A system and method for co-controlling arsenic pollution and greenhouse gases in a rice field

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of rice field arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas collaborative management's regulation and control system and method, it is related to agricultural soil remediation technical field, this rice field arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas collaborative management's regulation and control system includes: rice field information acquisition module, material storage and supply scattering and application module, liquid storage drip irrigation module, equipment intelligent control module and collaborative control auxiliary module;Wherein, rice field information acquisition module is used to obtain information and transmission to equipment intelligent control module;Material storage and supply scattering and application module are used to store material and carry out scattering and application;Liquid storage drip irrigation module is used to mix solution and transport to rice field;Equipment intelligent control module is used to construct control scheme;Collaborative control auxiliary module is used to carry out the regulation and control of rice field arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas collaborative management, the present application is improved soil environment by using mineral material to carry out soil treatment, guarantee the growth and nutritional requirement of rice, while guaranteeing food safety, improve yield.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural soil remediation technology, in particular, to a system and method for co-controlling arsenic pollution and greenhouse gases in rice fields. BACKGROUND

[0002] Existing rice field ecosystems are facing the dual environmental pressures of increasing arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental geological surveys show that arsenic pollution in rice field soils is widespread and has a high over-standard rate. Under long-term flooding conditions, arsenate in rice field soils is easily reduced by microorganisms into arsenite, which is more mobile and toxic, and is absorbed and enriched in rice grains through rice roots, ultimately entering the food chain. This enrichment process poses significant health risks, and long-term consumption of arsenic-containing rice can cause irreversible damage to the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and other systems. Notably, flooding management significantly promotes the emission of greenhouse gases while increasing arsenic activity. Research data shows that rice fields contribute 22% of global agricultural methane emissions and 11% of nitrous oxide emissions, accounting for 48% of total agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, creating a dual burden of arsenic pollution control and carbon emission reduction.

[0003] Existing technologies focus on single targets (such as reducing arsenic or reducing emissions), lack integrated solutions for co-controlling arsenic bioavailability and greenhouse gases, and have obvious limitations in physical and chemical remediation. For example, lime application can increase pH to inhibit arsenic activity, but the effect is unstable and requires repeated investment. Excessive use can also damage soil structure. Passivation agents (such as sepiolite-red mud composite) require 200-400 kg per mu, which is costly and has limited effect in heavily polluted areas (rice arsenic reduction ≤64.7%).

[0004] And plant remediation also faces bottlenecks, such as hyperaccumulator plants (like pteris vittata) that take years to reduce soil arsenic, have low biomass, and are not suitable for use in cultivated areas. Microbial technology has shown potential in arsenic fixation and carbon reduction (denitrifying bacteria can achieve >90% arsenic fixation efficiency through nitrate reduction coupled with As(III) oxidation, and methanotrophs can reduce 73% CH4), but co-management causes conflicts. These solutions make rice fields face the dual burden of increasing arsenic pollution and carbon emissions, and there is an urgent need to develop an integrated system and method that can co-control arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, has precise and intelligent control capabilities, is easy to operate, and has controllable costs. For the problems in the related art, there is currently no effective solution. SUMMARY

[0005] To overcome the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a system and method for co-controlling arsenic pollution and greenhouse gases in rice fields.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the specific technical solutions adopted by the present application are as follows:

[0007] According to one aspect of the present application, a rice field arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas co-management control system is provided, which comprises a rice field information acquisition module, a material storage and spraying module, a liquid storage and drip irrigation module, an equipment intelligent control module and a co-control auxiliary module.

[0008] The rice field information acquisition module is used to acquire basic information of the rice field, sensor equipment information and drip irrigation equipment information, and transmit the equipment information in real time to the equipment intelligent control module through wireless communication.

[0009] As a preferred solution, the rice field information acquisition module comprises a soil sensor module, a meteorological monitoring module and a rice image acquisition module.

[0010] The soil sensor module is used to acquire soil arsenic content parameters, redox potential parameters and temperature and humidity information.

[0011] The meteorological monitoring module is used to acquire rice field rainfall parameters, rice field illumination parameters and rice field air temperature parameters.

[0012] The rice image acquisition module is used to monitor the growth period vigor parameters of rice according to image recognition technology, and transmit the growth period vigor parameters to the equipment intelligent control module through wireless communication.

[0013] The material storage and spraying module is used to store iron-based mineral materials and manganese-based mineral materials, and set up a feeding and spraying mechanism for spraying.

[0014] As a preferred solution, the material storage and spraying module comprises a material storage module, a metering and feeding module and a mechanical spraying module.

