Device and method for quickly measuring residual magnetization of tooth surface

Abstract

The application discloses a device and a method for rapidly measuring residual magnetism of a tooth surface, and belongs to the technical field of residual magnetism measurement. The device comprises a probe gear module and a signal processing module. The probe gear module comprises a probe gear for driving a meshing rotation of a detected gear, and a Hall sensor array uniformly arranged on each tooth surface of the probe gear. The Hall sensor array is uniformly arranged on each tooth surface of the probe gear. The probe gear is meshed with the detected gear and drives the detected gear to synchronously rotate. During the rotation, each tooth surface of the probe gear is sequentially meshed with a tooth surface of the detected gear. Meanwhile, three-axis Hall sensor array elements located at the meshing point position collect residual magnetism signals of corresponding positions of the detected tooth surface of the detected gear. Point-by-point collection and measurement of residual magnetism of all tooth surfaces of the detected gear are realized. The application does not need a complex scanning mechanism, and can complete rapid measurement of multiple tooth surfaces and multiple points through gear meshing rotation. The application has the advantages of high measurement efficiency, full direction information, easy industrial integration and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of non-destructive magnetic measurement technology, and in particular to a device and method for rapidly measuring the remanence of tooth surfaces. Background Technology

[0002] Gears made of ferromagnetic materials may develop residual magnetic fields during machining or service, known as remanence. The presence of remanence on gear teeth can cause electromagnetic interference to nearby magnetically sensitive devices (such as magnetic sensors and encoders), affecting measurement accuracy. Furthermore, remanence easily attracts tiny magnetic particles; if these particles become entangled in the gear meshing gap, they can cause meshing instability or accelerate wear, thus affecting the stability and reliability of the gear system. Therefore, rapid and quantitative measurement of remanence on gear teeth is of great significance in the quality control and engineering applications of gear parts.

[0003] Existing methods for measuring residual magnetism on tooth surfaces mainly include two categories: magnetometer measurement and Hall probe measurement. Magnetometers or fluxmeters are handheld and attached to the workpiece surface to measure the residual magnetic field intensity, suitable for single-point measurement. However, this method suffers from slow measurement speed, small coverage area per measurement, and difficulty in meeting the rapid measurement needs of multiple tooth surfaces or large-area gears. Furthermore, handheld operation is unstable, and the sampling interval is difficult to control. Hall probe measurement, on the other hand, outputs a residual magnetic signal at a specific point on the tooth surface to quantify magnetic induction. However, most applications involve single-point manual measurement, which suffers from difficulty in controlling the probe position, poor repeatability, low scanning efficiency, and difficulty in achieving multi-point, synchronous, and high-coverage measurements on curved structures (such as gears).

[0004] Although there have been studies on imaging the distribution of surface magnetic fields using Hall sensors or magneto-optical arrays, these methods mostly rely on precision scanning platforms and are only applicable to planar or regular curved surface structures. For complex curved surfaces such as gears with periodic meshing and large curvature changes, they cannot achieve close contact or synchronous measurement, and usually still require external displacement or attitude control, which increases system complexity and reduces field applicability.

