Detachable optical fiber sensing core rod puncture needle

Abstract

The invention provides a detachable optical fiber sensing core rod puncture needle, which comprises an outer needle tube and a detachable inner core rod, and is characterized in that the inner core rod can be inserted into the outer needle tube and is aligned with the needle tip end of the outer needle tube to form a complete puncture needle; and an optical fiber sensor is arranged in the inner core rod and is used for detecting an optical signal of a needle point part in the puncture process of the outer needle tube. According to the detachable optical fiber sensing core rod puncture needle provided by the embodiment of the invention, pluggable configuration of an optical fiber sensor is realized. In the puncturing stage, the optical fiber core rod provides a monitoring function similar to that of the double-optical-fiber puncture needle and assists in judging the position of the needle tip; and when the puncture is successful and indwelling is needed, the optical fiber core rod can be conveniently pulled out, and the inner cavity of the outer needle tube cannot be blocked, so that a guide wire is allowed to pass through or infusion is directly carried out. Compared with a structure of fixing the optical fiber in the needle tube, the design of the invention ensures the continuity of subsequent medical operation, and extra replacement of instruments is not needed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, and in particular to a detachable fiber optic sensing core rod puncture needle. Background Technology

[0002] In procedures such as central venous puncture and arteriovenous catheterization, commonly used puncture needles generally consist of an outer needle and an inner core needle (core). Traditional core needles are mostly hollow metal needles, serving to maintain the rigidity of the puncture needle and form its tip. After successful puncture and blood flow, the core needle is removed, leaving the outer needle in place as a guidewire channel or a direct infusion channel. This sheath-core needle structure is widely used in clinical practice. However, traditional core needles lack sensing capabilities, requiring the operator to rely on blood return or experience to determine whether blood has entered a blood vessel, introducing a degree of uncertainty.

[0003] With the increasing demand for precision medicine, integrating sensors into puncture needles to provide real-time information has become a research hotspot. For example, embedding a fiber optic pulse oximeter into a puncture needle can detect changes in blood oxygen saturation the moment it enters the blood vessel. However, directly fixing the fiber optic cable inside the puncture needle would interfere with the removal of the core tube and the placement of the external catheter. Therefore, a special design is needed so that the fiber optic sensor can function during puncture without hindering subsequent steps after a successful puncture.

[0004] Several existing solutions attempt to incorporate sensing functionality into puncture cannulas. For example, some solutions place electrodes near the needle tip to detect changes in blood resistance or mount pressure sensors on the core needle. However, these solutions are either difficult to miniaturize or cannot retain the sensors when the needle is removed. Therefore, a "detachable" sensing core design is essential: the core provides sensing functionality during the puncture phase, and can be removed after the puncture is complete, leaving the original hollow cannula for further procedures. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and proposes a detachable fiber optic sensing core rod puncture needle.

[0006] The present invention provides a detachable fiber optic sensing core rod puncture needle, comprising: an outer needle tube and a detachable inner core rod, wherein the inner core rod can be inserted into the outer needle tube and aligned with the needle tip of the outer needle tube to form a complete puncture needle; An optical fiber sensor is installed inside the inner core rod to detect the optical signal at the needle tip during the puncture of the outer needle tube.

[0007] In some possible embodiments, the front end of the inner core rod has a beveled tip that matches the needle tip of the outer needle tube, and when the inner core rod is inserted into the outer needle tube, the tips of both together form a sharp puncture tip.

[0008] In some possible embodiments, the fiber optic sensor includes an optical fiber disposed within the inner core. The front end of the optical fiber is located near the tip of the needle at the front end of the inner core rod, and the rear end of the optical fiber extends to the rear end of the inner core rod and is connected to an optical fiber interface.

[0009] In some possible embodiments, the fiber optic interface is located at the tail end of the inner core rod for connecting the fiber optic sensor to an external pulse oximeter, so that the connection can be quickly disconnected when the inner core rod is removed.

