Communication method and communication apparatus

Abstract

This application discloses a communication method and device, which can be applied in the field of communication technology. It facilitates access network devices in quickly and accurately identifying illegal flying objects, thereby enabling flight management of illegal flying objects and contributing to public safety. The method may include: receiving a first reflected signal from a first flying object; determining first sensing information based on the first reflected signal; the first sensing information including the flight sensing altitude of the first flying object; if the flight sensing altitude of the first flying object is greater than an altitude threshold, sending a first request, the first request being used to request the identity information of the flying object; if no first response is received from the first flying object within a first time period, determining that the first flying object is an illegal flying object, the first response including the identity information of the first flying object.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a communication method and a communication device. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, the UAV is increasingly widely used in the fields of urban logistics, emergency rescue and the like. However, as the cost of the UAV continues to decrease and the access to the UAV becomes more and more convenient, the UAV can be used to carry out spy activities, smuggling transportation, illegal attacks and the like. The improper use of the UAVs seriously threatens public safety. How to protect public safety is a technical problem to be solved urgently. SUMMARY

[0003] Embodiments of the present application provide a communication method and a communication device, which can quickly and accurately detect an illegal flying object, and can manage the flight of the illegal flying object after the illegal flying object is determined, thereby protecting public safety.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a communication method, which can be applied to an access network device. That is, the method can be executed by the access network device or by a device matched with the access network device, such as a processor or a chip. The method can include: receiving a first reflection signal from a first flying object; determining first perception information based on the first reflection signal; the first perception information including a flight perception height of the first flying object; in a case where the flight perception height of the first flying object is greater than a height threshold, sending a first request, the first request being used to request identity information of the flying object; in a case where a first response including the identity information of the first flying object is not received from the first flying object within a first time period, determining that the first flying object is an illegal flying object. Embodiments of the present application are beneficial to the access network device to quickly and accurately identify the illegal flying object, and further can realize flight management of the illegal flying object, which is helpful to protect public safety.

[0005] In a possible implementation manner, the above method further includes: in a case where the first response is received, sending authentication request information to a first network element, the authentication request information including the identity information of the first flying object; receiving authentication response information from the first network element; in a case where the authentication response information indicates that the first flying object fails in identity authentication, determining that the first flying object is an illegal flying object.

[0006] It can be seen that in this manner, after the flying object responds to the identity information, the access network device can request the first network element to perform identity authentication on the first flying object, and in a case where the first flying object fails in the identity authentication, it is determined that the first flying object is an illegal flying object, and further flight management of the illegal flying object can be realized, which is helpful to protect public safety.

[0007] In a possible implementation, the first perception information further includes perception position information of the first flight object, and the sending of the first request includes: determining a first beam from the at least one air beam based on the perception position information of the first flight object; and sending the first request to the first flight object through the first beam.

[0008] It can be seen that in this way, the first request is transmitted from one sender (the access network device) to one specific receiver (the first flight object) through one-to-one communication, thereby improving the accuracy, efficiency and reliability of the transmission of the first request and avoiding unnecessary network congestion.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the first request is used to request identity information of the flight objects in the first paging group, and the first request includes a group identifier of the first paging group.

[0010] It can be seen that in this way, the access network device carries the group identifier in the first request to implement batch paging and accurate management of multiple flight objects and solve the limitations of traditional single-user paging in terms of efficiency, resource consumption and security.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the first perception information further includes perception position information of the first flight object, and the first request is further used to indicate the perception position information of the first flight object.

[0012] For the first flight object, after receiving the first request, the perception position information of the first flight object is compared with the positioning position information of the first flight object, and if the perception position information of the first flight object is the same as the positioning position information of the first flight object, a first response is sent to the access network device, otherwise, if the positioning position information of the first flight object is different from the perception position information of the first flight object, other flight objects than the first flight object will not send a first response to the access network device, thereby avoiding unnecessary responses and power consumption.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the method further includes: in a case where the first flight object is an illegal flight object, sending an interference signal and / or an interception signal to the first flight object; the interference signal is used to hinder the first flight object from continuing to fly at a flight perception height of the first flight object, and the interception signal is used to hinder the first flight object from transmitting signals. For the first flight object, in a case where the first flight object receives the interference signal, the first flight object can reduce the flight height until the flight perception height of the first flight object is less than a height threshold, flight interference is performed on the illegal flight object through the interference signal, which helps to protect public safety; in a case where the first flight object receives the interception signal, the first flight object stops transmitting signals, flight interference is performed on the illegal flight object through the interception signal, which helps to protect public safety.