[0015] The material storage module is used to store iron-based mineral materials and manganese-based mineral materials in a hopper.

[0016] The metering and feeding module is used to quantitatively output the iron-based mineral materials and manganese-based mineral materials.

[0017] The mechanical spraying module is used to spray the quantitatively output iron-based mineral materials and manganese-based mineral materials onto the surface of the rice field soil.

[0018] The liquid storage and drip irrigation module is used to mix the storage of nitrate solution through a nitrate mother liquor storage tank, and set up a drip irrigation device to deliver the nitrate solution to the rice field.

[0019] As a preferred solution, the liquid storage and drip irrigation module comprises a nitrate mother liquor storage module, a liquid mixing module, a drip irrigation control module and a delivery pipeline module.

[0020] The nitrate salt mother liquor storage module is configured to store a high-concentration nitrate salt solution in a nitrate salt mother liquor storage tank.

[0021] The liquid mixing module is configured to set a mixing ratio target of the nitrate salt mother liquor and water based on the paddy field basic information, and to mix the nitrate salt mother liquor and water according to the mixing ratio target to form a target-concentration nitrate salt solution.

[0022] The drip irrigation control module is configured to adjust the drip irrigation flow and irrigation frequency according to the control signal of the device intelligent control module.

[0023] The delivery pipeline module is configured to set the drip irrigation pipeline and drip irrigation sprinkler according to the paddy field basic information, and to deliver the mixed nitrate salt solution to the paddy field area through the paddy field drip irrigation pipeline and drip irrigation sprinkler.

[0024] The device intelligent control module is configured to set a paddy field intelligent adjustment device, and to collect device control historical information, and to construct an arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas reduction collaborative control scheme based on the paddy field intelligent adjustment device and the device control historical information.

[0025] As a preferred solution, the device intelligent control module includes a control center module, a data fusion analysis module, and an arsenic pollution control strategy generation module.

[0026] The control center module is configured to receive paddy field basic information, sensor device information, and drip irrigation device information, and to distribute control instructions to other modules.

[0027] The data fusion analysis module is configured to perform fusion analysis on the paddy field basic information, sensor device information, and device control historical information, and to extract key environmental factors and control variables related to paddy field arsenic pollution.

[0028] As a preferred solution, the data fusion analysis module includes a data preprocessing module, a feature extraction module, and a correlation analysis module.

[0029] The data preprocessing module is configured to perform data cleaning on the paddy field basic information, sensor device information, and device control historical information, and to perform format unification.

[0030] The feature extraction module is configured to extract key environmental features and control variables related to arsenic pollution reduction from the cleaned paddy field basic information, sensor device information, and device control historical information.

[0031] The correlation analysis module is configured to establish a correlation model between the key environmental features and control variables based on a multivariate regression analysis algorithm, and to provide analysis results for the arsenic pollution control strategy generation module.

[0032] The arsenic pollution control strategy generation module is configured to construct an arsenic pollution reduction and greenhouse effect synergistic control scheme for the paddy field according to the key environmental factors and control variables, and output control parameters and execution instructions to the synergistic control auxiliary module.

[0033] As a preferred solution, the arsenic pollution control strategy generation module comprises a modeling deduction module and a scheme optimization module.

[0034] The modeling deduction unit is configured to use a multivariate regression analysis algorithm to model and deduce the paddy field basic information, sensor device information, and device control historical information.

[0035] The scheme optimization module is configured to optimize the arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas reduction synergistic control scheme based on the modeling deduction results.

[0036] The synergistic control auxiliary module is configured to adjust the control of the sensor device, the drip irrigation device, the material spreading mechanism, and the nitrate mother liquor tank for the synergistic governance of arsenic pollution and greenhouse gases in the paddy field according to the arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas reduction synergistic control scheme.

[0037] As a preferred solution, the synergistic control auxiliary module comprises an execution control module, a feedback monitoring module, and a human-computer interaction module.

[0038] The execution control module is configured to perform linkage control on the sensor device, the drip irrigation device, the material spreading mechanism, and the nitrate mother liquor tank according to the arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas reduction synergistic control scheme.

[0039] The feedback monitoring module is configured to monitor the execution results in real time and return the monitoring data to the device intelligent control module for dynamic optimization.

[0040] As a preferred solution, the feedback monitoring module comprises an arsenic content monitoring module, an oxidation-reduction potential monitoring module, and a rice growth monitoring module.