[0010] In some possible embodiments, the fiber optic sensor is connected to a reusable monitoring device via the fiber optic interface.

[0011] In some possible embodiments, the outer needle tube is a hollow metal needle tube whose inner diameter is adapted to the outer diameter of the inner core rod to maintain concentricity and leave no gaps during insertion, and the inner cavity of the outer needle tube allows the guide wire to pass through after the inner core rod is pulled out.

[0012] In some possible embodiments, a releasable locking mechanism is provided at the connection between the outer needle tube and the inner core rod, the locking mechanism being able to lock the connection between the inner core rod and the outer needle tube during puncture, and to allow the locking to be released and the inner core rod to be pulled out when needed.

[0013] In some possible embodiments, the locking mechanism employs a rotary latch or snap-fit ​​structure between the pin seat and the tail end of the inner core rod.

[0014] In some possible embodiments, the needle hub of the outer needle tube has a sealing valve and a side opening; The sealing valve is used to automatically seal the rear end of the outer needle tube after the inner core rod is pulled out to prevent blood leakage. The side opening is used for guidewire placement or catheter insertion.

[0015] In some possible embodiments, both the inner core rod and the outer needle tube are disposable sterile structures.

[0016] The detachable fiber optic sensing core rod puncture needle of this invention enables a pluggable configuration of the fiber optic sensor. During the puncture phase, the fiber optic core rod provides monitoring functions similar to those of the aforementioned dual-fiber puncture needle, assisting in determining the needle tip position. When the puncture is successful and indwelling is required, the fiber optic core rod can be easily pulled out without obstructing the inner lumen of the outer needle tube, thus allowing the guidewire to pass or direct infusion. Compared to structures where the fiber is fixed inside the needle tube, the design of this invention ensures the continuity of subsequent medical operations without requiring additional instrument replacement. The operator can operate as if using a standard central venous puncture needle, except that a sensing monitoring step is added, greatly improving accuracy.

[0017] Furthermore, the detachable fiber optic sensing core rod puncture needle of this invention is also equipped with a locking mechanism to ensure that the inner core rod will not loosen during puncture, ensuring a safe and smooth puncture process; and a quick-connect fiber optic interface is designed to facilitate disconnection from the monitoring device before removing the core rod. The entire device is used in almost the same way as a conventional puncture needle, making it easy for medical personnel to accept. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the detachable fiber optic sensing core rod puncture needle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the detachable fiber optic sensing core rod puncture needle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention relates to a detachable fiber optic sensing core rod puncture needle, comprising: an outer needle tube 1 and a detachable inner core rod 2, wherein the inner core rod 2 can be inserted into the outer needle tube 1 and aligned with the needle tip of the outer needle tube 1 to form a complete puncture needle. An fiber optic sensor 3 is disposed within the inner core rod 2 for detecting optical signals at the needle tip during puncture of the outer needle tube 1.

[0021] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the detachable fiber optic sensing core rod puncture needle of this invention combines sensing and placement functions. The puncture needle consists of a detachable outer needle tube 1 and an inner core rod 2, wherein the inner core rod 2 integrates a fiber optic sensor 3. During puncture, the inner core rod 2 is placed inside the outer needle tube 1, and the two combine to form a complete puncture needle, which can monitor information such as blood oxygen saturation at the needle tip in real time. After successful puncture, the inner core rod 2 is unlocked and pulled out, while the outer needle tube 1 remains in the blood vessel, achieving the same function as a conventional cannula needle.

[0022] The detachable fiber optic sensing core rod puncture needle of this invention enables a pluggable configuration of the fiber optic sensor. During the puncture phase, the inner core rod equipped with the fiber optic sensor provides blood oxygen saturation monitoring to assist in determining the needle tip position. When the puncture is successful and indwelling is required, the inner core rod can be easily pulled out without obstructing the inner lumen of the outer needle tube, thus allowing the guidewire to pass or direct infusion. Compared to structures where the fiber optic cable is fixed inside the needle tube, the design of this invention ensures the continuity of subsequent medical operations without requiring additional instrument replacement. The operator can operate as if using a conventional central venous puncture needle, except that the added sensing monitoring step greatly improves accuracy.

