Immunohistochemical staining device

Abstract

The invention provides an immunohistochemical staining device, and relates to the technical field of immunohistochemical staining. The cover plate is installed in the second limiting structure and provided with a cavity and a sealing piece located on the peripheral side of the cavity, and the sealing piece and the surface of the glass slide jointly seal the cavity. The cover plate is provided with a liquid inlet, and a plurality of different reagents enter the cavity from the liquid inlet and then are mixed so as to dye a human tissue slice sample. The elastic assembly is located on one side of the cover plate and abuts against the cover plate so as to clamp the cover plate. The ejector rods penetrate through the base and abut against the top end of the cover plate, and each ejector rod is located on the side, away from the elastic assembly, of the cover plate and is controlled to move up and down relative to the base so as to drive the top end of the cover plate to move up and down, so that a plurality of different reagents are fully mixed. According to the embodiment, mixing of different reagents is achieved through movement of the ejector rod and the cover plate, and compared with manual operation, the mixing uniformity and the dyeing uniformity and consistency can be improved, so that the dyeing quality is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of immunohistochemical staining technology, and in particular to an immunohistochemical staining apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] Immunohistochemical staining is an important technique in pathological diagnosis and biomedical research. It uses specific antibodies to bind to antigens in tissue samples to locate and detect target proteins. Traditional immunohistochemical staining processes usually rely on manual operation, which leads to problems such as uneven reagent mixing and inconsistent staining results. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design an immunohistochemical staining device that can uniformly mix reagents. Summary of the Invention

[0003] One objective of this invention is to provide an immunohistochemical staining apparatus that solves the technical problem of uneven reagent mixing caused by reliance on manual operation in the existing immunohistochemical staining process.

[0004] A further objective of this invention is to improve the accuracy of temperature control.

[0005] In particular, the present invention provides an immunohistochemical staining apparatus, comprising:

[0006] The base has a first limiting structure and a second limiting structure. The first limiting structure is used to limit the position of the glass slide, on which there is a human tissue slice sample.

[0007] A cover plate is installed within the second limiting structure and has a cavity and a sealing element located around the cavity. The sealing element and the surface of the glass slide jointly seal the cavity. The cover plate has a liquid inlet communicating with the cavity. Multiple different reagents enter the cavity from the liquid inlet and mix to stain the human tissue section sample.

[0008] At least one elastic component, each of the elastic components being located on one side of the cover plate and having a first compressed state abutting against the cover plate to clamp the cover plate;

[0009] At least one push rod is inserted through the base and abuts against the top of the cover plate. Each push rod is located on the side of the cover plate away from the elastic component and is configured to move up and down in a controlled manner relative to the base to drive the top of the cover plate to move up and down, thereby allowing multiple different reagents to be fully mixed. The elastic component is configured to switch from a first compression state to a second compression state when the push rod drives the top of the cover plate to move upward. The length of the elastic component in the second compression state is less than the length in the first compression state.

[0010] Optionally, the base includes:

[0011] The first substrate has at least one mounting groove;

[0012] The second substrate is disposed below the first substrate and has two first side plates arranged opposite to each other. The inner wall portion of each first side plate is recessed inward to form the second limiting structure. The second substrate has at least one first through hole extending through its thickness direction.

[0013] Each of the elastic components corresponds to one of the mounting slots and one of the first through holes. A portion of the elastic component is installed in the mounting slot, and another portion passes through the first through hole to abut against the upper surface of the cover plate.

[0014] Optionally, each of the resilient components includes:

[0015] The first spring has one end installed in the mounting groove;

[0016] A sphere is connected to the other end of the first spring, and the sphere is configured to press against the cover plate under the action of the first spring.

[0017] Optionally, each of the two opposite sides of the cover plate is provided with at least one snap-fit ​​portion, and the base further includes:

[0018] The third substrate is disposed below the second substrate and includes two second side plates arranged opposite to each other, with at least one limiting portion on the top of each second side plate;

[0019] When the ball presses against the cover plate, the locking part cooperates with the limiting part to limit the cover plate.

[0020] Optionally, the base further includes:

[0021] A heat-conducting plate has a groove-shaped first limiting structure on its top, and two second side plates are respectively installed on opposite sides of the heat-conducting plate;

[0022] A heating assembly is installed at the bottom of the heat-conducting plate and includes a heating element and a temperature sensor. The heating element is used to heat the glass slide, and the temperature sensor is used to obtain the temperature of the glass slide.