[0014] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, which can be applied to a first flying object. That is, the method can be executed by the first flying object, or by a device matched with the first flying object, such as a processor or a chip, etc. The method can include: sending a first reflection signal to an access network device, the first reflection signal being used to trigger the access network device to send a first request; the first request being used to request identity information of the flying object; in a case where the first request is received, sending a first response to the access network device, the first response including the identity information of the first flying object, the first request being used to determine whether the first flying object is a legal flying object.

[0015] In a possible implementation, the first request is used to request identity information of the flying object in a first paging group, and the first request includes a group identifier of the first paging group; in a case where the first request is received, sending the first response to the access network device includes: in a case where the first request is received and a paging group identifier corresponding to the first flying object is the same as the group identifier of the first paging group, sending the first response to the access network device.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the first request is further used to indicate perceived position information of the first flying object; in a case where the first request is received, sending the first response to the access network device includes: in a case where the first request is received and the perceived position information of the first flying object is the same as the positioning position information of the first flying object, sending the first response to the access network device.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the above method further includes: receiving an interference signal and / or an interception signal from the access network device; in response to the interference signal, reducing a flying height; in response to the interception signal, stopping signal transmission.

[0018] The second aspect is a first flying object side implementation corresponding to the first aspect, and the explanations, supplements and beneficial effects of the first aspect are also applicable to the second aspect, and will not be repeated.

[0019] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, which includes a module / unit for executing the method of the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof, or a module / unit for executing the method of the second aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0020] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication device. This device can be an access network device, a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the access network device in implementing the above-described methods, or a logical node, logical module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the access network device. The communication device can also be a chip system. This communication device can execute the method described in the first aspect. The functions of the communication device can be implemented in hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more units corresponding to the above-described functions. These units can be software and / or hardware. The operations performed by the communication device and its beneficial effects can be found in the method described in the first aspect and its beneficial effects described above; repeated descriptions will not be repeated.

[0021] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication device. This device can be a UAV, a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the UAV in implementing the above-described methods, or a logic node, logic module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the UAV functions. The communication device can also be a chip system. This communication device can execute the methods described in the second aspect. The functions of the communication device can be implemented in hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more units corresponding to the above-described functions. These units can be software and / or hardware. The operations performed by the communication device and its beneficial effects can be found in the methods described in the second aspect above, and will not be repeated here.

[0022] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a communication device, the communication device including at least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to a memory for storing programs or instructions, which, when executed by the processor, cause the communication device to perform the method described in either the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0023] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this application provide a communication device, which includes a processor and an interface circuit. The interface circuit is used to receive signals from other communication devices outside the communication device and transmit them to the processor, or to send signals from the processor to other communication devices outside the communication device. The processor is used to implement the method described in either the first or second aspect through logic circuits or execution code instructions.

[0024] Eighthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause the method executed by the access network device as described in the first aspect to be implemented; or cause the method executed by the first flying object as described in the second aspect to be implemented.

[0025] Ninthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product including a computer program, which, when executed, causes the method executed by the access network device as described in the first aspect to be implemented; or causes the method executed by the first flying object as described in the second aspect to be implemented.

[0026] In a tenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a communication system, which includes a communication device (e.g., an access network device) for performing the method described in the first aspect and a communication device (e.g., a first flying object) for performing the communication method described in the second aspect.