[0023] The specific process for monitoring blood oxygen saturation as described above can be as follows: When the needle tip enters a blood vessel, the intensity of reflected light from different wavelengths changes significantly due to direct contact with the blood. The needle can use red or infrared light, whose absorption characteristics in the blood vary with blood oxygen content; therefore, the intensity ratio reflects the blood's oxygenation level. Simultaneously, blood flow within the vessel is driven by the heartbeat, resulting in periodic pulsations in the light signal. If the needle tip does not enter the vessel, the optical fiber detects a tissue background signal, with a relatively stable intensity ratio and lacking significant pulsation. Once inside the vessel, the intensity ratio changes abruptly, and pulsation fluctuations are detected simultaneously. Therefore, by analyzing these characteristics in real time, a successful puncture is only determined when an abnormal change in the intensity ratio is detected accompanied by a heartbeat pulsation signal, significantly reducing the possibility of misjudgment. Furthermore, by comparing the blood oxygen saturation level and pulsation intensity corresponding to the intensity ratio, it is possible to distinguish whether the needle tip has entered a vein or an artery: venous blood oxygen saturation is typically around 70%, with a weak pulsation signal, while arterial blood oxygen saturation is close to 95% or higher, with significant pulsation. Therefore, when arterial features are identified, a warning device can be used to alert the operator to avoid accidentally inserting the catheter into an artery.

[0024] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the front end of the inner core rod 2 has a beveled tip that matches the needle tip of the outer needle tube 1. When the inner core rod 2 is inserted into the outer needle tube 1, the tips of the two together form a sharp puncture tip.

[0025] Specifically, such as Figure 1As shown, the puncture needle of this embodiment includes a metal outer needle tube 1 and a mating inner core rod 2. The outer needle tube 1 is similar to a conventional central venous puncture needle, with its length and diameter determined according to clinical needs (e.g., 7 cm long, 18G diameter). The front end of the outer needle tube 1 is a sharp beveled needle tip for puncturing the skin and blood vessel wall. The inner core rod 2 is made of a slender, rigid material, with a length comparable to that of the outer needle tube 1, allowing it to be fully inserted into the outer needle tube 1. The front end of the inner core rod 2 is also a beveled tip, precisely machined to match the shape of the needle tip of the outer needle tube 1. When the inner core rod 2 is inserted into the outer needle tube 1, the tips of the two combine to form a complete sharp point, thus enabling puncture. The outer diameter of the inner core rod 2 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the outer needle tube 1, allowing for smooth insertion while minimizing gaps. Preferably, the gap is controlled within 0.1 mm to ensure that the two are coaxial during puncture, without wobbling or deflection.

[0026] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the fiber optic sensor 3 includes an optical fiber disposed within the inner core rod 2; the front end of the optical fiber is located near the needle tip at the front end of the inner core rod 2, and the rear end of the optical fiber extends to the rear end of the inner core rod 2 and is connected to an optical fiber interface.

[0027] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the inner core rod 2 houses a fiber optic sensor 3. In practice, a small hole or channel can be drilled axially in the inner core rod 2 to house the fiber optic cable. The fiber optic type can be plastic fiber or small-diameter quartz fiber, allowing simultaneous transmission of red and infrared light for blood oxygen detection. The fiber's tip is located near the tip of the inner core rod 2, and to protect it, it can be slightly recessed about 0.5 mm inside the metal tip, with a window sealed with transparent adhesive to allow contact with external blood. The fiber's rear end extends to the tail of the inner core rod, connecting to a miniature fiber optic connector. This connector is fixed to the tail of the inner core rod; when the inner core rod 2 is inserted into the needle holder, the connector sits outside the needle holder, facilitating connection to the fiber optic cable of external detection equipment.