[0005] Therefore, existing technologies are not yet able to efficiently and reliably complete the quantitative, multi-point, and automated measurement of residual magnetism on gear tooth surfaces, and have shortcomings such as low efficiency and cumbersome processes. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for rapidly measuring the remanence of tooth surfaces, which overcomes the shortcomings of existing remanence measurement methods in terms of adaptability to tooth surface structures, spatial coverage, and measurement efficiency. This solution embeds a triaxial Hall sensor array element into the tooth surface of a standard involute cylindrical gear and utilizes a gear meshing structure to achieve close scanning of the tested tooth surface, thereby completing the synchronous acquisition and imaging reconstruction of the remanence vector field. Simultaneously, it maintains a simple structure, avoiding the introduction of complex scanning mechanisms.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a device and method for rapidly measuring the residual magnetism of tooth surfaces, comprising a probe gear module and a signal processing module; the probe gear module includes a probe gear for driving the tested gear to mesh and rotate, and a Hall sensor array uniformly arranged on each tooth surface of the probe gear, the Hall sensor array being composed of multiple triaxial Hall sensor array elements; the probe gear meshes with the tested gear and drives the tested gear to rotate synchronously, during the rotation, each tooth surface of the probe gear sequentially meshes with the tooth surface of the tested gear, forming a measurement path that continuously advances with the rotation angle of the shaft, used to guide subsequent residual magnetism measurement; simultaneously, the triaxial Hall sensor array elements located at the meshing point collect the residual magnetism signal at the corresponding position of the tested tooth surface of the tested gear, realizing point-by-point acquisition and measurement of the residual magnetism of all tested tooth surfaces of the tested gear; the signal processing module is used to receive and process the residual magnetism signal collected by the triaxial Hall sensor array elements, and output a residual magnetism vector distribution map of the tested tooth surface of the tested gear.

[0009] Furthermore, each tooth surface of the probe gear is provided with a plurality of micro-grooves for embedding the triaxial Hall sensor array element. The micro-grooves are uniformly arranged along the array arrangement direction, and all micro-grooves are encapsulated with resin to maintain the continuity of the tooth surface and the smoothness of meshing.

[0010] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for measuring the remanence of a tooth surface using the apparatus for rapidly measuring tooth surface remanence as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Select a gear with a tooth count in the ratio 1:k (k=1,2,3...) to the number of teeth of the gear under test as the probe gear. Use resin material to encapsulate the triaxial Hall sensor array element on the tooth surface of the probe gear to ensure that the tooth surface of the probe is flat after encapsulation. The resin is selected with low magnetic permeability, high insulation and good durability.

[0012] Step 2: Place the gear under test in the meshing position of the probe gear. The probe gear and the gear under test mesh with each other to ensure that the triaxial Hall sensor array element at the meshing position has good contact with the tested tooth surface of the gear under test. The triaxial Hall sensor array element collects the residual magnetic signal at the meshing position with the tested tooth surface of the gear under test.

[0013] Step 3: The probe gear rotates at low speed, driving the gear under test to rotate automatically. The triaxial Hall sensor array elements arranged on the tooth surface of the probe gear gradually mesh with the tooth surfaces of all the gears under test, and collect the residual magnetic signal at the meshing position.

[0014] Step 4: The signal processing module receives the residual magnetism signal from the triaxial Hall sensor array element, performs filtering processing through the signal processing algorithm, calculates the residual magnetism of each tooth surface of the gear under test, and realizes visual characterization.

[0015] Furthermore, the signals acquired by the triaxial Hall sensor array elements are numbered, preprocessed, and have their directional components extracted to calculate the remanence in each direction and construct a remanence vector distribution map, including the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Data acquisition and numbering of the triaxial Hall sensor array:

[0017] Each tooth surface on the probe gear is numbered as follows: j represents the number of tooth surfaces. Each tooth surface is arranged with m×n triaxial Hall sensor array elements, uniformly distributed on a two-dimensional grid of the tooth surface, and numbered as (i, u, v). , u and v are discrete indices in the length and width directions of the tooth surface, respectively. Each of the three-axis Hall sensor array elements acquires three channels of residual magnetism signals. ,in These correspond to the instantaneous components of remanence in the x, y, and z directions, respectively.

