A breast cancer pathological demonstration teaching aid

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of medical teaching aids, in particular to a breast cancer pathological demonstration teaching aid, which comprises a base and two models rotating on the base, the two models are symmetrically designed, the two models are folded to form a chest model, and the two models can be installed and adjusted with internal tissue devices when unfolded; a functional inner cavity is formed in the inside of the model, an assembly plate is installed in the functional inner cavity, a capsule is installed on the assembly plate, the capsule is a semi-elliptical shell, the capsule is hollow, and a reaction medium capable of hardening or softening is designed in the capsule; a variable assembly, the reaction medium can be driven to be solid or liquid by the variable assembly to simulate malignant or benign tumors, and the present application can simulate palpation of the activity, adhesion, hardness and size of the lump.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of medical teaching aids, in particular to a breast cancer pathological demonstration teaching aid. BACKGROUND

[0002] In medical colleges or clinical teaching, the display or demonstration of breast cancer pathology is usually achieved by pre-prepared board writing or media in accordance with teaching needs, which affects students' understanding of pathology, especially the palpation type of pathological feeling, unless real clinical palpation.

[0003] In the palpation teaching, the learner or teacher needs to understand the palpation target, analyze the target and make a preliminary diagnosis, and then cooperate with medical imaging to make accurate judgments. Although the existing patent document CN102708747A discloses a breast cancer invasive growth model teaching aid, the demonstration effect of the teaching aid is single, and the soft and hard switching of the breast cancer lump, the activity of the lump, and the dimpling sign cannot be truly demonstrated. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a breast cancer pathological demonstration teaching aid, which can simulate palpation of the activity, adhesion, hardness and size of the lump.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme:

[0006] A breast cancer pathological demonstration teaching aid, comprising:

[0007] a base and two models rotating thereon, the two models are symmetrically designed, the two models are folded to form a chest model, and the two models are oppositely unfolded to install and adjust internal organ devices; a functional inner cavity is formed in the inside of the model, an assembly plate is installed in the functional inner cavity, a capsule is installed on the assembly plate, the capsule is a semi-elliptical shell, the capsule is hollow, and a reaction medium capable of hardening or softening is designed in the capsule; a variable assembly, the reaction medium can be driven to be solid or liquid by the variable assembly to simulate malignant or benign tumors.

[0008] Optionally, the reaction medium is a magneto-rheological fluid, the capsule is made of silica gel material, and the magneto-rheological fluid is a carbonyl iron powder-silicone oil-based magneto-rheological fluid.

[0009] Optionally, the variable assembly comprises a surrounding support designed on the assembly plate, the capsule is installed on the surrounding support, a controllable direct current electromagnetic coil is installed on the assembly plate, the direct current electromagnetic coil is associated with an external adjustable direct current power supply, the direct current electromagnetic coil surrounds the periphery of the surrounding support, and the capsule is located at the top of the direct current electromagnetic coil.

[0010] Optionally, a bearing seat is fixedly installed in the functional inner cavity, the bearing seat is provided with a ball seat, a ball head is connected to the ball seat through a ball socket, a pin seat is fixedly connected to the ball head, and the pin seat is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the assembly plate.

[0011] Optionally, the compression assembly comprises a threaded groove formed in the bearing seat, the threaded groove is in communication with the ball seat, a threaded column is threadedly assembled in the threaded groove, a socket plate is fixedly installed at one end of the threaded column in the threaded groove, the socket plate has a contact outer wall matched with the outer wall of the ball head, and flexible friction felt is fixedly laid on the contact outer wall.

[0012] Optionally, the advancing direction of the threaded column coincides with the diameter line of the ball head.

[0013] Optionally, an insertion slot is formed in the pin seat, the pin seat is made of iron material, a pin shaft is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the assembly plate, the pin shaft has magnetic ability, the pin seat and the pin shaft are magnetically matched, the end of the pin shaft can be inserted into the insertion slot, and the pin shaft and the pin seat coincide with the diameter line of the ball head.

[0014] Optionally, an air bag is further fixedly installed in the assembly plate, the air bag has an elliptical structure, the air bag has a constant outer wall and a variable outer wall, the variable outer wall is in contact with the bag body, when the air pressure in the air bag is increased, the variable outer wall will expand outward, and the air bag is associated with an external air source.

