the transmitter is measured by a power meter and is used as the transmit power of the transmitted signal.

[0042] In an optional embodiment, obtaining the incident angle of the transmission signal transmitted by the transmitting end into the antenna array of the radio frequency energy harvesting device includes: Perform a full-band scan of the area where the radio frequency energy harvesting device is located to obtain spectrum data. Calculating the power spectrum density value of each frequency band of the transmitted signal according to the spectrum data; Obtaining the energy value of each frequency band of the transmitted signal according to the power spectrum density value; Obtaining a dominant frequency band of the transmitted signal according to the energy value; The incident angle is obtained by performing spatial spectrum estimation processing on the dominant frequency band.

[0043] It is worth mentioning that spectrum analyzers play a core role in electromagnetic signal monitoring. Their working principle is to convert the input RF signal into an intermediate frequency through a mixer and a local oscillator signal, and then obtain spectrum data through detection and digital processing.

[0044] In one possible implementation, a spectrum analyzer is set to scan from 9 kHz to 6 GHz, covering common communications frequency bands. During the scan, the analyzer measures the signal strength at each frequency point within the preset resolution bandwidth, generating a complete spectrum. Power spectral density, a key indicator of signal energy distribution, reflects the signal power per unit frequency bandwidth.

[0045] Specifically, when a signal is detected in a frequency band, the power spectral density (PSD) value is obtained by measuring the total power within that band and dividing it by the band bandwidth. A PSD threshold of -80dBm / Hz is set. Signals below this threshold are considered noise and filtered out, while signals above the threshold are considered valid. This threshold determination mechanism ensures that only signals with practical communication significance are included in subsequent analysis.

[0046] The energy value of each frequency band is equal to the product of the power spectral density within that band and the bandwidth. The total energy is calculated by adding up the energy values ​​of all frequency bands. By calculating the percentage of each frequency band's energy to the total energy, we can intuitively understand the spectrum occupancy of the electromagnetic environment. When the energy proportion of a frequency band exceeds 30%, it is marked as a dominant band, which generally indicates the presence of high-power transmitters or intensive communication activity.

[0047] In an optional embodiment, if the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, converting the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array into direct current electrical energy to provide electrical energy to the target sensor includes: If the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the signal received by the antenna array is input into the radio frequency energy harvesting circuit of the radio frequency energy harvesting device to convert the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array into direct current electrical energy; The DC power is stored and distributed through the energy management module of the radio frequency energy harvesting device to provide power to the target sensor.

[0048] In an embodiment of the present application, the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array is essentially the energy formed by the continuous accumulation of the received power of the antenna array. When the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array is converted into DC power to provide energy for subsequent self-powered sensing. This can ensure that the converted power is sufficient to support the stable operation of the sensor and avoid power supply interruptions caused by insufficient energy.

[0049] A sensing self-powering method based on radio frequency energy harvesting is provided in an embodiment of the present application. The method obtains the incident angle of the antenna array of the radio frequency energy harvesting device at which the transmission signal emitted by the transmitting end is incident; according to the incident angle, the main axis of the antenna array is adjusted to align with the incident angle; after adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array is adjusted according to the coupling coefficient between each antenna unit in the antenna array; after adjusting the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array, the receiving power of each antenna unit in the antenna array is adjusted according to the signal receiving strength of each antenna unit in the antenna array and the data flow processed by each antenna unit in the antenna array, and the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array is calculated based on the receiving power; if the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array is converted into direct current power to provide power to the target sensor, thereby realizing dynamic adjustment of the spatial layout and receiving power of the antenna array, thereby improving the energy capture efficiency and ultimately improving the power supply capability of the sensor.

[0050] See also Figure 2 , Figure 2 1 is a structural block diagram of a sensor self-powered system 10 based on radio frequency energy harvesting provided in an embodiment of the present application. The sensor self-powered system 10 based on radio frequency energy harvesting includes: An acquisition module 11 is configured to acquire an incident angle of a transmission signal transmitted by a transmitting end and incident on an antenna array of a radio frequency energy harvesting device; A first adjustment module 12 is configured to adjust the main axis of the antenna array to align with the incident angle according to the incident angle; A second adjustment module 13 is configured to adjust the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between the antenna units in the antenna array after adjusting the main axis of the antenna array; a third adjustment module 14, configured to adjust the received power of each antenna unit in the antenna array according to the signal reception strength of each antenna unit in the antenna array and the data flow processed by each antenna unit in the antenna array after adjusting the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array, and calculate the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array according to the received power; The power supply module 15 is configured to convert the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array into direct current (DC) power if the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, so as to provide power to the target sensor.

