Microbial combination and rapid ecological composting disposal method for under-forest combustible

Abstract

This invention discloses a microbial combination and a method for rapid ecological composting of forest understory combustibles, relating to the fields of forest fire prevention and resource utilization of forestry waste. The method includes the steps of using a rapid degradation compound microbial agent for forest understory combustibles and constructing composting pits to degrade the combustibles. The rapid ecological composting method for forest understory combustibles provided by this invention can shorten the ecological composting cycle of forest understory combustibles, increase the content of organic matter and humus, reduce the risk of forest fires, and improve the resource utilization efficiency of forest understory combustibles, thereby solving the technical problems of high transportation and processing costs and low efficiency of on-site ecological and resource-based treatment of forest understory combustibles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of forest fire prevention and forestry waste resource utilization technology, and in particular to a method for the rapid ecological composting and disposal of understory combustibles using a microbial combination. Background Technology

[0002] Forest litter, a crucial component of the forest ecosystem, primarily comprises fallen leaves, dead branches, bark, and attached shrubs and weeds. These organic materials are not only key carriers of forest nutrient cycling but also major combustibles that trigger forest fires. The scientific and effective cleanup and disposal of these combustibles is a vital link in building a forest fire prevention system, significantly impacting forest ecological security and biodiversity conservation. However, due to the vast distribution and complex terrain of forests, the collection and transportation of combustibles requires substantial manpower and resources, resulting in high transportation costs. Traditional incineration methods not only cause air pollution but also lead to resource waste. Existing treatment technologies largely employ centralized composting methods. These methods utilize a biological treatment process that regulates aerobic microorganisms to decompose organic waste, optimizing parameters such as ventilation, temperature, humidity, and material ratios. Within 30-45 days, forest combustibles are converted into stable humus, with the final product meeting organic fertilizer standards, thus achieving the resource utilization of forest combustibles.

[0003] However, existing composting technologies require the collection and transportation of litter for centralized processing, which results in high centralized processing costs and long processing cycles. This does not fundamentally solve the problem of the difficulty in the on-site ecological and resource-based treatment of forest undergrowth. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for the rapid ecological composting and disposal of forest understory combustibles using microbial combinations, thereby addressing the problems existing in the prior art. This method can shorten the ecological composting cycle of forest understory combustibles, increase the content of organic matter and humus, reduce the risk of forest fires, and improve the resource utilization efficiency of forest understory combustibles.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0006] This invention provides a microbial ensemble for the rapid degradation of forest undergrowth combustibles, comprising Streptomyces violovariabilis, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, and Paenibacillus eucommiae sp.nov.

[0007] Furthermore, the ratio of the purple mutant Streptomyces, the green needle Pseudomonas, and the Eucommia ulmoides Bacillus is 1:2:2.

[0008] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned microbial combination in the preparation of a compound microbial agent for the rapid degradation of forest combustibles.

[0009] The present invention also provides a composite microbial agent for the rapid degradation of forest combustibles, comprising the above-mentioned microbial combination.

[0010] This invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned rapid degradation compound microbial agent for forest combustibles, comprising the following steps:

[0011] The purple mutant Streptomyces was fermented and cultured, the bacterial cells were collected by centrifugation, and the bacterial suspension was obtained by washing and resuspending with physiological saline.

[0012] The *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* was fermented and cultured, the bacterial cells were collected by centrifugation, and the bacterial suspension was obtained by washing and resuspending with physiological saline.

[0013] The *Eucommia ulmoides* strain was fermented and cultured, the bacterial cells were collected by centrifugation, and the bacterial suspension was obtained by washing and resuspending with physiological saline.

[0014] The purple mutant Streptomyces suspension, the green needle Pseudomonas suspension, and the Eucommia ulmoides Bacillus suspension are mixed evenly to obtain the forest undergrowth combustible rapid degradation compound microbial agent.

[0015] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned microbial combination in the rapid ecological composting of forest combustibles.

[0016] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned rapid degradation compound microbial agent for forest combustibles in the rapid ecological composting and disposal of forest combustibles.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for rapid ecological composting of forest combustibles, including the steps of using the above-mentioned rapid degradation compound microbial agent for forest combustibles and constructing a composting pit to degrade the forest combustibles.