[0041] The arsenic content monitoring module is configured to set monitoring sensors according to the paddy field basic information, and monitor the change of arsenic content in the paddy field soil.

[0042] The oxidation-reduction potential monitoring module is configured to set oxidation-reduction potential monitoring devices according to the paddy field basic information, and use the oxidation-reduction potential to monitor and collect the oxidation-reduction potential of the paddy field water body.

[0043] The rice growth monitoring module is configured to set a rice growth monitoring device, and dynamically feedback the physiological state of the rice growth period in combination with the acquired monitoring image recognition results.

[0044] The human-computer interaction module is used for providing a visual interface of a control scheme and an execution process, and manually intervening or correcting a strategy of system parameters.

[0045] According to another aspect of the present application, a method for controlling arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas in a rice field is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0046] S1, obtaining basic information of the rice field, sensor device information and drip irrigation device information, and transmitting the device information to the device intelligent control module in real time through wireless communication;

[0047] S2, storing iron-based mineral materials and manganese-based mineral materials, and setting a feeding and spreading mechanism for spreading;

[0048] S3, mixing the stored nitrate solution through a nitrate mother liquor storage tank, and setting a drip irrigation device to deliver the nitrate solution to the rice field;

[0049] S4, setting a rice field intelligent adjustment device, and collecting device control historical information, combining the device control historical information with the rice field intelligent adjustment device to build an arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas reduction collaborative control scheme;

[0050] S5, adjusting the control sensor device, the drip irrigation device, the feeding and spreading mechanism and the nitrate mother liquor storage tank according to the arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas reduction collaborative control scheme to control the arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas in the rice field.

[0051] The present application has the following advantages:

[0052] 1, the present application uses iron-based or manganese-based mineral materials for soil treatment, which can fix arsenic through adsorption, coprecipitation and redox, especially oxidize As(III) to As(V), reduce its biological availability and reduce the absorption of arsenic by rice, and use nitrate-containing solution to accurately apply to the root zone of the rice field through the drip irrigation system, use nitrate as an electron acceptor to inhibit the activity of methanogens, reduce methane emissions, and at the same time, couple with iron / manganese-type electron acceptor to participate in complete denitrification process, reduce nitrous oxide emissions, and through the influence of soil oxidation-reduction potential and microbial community, optimize the fixation and form of arsenic, promote the stable deposition of arsenic, and through the improvement of soil environment, provide more superior nutrient conditions for the growth of rice, use the application of nitrate to inhibit the emission of greenhouse gases, also provide essential nitrogen source for rice, help the healthy growth of crops, thereby realizing the improvement of soil environment, guaranteeing the growth and nutritional needs of rice, ensuring food safety and improving yield.

[0053] 2、The present application optimizes the mineral application amount, the nitrate solution application amount and the irrigation mode in real time, avoids the negative effects caused by single measures through intelligent control, avoids the side effects of single management mode through precise control, ensures the synergistic benefits of arsenic pollution reduction and greenhouse gas emission inhibition, plays a synergistic effect, and through intelligent control, precise application of mineral materials and nitrate solution, reduces unnecessary chemical input, reduces agricultural production cost, so that the present application optimizes the soil environment, reduces environmental risk (such as nitrate leaching), at the same time improves the water management efficiency, and reduces the amount of mineral materials and nitrate, reduces the potential environmental risk. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0054] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0055] Figure 1 is a system block diagram of a rice field arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas collaborative management control system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] Figure 2 is a method flowchart of a rice field arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas collaborative management control method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Figure 3 is a mineral material combination mode diagram in a rice field arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas collaborative management control system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Figure 4 is a decision rule reference diagram in a rice field arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas collaborative management control system according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0059] In the figure:

[0060] 1, rice field information acquisition module; 2, material storage and application module; 3, liquid storage and drip irrigation module; 4, intelligent control module of equipment; 5, collaborative control auxiliary module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The specific embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present application, but not to limit the scope of the present application.

[0062] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0063] According to embodiments of the present invention, a control system and method for the synergistic treatment of arsenic pollution and greenhouse gases in paddy fields are provided.

[0064] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. According to one embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, according to one aspect of the present invention, a control system for the synergistic treatment of arsenic pollution and greenhouse gases in paddy fields is provided. The system includes: a paddy field information acquisition module 1, a material storage, supply and application module 2, a liquid storage and drip irrigation module 3, an equipment intelligent control module 4, and a synergistic control auxiliary module 5.

[0065] The paddy field information acquisition module 1 is used to acquire basic information about the paddy field, sensor equipment information and drip irrigation equipment information, and transmit the equipment information to the equipment intelligent control module 4 in real time via wireless communication.