[0027] Understandably, the beneficial effects that the communication method, communication device, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product provided above can be achieved by referring to the beneficial effects in the first or second aspect and any possible implementation thereof, which will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This application provides a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an access network device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a perception scene provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of this application, the application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] The terms "first" and "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and drawings of this application are used only to distinguish different objects and not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0037] The term "embodiment" as used herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0038] In this application, "at least one (item)" refers to one or more, "more than" refers to two or more, "at least two (items)" refers to two or three or more, and "and / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. "Or" indicates that there can be two relationships, such as only A exists and only B exists; when A and B are not mutually exclusive, it can also mean that there are three relationships, such as only A exists, only B exists, and A and B exist simultaneously. The character " / " generally indicates that the related objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. "At least one (item) of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items. For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c".

[0039] In this application, "sending information to... (e.g., access network equipment)" can be understood as the destination of the information being the access network equipment. This can include sending information directly or indirectly to the access network equipment. "Receiving information from... (e.g., access network equipment)" or "receiving information from... (e.g., access network equipment)" can be understood as the source of the information being the access network equipment, and can include receiving information directly or indirectly from the access network equipment. Information may undergo necessary processing between the source and destination, such as format changes, but the destination can understand the valid information from the source. Similar expressions in this application can be interpreted similarly, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0040] In this application, "...when" and "if" both refer to the corresponding processing that will be carried out under certain objective circumstances, and are not limited to a specific time. They do not require a judgment action during implementation, nor do they imply any other limitations.

[0041] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design that is described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner to facilitate understanding.

[0042] In this application, "instruction" may include: direct instruction, or indirect instruction, or explicit instruction, or implicit instruction.

[0043] In this application, "including" can include: direct inclusion, indirect inclusion, explicit inclusion, or implicit inclusion.

[0044] The prior art may change as the technical solutions evolve, and the technical solutions provided in this application are not limited to the prior art provided.

[0045] It should be noted that different embodiments or some steps (e.g., any one or more steps) in different embodiments of this application can be combined with each other to form new embodiments. It should also be noted that the scope of this application is not limited to including optional steps in a certain embodiment, mandatory steps in a certain embodiment, or both optional and mandatory steps in a certain embodiment.

[0046] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terminology and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced in each other.

[0047] It should be noted that the order of the steps in the embodiments of this application is not limited by this application.

[0048] It should be noted that the order in which different conditions are judged in the embodiments of this application is not limited by this application.

[0049] It should be noted that the terms "after" and "time" in this application do not strictly limit the specific point in time.

[0050] It should be noted that the nouns and terms used in this application are merely examples and may be other names, which are not limited in this application.

[0051] The technical solutions of this application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) systems, New Radio (NR), the 3rd Generation Partner Project (3GPP) Service-Based Architecture (SBA) and other fifth-generation (5G) communication systems or future communication systems.

[0052] To provide communication services for UAVs, the 3GPP standard introduced a system logical framework for UAVs. Please refer to... Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system applicable to embodiments of this application. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the communication system includes a UAV, a radio (R) access network (AN), a core network (CN), and a data network (DN). The UAV can access the DN through the access network and the core network.

[0053] UAVs, also known as unmanned aerial vehicles, are widely used in various scenarios, such as aerial surveying and mapping, power line inspection, disaster relief and detection, forest fire prevention, border patrol, maritime law enforcement, disaster assessment, nuclear radiation detection, environmental protection, emergency rescue, remote sensing and mapping, resource exploration and mapping, express delivery, cargo transportation, agricultural irrigation, pest and disease monitoring, crop growth assessment, power line inspection, oil and gas pipeline inspection, search and patrol, reconnaissance and surveillance, meteorological observation, and geographic information collection. UAVs can be fixed-wing UAVs, rotary-wing UAVs, hybrid-aircraft UAVs, unmanned helicopters, unmanned airships, etc. The embodiments in this application do not limit the equipment form of the UAV.

[0054] (R)AN is used to implement access-related functions, providing network access functionality for authorized users in specific areas, and determining transmission links of different quality based on user level and service requirements to transmit user data. (R)AN forwards control signals and user data between UAV and CN. (R)AN may include one or more access network devices. The interface between the access network device and UAV can be a Uu interface (or air interface, meaning messages exchanged between the access network device and UAV can be called air interface messages). Of course, in future communications, the interface name may remain unchanged or be replaced by other names; this application does not limit this.