[0018] Furthermore, wood vinegar and urea are added during the composting and degradation process.

[0019] Furthermore, relative to the mass of the forest undergrowth combustibles, the amount of the rapidly degrading compound microbial agent added is 4-6 mL / kg, the amount of the wood vinegar added is 1 wt.%-3 wt.%, and the amount of the urea added is 2 wt.%-3 wt.%.

[0020] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0021] This invention develops a rapid degradation compound microbial agent for forest understory combustibles, comprising *Streptomyces vulgaris*, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, and *Bacillus eucommiae*. These three species do not exhibit antagonistic effects or nutrient competition; their combined use is beneficial for the degradation of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose during composting, accelerating humus formation, shortening the composting cycle, increasing bacterial community diversity, enhancing metabolic pathways, and accelerating bacterial succession.

[0022] This invention employs the method of constructing small-scale ecological composting pits on-site in forest areas using branches as building materials. By using a rapid degradation compound microbial agent, wood vinegar, and urea in the composting process of forest combustibles, it achieves technical effects such as shortening the ecological composting cycle of forest combustibles, increasing the content of organic matter and humus, reducing the risk of forest fires, and improving the resource utilization efficiency of forest combustibles. It solves the technical problems of high transportation and processing costs and low efficiency of on-site ecological and resource-based treatment of forest combustibles. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a statistical graph showing the lignin degradation efficiency of different treatment groups in Example 1;

[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the process for an experiment on the composting of combustibles under forest cover;

[0026] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the site selection and construction of a composting pond;

[0027] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the construction of the composting pond framework;

[0028] Figure 5 Time-temperature curves for forest understory combustible material composting experiments;

[0029] Figure 6 The time-lignin content curve of the forest understory combustible material composting experiment;

[0030] Figure 7 The time-cellulose content curve of the forest understory combustible material composting experiment;

[0031] Figure 8 The time-hemicellulose content curve of the forest understory combustible material composting experiment;

[0032] Figure 9A time-humus content curve for forest understory combustible material composting experiments;

[0033] Figure 10 A time-fulvic acid content curve for forest understory combustible material composting experiment;

[0034] Figure 11 A time-humic acid content curve for forest understory combustible material composting experiment;

[0035] Figure 12 The time-organic matter content curve of the forest understory combustible material composting experiment;

[0036] Figure 13 Time-cellulase activity curves for forest understory combustible material composting experiments;

[0037] Figure 14 The time-lignin peroxidase activity curve of the forest understory combustible material composting experiment. Detailed Implementation

[0038] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0039] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0040] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0041] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0042] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0043] The strain information used in this invention is as follows:

[0044] Streptomyces violovariabilis was purchased from the China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center (CICC), strain number CICC 23630; Pseudomonas chlororaphis was purchased from the China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center, strain number CICC 20676; Paenibacillus eucommiae sp.nov. was purchased from the China Pharmaceutical Microbial Culture Collection Center (CPCC), strain number CPCC 100226.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] 1. Preparation of a compound microbial agent for rapid degradation of forest combustibles

[0047] (1) Preparation of bacterial suspension

[0048] Purple Streptomyces was inoculated onto PDB liquid medium and cultured under constant temperature and shaking until the logarithmic growth phase. The bacterial cells were collected by centrifugation, washed with physiological saline, and adjusted to a concentration of 1×10⁻⁶. 7 A bacterial suspension of cfu / mL was obtained to produce a purple Streptomyces variant suspension.

[0049] Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inoculated into nutrient broth liquid medium and cultured under constant temperature and shaking until the logarithmic growth phase. The bacterial cells were collected by centrifugation, washed with physiological saline, and adjusted to a concentration of 1×10⁻⁶. 7 A bacterial suspension of *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* was obtained by preparing a bacterial suspension of cfu / mL.

[0050] Bacillus eucommiae was inoculated onto LB liquid medium and cultured under constant temperature and shaking until the logarithmic growth phase. The bacterial cells were collected by centrifugation, washed with physiological saline, and adjusted to a concentration of 1×10⁻⁶. 7 A bacterial suspension of *Bacillus eucommiae* was obtained by preparing a bacterial suspension of cfu / mL.