[0018] Step 2: Signal preprocessing:

[0019] right Perform low-pass filtering (filter cutoff frequency is...) (Using a frequency range of 10Hz to 100Hz), high-frequency interference is suppressed, and baseline drift correction and calibration are performed simultaneously to obtain a stable and effective signal. ;

[0020] Step 3: Extract the extreme values ​​and calculate the component remanence:

[0021] The triaxial Hall sensor array element outputs a voltage signal that varies with time during engagement. The signal reaches its peak when the triaxial Hall sensor array element and the tooth surface make contact. The moment corresponding to the maximum absolute value of the voltage is considered the effective engagement moment. Considering that remanence is approximately stable in a small region and that the triaxial Hall sensor array element has a fast response to a steady-state magnetic field, this peak value can approximately reflect the actual remanence component intensity at the engagement point in that direction. Therefore, in each channel, the maximum absolute value of the corresponding signal is determined. ,in By multiplying this by the inherent sensitivity S of the triaxial Hall sensor array element, the remanent magnetization component in each direction is obtained: ,in Permeability of free space;

[0022] Step 4: Triaxial synthesis yields the magnitude and direction of remanence:

[0023] The three directional components of remanence , , The resultant is the remanent magnetic vector at that point: Calculate its modulus to represent remanence: The corresponding unit vector direction is: This process yields the remanent magnetic vector at each point on each tooth surface;

[0024] Step 5: Constructing the remanent magnetization vector distribution map:

[0025] The remanent magnetic vector output by the m×n triaxial Hall sensor array elements on each tooth surface Organized in a two-dimensional grid order, it forms the tooth surface vector residual magnetic field distribution matrix:

[0026] The remanence value was normalized. The normalized modulus is mapped to a pseudo-color image to represent remanence, forming a remanence thermal map of the tooth surface. At the same time, a unit vector direction is superimposed on the remanence thermal map of the tooth surface to represent the local direction, thereby constructing a remanence vector distribution map and realizing a visual representation of remanence at multiple points on multiple tooth surfaces.

[0027] In summary, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The device and method for rapidly measuring the remanence of tooth surfaces of this invention arranges a triaxial Hall sensor array on the tooth surface of the probe. The remanence of the tooth surface of the tested gear is measured at the meshing position through the meshing of the probe gear and the tested gear. Furthermore, the tested gear is driven to rotate by the probe gear, thereby measuring the remanence of all tooth surfaces of the tested gear. Specifically, through the meshing rotation of the probe gear and the tested gear, the triaxial Hall sensor array embedded in the tooth surface of the probe gear sequentially meshes with each tooth surface of the tested gear, acquiring the remanence component signal at the meshing point in real time, and transmitting the acquired remanence signal to the signal processing module. After preprocessing, amplitude extraction, and triaxial synthesis, the remanence and direction distribution of the tooth surface can be reconstructed, thereby generating a magnetic field vector distribution map of the tooth surface of the tested gear. This achieves rapid, automatic, and visual measurement of the remanence of tooth surfaces, eliminating the need for complex scanning mechanisms. Rapid measurement of multiple tooth surfaces and multiple points can be completed through gear meshing and rotation, offering advantages such as high measurement efficiency, complete direction information, and ease of industrial integration. It is suitable for measuring the remanence of tooth surfaces of gear-type parts. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments;

[0029] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the arrangement of the probe gear sensor for parallel-axis involute spur gears according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the fit between the probe gear and the gear under inspection in one embodiment of a parallel shaft spur gear.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the fit between the probe gear and the gear under test in one embodiment of a parallel shaft helical gear.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the fit between the probe gear and the gear being inspected in one embodiment of a bevel gear system.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the fit between the probe gear and the gear being inspected in an embodiment applicable to internal gears.

[0034] In the diagram: 1. Hall sensor array; 2. Probe gear; 3. Gear under test. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the invention, and therefore only show the components relevant to the invention.