[0015] Optionally, the model has a simulated dermis layer, the simulated Cooper ligament is taut between the outer wall of the bag body and the dermis layer, and the simulated Cooper ligament is made of nylon material.

[0016] Optionally, a bearing plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the model, the bearing plate extends outwardly to have an axle ear, a rotating shaft is fixedly installed on the axle ear, the rotating shafts are rotatably penetrated into the interior of the base, a gear is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the rotating shaft in the base, and the two gears are meshingly connected.

[0017] The present application provides a breast cancer pathological demonstration teaching aid, compared with the prior art, has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] I. A bag body is designed in the model, the bag body is filled with a reaction medium, the liquid-solid conversion of the reaction medium is utilized, the lump model can be switched between soft and hard, so that the lump model can be switched.

[0019] II. The ball socket cooperation between the ball head and the ball seat can provide a more comprehensive activity range for the lump, and the compression assembly can lock the displacement of the lump, so that the adhesion of the lump can be simulated, and the activity of the lump can be judged.

[0020] III. By designing the variable outer wall, the inflation of the air bag can be used to force the capsule to deform, thereby simulating the size change between benign and malignant tumor masses, adjusting the size of the outer wall of the mass, and achieving a more realistic and intuitive pathological demonstration process. Other beneficial effects will be further described in conjunction with the specific embodiments below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the outer wall structure of the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the disassembly structure of the present application;

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure inside the base of the present application;

[0024] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the rear view structure of the present application; Figure 1

[0025] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure along the A-A section of the present application; Figure 4

[0026] Figure 6 is an enlarged view of the structure at B in the present application. Figure 5

[0027] In the figure: 1, model; 2, base; 3, bearing plate; 4, shaft; 5, gear; 6, capsule; 7, air bag; 8, assembly plate; 9, DC electromagnetic coil; 11, pin shaft; 12, pin seat; 13, ball head; 14, ball seat; 15, socket plate; 16, threaded column; 17, bearing seat; 18, simulated Cooper ligament. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0029] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 , the present application provides a technical solution: a breast cancer pathological demonstration teaching aid, comprising:

[0030] ​​​The base 2 and the two models 1 rotating on the base 2, the two models 1 are symmetrically designed, the two models 1 are folded to form a chest model, and the two models 1 are oppositely unfolded to be installed and adjusted internal organization devices; a functional inner cavity is formed in the inside of the model 1, an assembly plate 8 is installed in the functional inner cavity, a capsule 6 is installed on the assembly plate 8, the capsule 6 is a semi-elliptical shell, the capsule 6 is hollow, and a reaction medium capable of being hardened or softened is designed in the capsule 6; the reaction medium can be driven to be solid or liquid by a variable assembly to simulate malignant or benign tumors.

[0031] In the prior art, palpation teaching aids are needed to cooperate with medical college or clinical medical teaching, especially in the field of breast cancer, in teaching, students need to use senses to cooperate with images to make a diagnosis and improve the correct rate of diagnosis, and in breast cancer palpation, tumor masses need to be palpated to make a judgment, and palpation needs a lot of experience, therefore, before clinical practice, a lot of palpation practice is needed to assist students to transition through this stage, therefore, in the application, the two models 1 can be configured to have a similar flexibility and deformation coefficient to human chest tissue skin, the touch feeling of the models 1 is similar to that of human skin, the two models 1 can be unfolded or folded, after being unfolded, relevant internal tissues can be inserted or installed into the inside of the models 1, and meanwhile, the two models 1 can also play a role of internal tissue demonstration, after being folded, a diagnosis model is formed, and students can palpate each quadrant of the model. In the prior art, there is no breast cancer pathological demonstration teaching aid that can be folded and unfolded like the present application.

[0032] Preferably, in order to simulate benign or malignant tumor masses, the capsule 6 is designed in the model 1, the capsule 6 is filled with a reaction medium, the reaction medium is switched between solid and liquid to switch between softness and hardness, so that the tumor mass simulation can be changed, and the tumor mass needs to be replaced in the palpation process is avoided, in the specific implementation process, the hardness of the solid can reach a certain hardness, for example, ninety shore A hardness, and the hardness of the liquid after being filled is between thirty and fifty shore A hardness, through the above cooperation, different textures between benign and malignant tumor masses can be simulated, and real operability is provided for palpation.