[0066] As a preferred embodiment, the paddy field information acquisition module 1 includes: a soil sensor module, a meteorological monitoring module, and a rice image acquisition module;

[0067] The soil sensor module is used to acquire soil arsenic content parameters, redox potential parameters, and temperature and humidity information.

[0068] Specifically, arsenic content sensors (such as voltammetric sensors or portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometers) are used to determine the available arsenic content in the soil in situ. Soil Eh values ​​are monitored using redox potential electrodes, and soil temperature and humidity data are collected using a temperature and humidity composite sensor. All sensors are networked via IoT nodes, transmitting data in real time to an intelligent control platform. The data is processed by a data fusion module to generate control parameters, providing data support for decisions regarding mineral application and nitrate drip irrigation. A periodic sampling strategy (e.g., sampling every 4 hours) is employed, with increased monitoring frequency during key rice growth stages (such as tillering and heading stages) to ensure data timeliness. Simultaneously, environmental parameters such as rainfall and sunlight obtained from meteorological stations are used to predict arsenic activation risk and greenhouse gas emission potential through machine learning models, enabling predictive regulation. Basic information obtained from paddy fields includes total soil arsenic, available arsenic, pH, organic matter, and soil sand content.

[0069] The meteorological monitoring module is used to collect rainfall parameters, light parameters, and air temperature parameters of the paddy fields.

[0070] The rice image acquisition module is configured to monitor growth period vigor parameters of the rice according to image recognition technology, and transmit the growth period vigor parameters to the device intelligent control module 4 through wireless communication.

[0071] The material storage and supply and application module 2 is configured to store the iron-based mineral material and the manganese-based mineral material, and set a feeding and application mechanism to apply the materials;

[0072] As a preferred solution, the material storage and supply and application module 2 comprises a material storage module, a metering and feeding module, and a mechanical application module.

[0073] The material storage module is configured to set a silo to store the iron-based mineral material and the manganese-based mineral material.

[0074] Specifically, the silo can also store iron-based or manganese-based mineral powders according to the requirements at the time of use, such as premixed ferrous sulfate / lime powder, modified iron-sulfur mineral powder, manganese nitrate, and iron-containing or manganese-containing biochar composite materials.

[0075] The metering and feeding module is configured to quantitatively output the iron-based mineral material and the manganese-based mineral material.

[0076] Specifically, the metering and feeding module is provided with a plurality of existing metering and feeding devices to accurately control the application amount.

[0077] The mechanical application module is configured to apply the quantitatively output iron-based mineral material and manganese-based mineral material to the surface of the paddy field soil.

[0078] Specifically, 3-7 days before transplanting, the control system selects and calculates the type and quality of the base mineral / nitrate according to the soil arsenic data, mixes it into the 0-20 cm soil layer by rotary tillage, and the mechanical application module is provided with a plurality of application mechanisms such as pneumatic conveying nozzles or mechanical application discs, and can be carried on agricultural machinery or unmanned aerial vehicles to realize precise variable application.

[0079] The liquid storage and drip irrigation module 3 is configured to mix the nitrate salt solution by a nitrate salt mother liquor storage tank, and set a drip irrigation device to deliver the nitrate salt solution to the paddy field.

[0080] As a preferred solution, the liquid storage and drip irrigation module 3 comprises a nitrate salt mother liquor storage module, a liquid mixing module, a drip irrigation control module, and a delivery pipeline module.

[0081] The nitrate salt mother liquor storage module is configured to set a nitrate salt mother liquor storage tank to store high-concentration nitrate salt solution.

[0082] The liquid mixing module is configured to set a mixing ratio target of the nitrate salt mother liquor and water based on the basic information of the paddy field, and mix them according to the mixing ratio target to form a target concentration of the nitrate salt solution.

[0083] Specifically, according to the paddy field basic information (including soil type, rice growth stage, soil arsenic content, oxidation-reduction potential, and temperature and humidity parameters), the mixing ratio target of nitrate mother liquor and water is set, the current soil environment data is obtained through the real-time data monitoring module, and the mixing ratio target is dynamically adjusted combined with historical data and weather forecast, to ensure that the concentration of nitrate solution meets the current demand of paddy field. After setting the mixing ratio target, the flow of the nitrate mother liquor pump and the water pump is automatically controlled by the intelligent control module, and the mixing is carried out according to the set ratio to form a nitrate solution with a target concentration. The mixed solution is accurately applied to the root zone of the paddy field through the drip irrigation system to ensure uniform distribution and efficient use of nitrate.