[0036] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" or "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0037] Please see Figures 1-5 This invention discloses a device and method for rapidly measuring the remanence of tooth surfaces. In a first aspect, the invention provides a device and method for rapidly measuring the remanence of tooth surfaces, comprising a probe gear module and a signal processing module. The probe gear module includes a probe gear for driving the tested gear to mesh and rotate, and a Hall sensor array uniformly arranged on each tooth surface of the probe gear. The Hall sensor array is composed of multiple triaxial Hall sensor elements. The probe gear meshes with the tested gear and drives the tested gear to rotate. The probe gear rotates in stages, during which each tooth surface of the probe gear meshes sequentially with the tooth surface of the gear under test, forming a measurement path that continuously advances with the rotation angle of the shaft, used to guide subsequent residual magnetism measurement. At the same time, the triaxial Hall sensor array element located at the meshing point collects the residual magnetism signal at the corresponding position of the tooth surface under test of the gear under test, realizing point-by-point acquisition and measurement of the residual magnetism of all tooth surfaces of the gear under test. The signal processing module is used to receive the residual magnetism signal collected by the triaxial Hall sensor array element, amplify and filter it, and output the residual magnetism vector distribution map of the tooth surface under test of the gear under test.

[0038] The meshing rotation process involves the probe gear rotating at a low speed, driving the gear under test to complete the meshing contact process. It is recommended that the rotation speed not exceed 20 r / min to ensure contact stability and sampling integrity.

[0039] The signal processing module can connect to all three-axis Hall sensor array channels, has multi-channel synchronous sampling capability, and the sampling frequency is recommended to be ≥2kHz. It is equipped with analog filtering and digital-to-analog conversion circuits, and can be connected to a host computer or embedded processing system to realize signal acquisition, amplitude extraction and visualization processing functions.

[0040] Furthermore, each tooth surface of the probe gear is provided with a plurality of micro-grooves for embedding the triaxial Hall sensor array element. The micro-grooves are uniformly arranged along the array arrangement direction, and all micro-grooves are encapsulated with resin to maintain the continuity of the tooth surface and the smoothness of meshing.

[0041] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for measuring the remanence of a tooth surface using the apparatus for rapidly measuring tooth surface remanence as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0042] Step 1: Select a gear with a tooth count ratio of 1:k (k=1,2,3...) to the gear under test as the probe gear. Encapsulate the triaxial Hall sensor array elements onto the probe gear tooth surface using resin material, ensuring a smooth probe tooth surface after encapsulation. The resin selected should have low magnetic permeability, high insulation, and good durability. Specifically, place the gear under test at the probe gear meshing position, and the two mesh with each other. The probe gear rotates at low speed, driving the gear under test to rotate synchronously. Due to the line contact characteristics of the involute tooth shape, the probe tooth surface embedded with the triaxial Hall sensor array elements gradually approaches the corresponding tooth surface of the gear under test during meshing and rotation, forming a natural contact scanning path, ensuring spatial alignment and contact stability.

[0043] Step 2: Place the gear under test at the meshing position of the probe gear. The probe gear and the gear under test mesh with each other to ensure that the array element of the triaxial Hall sensor at the meshing position has good contact with the tested tooth surface of the gear under test. The triaxial Hall sensor array element collects the residual magnetic signal of the array element at the meshing position with the tested tooth surface of the gear under test.

[0044] Step 3: The probe gear rotates at low speed, driving the gear under test to rotate automatically. The triaxial Hall sensor array elements arranged on the tooth surface of the probe gear gradually mesh with the tooth surfaces of all the gears under test, and collect the residual magnetic signal at the meshing position.

[0045] Step 4: The signal processing module receives the residual magnetism signal from the triaxial Hall sensor array element, performs filtering processing through the signal processing algorithm, calculates the residual magnetism of each tooth surface of the gear under test, and realizes visual characterization.