[0023] Optionally, the second side plate is provided with a second through hole, and the base further includes:

[0024] A fourth substrate is mounted below the third substrate and has at least one third through hole extending through its thickness direction. The top rod passes through the third through hole and the second through hole to abut against the cover plate.

[0025] Optionally, the sidewall of the top rod is provided with a protrusion, the second through hole has a first portion and a second portion, the diameter of the second portion is larger than the diameter of the first portion, and the immunohistochemical staining apparatus further includes:

[0026] At least one second spring, each second spring being sleeved on one of the top rods and located within the second portion, one end of the second spring abutting against the bottom wall of the second portion and the other end abutting against the protrusion, the second spring being used to drive the top rod to reset.

[0027] Optionally, it also includes:

[0028] A sensor, installed at the bottom of the second substrate, is used to sense whether the cover plate is located within the second limiting structure.

[0029] Optionally, the cover plate has a liquid outlet communicating with the cavity; the immunohistochemical staining apparatus further includes:

[0030] A drain pump, connected to the outlet, is configured to controllably extract the reagent from the cavity through the outlet;

[0031] A liquid addition mechanism, connected to the liquid inlet, is used to add the reagent into the liquid inlet in a controlled manner.

[0032] Optionally, it also includes:

[0033] A drive element, connected to the push rod, is used to controllably drive the push rod to reciprocate relative to the base.

[0034] In this invention, a glass slide containing a human tissue section sample can be inserted into a first limiting structure of a base. A cover plate is installed within a second limiting structure of the base and has a cavity and a sealing element located around the cavity. The sealing element and the surface of the glass slide jointly seal the cavity. The cover plate has a liquid inlet communicating with the cavity. Multiple different reagents enter the cavity through the liquid inlet and mix to stain the human tissue section sample. Each elastic component is located on one side of the cover plate and has a first compression state that abuts against the cover plate to clamp the cover plate. At least one push rod passes through the base and abuts against the top of the cover plate. Each push rod is located on the side of the cover plate away from the elastic component and is configured to move up and down in a controlled manner relative to the base to drive the top of the cover plate to move up and down, thereby allowing multiple different reagents to mix thoroughly. The elastic component is configured to switch from a first compression state to a second compression state when the push rod drives the top of the cover plate to move upward. The above technical solution achieves the mixing of different reagents through the movement of the top rod and the cover plate. Compared with manual operation, it can improve the mixing uniformity, avoid reagent stratification or precipitation, improve the uniformity and consistency of staining, thereby improving the staining quality. Moreover, the automatic operation reduces manual intervention and has high efficiency.

[0035] Furthermore, the base in this invention also includes a heat-conducting plate and a heating assembly. The top of the heat-conducting plate has a groove-shaped first limiting structure, and two second side plates are respectively installed on opposite sides of the heat-conducting plate. The heating assembly is installed at the bottom of the heat-conducting plate and includes a heating element and a temperature sensor. The heating element is used to heat the glass slide, and the temperature sensor is used to obtain the temperature of the glass slide. The above technical solution, through the design of the heating element and the temperature sensor, can achieve heating and temperature control of human tissue slices in the glass slide, with a temperature control accuracy of ±1℃, which can improve the stability of the staining reaction.

[0036] The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0037] The following sections will describe some specific embodiments of the invention in detail by way of example and not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts or portions. Those skilled in the art should understand that these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings:

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic exploded view of an immunohistochemical staining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a slide insertion immunohistochemical staining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the cover plate after it is inserted into the base according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a cover plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cover plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an immunohistochemical staining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention from one angle;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an immunohistochemical staining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention from another angle;

[0045] Figure 8 yes Figure 4 A schematic enlarged view of part A.

