A multi-stage structure zirconia abutment for regulating soft tissue closure around a planting abutment

Abstract

The application relates to the field of implant technology, and particularly relates to a multi-stage structure zirconium oxide abutment for regulating and controlling soft tissue sealing around an implant abutment, a cross section of the zirconium oxide abutment is an inverted isosceles trapezoid, the height of the upper half of the zirconium oxide abutment is 1-2 mm, the height of the lower half of the zirconium oxide abutment is 1-2.5 mm, the outer side surface of the lower half is uniformly distributed with a plurality of funnel-shaped blind holes, the top diameter of the blind holes is 50-150 microns, the bottom diameter is 30-50 microns, the depth is 10-200 microns, and the porosity is 10-60%. The multi-stage structure implant zirconium oxide abutment regulates and controls the attachment length of epithelium and connective tissue by using multi-stage structure design, is closer to the natural tooth structure, and improves long-term stability of implant restoration.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of implant abutment, in particular to a multi-stage structure zirconia abutment for regulating soft tissue closure around the implant abutment. BACKGROUND

[0002] Tooth loss is a very common phenomenon in the elderly population, with a prevalence of 80-90% among people over 60 years old in China. Tooth loss not only threatens basic physiological functions such as mastication and pronunciation, but is also closely related to many systemic diseases such as stroke and heart disease, which seriously affects the quality of life of the elderly.

[0003] Implant restoration is the most commonly used treatment method for tooth loss. Long-term stability of the implant requires good osseointegration and soft tissue closure. Soft tissue closure, also known as soft tissue integration, is the process of attaching the mucosal epithelium and underlying connective tissue around the implant abutment to the mucosal area of the implant. Soft tissue closure is a relatively fragile soft tissue barrier that helps to seal the implant-gingival interface and isolate the lower layer of bone-integrated implant from the highly contaminated oral cavity. Once the soft tissue closure is broken, bacteria in the oral cavity can invade the interface, causing peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, leading to irreversible marginal bone resorption and threatening the survival of the implant. According to different case definitions, the prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis is 19-65% and 1-47%, respectively. According to the most conservative estimate of DPTarnow, about 10% of dental implants will develop some degree of peri-implantitis within about 10 years.

[0004] Zirconia is a high-strength bioceramic material that has received widespread attention and popularity due to its good biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties, low bacterial adhesion, no risk of allergy, and excellent aesthetic effects. In order to improve the formation of a good closure between the zirconia abutment and the soft tissue around the implant, domestic and foreign methods such as mechanical processing, sandblasting treatment, laser treatment, plasma spraying, sol-gel, and surface bioactive coating are used to treat and modify the surface of zirconia. However, these methods have some shortcomings.

[0005] The attachment of the soft tissue around the human natural tooth is actually divided into two parts: the upper part is the attachment of the epithelial cells, and the lower part is the attachment of the connective tissue formed by fibroblasts. The two are special in relation, the junctional epithelium is the first line of defense against bacterial invasion, but excessive downward growth will affect the long-term stability of the implant, so the lower connective tissue plays a role in preventing the junctional epithelium from growing too much downward. Therefore, on natural teeth, the two have a relatively fixed length, with epithelial attachment of 1.14 mm and connective tissue attachment of 0.77. The peri-implant is about 2 mm of epithelial attachment and 1-1.5 mm of connective tissue attachment.

[0006] Existing zirconia abutments are designed with smooth surfaces to promote the attachment and proliferation of a certain type of cell, but they cannot regulate the growth and proliferation of the two major types of cells mentioned above, nor can they control the length of binding epithelium and connective tissue. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-level zirconia abutment that regulates the closure of soft tissue around the implantation abutment.

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides the following technical solution:

[0009] A multi-level zirconia abutment for regulating the closure of soft tissue around an implantation abutment, the abutment having an inverted isosceles trapezoidal cross-section. The upper half of the zirconia abutment has a height of 1-2 mm, and the lower half has a height of 1-2.5 mm. The outer surface of the lower half is evenly distributed with multiple funnel-shaped blind holes. The top diameter of the blind holes is 50-150 μm, the bottom diameter is 30-50 μm, and the depth is 10-200 μm.