[0046] Furthermore, the signals acquired by the triaxial Hall sensor array elements are numbered, preprocessed, and have their directional components extracted to calculate the remanence in each direction and construct a remanence vector distribution map, including the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Data acquisition and numbering of the triaxial Hall sensor array:

[0048] Each tooth surface on the probe gear is numbered as follows: j represents the number of tooth surfaces. Each tooth surface is arranged with m×n triaxial Hall sensor array elements, uniformly distributed on a two-dimensional grid of the tooth surface, and numbered as (i, u, v). , u and v are discrete indices in the length and width directions of the tooth surface, respectively. Each of the three-axis Hall sensor array elements acquires three channels of residual magnetism signals. ,in These correspond to the instantaneous components of remanence in the x, y, and z directions, respectively; specifically, during each contact, the triaxial Hall sensor array elements output remanence signals along the three orthogonal directions. ,in The unit is v, and the time is t. Each signal constitutes a discrete-time series, and is numbered by angle / time labels, forming the following five-dimensional data structure: ;

[0049] Step 2: Signal preprocessing:

[0050] right Perform low-pass filtering (filter cutoff frequency is...) (Using a frequency range of 10Hz to 100Hz), high-frequency interference is suppressed, and baseline drift correction and calibration are performed simultaneously to obtain a stable and effective signal. ;

[0051] Step 3: Extract the extreme values ​​and calculate the component remanence:

[0052] The triaxial Hall sensor array element outputs a voltage signal that varies with time during engagement. The signal reaches its peak when the triaxial Hall sensor array element and the tooth surface make contact. The moment corresponding to the maximum absolute value of the voltage is considered the effective engagement moment. Considering that remanence is approximately stable in a small region and that the triaxial Hall sensor array element has a fast response to a steady-state magnetic field, this peak value can approximately reflect the actual remanence component intensity at the engagement point in that direction. Therefore, in each channel, the maximum absolute value of the corresponding signal is determined. ,in By multiplying this by the inherent sensitivity S of the triaxial Hall sensor array element, the remanent magnetization component in each direction is obtained: ,in Permeability of free space;

[0053] Step 4: Triaxial synthesis yields the magnitude and direction of remanence:

[0054] The three directional components of remanence , , The resultant is the remanent magnetic vector at that point: Calculate its modulus to represent remanence: The corresponding unit vector direction is: This process yields the remanent magnetic vector at each point on each tooth surface;

[0055] Step 5: Constructing the remanent magnetization vector distribution map:

[0056] The remanent magnetic vector output by the m×n triaxial Hall sensor array elements on each tooth surface Organized in a two-dimensional grid order, it forms the tooth surface vector residual magnetic field distribution matrix: The remanence value is normalized: The normalized modulus length is mapped to a pseudo-color image to represent remanence, forming a remanence thermal map of the tooth surface. Simultaneously, unit vector directions are superimposed on the tooth surface remanence thermal map to represent local directions, thereby constructing a remanence vector distribution map and achieving a visual representation of remanence at multiple points on multiple tooth surfaces. Specifically, the three-axis components are synthesized into a remanence vector. By using two-dimensional interpolation or direct mesh mapping, the data of each tooth surface is organized into a two-dimensional matrix, and the modulus strength is represented by a pseudo-color image. Vector arrows are superimposed to represent directional information, generating the final tooth surface remanent vector map.

[0057] The device and method for rapidly measuring the residual magnetism of gear teeth of the present invention, due to the inherent synchronous meshing characteristics of gear transmission mechanisms, can achieve a motion mode in which the contact line advances with the shaft rotation angle under compact structural conditions. Therefore, this structure is applicable to various standard gear mechanisms, including parallel shaft gear mechanisms (such as spur gear mechanisms, helical gear mechanisms, rack-and-pinion mechanisms, internal gear mechanisms) and spatial gear mechanisms (such as bevel gears, hypoid gears, helical gears, etc.). The present invention is not dependent on a specific gear form and can be applied to various gear types.

[0058] In one embodiment, a cylindrical gear with a standard involute tooth profile is preferred. Specifically, involute tooth profiles possess advantages such as a constant normal velocity ratio, smooth meshing, and a high degree of manufacturing standardization, making them widely used in industrial gear drives. Furthermore, their line contact configuration facilitates tooth surface contact and stable residual magnetism acquisition. Therefore, using involute gears not only offers universality and substitutability but also provides favorable contact conditions for subsequent sensor array embedding and stable magnetic field acquisition. For example... Figure 1 As shown, to simultaneously ensure stable acquisition of residual magnetism signals and stable gear meshing, multiple miniature grooves for embedding triaxial Hall sensor array elements are pre-set on the probe tooth surface. The groove positions correspond to the array arrangement, ensuring that each sensor is embedded in an independent groove position, forming a two-dimensional sensor array. All grooves are encapsulated in resin to maintain tooth surface continuity and meshing stability.