[0051] (2) Preparation of compound microbial agents

[0052] A mixture of purple Streptomyces variantans suspension, green needle-like Pseudomonas suspension, and Eucommia ulmoides Bacillus suspension at a volume ratio of 1:2:2 was prepared to obtain a composite microbial agent for the rapid degradation of forest combustibles.

[0053] 2. Test on the degradation performance of compound microbial agents on lignin

[0054] A bacterial suspension of *Streptomyces vulgaris*, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, and *Bacillus eucommiae* (all at a concentration of 1×10⁻⁶) was prepared. 7 The above-mentioned compound bacterial agent (cfu / mL) and the inoculum were inoculated at 2.5% into 250mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 200mL of lignin degradation medium and incubated at 30℃. Every day, 2mL of fermentation broth was aseptically sampled using a syringe for lignin content determination. The experiment lasted for 7 days. A control group without inoculated strains was also included. Based on the test results, the degradation rate of sodium lignin sulfonate in each treatment group was calculated.

[0055] The detection method for lignin degradation rate is as follows:

[0056] A sodium lignosulfonate solution with a concentration of 1000 mg / L was prepared, and then further diluted to prepare sodium lignosulfonate solutions with concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mg / L. The absorbance (OD) of sodium lignosulfonate at each concentration was measured at a wavelength of 285 nm. A standard curve was plotted with the sodium lignosulfonate concentration on the x-axis and the OD value on the y-axis, and a linear regression equation was derived.

[0057] The degraded lignin degradation medium was centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatant was collected as the test sample. The test sample was diluted 5 times with double-distilled water, and the OD value of the sample was measured at a wavelength of 285 nm. The concentration of lignin in the culture medium was calculated by substituting the values ​​into the linear regression equation of the standard curve. Finally, the degradation rate of sodium lignin sulfonate by the strain was calculated using the following formula:

[0058] Lignin degradation rate (%) = (C1-C2) / C1×100%;

[0059] Wherein, C1 is the concentration of sodium lignin sulfonate in the culture medium of the uninoculated strain (i.e., the control group), and C2 is the concentration of sodium lignin sulfonate after the strain has degraded.

[0060] Lignin degradation medium: Buffer A 165 mL / L, Buffer B 165 mL / L, cell-free rumen fluid 170 mL / L, 0.1% resazurin 1.0 mL / L, NaHCO3 5.0 g / L, sodium lignin sulfonate 1.0 g / L, peptone 1.0 g / L and yeast extract 1.0 g / L.

[0061] Buffer A: (NH4)2SO4 3g / L, NaCl 6g / L, KH2PO4 3g / L, CaCl2·2H2O 0.4g / L and MgSO4·7H2O 0.6g / L.

[0062] Buffer B: K2HPO4·3H2O 4g / L.

[0063] Figure 1 This study compared the lignin degradation effects of single-strain and compound-strain inoculants. The results showed a significant difference in lignin degradation efficiency between the two agents. Data from the lignin degradation culture medium revealed that, over a 7-day degradation experiment, *Streptomyces vulgaris* achieved a lignin degradation rate of 16.38%, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* 16.74%, and *Bacillus eucommiae* 15.76%, while the compound-strain agent achieved a degradation rate of 17.54%, significantly higher than the three single-strain agents. This indicates that the compound-strain agent, through the synergistic effect of the three strains, can decompose lignin more efficiently, demonstrating superior degradation efficiency compared to single strains.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] 1. Experimental Methods

[0066] 1.1 Experimental Grouping

[0067] This embodiment sets up the following composting pond experimental groups:

[0068] T1 (Poplar litter + Purple Mutant Streptomyces single-strain agent): Poplar litter + Purple Mutant Streptomyces suspension of Example 1 (5 mL / kg relative to the amount added to poplar litter) + Wood vinegar (2 wt.% relative to the amount added to poplar litter) + Urea (2.5 wt.% relative to the amount added to poplar litter);