[0055] Access network equipment, also known as radio access network equipment, RAN entities, or access nodes, is used to help UAVs access communication systems wirelessly. In one application scenario, access network equipment can be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), an access point (AP), a transmission reception point (TRP), a next-generation NodeB (gNB), a base station in a future mobile communication system, or an access node in a WiFi system. Access network equipment can be a macro base station, a micro base station or indoor station, a relay node or donor node, or a radio controller in a CRAN scenario. Optionally, access network equipment can also be a server, wearable device, vehicle, or in-vehicle equipment. For example, in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology, the access network equipment can be a roadside unit (RSU).

[0056] In another possible scenario, multiple access network devices collaborate to assist the UAV in achieving wireless access, with each access network device implementing a portion of the base station's functions. For example, the access network devices can be a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a CU-control plane (CP), a CU-user plane (UP), or a radio unit (RU), etc. The CU and DU can be set up separately or included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). The RU can be included in radio equipment or radio units, such as a remote radio unit (RRU), an active antenna unit (AAU), or a remote radio head (RRH).

[0057] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an access network device is shown. Figure 2 As shown, the access network equipment includes one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and one or more radio units (RUs). For clarity, Figure 2 Only one CU, DU, and RU are shown. The CU is used to connect to the core network and one or more DUs. Optionally, the CU may have some of the core network's functions. The CU may include CU-CP and CU-UP.

[0058] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, in an ORAN system, CU can be called an open CU (O-CU), DU can be called an open DU (O-DU), CU-CP can be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can be called O-CU-UP, and RU can be called O-RU. For ease of description, this application uses CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU, and RU as examples. Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software and hardware modules.

[0059] Communication between access network equipment and UAV follows a specific protocol layer structure. This protocol layer may include a control plane protocol layer and a user plane protocol layer. The control plane protocol layer may include at least one of the following: radio resource control (RRC) layer, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, radio link control (RLC) layer, media access control (MAC) layer, or physical (PHY) layer, etc. The user plane protocol layer may include at least one of the following: service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, PDCP layer, RLC layer, MAC layer, or physical layer, etc.

[0060] The CU and DU can be configured according to the protocol layer functions of the wireless network they implement: for example, the CU can be configured to implement the functions of the PDCP layer and above (such as the RRC layer and / or SDAP layer); the DU can be configured to implement the functions of the protocol layers below the PDCP layer (such as the RLC layer, MAC layer, and / or PHY layer). Alternatively, the CU can be configured to implement the functions of the PDCP layer and above (such as the RRC layer and / or SDAP layer), and the DU can be configured to implement the functions of the PDCP layer and below (such as the RLC layer, MAC layer, and / or PHY layer).

[0061] When a CU includes CU-CP and CU-UP, CU-CP is used to implement the control plane functions of the CU, and CU-UP is used to implement the user plane functions of the CU. For example, when a CU is configured to implement the functions of the PDCP layer, RRC layer, and SDAP layer, CU-CP is used to implement the RRC layer functions and the control plane functions of the PDCP layer, and CU-UP is used to implement the SDAP layer functions and the user plane functions of the PDCP layer.

[0062] The CU-CP can interact with network elements in the core network used to implement control plane functions. These network elements can be access and mobility function (AMF) network elements, such as the AMF in a 5G system. These AMF network elements are responsible for mobility management in the mobile network, such as UAV location updates, UAV registration with the network, and UAV handover.

[0063] CU-UP can interact with network elements in the core network used to implement user plane functions. These network elements, such as the UPF (User Plane Function) in a 5G system, are responsible for forwarding and receiving data in the UAV.

[0064] The above CU and DU configurations are merely examples; the functions of the CU and DU can be configured as needed. For instance, the CU or DU can be configured to have more protocol layer functions, or only some protocol layer processing functions. For example, some RLC layer functions and protocol layer functions above the RLC layer can be placed in the CU, while the remaining RLC layer functions and protocol layer functions below the RLC layer can be placed in the DU. Furthermore, the functions of the CU or DU can be divided according to service type or other system requirements, such as by latency. Functions that require low latency can be placed in the DU, while functions that do not require low latency can be placed in the CU.