[0059] The present invention discloses a device and method for rapidly measuring the remanence of tooth surfaces. A triaxial Hall sensor array is arranged on the tooth surface of a probe. The remanence of the tooth surfaces under test is measured at the meshing positions of the probe gear and the gear under test through meshing. Furthermore, the remanence of all tooth surfaces of the gear under test is measured by driving the gear under test to rotate through the probe gear. Specifically, the triaxial Hall sensor array embedded in the probe gear's tooth surface sequentially meshes with each tooth surface of the gear under test through the meshing rotation of the probe gear and the gear under test, acquiring the remanence component signal at the meshing point in real time and transmitting the acquired remanence signal to a signal processing module. After preprocessing, amplitude extraction, and triaxial synthesis, the remanence and direction distribution of the tooth surfaces can be reconstructed, thereby generating a magnetic field vector distribution map of the gear tooth surface. This achieves rapid, automatic, and visual measurement of tooth surface remanence, eliminating the need for complex scanning mechanisms. Rapid measurement of multiple tooth surfaces and multiple points can be completed through gear meshing and rotation, offering advantages such as high measurement efficiency, complete direction information, and ease of industrial integration. It is suitable for measuring the remanence of tooth surfaces in gear-type parts.

[0060] Specifically, the device and method for rapidly measuring residual magnetism on tooth surfaces of this invention significantly reduce the sensor movement path and attitude adjustment steps compared to traditional residual magnetism measurement schemes. It eliminates the need for complex scanning platforms or manual positioning mechanisms, making it suitable for online measurement, batch measurement, and integration into automated measurement systems. By combining a three-axis Hall array with meshing drive, it enables synchronous acquisition of residual magnetism vector fields at multiple points on multiple tooth surfaces, representing an important supplement and expansion of existing residual magnetism measurement technology in gear-related parts applications. The structure and algorithm proposed in this invention are not dependent on specific gear forms and are applicable to various gear types, exhibiting good versatility and scalability in both standard and non-standard gear measurements.

[0061] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may utilize the disclosed technical content to make changes or equivalent variations to other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood through specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A device for rapidly measuring the remanence of tooth surfaces, characterized in that: The system includes a probe gear module and a signal processing module. The probe gear module includes a probe gear for driving the tested gear to mesh and rotate, and a Hall sensor array uniformly arranged on each tooth surface of the probe gear. The Hall sensor array is composed of multiple triaxial Hall sensor elements. The probe gear meshes with the tested gear and drives the tested gear to rotate synchronously. During rotation, each tooth surface of the probe gear meshes sequentially with the tooth surface of the tested gear, forming a measurement path that continuously advances with the rotation angle of the shaft, used to guide subsequent residual magnetism measurement. At the same time, the triaxial Hall sensor elements located at the meshing point collect the residual magnetism signal at the corresponding position of the tested tooth surface of the tested gear, realizing point-by-point acquisition and measurement of the residual magnetism of all tested tooth surfaces of the tested gear. The signal processing module is used to receive and process the residual magnetism signal collected by the triaxial Hall sensor elements, and output the residual magnetism vector distribution map of the tested tooth surface of the tested gear.

2. The device for rapidly measuring the remanence of tooth surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The probe gear has multiple micro-grooves on each tooth surface for embedding the triaxial Hall sensor array element. The micro-grooves are evenly arranged along the array arrangement direction. All micro-grooves are encapsulated with resin to maintain tooth surface continuity and meshing stability.