[0028] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the fiber optic interface is located at the tail end of the inner core rod 2, used to connect the fiber optic sensor 3 to an external pulse oximeter, allowing for quick disconnection when the inner core rod 2 is removed. The fiber optic sensor 3 can be connected to reusable monitoring equipment via the fiber optic interface.

[0029] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the outer needle tube 1 is a hollow metal needle tube, and its inner diameter is adapted to the outer diameter of the inner core rod 2 so as to maintain concentricity and leave no gap during insertion. After the inner core rod 2 is pulled out, the inner cavity of the outer needle tube 1 allows the guide wire to pass through.

[0030] For example, such as Figure 1As shown, a releasable locking mechanism is provided at the connection between the outer needle tube 1 and the inner core rod 2. The locking mechanism can lock the connection between the inner core rod 2 and the outer needle tube 1 during puncture, and allow the locking to be released and the inner core rod 2 to be pulled out when needed.

[0031] Specifically, to prevent the mandrel from loosening during puncture, this embodiment of the invention includes a locking mechanism. The locking mechanism can employ a rotary lock or snap-lock structure between the needle hub and the tail end of the mandrel. Once the inner mandrel 2 is fully inserted into and aligned with the outer needle tube 1, the tail end of the mandrel is rotated or the locking button is pressed to lock it against the needle hub. This prevents relative movement of the mandrel during puncture, ensuring the integrity of the needle tip and reliable force application. The design of the locking mechanism can refer to the locking method of existing puncture needles, requiring that it can be unlocked with one hand for subsequent removal of the mandrel.

[0032] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the needle hub of the outer needle tube 1 has a sealing valve and a side opening; the sealing valve is used to automatically close the rear end of the outer needle tube 1 after the inner core rod 2 is pulled out to prevent blood leakage, and the side opening is used for guidewire insertion or catheter insertion.

[0033] In some embodiments, both the inner core rod 2 and the outer needle tube 1 are disposable sterile structures.

[0034] The following describes the usage process of the detachable fiber optic sensing core rod puncture needle according to an embodiment of the present invention: Combined Figure 1 During the puncture procedure, the puncture needle of this embodiment is used according to the following steps: First, insert the inner core rod 2 into the outer needle tube 1 and lock it in place; the two together form the prepared puncture needle. Then, connect the fiber optic sensor to the blood oxygen monitoring device and turn on the device to begin monitoring. The operator holds the needle hub in one hand and inserts the puncture needle into the target vein using standard aseptic techniques. During the puncture, the monitoring device displays the blood oxygen saturation and pulse signal at the needle tip in real time. When the device indicates that the needle tip has entered the vein (e.g., a SpO2 reading is displayed within the vein or an indicator light illuminates), the needle insertion can be stopped. At this time, a small amount of venous blood return into the needle hub is usually observed, indicating success. Next, the operator unlocks the core rod and slowly pulls out the inner core rod 2 along with the fiber optic sensor 3, placing it properly to avoid contamination. Since the outer needle tube 1 remains inside the blood vessel and its lumen is unobstructed after the inner core rod 2 is pulled out, a guidewire can be inserted through the outer needle tube 1, and catheter placement can be completed using the Seldinger technique. When the inner core rod 2 is pulled out, the self-sealing valve of the needle hub will temporarily prevent blood from spraying out until the guidewire or syringe is connected.

[0035] It is important to note that the connection between the fiber optic sensor 3 and the device must be disconnected before removing the inner core rod 2. Therefore, this embodiment of the invention employs a fast fiber optic interface, allowing the connection to be disconnected within seconds. Since optical fibers are generally thin, care must be taken to avoid severe bending when removing the core rod to protect its integrity so that the core rod and optical fiber can be safely disposed of as medical waste. If the fiber optic sensor needs to be used multiple times, a detachable connection between the fiber optic sensor and the core rod can be considered; however, based on aseptic principles, the core rod is typically designed for single use.