[0046] Figure label:

[0047] 100-Immunohistochemical staining apparatus, 200-Slide, 10-Base, 11-First substrate, 12-Second substrate, 13-Third substrate, 14-Fourth substrate, 15-Heat-conducting plate, 16-Fifth substrate, 111-Mounting groove, 20-Cover plate, 21-Inlet, 22-Outlet, 23-Transparent window, 24-First snap-fit ​​part, 25-Second snap-fit ​​part, 26-Seal, 27-Flow guide groove, 30 - Sensor, 40 - Elastic component, 41 - First spring, 42 - Ball, 50 - Top rod, 60 - Second spring, 70 - Heating element, 131 - Second side plate, 132 - Second through hole, 133 - First limiting part, 134 - Second limiting part, 151 - First limiting structure, 121 - First side plate, 122 - Second limiting structure, 123 - First through hole, 141 - Third through hole, 51 - Protrusion. Detailed Implementation

[0048] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0049] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper" and "lower" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0050] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature, that is, include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified. When a feature "includes or contains" one or more of the features it encompasses, unless otherwise specifically stated, this indicates that other features are not excluded and may be further included.

[0051] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "installation," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art should be able to understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0052] Unless otherwise specified, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used in the description of this embodiment have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic exploded view of an immunohistochemical staining apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a glass slide 200 inserted into an immunohistochemical staining apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the arrow indicates the insertion direction of the glass slide 200. Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the cover plate 20 after it is inserted into the base 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a cover plate 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figures 1 to 4As shown, in one specific embodiment, the immunohistochemical staining apparatus 100 includes a base 10, a cover plate 20, at least one elastic component 40, and at least one push rod 50. The base 10 has a first limiting structure 151 and a second limiting structure 122. The first limiting structure 151 is used to limit the position of a glass slide 200, on which a human tissue section sample is placed. The cover plate 20 is installed within the second limiting structure 122 and has a cavity and a sealing element 26 located around the cavity. The sealing element 26 and the surface of the glass slide 200 jointly seal the cavity. The cover plate 20 has a liquid inlet 21 communicating with the cavity. Multiple different reagents enter the cavity through the liquid inlet 21 and mix to stain the human tissue section sample. Each elastic component 40 is located on one side of the cover plate 20 and has a first compressed state that abuts against the cover plate 20 to clamp the cover plate 20. A push rod 50 passes through the base 10 and abuts against the top of the cover plate 20. Each push rod 50 is located on the side of the cover plate 20 away from the elastic component 40 and is configured to move up and down relative to the base 10 in a controlled manner to drive the top of the cover plate 20 to move up and down, thereby ensuring thorough mixing of multiple different reagents. The elastic component 40 is configured to switch from a first compression state to a second compression state when the push rod 50 drives the top of the cover plate 20 to move upward. The length of the elastic component 40 in the second compression state is less than the length in the first compression state. Here, after the push rod 50 pushes upward, it lifts one end of the cover plate 20. At this time, the elastic component 40 is in the second compression state. Then, the push rod 50 returns to its original position, causing the cover plate 20 to return to its original position. At this time, the elastic component 40 is in the first compression state. The push rod 50 moves back and forth in this manner several times to ensure thorough mixing of the different reagents before stopping. The mixed reagents are then used to stain human tissue slide samples.

[0054] This embodiment achieves the mixing of different reagents through the movement of the top rod 50 and the cover plate 20. Compared with manual operation, it can improve the mixing uniformity, avoid reagent stratification or precipitation, improve the uniformity and consistency of staining, thereby improving the staining quality. Moreover, the automatic operation reduces manual intervention and is highly efficient.

[0055] In some embodiments, the cover plate 20 is inserted into the base 10 by insertion, and the insertion direction of the cover plate 20 is consistent with the insertion direction of the slide 200. In this embodiment, both the slide 200 and the cover plate 20 are inserted for slide loading, which simplifies the operation process.

[0056] In some embodiments, there are two push rods 50, which are arranged at intervals and are used to apply pressure to the top of the cover plate 20.

[0057] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cover plate 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5As shown, in some embodiments, sealing elements 26 are embedded around the cover plate 20 to ensure the seal between the cover plate 20 and the glass slide 200, preventing leakage and drying during staining. The cover plate 20 has a flow channel 27 communicating with the inlet 21. The reagent diffuses into the cavity through the flow channel 27. The cavity volume of the cover plate 20 is 140ul ± 5ul, allowing for precise control of reagent dosage and saving reagent usage. The sealing element 26 is made of silicone.

[0058] In some embodiments, the top of the cover plate 20 is also provided with a transparent window 23, which is designed to facilitate personnel to observe the dyeing process.