[0065] DUs and RUs can work together to implement the functions of the PHY layer. A DU can be connected to one or more RUs. The functions of DUs and RUs can be configured in various ways depending on the design. For example, a DU can be configured to implement baseband functions, and an RU can be configured to implement mid-RF functions. Another example is that a DU can be configured to implement higher-level functions in the PHY layer, and an RU can be configured to implement lower-level functions in the PHY layer, or both lower-level and RF functions. Higher-level functions in the physical layer can include a portion of the physical layer's functions that are closer to the MAC layer, while lower-level functions in the physical layer can include another portion of the physical layer's functions that are closer to the mid-RF side.

[0066] In the embodiments of this application, the functions of the access network device can be executed by modules (such as chips) within the access network device, or by a control subsystem that includes access network device functions. This control subsystem, including access network device functions, can be an air traffic control department in the aforementioned application scenarios such as smart grids, industrial control, intelligent transportation, and smart cities. Similarly, the functions of the UAV can be executed by modules (such as chips or modems) within the UAV, or by a device that includes UAV functions.

[0067] The Network Component (CN) may include, but is not limited to, multiple functional units such as access and mobility management function (AMF) network elements, session management function (SMF) network elements, user plane function (UPF) network elements, authentication server function (AUSF) network elements, policy control function (PCF) network elements, application function (AF) network elements, unified data management (UDM) network elements, network slice selection function (NSSF) network elements, network element function (NEF) network elements, and network data analysis function (NWDAF) network elements. The AF network element may include, but is not limited to, unscrewed aerial system service provider (USS) sub-units or unified threat management (UTM) sub-units.

[0068] The following is a brief explanation of the network elements included in CN.

[0069] 1. AMF network element: Primarily responsible for mobility management, access management, and other services. For example, it supports UAV three-dimensional mobility management (altitude-dimensional handover decision-making) and triggers UAV priority access protection in emergency situations (such as low battery).

[0070] 2. SMF Network Elements: Primarily used for session management in mobile networks. This includes session establishment, modification, and release. Specific functions include assigning Internet Protocol (IP) addresses to users and selecting UPF network elements that provide packet forwarding capabilities. For example, creating differentiated sessions for UAV control flow (low latency) and data flow (high bandwidth), and selecting the optimal UPF based on NWDAF recommendations (e.g., a UPF near the airport for takeoff and landing control).

[0071] 3. UPF network element: mainly responsible for packet routing and forwarding, packet filtering, and performing quality of service (QoS) control related functions when connecting to the data network and user plane.

[0072] 4. AUSF network element: mainly used to perform UAV security authentication.

[0073] 5. PCF Network Element: Primarily supports providing a unified policy framework to control network behavior, delivering policy rules to control layer network functions, and acquiring user subscription information related to policy decisions. The PCF network element can provide policies, such as QoS policies and slice selection policies, to AMF and SMF network elements. For example, it can dynamically adjust the QoS level of UAVs (e.g., inspection task priority > aerial photography task), and perform geofencing management based on AF policies translated from NEF.

[0074] 6. AF network element: mainly used to provide services to the 3GPP network, such as interacting with PCF network elements for policy control.

[0075] 7. UDM network element: mainly used to store user data, such as subscription data, authentication / authorization data, etc.

[0076] 8. NSSF network element: mainly used to select network slices for UAV.

[0077] 9. NEF Network Elements: Primarily used to support the opening of capabilities and events. For example, NEF network elements can expose some capabilities of the 5G network to third-party applications through application program interfaces (APIs). Third-party applications can obtain some capabilities of the 5G network by calling the APIs provided by NEF through the AF, enabling them to control certain behaviors of the 5G network and UAVs. For example, they can expose real-time UAV location, network load status, and QoS indicators to the AF; convert UAV route policies (such as no-fly zone avoidance) issued by the AF into policy rules that the PCF can recognize; and perform identity authentication and traffic isolation for third-party UAV platforms.