[0084] The drip irrigation control module is used to adjust the drip irrigation flow and irrigation frequency according to the control signal of the equipment intelligent control module 4.

[0085] The conveying pipeline module is used to set the drip irrigation pipeline and drip irrigation emitter according to the paddy field basic information, and drip irrigate the mixed nitrate solution to the paddy field area through the paddy field drip irrigation pipeline and drip irrigation emitter.

[0086] Specifically, the conveying pipeline module includes a main pipe, a branch pipe, a capillary tube, and a dripper.

[0087] The equipment intelligent control module 4 is used to set the paddy field intelligent adjustment equipment, and collect equipment control historical information, and construct an arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas reduction collaborative control scheme combined with the paddy field intelligent adjustment equipment.

[0088] As a preferred solution, the equipment intelligent control module 4 includes a control center module, a data fusion analysis module, and an arsenic pollution control strategy generation module.

[0089] The control center module is used to receive paddy field basic information, sensor equipment information, and drip irrigation equipment information, and distribute control instructions to other modules.

[0090] The data fusion analysis module is used to perform fusion analysis on paddy field basic information, sensor equipment information, and equipment control historical information, and extract key environmental factors and control variables related to paddy field arsenic pollution.

[0091] As a preferred solution, the data fusion analysis module includes a data preprocessing module, a feature extraction module, and a correlation analysis module.

[0092] The data preprocessing module is used to clean up the data of paddy field basic information, sensor equipment information, and equipment control historical information, and unify the format.

[0093] The feature extraction module is configured to extract key environmental features and control variables related to arsenic pollution reduction from the cleaned paddy field basic information, sensor device information, and device control history information.

[0094] Specifically, the cleaned paddy field basic information (such as soil type, pH value, organic matter content, historical arsenic pollution situation, etc.), sensor device information (such as soil temperature and humidity sensor data, oxidation-reduction potential sensor data, arsenic content sensor data, etc.), and device control history information (such as mineral application amount, nitrate solution application amount, drip irrigation duration, irrigation mode, etc.) are standardized to eliminate noise and outliers in the data, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent analysis.

[0095] Through time series analysis and feature engineering, environmental features related to arsenic pollution reduction are extracted, including:

[0096] Soil oxidation-reduction potential (Eh): affects the transformation and stability of arsenic, and is a key factor in arsenic pollution control.

[0097] Soil temperature and humidity data: directly affects the solubility and bioavailability of arsenic, and wet / dry mode adjustment may affect the release and fixation of arsenic.

[0098] Arsenic content change: including arsenic concentration data at different time points in the paddy field, reflecting the reduction effect of measures such as mineral application and nitrate drip irrigation on arsenic pollution.

[0099] Soil pH value and organic matter content: affect the adsorption capacity of mineral materials to arsenic and its bioavailability.

[0100] According to the device control history information, key control variables are extracted, including:

[0101] Mineral application amount and application timing: the frequency, amount, and timing of mineral application directly affect the fixation effect of arsenic.

[0102] Nitrate solution application amount and drip irrigation mode: adjust the application amount and drip irrigation mode (such as wet or dry irrigation) of nitrate solution through the intelligent control module to optimize greenhouse gas emission control and arsenic stability.

[0103] Irrigation duration and cycle: directly related to soil humidity, which in turn affects the migration and deposition of arsenic.

[0104] Use multivariate regression analysis algorithm to model the above environmental features and control variables, predict the reduction effect of arsenic pollution under different operating conditions, and through training the model, extract the most relevant features and variables for arsenic pollution reduction, forming a precise decision support system.

[0105] The correlation analysis module is configured to establish a correlation model between key environmental characteristics and control variables based on a multivariate regression analysis algorithm, and provide analysis results for an arsenic pollution control strategy generation module.

[0106] Specifically, a correlation model between key environmental characteristics and control variables is established by a multivariate regression analysis algorithm, and analysis results are provided for an arsenic pollution control strategy generation module. The data preprocessing and feature engineering are performed on the basis information, sensor data and equipment control history of the paddy field, the key environmental characteristics (such as soil oxidation-reduction potential, temperature and humidity, pH value, etc.) and control variables (such as mineral spreading amount, nitrate application amount, etc.) affecting the reduction of arsenic pollution are selected. Then, the influence of each variable on the reduction effect of arsenic pollution is analyzed by a multivariate regression model (such as linear regression, ridge regression, etc.), and the most relevant variables are determined by the regression coefficient and significance test. Finally, the model results are used to provide dynamic adjustment parameters for the arsenic pollution control strategy, to optimize the mineral spreading and nitrate application, to reduce excessive investment, to maximize the reduction effect of arsenic pollution, and to provide better environmental conditions for the growth of rice.