[0059] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an immunohistochemical staining apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, taken at one angle. Figure 6 As shown, and see Figures 1 to 5 In some embodiments, the base 10 includes a first substrate 11 and a second substrate 12. The first substrate 11 has at least one mounting groove 111. The second substrate 12 is disposed opposite to the first substrate 11 and has two opposing first side plates 121. The inner wall portion of each first side plate 121 is recessed inward to form a second limiting structure 122. The second substrate 12 has at least one first through hole 123 extending along its thickness direction. Each elastic component 40 corresponds to one mounting groove 111 and one first through hole 123. A portion of the elastic component 40 is installed in the mounting groove 111, and another portion passes through the first through hole 123 to abut against the upper surface of the cover plate 20. Here, when the cover plate 20 is not inserted into the base 10, the elastic component 40 is in an unpressurized state. When the cover plate 20 is inserted into the base 10, the elastic component 40 is in a pressurized state and applies a pressure reaction force to the cover plate 20, causing the cover plate 20 to abut against the second substrate 12.

[0060] In some embodiments, there are multiple elastic components 40, and the multiple elastic components 40 are uniformly installed on the first substrate 11 to achieve uniform pressure on the cover plate 20.

[0061] In some embodiments, each elastic component 40 includes a first spring 41 and a ball 42, one end of the first spring 41 being mounted in a mounting groove 111. The ball 42 is connected to the other end of the first spring 41, and the ball 42 is configured to abut against the cover plate 20 under the action of the first spring 41. This embodiment uses the ball 42 to achieve point contact with the cover plate 20, which can prevent damage to the cover plate 20.

[0062] join Figure 1 and Figure 6In some embodiments, the cover plate 20 has at least one snap-fit ​​portion on each of its two opposite sides, and the base 10 further includes a third substrate 13, which is disposed opposite to the second substrate 12 and includes two oppositely arranged second side plates 131, each of which has at least one limiting portion on its top. When the ball 42 presses against the cover plate 20, the snap-fit ​​portion engages with the limiting portion to limit the cover plate 20.

[0063] In some embodiments, the latching portion includes at least one first latching portion 24 and at least one second latching portion 25, wherein the first latching portion 24 is protruding and the second latching portion 25 is recessed. The limiting portion includes at least one first limiting portion 133 and at least one second limiting portion 134, wherein the first limiting portion 133 is recessed and the second limiting portion 134 is protruding. The first latching portion 24 cooperates with the first limiting portion 133, that is, the first latching portion 24 is inserted into the first limiting portion 133, and the second latching portion 25 cooperates with the second limiting portion 134, that is, the second limiting portion 134 is inserted into the second latching portion 25, thereby achieving the limiting of the cover plate 20.

[0064] Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an immunohistochemical staining apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention from another angle. Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, the base 10 further includes a heat-conducting plate 15 and a heating assembly. The top of the heat-conducting plate 15 is provided with a first limiting structure 151 in the shape of a groove, and two second side plates 131 are respectively installed on opposite sides of the heat-conducting plate 15. The heating assembly is installed at the bottom of the heat-conducting plate 15 and includes a heating element 70 and a temperature sensor. The heating element 70 is used to heat the glass slide 200, and the temperature sensor is used to obtain the temperature of the glass slide 200, monitor the heating temperature in real time, and adjust the heating power of the heating element 70 through a feedback control system to ensure that the temperature control accuracy is ±1℃.

[0065] This embodiment, through the design of the heating element 70 and the temperature sensor, enables heating and temperature control of the human tissue section sample in the glass slide 200, with a temperature control accuracy of ±1℃. This improves the stability of the staining reaction, avoids the drying of the slide due to prolonged heating, which affects the staining quality, and also avoids differences in staining effects caused by temperature fluctuations. Furthermore, each human tissue section sample can be individually temperature-controlled.

[0066] In some embodiments, the bottom of the heat-conducting plate 15 is provided with a groove, and the heating element 70 is installed in the groove.

[0067] In some embodiments, the second side plate 131 is provided with a second through hole 132, and the base 10 further includes a fourth substrate 14, which is mounted below the third substrate 13 and has at least one third through hole 141 extending through it in the thickness direction. The top rod 50 passes through the third through hole 141 and the second through hole 132 to abut against the cover plate 20.