[0010] The roughness of the outer surface of the upper part is polished to below 0.2μm.

[0011] The area of ​​all blind holes accounts for 10-60% of the total area of ​​the lower half of the outer surface of the zirconia abutment, i.e., the porosity is 10-60%.

[0012] The blind hole is fabricated using femtosecond laser technology.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the multi-level zirconia abutment structure of the present invention, which regulates the soft tissue closure around the implantation abutment, has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0014] The multi-level zirconia abutment of this invention, which regulates the soft tissue closure around the implant abutment, utilizes a multi-level structural design to regulate the attachment length of the combined epithelium and connective tissue, making it closer to the structure of natural teeth and improving the long-term stability of implant restoration.

[0015] The multi-level structure zirconia abutment of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram and surface morphology of the multi-level zirconia abutment for regulating the closure of soft tissue around the implantation abutment according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 The image shows the microstructure of Comparative Example 1 under SEM.

[0018] Figures 3-5 The image shows the microstructure of Comparative Example 2 under SEM.

[0019] Figures 6-8 Micro-morphology of Comparative Example 3 under SEM.

[0020] Figures 9-11 Micro-morphology of Example 1 under SEM.

[0021] Figures 12-15 Micro-morphology of Example 2 under SEM.

[0022] Figure 16 Effect of blind holes of different shapes and depths on epithelial cell proliferation.

[0023] Figure 17 Effect of blind holes of different shapes and depths on fibroblast cell proliferation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] As shown in Figure 1 , a multi-level structure zirconia abutment for regulating the closure of soft tissue around the implant abutment, the cross section is an inverted isosceles trapezoid, the height of the upper half of the zirconia abutment is 1-2 mm, the height of the lower half of the zirconia abutment is 1-2.5 mm, the outer side of the lower half is evenly distributed with a plurality of funnel-shaped blind holes, the top diameter of the blind hole is 50-150 μm, the bottom diameter is 30-50 μm, and the depth is 10-200 μm. Among them, the roughness of the outer side of the upper half is polished to below 0.2 μm. The area of all blind holes accounts for 10-60% of the total area of the outer side of the lower half of the zirconia abutment.

[0025] Example 1 (funnel-shaped blind hole depth 100 μm, top diameter 80 μm, bottom diameter 50 μm)

[0026] As shown in Figures 9-11 , 50 nm particle size zirconia particles are used as slurry raw materials and account for ≥99% of the composition ratio, and a 3D printing technology is used to prepare a non-porous zirconia, the sintering temperature is 1350-1450℃, and the polishing is performed on a metallographic polishing machine using 1000, 3000, 5000, and 7000 mesh silicon carbide sandpaper in turn to below 0.2 μm, and ultrasonic cleaning is performed using ultrapure water and anhydrous ethanol and air drying. The height of the upper half of the abutment is 1 mm, and the height of the lower half is 1.5 mm.

[0027] The blind hole is made in the lower half of the base by femtosecond laser technology: a circular shape with a diameter of 80 μm is prepared at the top, the laser power is set to 10%, the frequency is 1000 KHz, and the galvanometer scanning speed is 200 mm / s; a circular shape with a diameter of 50 μm is prepared at the bottom, the laser power is set to 20%, the frequency is 1000 KHz, and the galvanometer scanning speed is 500 mm / s; the top is 100 μm away from the bottom, the area is gradually transitioned from the top to the bottom layer by layer at an interval of every 3 μm by using a ring-shaped decreasing filling method, the laser power is slowly increased from 10% to 20%, the frequency is 1000 KHz, and the galvanometer scanning speed is slowly increased from 200 mm / s to 500 mm / s, and the porosity is 30%.

[0028] Example 2 (funnel-shaped blind hole with a depth of 100 μm, a top diameter of 50 μm, and a bottom diameter of 30 μm)

[0029] As shown in Figures 12-15 , 50 nm particle size zirconia particles are used as slurry raw materials and account for ≥99% of the composition ratio, 3D printing technology is used to prepare a non-porous zirconia, the sintering temperature is 1350-1450°C, and the polishing is performed on a metallographic polishing machine by using 1000, 3000, 5000, and 7000 mesh silicon carbide sandpaper in sequence to 0.2 μm or less, ultrasonic cleaning is performed by using ultrapure water and anhydrous ethanol, and air drying is performed. The height of the upper half of the base is 1 mm, and the height of the lower half of the base is 1.5 mm.