[0069] T2 (Poplar litter + Pseudomonas aeruginosa single-strain agent): Poplar litter + Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension of Example 1 (5 mL / kg relative to the amount added to poplar litter) + wood vinegar (2 wt.% relative to the amount added to poplar litter) + urea (2.5 wt.% relative to the amount added to poplar litter);

[0070] T3 (Poplar litter + Bacillus eucommiae single-strain agent): Poplar litter + Bacillus eucommiae suspension from Example 1 (5 mL / kg relative to the amount added to poplar litter) + wood vinegar (2 wt.% relative to the amount added to poplar litter) + urea (2.5 wt.% relative to the amount added to poplar litter);

[0071] T4 (Poplar litter + compound microbial agent): Poplar litter + the rapid degradation compound microbial agent for forest combustibles in Example 1 (5 mL / kg relative to the amount added to poplar litter) + wood vinegar (2 wt.% relative to the amount added to poplar litter) + urea (2.5 wt.% relative to the amount added to poplar litter);

[0072] T5 (Blank control of poplar fallen material): Blank control of poplar fallen material.

[0073] 1.2 Construction of ecological composting pits and composting of combustibles under forest canopy

[0074] Ecological composting pits were constructed separately, and composting experiments of forest combustibles were conducted according to the settings of each experimental group (see flowchart). Figure 2 The specific steps are as follows:

[0075] Step 1: Material preparation: litter, forest undergrowth combustibles, rapid degradation compound microbial agent, wood vinegar (to suppress odor and promote lignin decomposition), urea (to adjust the C / N ratio).

[0076] Tools used: crusher, shovel, rake, hammer, wire, chainsaw, bucket, water pipe, etc.

[0077] Measuring tool: Probe thermometer.

[0078] Step 2: Site selection and marking: (e.g.) Figure 3 As shown, a comprehensive survey was conducted within the forest area, prioritizing relatively flat and open areas. Simultaneously, the relative location of the composting pit to the surrounding woodland was considered to ensure it would not negatively impact the growth of surrounding trees and to facilitate material transportation and management. Based on composting efficiency and the range of microbial activity, the radiation area of ​​the understory ecological composting pit was controlled at 1.6m². 2 -2.5m 2 That is, a 1.5m x 1.5m square or a circular area with a diameter of 1.5m.

[0079] Step 3: Material Segmentation: Crush the fallen material according to the actual situation. Before use, conduct a comprehensive inspection of the crusher to ensure the blades are sharp, the transmission components are operating normally, and the particle size adjustment device is properly adjusted. During the crushing process, closely observe the crushing process to ensure that the crushed fallen material has a uniform particle size, with most particles controlled at around 2cm.

[0080] Step 4: Framework Construction: Figure 4 Select sturdy, corrosion-resistant wooden piles with a diameter of 5-8cm, determined according to actual needs, ensuring the top of the pile protrudes 0.5m above the ground. Drive the piles vertically into the ground using a pile driver or manual hammering, ensuring uniform and seamless spacing between piles during driving.

[0081] Step 5: Reinforce the fence: Use wire to horizontally connect and fix the top and bottom of the wooden stakes to reinforce the overall frame of the composting pit.

[0082] Step 6: Collect fallen leaves and branches: Collect fallen leaves and branches within a 2-3m radius of the designated composting pit area. Use a rake to gather them together, then shovel them up and load them into a transport vehicle (such as a wheelbarrow). During collection, carefully remove stones, weeds, and other impurities mixed in with the fallen leaves to improve their purity. After collection, transport the fallen leaves to the composting pit and pre-treat them according to the crushing requirements.

[0083] Step 7: Filling with Decaying Material: At the start of filling, first lay a 10-15cm thick layer of decaying material at the bottom of the composting pit. Then, slowly add water, followed by spraying wood vinegar while stirring to ensure the material is evenly moistened. Next, evenly sprinkle a layer of microbial agent or manure on the moistened material. Cover with another 10-15cm thick layer of decaying material, repeating the steps of adding water, spraying wood vinegar, stirring, adding microbial agent and additives, until the composting pit is filled to 10-15cm from the top. During the filling process, ensure the material is evenly mixed to avoid localized accumulation or uneven distribution of additives.