[0068] In some embodiments, the base 10 further includes a fifth substrate 16, which is mounted below the fourth substrate 14.

[0069] In some embodiments, the base 10 is arranged at an upward inclination, and the top rod 50 is arranged perpendicular to the base 10 and perpendicular to the cover plate 20. See [reference needed]. Figure 6 .

[0070] Figure 8 yes Figure 4 A schematic enlarged view of part A. (See diagram below.) Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the sidewall of the top rod 50 is provided with a protrusion 51, the second through hole 132 has a first part and a second part, the diameter of the second part is larger than the diameter of the first part, the immunohistochemical staining apparatus 100 also includes at least one second spring 60, each second spring 60 is sleeved on a top rod 50 and located in the second part, one end of the second spring 60 abuts against the bottom wall of the second part, and the other end abuts against the protrusion 51, the second spring 60 is used to drive the top rod 50 to reset.

[0071] See Figures 1 to 6 In some embodiments, the immunohistochemical staining apparatus 100 further includes a sensor 30, which is mounted at the bottom end of the second substrate 12 and is used to sense whether the cover plate 20 is located within the second limiting structure 122. Here, the glass slide 200 is inserted first, followed by the cover plate 20. When the sensor 30 senses that the cover plate 20 is inserted in place, the push rod 50 moves back and forth in a controlled manner, which can realize automatic control of the staining process. When the push rod 50 drives the top end of the cover plate 20 to move up and down, the bottom end of the cover plate 20 remains stationary, that is, the end near the sensor 30 remains stationary.

[0072] In some embodiments, the cover plate 20 has a liquid outlet 22 communicating with the cavity. The immunohistochemical staining apparatus 100 also includes a drain pump, which is connected to the liquid outlet 22 and configured to controllably extract reagents from the cavity through the liquid outlet 22. Here, after the push rod 50 stops moving, that is, after the different reagents are mixed evenly, it is left to stand for four or five minutes to allow the mixed reagents to stain the human tissue section sample. After staining is completed, the drain pump is controlled to extract the reagents from the liquid outlet 22. This embodiment, by separating the inlet 21 and the outlet 22, can improve the efficiency of adding and draining liquids, reduce device movement, increase staining speed, and ensure clean waste discharge without leaving residual liquid, thus ensuring the cleanliness of the staining process.

[0073] In some embodiments, the immunohistochemical staining apparatus 100 further includes a liquid addition mechanism, which is connected to the liquid inlet 21 and is used to add reagents into the liquid inlet 21 in a controlled manner, thereby enabling automatic addition of reagents.

[0074] In some embodiments, the immunohistochemical staining apparatus 100 further includes a drive member connected to a push rod 50 for controlled reciprocating movement of the push rod 50 relative to the base 10. Here, the drive member is a motor. In this embodiment, the motor drives the push rod 50 to move relative to the base 10, lifting the cover plate 20 and then lowering it, so that the reagents are fully mixed under the tidal action, avoiding reagent stratification or precipitation.

[0075] The working process of the immunohistochemical staining apparatus 100 is as follows:

[0076] The operator first inserts the glass slide 200 into the first limiting structure 151 of the base 10, and then inserts the cover plate 20 into the second limiting structure 122 of the base 10. At this time, the first spring 41 pushes the ball 42 to press and position the base 10, so that the cover plate 20 is tightly attached to the glass slide 200. The sealing element 26 fills and seals the gap between the cover plate 20 and the glass slide 200. The sensor 30 detects that the cover plate 20 is inserted in place and sends a signal to the system that the cover plate 20 is inserted in place. Then, the liquid addition mechanism adds reagent to the liquid inlet 21. After the reagent is completely added, it sends a signal to the system that the reagent addition is complete. Then, the motor drives the push rod 50 to move up and down, controlling the cover plate 20 to slowly lift. The motor rotates back, and the second spring 60 pushes the push rod 50 back, completing one mixing action. After completing several mixing actions, wait for a few minutes to allow the mixed reagent to stain the human tissue slide sample. Finally, the drain pump extracts the reagent through the liquid outlet 22.

[0077] This embodiment utilizes an automated immunohistochemical staining device 100 to achieve a highly efficient, precise, and stable immunohistochemical staining process, overcoming the problems of low efficiency, poor precision, and insufficient stability inherent in traditional staining methods. This embodiment offers advantages such as ease of operation, excellent staining results, and precise reagent dosage.