3. A method for measuring the remanence of a tooth surface using the apparatus for rapidly measuring tooth surface remanence according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1. Select a gear with a tooth count of 1:k, k=1,2,3... as the probe gear. Use resin material to encapsulate the triaxial Hall sensor array element on the tooth surface of the probe gear, ensuring that the tooth surface of the probe is flat after encapsulation. The resin is selected with low magnetic permeability, high insulation and good durability. Step 2. Place the gear under test at the meshing position of the probe gear. The probe gear and the gear under test mesh with each other to ensure that the triaxial Hall sensor array element at the meshing position has good contact with the tested tooth surface of the gear under test. The triaxial Hall sensor array element collects the residual magnetic signal of the array element at the meshing position with the tested tooth surface of the gear under test. Step 3. The probe gear rotates at low speed, driving the gear under test to rotate passively. The triaxial Hall sensor array elements arranged on the tooth surface of the probe gear gradually mesh with the tooth surfaces of all the gears under test, and collect the residual magnetism signal at the meshing position. Step 4. The signal processing module receives the residual magnetism signal from the triaxial Hall sensor array element, performs filtering processing through the signal processing algorithm, calculates the residual magnetism of each tooth surface of the gear under test, and realizes visual characterization.

4. The method for measuring the remanence of a tooth surface using the device for rapidly measuring tooth surface remanence according to claim 3, characterized in that: The signals acquired by the triaxial Hall sensor array elements are numbered, preprocessed, and have their directional components extracted to calculate the remanence in each direction and construct a remanence vector distribution map. This includes the following steps: Step 1. Data acquisition and numbering of the triaxial Hall sensor array: Each tooth surface on the probe gear is numbered as follows: j represents the number of tooth surfaces. Each tooth surface is arranged with m×n triaxial Hall sensor array elements, uniformly distributed on a two-dimensional grid of the tooth surface, and numbered i, u, v, where... , u and v are discrete indices in the length and width directions of the tooth surface, respectively. Each of the three-axis Hall sensor array elements acquires three channels of residual magnetism signals. ,in: These correspond to the instantaneous components of remanence in the x, y, and z directions, respectively. Step 2. Signal preprocessing: right Perform low-pass filtering, with a filter cutoff frequency of . The frequency range is 10Hz to 100Hz to suppress high-frequency interference, while baseline drift correction and calibration are performed to obtain a stable and effective signal. ; Step 3. Extract the extreme values ​​and calculate the component remanence: The triaxial Hall sensor array element outputs a voltage signal that varies with time during engagement. The signal reaches its peak when the triaxial Hall sensor array element and the tooth surface make contact. The moment corresponding to the maximum absolute value of the voltage is considered the effective engagement moment. This peak value reflects the actual remanent magnetization component intensity at the engagement point in that direction. Therefore, in each channel, the maximum absolute value of the corresponding signal is determined. ,in: By multiplying this by the inherent sensitivity S of the triaxial Hall sensor array element, the remanent magnetization component in each direction is obtained: ,in: Permeability of free space; Step 4. Triaxial synthesis yields the magnitude and direction of remanence: The three directional components of remanence , , The resultant is the remanent magnetization vector at that point: Calculate its modulus to represent remanence: The corresponding unit vector direction is: This process yields the remanent magnetization vector at each point on each tooth surface. Step 5. Construction of the remanent magnetization vector distribution map: The remanent magnetic vector output by the m×n triaxial Hall sensor array elements on each tooth surface Organized in a two-dimensional grid order, it forms the tooth surface vector residual magnetic field distribution matrix: The remanent magnetic modulus length is normalized. The normalized modulus is mapped to a pseudo-color image to represent remanence, forming a remanence thermal map of the tooth surface. At the same time, a unit vector direction is superimposed on the remanence thermal map of the tooth surface to represent the local direction, thereby constructing a remanence vector distribution map and realizing a visual representation of remanence at multiple points on multiple tooth surfaces.

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