[0084] Step 8: Covering with Soil: After the composting pit is filled, cover the top with a layer of soil evenly. Use tools to compact the soil to ensure it is tightly bonded to the pile, preventing strong winds from blowing the material away from the surface of the pile. This also helps maintain the temperature and humidity of the pile, promoting the composting process.

[0085] Step 9: Erect a sign: The warning sign should be of appropriate size to ensure clear visibility, generally 0.5-1m high and 0.3-0.5m wide. The sign should clearly state in prominent font, "Forest Ecological Composting Pit, Do Not Disturb," and may include brief explanations such as the purpose of the composting pit and usage precautions. Install the sign in a conspicuous location next to the composting pit, generally 0.5-1m from the edge, ensuring it is not obstructed by surrounding trees or other objects. Securely fix the sign to the ground to prevent it from being blown over or moved.

[0086] Step 10: Turning the Pile: Accurately calculate the turning date based on the start time of composting, setting specific turning times every 3 days, such as 9-11 AM or 3-5 PM, avoiding high-temperature periods to reduce excessive moisture evaporation and ensure microbial activity. Before each turning, check the weather conditions. If there is heavy rain, strong winds, or other inclement weather, postpone turning appropriately and carry it out as soon as the weather improves to avoid interfering with the fermentation process. Select shovels and rakes of appropriate specifications. The shovel blades should be sharp and of suitable length for easy access to the material in the pile; the rake teeth should be evenly spaced and firmly fixed to effectively break up the material. Before each use, carefully check the tools for damage or looseness, and repair or replace them promptly to ensure safe and efficient operation. When turning the pile, start from the edge of the pile, first shoveling up the upper layer of material and stacking it to the side, controlling the depth to 20-30cm. Next, loosen the lower layer of material with a rake to make it loose and breathable. Then, cover the lower layer with the upper layer of material that has been piled to the side. Then, use a shovel and rake to repeatedly stir and mix the materials to ensure that the upper and lower layers of material are fully exchanged and evenly mixed, and add moisture in time. During the turning process, carefully check whether there are any lumps or unrotted materials inside the pile. If so, break them up and disperse them.

[0087] Step 11 Temperature monitoring: Measure the temperature of the compost pile using a probe thermometer and record it in a dedicated form; continuously monitor the temperature changes of the compost pile. When the average temperature of the compost pile is 5°C lower than the air temperature for 3 consecutive days, combine the appearance characteristics of the compost pile (such as darkening of material color, loose texture, and absence of odor) to comprehensively determine whether the composting is complete.

[0088] 2. Experimental Results

[0089] 2.1 Temperature changes during the composting of combustibles under the forest canopy

[0090] During composting, microorganisms decompose carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins in the compost pile, growing and multiplying and releasing a large amount of bioheat, which promotes an increase in the pile temperature. This increased temperature catalyzes enzymatic reactions, increasing their rate and accelerating the decomposition of organic matter in the compost. Figure 5 This study revealed the temperature changes of forest understory combustibles during composting in compost pits using different treatment methods. Experimental data showed that the compound microbial agent group (T4) exhibited significantly better temperature rise rate and peak value than the single-strain microbial agent group. On the 5th day of composting, the temperature of the compound microbial agent group reached 58.6℃, while among the single-strain groups, T1 (Streptomyces violaceum) reached 45.3℃, T2 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) reached 47.1℃, and T3 (Bacillus eucommiae) reached 44.3℃. Regarding the duration of high temperatures, the compound microbial agent group maintained temperatures above 50℃ for approximately 7 days, while the single-strain groups only maintained them for 3-5 days. This indicates that the compound microbial agent can more rapidly activate microbial metabolism, accelerating compost temperature rise through synergistic heat production, and providing a more suitable high-temperature environment for lignocellulose degradation.