[0107] The arsenic pollution control strategy generation module is configured to construct a collaborative control scheme for the reduction of arsenic pollution and greenhouse effect in the paddy field according to the key environmental factors and control variables, and output control parameters and execution instructions to the collaborative control auxiliary module 5.

[0108] As a preferred scheme, the arsenic pollution control strategy generation module includes a modeling deduction module and a scheme optimization module.

[0109] The modeling deduction unit is configured to model and deduce the basis information of the paddy field, the sensor equipment information and the equipment control history information by using a multivariate regression analysis algorithm.

[0110] Specifically, the basis information of the paddy field, the sensor equipment data and the equipment control history information are integrated for data preprocessing (such as filling missing values, removing abnormal data and standardizing processing). Then, the arsenic pollution reduction effect is selected as a target variable, the key environmental characteristics and control variables affecting the arsenic pollution control are selected, such as soil oxidation-reduction potential, humidity, mineral spreading amount, etc., a regression model is constructed, linear regression is used for modeling, the regression coefficients of each input variable are generated, and the influence on the target variable is revealed. The model is optimized by cross-validation and evaluation index to ensure its accuracy. Finally, the trained model is used for deduction to predict the effect of different management strategies, and to provide data support and scientific basis for optimizing the arsenic pollution control strategy.

[0111] The scheme optimization module is configured to optimize the collaborative control scheme for the reduction of arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas based on the modeling deduction results.

[0112] The synergistic control auxiliary module 5 is used for adjusting and controlling the arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas synergistic treatment of the paddy field according to the arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas reduction synergistic control scheme.

[0113] As a preferred solution, the synergistic control auxiliary module 5 comprises an execution control module, a feedback monitoring module and a man-machine interaction module.

[0114] The execution control module is used for linkage control of the sensor device, the drip irrigation device, the material spreading mechanism and the nitrate mother liquor storage tank according to the arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas reduction synergistic control scheme.

[0115] The feedback monitoring module is used for real-time monitoring of the execution result and returning the monitoring data to the device intelligent control module 4 for dynamic optimization.

[0116] As a preferred solution, the feedback monitoring module comprises an arsenic content monitoring module, an oxidation-reduction potential monitoring module and a rice growth monitoring module.

[0117] The arsenic content monitoring module is used for setting the monitoring sensor according to the paddy field basic information and monitoring the arsenic content change in the paddy field soil.

[0118] The oxidation-reduction potential monitoring module is used for setting the oxidation-reduction potential monitoring device according to the paddy field basic information and using the oxidation-reduction potential monitoring to collect the oxidation-reduction potential of the paddy field water body.

[0119] The rice growth monitoring module is used for setting the rice growth monitoring device and dynamically feeding back the physiological state of the rice growth period in combination with the acquired monitoring image recognition result.

[0120] The man-machine interaction module is used for providing a visual interface of the control scheme and the execution process and manually intervening or correcting the system parameters.

[0121] According to another aspect of the present application, as Figure 2 shown, a paddy field arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas synergistic treatment adjustment and control method is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0122] S1, acquiring paddy field basic information, sensor device information and drip irrigation device information, and transmitting the device information to the device intelligent control module 4 in real time through wireless communication;

[0123] S2, storing the iron-based mineral material and the manganese-based mineral material and setting the material spreading mechanism for spreading;

[0124] S3, mixing the stored nitrate solution through the nitrate mother liquor storage tank, and setting the drip irrigation device to deliver the nitrate solution to the paddy field.

[0125] S4, set up the paddy field intelligent adjustment device, and collect device control historical information, combine the device control historical information with the paddy field intelligent adjustment device to build an arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas reduction collaborative control scheme;

[0126] S5, according to the arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas reduction collaborative control scheme, adjust the control sensor device, the drip irrigation device, the material spraying mechanism and the nitrate mother liquor storage tank to carry out the regulation and control of the paddy field arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas collaborative governance.