[0078] 10. NWDAF Network Element: Primarily used to predict the movement trajectory of UAV clusters, trigger AMF handover preparation in advance (reducing the risk of network interruption during high-speed flight), analyze the characteristics of UAV video backhaul traffic, dynamically adjust UPF traffic distribution strategies, such as enabling Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) offloading during sudden traffic surges, identifying abnormal UAVs based on historical data (such as Global Positioning System (GPS) spoofing attacks), and coordinating with PCF traffic limiting, etc.

[0079] 11. USS Subnet Element: Primarily responsible for collecting and distributing UAV flight data, coordinating the airspace usage needs of different operators, and assisting UAV operators in meeting regulatory requirements, such as submitting flight plans and obtaining airspace authorization.

[0080] 12. UTM subnet element: mainly used for flight information management and traffic management of UAVs.

[0081] It is understood that the above examples exemplify several core network elements included in the CN. In addition, other core network elements may also be included. These network elements or functions can be physical entities in hardware devices, software instances running on dedicated hardware, or virtualized functions instantiated on a shared platform (e.g., a cloud platform). Optionally, these network elements or functions can be implemented by one device, multiple devices working together, or a functional module within a single device; this application does not specifically limit this.

[0082] A DN is a network located outside the carrier network. The carrier network can access multiple DNs, and various services can be deployed on a DN, providing data and / or voice services for UAVs.

[0083] Figure 1 Nnef, Nnrf, Npcf, Nudm, Nudr, Nnwdaf, Naf, Nausf, Namf, Nsmf, N1, N2, N3, N4, N6, and N63 are interface sequence numbers. For example, the meaning of the above interface sequence numbers can be found in the definitions in the 3GPP standard protocols, and this application does not limit the meaning of the above interface sequence numbers. It should be noted that... Figure 1 The interface names between the various network functions in this document are merely examples. In actual implementations, the interface names of this system architecture may be other names, and this application does not limit them. Furthermore, the names of the messages (or signaling) transmitted between the aforementioned network elements are also merely examples and do not constitute any limitation on the function of the messages themselves.

[0084] It should be noted that, in Figure 1 In the architecture shown, the interface between (R)AN and CN can also be called the NG interface. Figure 1 (Not shown in the diagram), (R)AN and CN are connected via the NG interface. The NG interface may include the NG-C interface and the NG-U interface. The NG-C interface is the control plane interface, connecting (R)AN and AMF, and is used to transmit control plane data. The NG-U interface is the user plane interface, connecting (R)AN and UPF, and is used to transmit user plane data.

[0085] The naming conventions described above are defined solely for the purpose of distinguishing different functions and should not be construed as limiting this application. This application does not preclude the possibility of using other naming conventions in 5G networks and other future networks. For example, in other future networks, some or all of the aforementioned network elements may retain the terminology used in 5G, or they may adopt other names.

[0086] The aforementioned network element may also be referred to as an entity, device, apparatus, or module, etc., and this application does not specifically limit it. Furthermore, in this application, for ease of understanding and explanation, the description of network element is omitted in some descriptions. For example, the SMF network element is abbreviated as SMF. In this case, "SMF" should be understood as the SMF network element. The following descriptions of the same or similar cases are omitted.

[0087] In summary, UAVs can access the core network via the radio access network; USS or UTM network elements can access the core network via the NEF entity, or the UAS-NF network elements deployed within the NEF entity. Therefore, in serving UAVs, the USS can obtain the services required by the UAVs through access network devices, thereby supporting the relevant UAV services. These services that the USS can obtain through access network devices include, but are not limited to: positioning, authentication, and online status monitoring.

[0088] The following is a description of the technical terms used in the embodiments of this application:

[0089] I. Perception

[0090] Also known as wireless sensing, it refers to sensing using wireless signals. Sensing is the process of collecting, processing, and generating sensing results from data. For example, it can use collected data to determine the distance, shape, or type of surrounding obstacles. Or, it can use collected data to determine the breathing rate and / or heart rate of a monitored object. The collected data can be data acquired through sensors or data acquired through wireless signals.