[0051] Optionally, after adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, adjusting the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between the antenna units in the antenna array includes: After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna elements in the antenna array, when the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element is greater than a preset threshold, gradually increasing the spacing between any adjacent antenna elements, and obtaining a minimum spacing between any adjacent antenna elements based on the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element at the current spacing, the gain loss of the antenna array, and the sidelobe level of the antenna array; After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna units in the antenna array, the time difference of any adjacent antenna units is calculated based on the time when the reference transmission signal reaches the any adjacent antenna unit; based on the correspondence between the preset time difference and the position compensation amount, the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference is obtained, and based on the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference, the minimum spacing between any adjacent antenna units is adjusted.

[0052] Optionally, adjusting the receiving power of each antenna unit in the antenna array according to the signal receiving strength of each antenna unit in the antenna array and the data flow processed by each antenna unit in the antenna array includes: Obtaining a signal reception quality of each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the signal reception strength; Normalizing the signal reception quality to obtain a first normalized value; Normalizing the data flow to obtain a second normalized value; Obtaining a performance score for each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the first normalized value and the second normalized value; Calculating a total performance score of all antenna elements of the antenna array based on the performance score; Dividing the performance score by the total performance score to obtain a received power ratio of each antenna unit in the antenna array; According to the received power ratio, the received power of each antenna unit of the antenna array is adjusted.

[0053] Optionally, obtaining the signal reception quality of each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the signal reception strength includes: Obtaining the current received power and current noise power of each antenna unit of the antenna array; Taking the ratio of the current received power to the current noise power as a signal-to-noise ratio parameter; The signal reception quality is obtained according to the signal-to-noise ratio parameter and the signal reception strength.

[0054] Optionally, calculating the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array according to the received power includes: Calculating the total received power of the antenna array according to the received power; Obtaining the transmit power of the transmit signal; The ratio of the total received power to the transmitted power is calculated to obtain the energy capture efficiency.

[0055] Optionally, obtaining an incident angle of a transmission signal transmitted by the transmitting end and incident on an antenna array of a radio frequency energy harvesting device includes: Perform a full-band scan of the area where the radio frequency energy harvesting device is located to obtain spectrum data. Calculating the power spectrum density value of each frequency band of the transmitted signal according to the spectrum data; Obtaining the energy value of each frequency band of the transmitted signal according to the power spectrum density value; Obtaining a dominant frequency band of the transmitted signal according to the energy value; The incident angle is obtained by performing spatial spectrum estimation processing on the dominant frequency band.

[0056] Optionally, if the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, converting the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array into direct current electrical energy to provide electrical energy to the target sensor includes: If the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the signal received by the antenna array is input into the radio frequency energy harvesting circuit of the radio frequency energy harvesting device to convert the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array into direct current electrical energy; The DC power is stored and distributed through the energy management module of the radio frequency energy harvesting device to provide power to the target sensor.

[0057] It is worth noting that the working process of each module in the sensor self-powering system 10 based on RF energy harvesting described in the embodiment of the present application can refer to the working process of the sensor self-powering method based on RF energy harvesting described in the above embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0058] A sensing self-powered system 10 based on radio frequency energy harvesting is provided in an embodiment of the present application. The system obtains the incident angle of the antenna array of the radio frequency energy harvesting device at which the transmission signal emitted by the transmitting end is incident; according to the incident angle, the main axis of the antenna array is adjusted to align with the incident angle; after adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array is adjusted according to the coupling coefficient between each antenna unit in the antenna array; after adjusting the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array, the receiving power of each antenna unit in the antenna array is adjusted according to the signal receiving strength of each antenna unit in the antenna array and the data flow processed by each antenna unit in the antenna array, and the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array is calculated based on the receiving power; if the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array is converted into direct current power to provide power to the target sensor, thereby realizing dynamic adjustment of the spatial layout and receiving power of the antenna array, thereby improving the energy capture efficiency and ultimately improving the power supply capability of the sensor.