[0030] The blind hole is made in the lower half of the base by femtosecond laser technology: a circular shape with a diameter of 80 μm is prepared at the top, the laser power is set to 10%, the frequency is 1000 KHz, and the galvanometer scanning speed is 200 mm / s; a circular shape with a diameter of 50 μm is prepared at the bottom, the laser power is set to 20%, the frequency is 1000 KHz, and the galvanometer scanning speed is 500 mm / s; the top is 100 μm away from the bottom, the area is gradually transitioned from the top to the bottom layer by layer at an interval of every 3 μm by using a ring-shaped decreasing filling method, the laser power is slowly increased from 10% to 20%, the frequency is 1000 KHz, and the galvanometer scanning speed is slowly increased from 200 mm / s to 500 mm / s, and the porosity is 30%.

[0031] In order to highlight the beneficial effects of the present application, the following comparative example experiments are exemplified.

[0032] Comparative Example 1

[0033] As shown in Figure 2As shown, 50nm zirconium oxide particles were used as the slurry raw material, accounting for ≥99% of the composition. Porous zirconium oxide was prepared using 3D printing technology. The sintering temperature was 1350-1450℃. The slurry was polished to below 0.2μm using 1000, 3000, 5000 and 7000 grit silicon carbide sandpaper on a metallographic grinding and polishing machine. The slurry was then ultrasonically cleaned with ultrapure water and anhydrous ethanol and air-dried.

[0034] Comparative Example 2 (Cylindrical blind hole, depth 100μm, diameter 50μm)

[0035] like Figures 3-5 As shown, 50nm zirconium oxide particles, comprising ≥99% of the slurry, were used as the slurry raw material. Poreless zirconium oxide was prepared using 3D printing technology, with a sintering temperature of 1350-1450℃. The slurry was polished to below 0.2μm using 1000, 3000, 5000, and 7000 grit silicon carbide sandpaper on a metallographic polishing machine. The surface was then ultrasonically cleaned with ultrapure water and anhydrous ethanol and air-dried. The upper half of the substrate has a height of 1 mm, and the lower half has a height of 1.5 mm.

[0036] Blind holes were fabricated in the lower half of the substrate using femtosecond laser technology: a femtosecond laser was used with a laser power of 25%, a frequency of 1000KHz, a galvanometer scanning speed of 500mm / s, and a porosity of 30%.

[0037] Comparative Example 3 (cylindrical blind hole, depth 50 μm, diameter 50 μm)

[0038] like Figures 6-8 As shown, 50nm zirconium oxide particles, accounting for ≥99% of the slurry, were used as the raw material to prepare non-porous zirconium oxide using 3D printing technology. The sintering temperature was 1350-1450℃. The slurry was polished to below 0.2μm using 1000, 3000, 5000, and 7000 grit silicon carbide sandpaper on a metallographic polishing machine. The slurry was then ultrasonically cleaned with ultrapure water and anhydrous ethanol and air-dried. The upper half of the substrate had a height of 1 mm, and the lower half had a height of 1.5 mm. Blind holes were fabricated in the lower half of the substrate using femtosecond laser technology: a femtosecond laser with a laser power of 25%, a frequency of 1000 kHz, a galvanometer scanning speed of 500 mm / s, and a porosity of 30% was used.

[0039] Example 3 Cell Attachment Experiment

[0040] (1) Proliferation of oral epithelial cells

[0041] 4 OEC cell culture: The zirconia discs of Examples 1-2, Comparative Examples 1-3 were washed with pure acetone for 20 min, anhydrous ethanol for 10 min, and deionized water for 10 min, and then sterilized by ultraviolet light. The human oral epithelial cell line OEC (CP-H203, Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) was inoculated on the surface of the zirconia discs at 2 x 10 4

[0042] CCK-8 cell counting: The CCK-8 reagent was diluted to a concentration of 10% solution. The inoculated OECs in each group were terminated at 1, 8, 12 hours, and 1, 3, 5, 7 days, respectively, and the 24-well plate was gently shaken and the original culture medium and unattached cells were aspirated. The test piece was removed and placed in a new well of the 24-well plate, and PBS was added to each well for 3 times to remove unattached cells. 500 μL of CCK-8 solution was added to each well, and it was placed in a 37°C incubator for 3 hours in the dark. 100 μL of supernatant solution was transferred from each well to a 96-well plate using a pipette, and 3 times were taken from each well. The optical density (OD) at 450 nm of each well was measured using an enzyme-linked immunometric meter, with 450 nm as the reference wavelength.