[0127] By means of the technical scheme of the present application, the soil is treated by using iron-based or manganese-based mineral materials, arsenic is fixed by adsorption, coprecipitation and redox, etc., especially As(III) is oxidized to As(V), the biological availability is reduced, and the absorption of arsenic by rice is reduced, and the nitrate-containing solution is accurately applied to the root zone of the paddy field through the drip irrigation system, the nitrate is used as an electron acceptor to inhibit the activity of methanogens and reduce methane emissions, and at the same time, the iron / manganese type electron acceptor is coupled to participate in the complete denitrification process to reduce the emission of nitrous oxide, and by affecting the oxidation-reduction potential and microbial community of the soil, the fixation and form of arsenic are optimized, the stable deposition of arsenic is promoted, and by improving the soil environment, more superior nutrient conditions are provided for the growth of rice, the application of nitrate inhibits the emission of greenhouse gases, and also provides essential nitrogen source for rice, which is helpful for the healthy growth of crops, so as to realize the improvement of soil environment, the guarantee of the growth and nutritional needs of rice, the guarantee of food safety and the increase of yield.

[0128] In addition, the present application dynamically optimizes the mineral application amount, the nitrate solution application amount and the irrigation mode through real-time data, avoids the negative effects that may be caused by a single measure through intelligent regulation and control, avoids the side effects of a single management method through precise regulation and control, ensures the synergistic benefits of arsenic pollution reduction and greenhouse gas emission inhibition, plays a synergistic effect, and through intelligent regulation and control, the present application precisely applies mineral materials and nitrate solution, reduces unnecessary chemical input, reduces agricultural production cost, optimizes soil environment, reduces environmental risk (such as nitrate leaching), improves water management efficiency, and reduces the amount of mineral materials and nitrate, thereby reducing potential environmental risk.

[0129] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A system for the co-management of arsenic pollution and greenhouse gases in rice fields, characterized by, The system comprises a rice field information acquisition module, a material storage and spreading module, a liquid storage and drip irrigation module, an intelligent device control module, and a collaborative control auxiliary module. The rice field information acquisition module is configured to acquire basic information of a rice field, sensor device information, and drip irrigation device information, and transmit the device information to the intelligent device control module in real time through wireless communication. The material storage and spreading module is configured to store iron-based mineral materials and manganese-based mineral materials, and provide a feeding and spreading mechanism for spreading. The liquid storage and drip irrigation module is configured to mix nitrate solution by a nitrate stock solution tank, and deliver the nitrate solution to the rice field by a drip irrigation device. The intelligent device control module is configured to set up intelligent adjustment devices for the rice field, and collect device control historical information, and combine the device control historical information with the intelligent adjustment devices to build a collaborative control scheme for arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas reduction. The collaborative control auxiliary module is configured to adjust and control the sensor devices, the drip irrigation devices, the feeding and spreading mechanism, and the nitrate stock solution tank according to the collaborative control scheme for arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas reduction, to realize collaborative governance of arsenic pollution and greenhouse gases in the rice field. The intelligent device control module comprises a control center module, a data fusion analysis module, and an arsenic pollution control strategy generation module. The control center module is configured to receive the basic information of the rice field, the sensor device information, and the drip irrigation device information, and distribute control instructions to other modules. The data fusion analysis module is configured to perform fusion analysis on the basic information of the rice field, the sensor device information, and the device control historical information, and extract key environmental factors and control variables related to arsenic pollution in the rice field. The arsenic pollution control strategy generation module is configured to build a collaborative control scheme for arsenic pollution reduction and greenhouse effect according to the key environmental factors and control variables, and output control parameters and execution instructions to the collaborative control auxiliary module. The data fusion analysis module comprises a data preprocessing module, a feature extraction module, and a correlation analysis module. The data preprocessing module is configured to clean the data of the basic information of the rice field, the sensor device information, and the device control historical information, and unify the formats. The feature extraction module is configured to extract key environmental features and control variables related to arsenic pollution reduction from the cleaned basic information of the rice field, the sensor device information, and the device control historical information, wherein the environmental features include soil oxidation-reduction potential, soil temperature and humidity data, arsenic content change, soil pH value, and organic matter content, and the control variables include mineral spreading amount, application timing, nitrate solution application amount, drip irrigation mode, and irrigation duration and period. The correlation analysis module is configured to establish a correlation model between the key environmental features and the control variables based on the multivariate regression analysis algorithm, and provide analysis results for the arsenic pollution control strategy generation module. The arsenic pollution control strategy generation module comprises a modeling and deduction module and a scheme optimization module. ​ The modeling and deduction module is configured to use a multivariate regression analysis algorithm to model and deduce the paddy field basic information, the sensor device information, and the device control history information. The scheme optimization module is configured to optimize the arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas reduction collaborative control scheme based on the modeling and deduction result.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The paddy field information acquisition module includes a soil sensor module, a meteorological monitoring module, and a rice image acquisition module. The soil sensor module is configured to acquire soil arsenic content parameters, oxidation-reduction potential parameters, and temperature and humidity information. The meteorological monitoring module is configured to acquire paddy field rainfall parameters, paddy field illumination parameters, and paddy field air temperature parameters. The rice image acquisition module is configured to monitor the growth period vigor parameters of the rice according to image recognition technology, and transmit the growth period vigor parameters to the device intelligent control module through wireless communication.