[0091] 2.2 Changes in lignocellulose during the composting of forest combustibles

[0092] The decrease in lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose content indicates that complex macromolecules are degraded and further broken down into simpler small molecules, thus providing a rich material basis for the formation of humus. This is an important process of turning fallen leaves and branches into compost. Figures 6-8 This study revealed the changes in lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose content in forest understory combustibles during composting under different treatment methods. The lignin content in the compound microbial agent group (T4) decreased significantly faster than that in the single-strain group. At the end of composting, the lignin content of T4 was 7%, while that of T1 was 11.6%, T2 was 8.8%, and T3 was 10.7%, indicating that the compound microbial agent had a lignin degradation efficiency 20%–40% higher than that of the single strain. The compound microbial agent group (T4) showed the best cellulose degradation effect. The cellulose content of T4 was 4.02%, compared to 12.19% for T1, 6.11% for T2, and 10.11% for T3, with the cellulose degradation rate of the compound microbial agent being 34%–67% higher than that of the single strain. The hemicellulose degradation rate of T4 was also superior, with a content of 2.4% at the end of composting, compared to 4.83% for T1, 2.7% for T2, and 4.66% for T3, with the hemicellulose degradation rate of the compound microbial agent being 11%–50% higher than that of the single strain. Compound microbial agents can decompose hemicellulose more efficiently through synergistic effects, providing more small molecules for humic substance formation.

[0093] 2.3 Changes in humus formation during the composting of combustibles under forest canopy

[0094] An increase in humic content directly reflects the composting effect; the higher the humic content, the better the composting effect. Humics have excellent physicochemical properties, superior water and fertilizer retention, and are an important component of organic fertilizer. Fulvic acid is converted into humic acid during composting; therefore, a decrease in fulvic acid and an increase in humic acid indirectly indicate an increase in humic content. Figures 9-11 This study revealed the changes in the contents of humic acid, humic acid, and fulvic acid during the composting process in composting pits treated with different methods. The compound microbial agent group (T4) showed the fastest increase in humic acid content, reaching 120 g / kg at the end of composting. In contrast, the single-strain groups T1 had 116 g / kg, T2 119 g / kg, and T3 114 g / kg, indicating that the compound microbial agent resulted in 1%-5% higher humic acid accumulation compared to the single-strain groups. The fulvic acid content in T4 decreased most significantly, reaching 31 g / kg, compared to 34 g / kg for T1, 32 g / kg for T2, and 34 g / kg for T3. The humic acid content in T4 increased most rapidly, reaching 76 g / kg, compared to 73 g / kg for T1, 74 g / kg for T2, and 73 g / kg for T3. This suggests that the compound microbial agent is more effective in promoting the conversion of fulvic acid to humic acid and accelerating humic acid maturation, while the single-strain groups showed lower conversion efficiency.

[0095] 2.4 Changes in organic matter content during the composting of combustibles under the forest canopy

[0096] Figure 12 This study revealed the changes in organic matter content during composting in composting pits using different treatment methods. The organic matter content decreased with composting time, with the compound microbial agent group (T4) showing a significantly higher rate of decrease than the single-strain group. At the end of composting, the organic matter content of T4 was 54%, while that of the single-strain groups was 45% for T1, 57% for T2, and 46% for T3. This indicates that the compound microbial agent can more thoroughly decompose organic matter, converting it into small-molecule nutrients, while single-strain groups, due to their limited degradation capacity, have relatively higher levels of residual organic matter.

[0097] 2.5 Changes in cellulase activity during the composting of forest combustibles

[0098] Cellulase plays a key role in the composting process. It can break down cellulose into small molecules such as glucose, providing energy and carbon sources for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, accelerating the degradation of cellulose substances in composting, and promoting the composting process. Figure 13 This study revealed the changes in cellulase activity in forest understory combustibles during composting under different treatment methods. The results showed significant differences in cellulase activity between compound microbial agents and single-strain agents. Throughout the composting process, the cellulase activities of single-strain agents T1, T2, and T3 fluctuated at different time points. At the beginning of composting (day 0), the cellulase activity of T1 was 8.19 U / g, T2 was 10.85 U / g, and T3 was 7.03 U / g, while the activity of compound microbial agent T4 reached 12.78 U / g, higher than these three single-strain agents. As composting progressed, on day 3, the cellulase activity of T1 increased to 23.35 U / g, T2 to 29.89 U / g, T3 to 24.88 U / g, and T4 further increased to 32.24 U / g. By day 5, T1 was 25.95 U / g, T2 was 33.13 U / g, T3 was 29.85 U / g, and T4 reached 37.44 U / g. It can be seen that in the early stages of composting, the cellulase activity of the compound microbial agent T4 increased rapidly and remained higher than that of single-strain agents. In the later stages of composting, although the cellulase activity of each agent decreased, the compound microbial agent T4 still maintained relatively high activity.