[0043] (2) Gingival fibroblast proliferation

[0044] hGF cell culture: The zirconia discs of Examples 1-2, Comparative Examples 1-3 were washed with pure acetone for 20 min, anhydrous ethanol for 10 min, and deionized water for 10 min, and then sterilized by ultraviolet light. The human fibroblast cell line hGF (CL-0356, Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) was inoculated on the surface of the zirconia discs at 2 x 10 4

[0045] ​CCK-8 cell counting: CCK-8 reagent was diluted to a concentration of 10% solution. The hGF seeded in each group was terminated at 1, 8, 12 hours and 1, 3, 5, 7 days, gently shake 24 well plate and absorb the original culture medium and unattached cells. The test piece was taken out and placed in a new hole of 24 well plate, each hole was washed 3 times with PBS to remove unattached cells. 500 μL CCK-8 solution was added to each hole, and placed in a 37°C incubator for 3 hours in the dark. 100 μL solution of supernatant in each hole was transferred to a 96 well plate with a pipette, 3 times per hole. The optical density (OD) of each hole at 450 nm was measured by enzyme-linked immunometric meter, with 450 nm as the reference wavelength.

[0046] The results of oral epithelial cell proliferation experiment are shown in Table 1, and the OEC cells in each group showed a slow proliferation trend at 1, 3, 5 days, and the difference was not large, but the OEC cell proliferation in Example 2 group was significantly inhibited at 7 days, and the proliferation trend was weakened, while the remaining groups still showed a proliferation trend, especially in Example 1 group. Figure 16

[0047] The results of gingival fibroblast proliferation experiment are shown in Table 2, and the hGF cells in each group showed a proliferation trend at 1, 3, 5, 7 days, and the proliferation trend in Example 2 group was the most obvious. Figure 17

[0048] As shown above, the Example 2 group has an inhibitory effect on OEC cell proliferation in the later stage, and has a promoting effect on hGF cell proliferation, which is consistent with the process of closed formation between the implant abutment and the surrounding soft tissue. In the early stage of healing, OEC cells adhere quickly to form a good epithelial attachment and resist the invasion of external pathogens; in the later stage, the proliferation of OEC cells is inhibited, and the proliferation of hGF cells is promoted, forming a more reliable connective tissue attachment and further enhancing the resistance, ultimately achieving good closed formation. The design has the effect of promoting the formation of a good closed between the implant abutment and the surrounding soft tissue, which is beneficial to the long-term stability of implant restoration, improves the success rate of implantation, reduces the number of patient visits and the cost of later treatment, and plays a very important role in improving the quality of life of patients.

[0049] The above-described examples are merely preferred embodiments of the present application and do not limit the scope of the present application. Without departing from the design spirit of the present application, various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the present application made by those skilled in the art shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present application.​​

Claims

1. A multi-stage zirconia abutment to regulate the closure of soft tissue around the implant abutment, characterized by: The cross section is inverted isosceles trapezoid, the upper half of the zirconia base is 1-2 mm in height, the lower half of the zirconia base is 1-2.5 mm in height, the outer side of the lower half is uniformly distributed with a plurality of funnel-shaped blind holes, the top diameter of the blind holes is 50-150 μm, the bottom diameter is 30-50 μm, and the depth is 10-200 μm; the roughness of the outer side of the upper half is polished to below 0.2 μm.

2. The multi-level zirconia-based abutment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The area of all the blind holes accounts for 10-60% of the total area of the outer side of the lower half of the zirconia base.

3. The multi-level zirconia-based abutment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The blind holes are made by femtosecond laser technology.

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