[0036] The structure of this invention ensures a smooth transition in the puncture procedure. On one hand, during the puncture exploration phase, the fiber optic core rod plays a crucial role, allowing the operator to promptly ascertain the needle tip's position, thus improving the success rate. On the other hand, during the catheter placement phase, the sensing components are completely removed, preventing interference with guidewire passage and catheter insertion. This "plug-and-play" sensing core rod mode can be widely applied to various procedures requiring puncture positioning. For example, when applied to arterial puncture, it can assess blood oxygenation and waveform in the artery in real time, aiding in positioning; when applied to lumbar puncture, it can also indicate the location of the subarachnoid space by monitoring the optical properties of cerebrospinal fluid (of course, different types of sensing principles are required). Therefore, this invention has broad clinical significance.

[0037] In summary, through the rational selection of specific materials and dimensions, the puncture needle of this invention can meet the requirements of single-use sterility. The inner core rod and outer needle tube are assembled, tested, sealed, and sterilized before leaving the factory. During use, except for the additional step of connecting the monitoring device, the method is no different from that of a standard puncture needle, making it easy for medical personnel to master. This invention integrates advanced fiber optic sensing technology into traditional puncture instruments, providing an effective solution to reduce the risks of procedures such as central venous puncture and improve operational efficiency.

[0038] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A detachable fiber optic sensing core rod puncture needle, characterized in that, include: An outer needle tube and a detachable inner core rod, wherein the inner core rod can be inserted into the outer needle tube and aligned with the needle tip of the outer needle tube to form a complete puncture needle; An optical fiber sensor is installed inside the inner core rod to detect the optical signal at the needle tip during the puncture of the outer needle tube.

2. The detachable fiber optic sensing core rod puncture needle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner core rod has a beveled tip that matches the needle tip of the outer needle tube. When the inner core rod is inserted into the outer needle tube, the tips of both together form a sharp puncture tip.

3. The detachable fiber optic sensing core rod puncture needle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber optic sensor includes an optical fiber disposed within the inner core rod; The front end of the optical fiber is located near the tip of the needle at the front end of the inner core rod, and the rear end of the optical fiber extends to the rear end of the inner core rod and is connected to an optical fiber interface.

4. The detachable fiber optic sensing core rod puncture needle according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fiber optic interface is located at the tail end of the inner core rod and is used to connect the fiber optic sensor to an external pulse oximeter so that the connection can be quickly disconnected when the inner core rod is removed.

5. The detachable fiber optic sensing core rod puncture needle according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fiber optic sensor is connected to a reusable monitoring device via the fiber optic interface.

6. The detachable fiber optic sensing core rod puncture needle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The outer needle tube is a hollow metal needle tube, and its inner diameter is adapted to the outer diameter of the inner core rod so as to maintain concentricity and leave no gap during insertion. After the inner core rod is pulled out, the inner cavity of the outer needle tube allows the guide wire to pass through.

7. The detachable fiber optic sensing core rod puncture needle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The connection between the outer needle tube and the inner core rod is provided with a releasable locking mechanism. The locking mechanism can lock the connection between the inner core rod and the outer needle tube during puncture, and allow the locking to be released and the inner core rod to be pulled out when needed.

8. The detachable fiber optic sensing core rod puncture needle according to claim 7, characterized in that, The locking mechanism employs a rotary lock or snap-lock structure between the pin seat and the tail end of the inner core rod.

9. The detachable fiber optic sensing core rod puncture needle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The needle hub of the outer needle tube has a sealing valve and a side opening; The sealing valve is used to automatically seal the rear end of the outer needle tube after the inner core rod is pulled out to prevent blood leakage. The side opening is used for guidewire placement or catheter insertion.

10. The detachable fiber optic sensing core rod puncture needle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Both the inner core rod and the outer needle tube are disposable sterile structures.

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