[0099] 2.6 Changes in lignin peroxidase activity during the composting of forest combustibles

[0100] Lignin peroxidase is one of the key enzymes involved in lignin degradation. It can open the complex aromatic ring structure of lignin, degrade the lignin macromolecule into smaller fragments, and provide a basis for further decomposition. It is crucial for the degradation of lignin in forest understory combustibles. Figure 14This study demonstrates the changes in lignin peroxidase activity in forest understory combustibles during composting under different treatment methods. Experimental data show a significant difference in lignin peroxidase activity between compound microbial agents and single-strain agents. In the initial composting stage (day 0), the lignin peroxidase activity of single-strain agents T1 was 55.48 U / g, T2 was 95.58 U / g, and T3 was 45.28 U / g, while the activity of compound microbial agent T4 reached 130.55 U / g, significantly higher than these three single-strain agents. As composting time progressed, on day 3, the activity of T1 increased to 119.46 U / g, T2 to 166.58 U / g, T3 to 151.60 U / g, and T4 further increased to 288.60 U / g. On day 5, T1 was 95.16 U / g, T2 was 138.44 U / g, T3 was 107.09 U / g, and T4 was 189.46 U / g, maintaining their leading positions. In the later stages of composting, the overall trend showed that the compound microbial agent T4 consistently maintained high lignin peroxidase activity throughout the composting process.

[0101] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microbial combination for rapid degradation of undergrowth combustible, characterized by, The microbial assemblage consists of the following strains: *Streptomyces violaceum* (… Streptomyces violovariabilis ), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( Pseudomonas chlororaphis ) and Eucommia ulmoides Bacillus ( Paenibacillus eucommiae sp. nov.); The strain number of the purple variant Streptomyces is CICC 23630; the strain number of the green needle Pseudomonas is CICC20676; and the strain number of the Eucommia ulmoides Bacillus is CPCC 100226. The ratio of the purple mutant Streptomyces, the green needle-like Pseudomonas, and the Bacillus subtilis is 1:2:

2.

2. The application of the microbial ensemble as described in claim 1 in the preparation of a compound microbial agent for the rapid degradation of forest understory combustibles.

3. A forest undergrowth combustible material rapid degradation composite microbial inoculum, characterized in that, Includes the microbial assemblages described in claim 1.

4. The preparation method of the under-forest combustible rapid degradation composite microbial inoculant according to claim 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The purple mutant Streptomyces was fermented and cultured, the bacterial cells were collected by centrifugation, and the bacterial suspension was obtained by washing and resuspending with physiological saline. The *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* was fermented and cultured, the bacterial cells were collected by centrifugation, and the bacterial suspension was obtained by washing and resuspending with physiological saline. The *Eucommia ulmoides* strain was fermented and cultured, the bacterial cells were collected by centrifugation, and the bacterial suspension was obtained by washing and resuspending with physiological saline. The purple mutant Streptomyces suspension, the green needle Pseudomonas suspension, and the Eucommia ulmoides Bacillus suspension are mixed evenly to obtain the forest undergrowth combustible rapid degradation compound microbial agent.

5. The application of the microbial ensemble as described in claim 1 in the rapid ecological composting of forest combustibles.

6. The application of the rapid degradation compound microbial agent for forest combustibles as described in claim 3 in the rapid ecological composting and disposal of forest combustibles.

7. A method for rapid ecological composting disposal of undergrowth combustible material, characterized in that, The method includes the step of using the rapid degradation compound microbial agent for forest combustibles as described in claim 3 to decompose and degrade forest combustibles by constructing a composting pit; Wood vinegar and urea are also added during the composting and degradation process.

8. The method of rapid ecological composting of undergrowth combustible according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that Relative to the mass of the forest undergrowth combustibles, the amount of the rapidly degrading compound microbial agent added is 4-6 mL / kg, the amount of the wood vinegar added is 1wt%-3wt%, and the amount of the urea added is 2wt%-3wt%.

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