[0078] Therefore, those skilled in the art should recognize that although numerous exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications conforming to the principles of the present invention can be directly determined or derived from the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the scope of the present invention should be understood and construed as covering all such other variations or modifications.

Claims

1. An immunohistochemical staining apparatus, characterized in that, include: The base has a first limiting structure and a second limiting structure. The first limiting structure is used to limit the position of the glass slide, on which there is a human tissue slice sample. A cover plate is installed within the second limiting structure and has a cavity and a sealing element located around the cavity. The sealing element and the surface of the glass slide jointly seal the cavity. The cover plate has a liquid inlet communicating with the cavity. Multiple different reagents enter the cavity from the liquid inlet and mix to stain the human tissue section sample. At least one elastic component, each of the elastic components being located on one side of the cover plate and having a first compressed state abutting against the cover plate to clamp the cover plate; At least one push rod is inserted through the base and abuts against the top of the cover plate. Each push rod is located on the side of the cover plate away from the elastic component and is configured to move up and down in a controlled manner relative to the base to drive the top of the cover plate to move up and down, thereby allowing multiple different reagents to be fully mixed. The elastic component is configured to switch from a first compression state to a second compression state when the top rod drives the top of the cover plate to move upward, wherein the length of the elastic component in the second compression state is less than the length in the first compression state.

2. The immunohistochemical staining apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base includes: The first substrate has at least one mounting groove; The second substrate is disposed below the first substrate and has two first side plates arranged opposite to each other. The inner wall portion of each first side plate is recessed inward to form the second limiting structure. The second substrate has at least one first through hole extending through its thickness direction. Each of the elastic components corresponds to one of the mounting slots and one of the first through holes. A portion of the elastic component is installed in the mounting slot, and another portion passes through the first through hole to abut against the upper surface of the cover plate.

3. The immunohistochemical staining apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the resilient components includes: The first spring has one end installed in the mounting groove; A sphere is connected to the other end of the first spring, and the sphere is configured to press against the cover plate under the action of the first spring.

4. The immunohistochemical staining apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cover plate has at least one snap-fit ​​portion on each of its two opposite sides, and the base further includes: The third substrate is disposed below the second substrate and includes two second side plates arranged opposite to each other, with at least one limiting portion on the top of each second side plate; When the ball presses against the cover plate, the locking part cooperates with the limiting part to limit the cover plate.

5. The immunohistochemical staining apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The base also includes: A heat-conducting plate has a groove-shaped first limiting structure on its top, and two second side plates are respectively installed on opposite sides of the heat-conducting plate; A heating assembly is installed at the bottom of the heat-conducting plate and includes a heating element and a temperature sensor. The heating element is used to heat the glass slide, and the temperature sensor is used to obtain the temperature of the glass slide.

6. The immunohistochemical staining apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second side plate is provided with a second through hole, and the base further includes: A fourth substrate is mounted below the third substrate and has at least one third through hole extending through its thickness direction. The top rod passes through the third through hole and the second through hole to abut against the cover plate.

7. The immunohistochemical staining apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The side wall of the top rod is provided with a protrusion, and the second through hole has a first part and a second part, the diameter of the second part being larger than the diameter of the first part. The immunohistochemical staining device further includes: At least one second spring, each second spring being sleeved on one of the top rods and located within the second portion, one end of the second spring abutting against the bottom wall of the second portion and the other end abutting against the protrusion, the second spring being used to drive the top rod to reset.

8. The immunohistochemical staining apparatus according to any one of claims 2-7, characterized in that, Also includes: A sensor, installed at the bottom of the second substrate, is used to sense whether the cover plate is located within the second limiting structure.

9. The immunohistochemical staining apparatus according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The cover plate has a liquid outlet communicating with the cavity; the immunohistochemical staining device further includes: A drain pump, connected to the outlet, is configured to controllably extract the reagent from the cavity through the outlet; A liquid addition mechanism, connected to the liquid inlet, is used to add the reagent into the liquid inlet in a controlled manner.

10. The immunohistochemical staining apparatus according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Also includes: A drive element, connected to the push rod, is used to controllably drive the push rod to reciprocate relative to the base.

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