3. The system for co-controlling arsenic pollution and greenhouse gases in rice fields according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material storage, supply, and application module includes a material storage module, a metering and feeding module, and a mechanical application module. The material storage module is configured to store the iron-based mineral material and the manganese-based mineral material in a bin. The metering and feeding module is configured to quantitatively output the iron-based mineral material and the manganese-based mineral material. The mechanical application module is configured to apply the quantitatively output iron-based mineral material and manganese-based mineral material to the surface of the paddy field soil.

4. The system for co-management of arsenic pollution and greenhouse gases in rice field according to claim 1, wherein, The liquid storage and drip irrigation module includes a nitrate mother liquor storage module, a liquid mixing module, a drip irrigation control module, and a delivery pipeline module. The nitrate mother liquor storage module is configured to store a high-concentration nitrate solution in a nitrate mother liquor storage tank. The liquid mixing module is configured to set a mixing ratio target of the nitrate mother liquor and water based on the paddy field basic information, and mix the nitrate mother liquor and water according to the mixing ratio target to form a target-concentration nitrate solution. The drip irrigation control module is configured to adjust the drip irrigation flow and irrigation frequency according to the control signal of the device intelligent control module. The delivery pipeline module is configured to set the drip irrigation pipeline and drip irrigation sprinkler according to the paddy field basic information, and drip irrigate the mixed nitrate solution to the paddy field area through the paddy field drip irrigation pipeline and drip irrigation sprinkler.

5. The system for co-management of arsenic pollution and greenhouse gases in rice field according to claim 1, wherein, The collaborative control auxiliary module includes an execution control module, a feedback monitoring module, and a human-computer interaction module. The execution control module is configured to link the sensor device, the drip irrigation device, the material supply and application mechanism, and the nitrate mother liquor storage tank according to the arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas reduction collaborative control scheme. The feedback monitoring module is configured to monitor the execution result in real time, and return the monitoring data to the device intelligent control module for dynamic optimization. The human-computer interaction module is configured to provide a visual interface of the control scheme and the execution process, and manually intervene or correct the system parameters.

6. The system for co-management of arsenic pollution and greenhouse gases in rice fields according to claim 5, wherein, The feedback monitoring module includes an arsenic content monitoring module, an oxidation-reduction potential monitoring module, and a rice growth monitoring module. The arsenic content monitoring module is configured to set a monitoring sensor according to the paddy field basic information, and monitor the arsenic content change in the paddy field soil. The oxidation-reduction potential monitoring module is configured to set an oxidation-reduction potential monitoring device according to the paddy field basic information, and use the oxidation-reduction potential monitoring to acquire the oxidation-reduction potential of the paddy field water body. The rice growth monitoring module is used for setting a rice growth monitoring device and dynamically feeding back a physiological state of a rice growth period in combination with an acquired monitoring image recognition result.

7. The method for the co-management of arsenic pollution and greenhouse gases in rice fields according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) providing the co-management system of arsenic pollution and greenhouse gases in rice fields according to any one of claims 1-6; (2) applying the co-management system to the rice field; and (3) harvesting the rice. The method comprises the following steps: S1, acquiring paddy field basic information, sensor device information and drip irrigation device information, and transmitting the device information to a device intelligent control module in real time through wireless communication; S2, storing iron-based mineral materials and manganese-based mineral materials, and setting a feeding and spreading mechanism for spreading; S3, mixing the stored nitrate solution through a nitrate mother liquor storage tank, and setting a drip irrigation device to deliver the nitrate solution to the paddy field; S4, setting a paddy field intelligent adjustment device, and collecting device control historical information, combining the device control historical information with the paddy field intelligent adjustment device to construct an arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas reduction collaborative control scheme; S5, adjusting the control sensor device, the drip irrigation device, the feeding and spreading mechanism and the nitrate mother liquor storage tank according to the arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas reduction collaborative control scheme to control and regulate the arsenic pollution and greenhouse gas collaborative treatment of the paddy field.

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