[0059] In addition, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes a stored computer program; wherein, when the computer program is running, it controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to execute the sensor self-powering method based on radio frequency energy harvesting as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0060] In addition, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, including a computer program / instruction, which, when executed by a processor, implements the sensor self-powering method based on radio frequency energy harvesting as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0061] In addition, embodiments of the present application further provide a sensor self-powered device based on RF energy harvesting, comprising: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the aforementioned sensor self-powered method embodiment based on RF energy harvesting are implemented. Alternatively, when the processor executes the computer program, the functions of the modules / units described in the aforementioned device embodiments are implemented.

[0062] Exemplarily, the computer program may be divided into one or more modules / units, which are stored in the memory and executed by the processor to complete the present application. The one or more modules / units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing specific functions, which are used to describe the execution process of the computer program in the sensor self-powered device based on RF energy harvesting.

[0063] The sensor self-powered device based on radio frequency energy harvesting may include, but is not limited to, a processor and a memory. For example, the sensor self-powered device based on radio frequency energy harvesting may also include input and output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.

[0064] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The processor is the control center of the sensor self-powered device based on RF energy harvesting, and utilizes various interfaces and lines to connect the various parts of the entire sensor self-powered device based on RF energy harvesting.

[0065] The memory can be used to store the computer programs and / or modules. The processor implements the various functions of the RF energy harvesting-based self-powered sensor device by running or executing the computer programs and / or modules stored in the memory and accessing the data stored in the memory. The memory may primarily include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store an operating system and at least one application required for a function (such as a sound playback function or an image playback function); the data storage area may store data generated based on the use of the mobile phone (such as audio data, a phone book, etc.). Furthermore, the memory may include high-speed random access memory and non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, internal memory, a plug-in hard disk, a smart media card (SMC), a secure digital (SD) card, a flash card, at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device.

[0066] If the module / unit integrated into the sensor self-powered device based on RF energy harvesting is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the present application can implement all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment method by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of each of the above-mentioned method embodiments. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in source code form, object code form, executable file, or some intermediate form. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, USB flash drive, mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signal, telecommunication signal, and software distribution medium.

[0067] It should be noted that the device embodiments described above are merely schematic, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment. In addition, in the drawings of the device embodiments provided in this application, the connection relationship between the modules indicates that there is a communication connection between them, which may be specifically implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines. A person of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement the present invention without inventive work.

[0068] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A sensor self-powering method based on radio frequency energy harvesting, characterized in that: include: Obtaining an incident angle of a transmission signal transmitted by a transmitting end into an antenna array of a radio frequency energy harvesting device; According to the incident angle, adjusting the main axis of the antenna array to align with the incident angle; After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, adjusting the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between each antenna unit in the antenna array; After adjusting the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array, adjusting the received power of each antenna unit in the antenna array according to the signal reception strength of each antenna unit in the antenna array and the data flow processed by each antenna unit in the antenna array, and calculating the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array based on the received power; If the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array is converted into direct current electrical energy to provide electrical energy for the target sensor.

2. The sensor self-powering method based on radio frequency energy harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, adjusting the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between the antenna units in the antenna array includes: After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna elements in the antenna array, when the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element is greater than a preset threshold, gradually increasing the spacing between any adjacent antenna elements, and obtaining a minimum spacing between any adjacent antenna elements based on the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element at the current spacing, the gain loss of the antenna array, and the sidelobe level of the antenna array; After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna units in the antenna array, the time difference of any adjacent antenna units is calculated based on the time when the reference transmission signal reaches the any adjacent antenna unit; based on the correspondence between the preset time difference and the position compensation amount, the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference is obtained, and based on the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference, the minimum spacing between any adjacent antenna units is adjusted.

3. The sensor self-powering method based on radio frequency energy harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting the receiving power of each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the signal receiving strength of each antenna unit of the antenna array and the data flow processed by each antenna unit of the antenna array includes: Obtaining a signal reception quality of each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the signal reception strength; Normalizing the signal reception quality to obtain a first normalized value; Normalizing the data flow to obtain a second normalized value; Obtaining a performance score for each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the first normalized value and the second normalized value; Calculating a total performance score of all antenna elements of the antenna array based on the performance score; Dividing the performance score by the total performance score to obtain a received power ratio of each antenna unit in the antenna array; According to the received power ratio, the received power of each antenna unit of the antenna array is adjusted.