[0033] The capsule 6 is equivalent to the outer layer of the tumor mass.

[0034] Further preferably, the reaction medium is a magneto-rheological fluid, the capsule 6 is made of silica gel, and the magneto-rheological fluid is a carbonyl iron powder-silicone oil-based magneto-rheological fluid. In this embodiment, the capsule 6 is made of silica gel, which is not magnetically permeable and does not shield or interfere with the external magnetic field. The external magnetic field can penetrate the capsule 6 and act on the magneto-rheological fluid inside. The elasticity of silica gel allows the ball to increase in overall rigidity when the magneto-rheological fluid solidifies, but it will not be brittle. Silica gel is compatible with commonly used magneto-rheological fluid base liquids such as silicone oil or mineral oil and is not prone to swelling or degradation. In the presence of an external magnetic field, micron-sized soft magnetic particles suspended in the carrier liquid of the magneto-rheological fluid are instantaneously magnetized, attracted to each other along the magnetic field lines, and form a chain or columnar structure, resulting in a sharp increase in liquid viscosity and exhibiting a yield stress similar to that of a solid. When the magnetic field is removed, the structure collapses due to thermal motion of the particles, and the fluid immediately returns to its original flow state. Therefore, it can quickly switch between different states. When the touch is a benign tumor, the touch can be changed by quickly switching between different states, making it possible to feel the difference between the tumors during palpation, and it has strong demonstration and learning significance.

[0035] In addition, the solid-liquid switching is in the order of milliseconds, which is efficient and of high quality.

[0036] On the basis of the reaction medium embodiment, the variable assembly includes a surrounding support designed on the assembly plate 8, the capsule 6 is installed on the surrounding support, and a controllable direct-current electromagnetic coil 9 is installed on the assembly plate 8. The direct-current electromagnetic coil 9 is associated with an external adjustable direct-current power supply, and the direct-current electromagnetic coil 9 surrounds the periphery of the surrounding support, and the capsule 6 is located at the top of the direct-current electromagnetic coil 9. In this embodiment, an implementation scheme of an external magnetic field is provided, as shown in Figure 6 The direct-current electromagnetic coil 9 can be replaced with a commercial electromagnetic module, the voltage of the adjustable direct-current power supply is controlled at zero to twenty-four volts, and the current is controlled at zero to five amperes. The surrounding support is made of non-magnetic material. The working of the direct-current electromagnetic coil 9 provides an external magnetic field, so that the magneto-rheological fluid is at the top of the direct-current electromagnetic coil 9. Due to the small mass of the magneto-rheological fluid and the small size of the capsule 6, the non-uniformity of the magnetic field can be ignored, which can be understood as approximately uniform, and the driving quality of the external magnetic field on the magneto-rheological fluid can be ensured.

[0037] Preferably, on the basis of the reaction medium embodiment, a bearing seat 17 is fixedly installed in the functional inner cavity, the bearing seat 17 is provided with a ball seat 14, the ball seat 14 is connected with a ball head 13 through a ball socket, the ball head 13 is fixedly connected with a pin seat 12, the pin seat 12 is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the assembly plate 8, the ball seat 14 is provided with a compression assembly for limiting the rotation of the ball head 13, in this embodiment, since most of the benign mass is not adhered and has strong activity, while the malignant mass is adhered to the deep part and its activity is limited, so as to simulate the different activity degrees between the benign mass and the malignant mass, the ball head 13 can be limited through the compression assembly, and in the palpation process, the activity of the mass needs to be diagnosed, and the ball socket connection mode can make the mass more fully active.

[0038] Further, the compression assembly comprises a threaded groove opened in the bearing seat 17, the threaded groove is communicated with the ball seat 14, a threaded column 16 is screwedly assembled in the threaded groove, a socket plate 15 is fixedly installed at one end of the threaded column 16 in the threaded groove, the socket plate 15 has a contact outer wall matched with the outer wall of the ball head 13, and flexible friction felt is fixedly laid on the contact outer wall, in this embodiment, the threaded column 16 can approach the ball head 13 in the rotation process, so that the socket plate 15 can contact with the outer wall of the ball head 13, and the flexible friction felt can optimize the contact process, reduce the hard contact, and provide a better friction environment.

[0039] Further, the advancing direction of the threaded column 16 coincides with the diameter line of the ball head 13.

[0040] Further, the pin seat 12 is provided with an insertion slot, the pin seat 12 is made of iron material, the outer wall of the assembly plate 8 is fixedly installed with a pin shaft 11, the pin shaft 11 has magnetic ability, the pin seat 12 and the pin shaft 11 form magnetic attraction cooperation, the end of the pin shaft 11 can form plug-in cooperation with the insertion slot, the pin shaft 11 and the pin seat 12 both coincide with the diameter line of the ball head 13, and the plug-in design of the pin shaft 11 and the pin seat 12 can replace the overall module on the assembly plate 8, so as to be matched with the pathological characteristics of other tissues, thereby providing an assembly basis for other pathological demonstrations.

[0041] Preferably, on the basis of the reaction medium embodiment, the assembly plate 8 is further fixedly installed with an air bag 7, the air bag 7 has an elliptical structure, the air bag 7 has a constant outer wall and a variable outer wall, the variable outer wall is in contact with the capsule 6, when the air pressure in the air bag 7 increases, the variable outer wall will expand outward, the air bag 7 is associated with an external air source, in this embodiment, the deformation of the capsule 6 can be forced by the expansion of the air bag 7, so as to simulate the size change between the benign mass and the malignant mass, the size of the outer wall of the mass is adjusted, and a more realistic breast cancer pathological simulation demonstration effect is obtained.

[0042] Preferably, on the basis of the above embodiment, the model 1 has a simulated dermis layer, and a simulated Cooper ligament 18 is taut between the outer wall of the capsule 6 and the dermis layer, the simulated Cooper ligament 18 is made of nylon material, in the prior art, dimpling is one of the important signs of breast cancer, however, the existing breast cancer pathological demonstration teaching aid does not consider the dimpling, in order to realize more intuitive and real color, after invading the simulated Cooper ligament, the ligament originally used to maintain the structure of the breast, after invasion, the ligament shortens and hardens, which will cause the skin to inwardly sag, therefore, when the lump is fixed and adhered, that is, there is no activity, during palpation of the lump, the hardened ligament will cause the skin to inwardly sag along with the pressing of the lump, therefore, in the embodiment, the simulated Cooper ligament 18 can inwardly sag the skin by pulling the dermis layer, thereby providing more intuitive display for teaching.

[0043] Further, the bottom of the model 1 is fixedly installed with a bearing plate 3, the bearing plate 3 outwardly extends with an axle lug, the axle lug is fixedly installed with a rotating shaft 4, the two rotating shafts 4 are rotationally penetrated into the inside of the base 2, the outer wall of the rotating shaft 4 in the base 2 is fixedly installed with a gear 5, the two gears 5 are meshingly connected, when one of the gears 5 rotates, the other gear 5 will be subject to rotation, thereby making the two models 1 opposingly expand, the above structure ensures that the model has good stability during rotation.

[0044] By cooperation of the above structures, the activity, adhesion, hardness and size of the lump can be simulated for palpation, thereby achieving a more real and intuitive pathological demonstration process.

[0045] The standard parts used in the embodiment can be directly purchased from the market, and the non-standard structural parts according to the description and drawings can also be directly processed according to the existing technical knowledge without doubt, meanwhile, the connection mode of each part adopts the mature conventional means in the existing technology, and the machinery, parts and equipment adopt the conventional models in the existing technology, therefore, the specific description is not made here.

[0046] As used herein, the phrase “at least one of” in reference to a list of one or more entities should be understood to mean at least one entity selected from any one of the entity list, but not necessarily including at least one of each and every entity specifically listed within the entity list, and not excluding any combinations of entities in the entity list. This definition also allows that the entities can optionally be present other than the entities expressly identified within the list of entities to which the phrase “at least one of” refers, whether related or unrelated to those entities specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, “at least one of A and B” (or, equivalently, “at least one of A or B”, or, equivalently “at least one of A and / or B”) can refer, in one example, to at least one A, optionally including more than one A, there being no B (and optionally including entities other than B); in another example, to at least one B, optionally including more than one B, there being no A (and optionally including entities other than A); in yet another example, to at least one (optionally including more than one) A, and at least one (optionally including more than one) B (and optionally including entities other than A or B). In other words, the phrases “at least one of’ and “one or more of’ and “and / or” are open-ended expressions that are both conjunctive and disjunctive in operation. For example, each of the expressions “at least one of A, B and C”, “at least one of A, B, or C”, “one or more of A, B, and C”, “one or more of A, B, or C” and “A, B, and / or C” can mean A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, as well as A, B, and C together, and optionally any of the above in combination with at least one other entity not listed.