4. The sensor self-powering method based on radio frequency energy harvesting according to claim 3, characterized in that: Obtaining the signal reception quality of each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the signal reception strength includes: Obtaining the current received power and current noise power of each antenna unit of the antenna array; Taking the ratio of the current received power to the current noise power as a signal-to-noise ratio parameter; The signal reception quality is obtained according to the signal-to-noise ratio parameter and the signal reception strength.

5. The sensor self-powering method based on radio frequency energy harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: Calculating the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array according to the received power includes: Calculating the total received power of the antenna array according to the received power; Obtaining the transmit power of the transmit signal; The ratio of the total received power to the transmitted power is calculated to obtain the energy capture efficiency.

6. The sensor self-powering method based on radio frequency energy harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining of the incident angle of the transmission signal transmitted by the transmitting end into the antenna array of the radio frequency energy harvesting device includes: Perform a full-band scan of the area where the radio frequency energy harvesting device is located to obtain spectrum data. Calculating the power spectrum density value of each frequency band of the transmitted signal according to the spectrum data; Obtaining the energy value of each frequency band of the transmitted signal according to the power spectrum density value; Obtaining a dominant frequency band of the transmitted signal according to the energy value; The incident angle is obtained by performing spatial spectrum estimation processing on the dominant frequency band.

7. The sensor self-powering method based on radio frequency energy harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that: If the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, converting the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array into direct current electrical energy to provide electrical energy to the target sensor includes: If the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, the signal received by the antenna array is input into the radio frequency energy harvesting circuit of the radio frequency energy harvesting device to convert the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array into direct current electrical energy; The DC power is stored and distributed through the energy management module of the radio frequency energy harvesting device to provide power to the target sensor.

8. A sensor self-powered system based on radio frequency energy harvesting, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module is used to obtain an incident angle of a transmission signal transmitted by a transmitting end and incident on an antenna array of a radio frequency energy harvesting device; A first adjustment module is configured to adjust the main axis of the antenna array to align with the incident angle according to the incident angle; a second adjustment module, configured to adjust the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between the antenna units in the antenna array after adjusting the main axis of the antenna array; a third adjustment module, configured to adjust the received power of each antenna unit in the antenna array according to the signal reception strength of each antenna unit in the antenna array and the data flow processed by each antenna unit in the antenna array after adjusting the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array, and calculate the energy capture efficiency of the antenna array according to the received power; A power supply module is used to convert the electromagnetic energy captured by the antenna array into direct current power if the energy capture efficiency is greater than a preset threshold, so as to provide power to the target sensor.

9. The sensor self-powered system based on radio frequency energy harvesting according to claim 8, characterized in that: After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, adjusting the position of each antenna unit in the antenna array according to the coupling coefficient between the antenna units in the antenna array includes: After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna elements in the antenna array, when the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element is greater than a preset threshold, gradually increasing the spacing between any adjacent antenna elements, and obtaining a minimum spacing between any adjacent antenna elements based on the coupling coefficient of any adjacent antenna element at the current spacing, the gain loss of the antenna array, and the sidelobe level of the antenna array; After adjusting the main axis of the antenna array, for any adjacent antenna units in the antenna array, the time difference of any adjacent antenna units is calculated based on the time when the reference transmission signal reaches the any adjacent antenna unit; based on the correspondence between the preset time difference and the position compensation amount, the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference is obtained, and based on the position compensation amount corresponding to the time difference, the minimum spacing between any adjacent antenna units is adjusted.

10. The sensor self-powered system based on radio frequency energy harvesting according to claim 8, characterized in that: The adjusting the receiving power of each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the signal receiving strength of each antenna unit of the antenna array and the data flow processed by each antenna unit of the antenna array includes: Obtaining a signal reception quality of each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the signal reception strength; Normalizing the signal reception quality to obtain a first normalized value; Normalizing the data flow to obtain a second normalized value; Obtaining a performance score for each antenna unit of the antenna array according to the first normalized value and the second normalized value; Calculating a total performance score of all antenna elements of the antenna array based on the performance score; Dividing the performance score by the total performance score to obtain a received power ratio of each antenna unit in the antenna array; According to the received power ratio, the received power of each antenna unit of the antenna array is adjusted.

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