[0047] While embodiments of the present application have been shown and described with reference to particular embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the application, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A breast cancer pathology demonstration teaching aid, characterized in that: include: Base (2); Two models (1) are rotatably mounted on the base (2); The two models (1) are symmetrically designed, and the two models (1) can be joined together to form a chest model. After the two models (1) are unfolded in opposite directions, internal tissue devices can be installed. The model (1) has a functional cavity inside, an assembly plate (8) is installed inside the functional cavity, a capsule (6) is installed on the assembly plate (8), the capsule (6) is a semi-elliptical shell, the capsule (6) has a hollow structure inside, and the capsule (6) is designed with a reaction medium that can harden and / or soften. A variable component, wherein the reaction medium can be driven by the variable component to be solid or liquid to simulate malignant or benign tumors; The variable component includes a surrounding bracket designed on an assembly plate (8), the capsule (6) is mounted on the surrounding bracket, a controllable DC electromagnetic coil (9) is mounted on the assembly plate (8), the DC electromagnetic coil (9) is associated with an external adjustable DC power supply, the DC electromagnetic coil (9) surrounds the periphery of the surrounding bracket, and the capsule (6) is located on top of the DC electromagnetic coil (9). A bearing seat (17) is fixedly installed inside the functional cavity. The bearing seat (17) has a ball seat (14). A ball head (13) is connected to the ball socket inside the ball seat (14). A pin seat (12) is fixedly connected to the ball head (13). The pin seat (12) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the assembly plate (8). A compression component that restricts the rotation of the ball head (13) is installed inside the ball seat (14).

2. The breast cancer pathology demonstration teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction medium is a magnetorheological fluid, the capsule (6) is made of silicone material, and the magnetorheological fluid is carbonyl iron powder-silicone oil-based magnetorheological fluid.

3. The breast cancer pathology demonstration teaching aid according to claim 2, characterized in that: The compression assembly includes a threaded groove formed on the bearing seat (17), which communicates with the ball seat (14). A threaded post (16) is threadedly fitted in the threaded groove. A retaining plate (15) is fixedly installed at one end of the threaded post (16) located in the threaded groove. The retaining plate (15) has an abutting outer wall that matches the outer wall of the ball head (13). A flexible friction felt is fixedly laid on the abutting outer wall.

4. The breast cancer pathology demonstration teaching aid according to claim 3, characterized in that: The direction of travel of the threaded column (16) coincides with the radial line of the ball head (13).

5. The breast cancer pathology demonstration teaching aid according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pin seat (12) is provided with a slot. The pin seat (12) is made of iron material. The outer wall of the assembly plate (8) is fixedly installed with a pin shaft (11). The pin shaft (11) has magnetic properties. The pin seat (12) and the pin shaft (11) form a magnetic attraction fit. The end of the pin shaft (11) can form a plug-in fit with the slot. The pin shaft (11) and the pin seat (12) both coincide with the diameter of the ball head (13).

6. The breast cancer pathology demonstration teaching aid according to claim 2, characterized in that: An airbag (7) is also fixedly installed inside the assembly plate (8). The airbag (7) has an elliptical structure and a constant outer wall and a variable outer wall. The variable outer wall is in contact with the bladder body (6). When the air pressure inside the airbag (7) increases, the variable outer wall will expand outward. The airbag (7) is associated with an external air source.

7. The breast cancer pathology demonstration teaching aid according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bottom of the model (1) is fixedly installed with a bearing plate (3), the bearing plate (3) extends outward with a shaft lug, and a rotating shaft (4) is fixedly installed on the shaft lug. The two rotating shafts (4) rotate through the interior of the base (2). The outer wall of the rotating shaft (4) located inside the base (2) is fixedly installed with a gear (5), and the two gears (5) mesh and connect.

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