[0091] Both wireless sensing and wireless communication are based on electromagnetic wave theory. At the transmitting end, electromagnetic wave signals are modulated, allowing them to carry source information. During propagation, these signals are affected by the wireless environment, meaning they are influenced by the environment and can also carry environmental information. At the receiving end, by analyzing the electromagnetic wave signals, not only can the carried source information be obtained, but also sensing information reflecting the characteristics of the propagation environment can be extracted. In other words, electromagnetic wave signals inherently possess both communication and sensing capabilities, making integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) possible. ISAC can also be called joint communications and sensing (JCAS), or simply integrated sensing and communication. In short, ISAC enables transmitted wireless signals to simultaneously possess sensing and communication capabilities. Compared to separate sensing and communication implementations, it offers several advantages, such as cost savings, reduced device size, lower power consumption, improved frequency efficiency, and reduced mutual interference between communication and sensing.

[0092] Below, in conjunction with Figure 3 This paper introduces the various sensing scenarios involved in this application.

[0093] exist Figure 3 In Scenario 1, the access network device acts as both the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) of the sensing signal. For example, sensing signal 1 transmitted by the access network device reaches a flying object (e.g., a UAV). Subsequently, sensing signal 1 is reflected by the flying object to obtain (or become) sensing signal 2. The access network device can receive sensing signal 2 and process it to obtain the sensing result.

[0094] exist Figure 3 In scenario 2, one access network device acts as the transmitter (TX) of the sensing signal, and the other access network device acts as the receiver (RX) of the sensing signal. For example, the sensing signal 1 transmitted by the access network device acting as TX reaches the flying object. Subsequently, the sensing signal 1 is reflected by the flying object to obtain (or become) sensing signal 2. The access network device acting as RX can receive sensing signal 2, and then process sensing signal 2 to obtain the sensing result.

[0095] exist Figure 3In scenario 3, the terminal device acts as the transmitter of the sensing signal, and the access network device acts as the receiver of the sensing signal. For example, sensing signal 1 sent by the terminal device reaches the flying object. Subsequently, sensing signal 1 is reflected by the flying object to obtain (or become) sensing signal 2. The access network device can receive sensing signal 2, and then process sensing signal 2 to obtain the sensing result.

[0096] It is understandable that the sensing signal 2 in scenarios 1 to 3 above can be understood as the echo signal of the sensing signal 1 (or the reflected signal, or in other words, the sensing signal 2 is the signal obtained after the sensing signal 1 is reflected). The sensing signal 2 carries more information than the sensing signal 1. For example, the sensing signal 2 can carry source information and environmental information.

[0097] The terminal device in scenario 3 above can be a terminal device with transceiver functions, or a chip or chip system that can be installed in the terminal device. This terminal device can also be referred to as user equipment (UE), access terminal, subscriber unit, user station, mobile station (MS), mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication equipment, user agent, or user device. The terminal devices in the embodiments of this application may be mobile phones, cellular phones, smartphones, tablets, wireless data cards, personal digital assistant computers (PDAs), wireless modems, handsets, laptop computers, machine-type communication (MTC) terminals, computers with wireless transceiver capabilities, virtual reality (VR) terminals, augmented reality (AR) terminals, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in remote medical care, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, vehicle-mounted terminals, roadside units (RSUs) with terminal functions, etc. The terminal device of this application may also be an on-board module, on-board unit, on-board component, on-board chip or on-board unit that is built into a vehicle as one or more components or units.

[0098] In one possible implementation, the flying objects in scenarios 1 to 3 above can be any UAV, bird, kite, sky lantern, carrier pigeon, etc. that can be sensed by the access network device, and this application does not limit them.

[0099] In one possible implementation, the sensing results in scenarios 1 to 3 described above may include at least one of the following: the distance between the flying object and the corresponding device (such as the receiver of sensing signal 2), the angle of the flying object relative to the corresponding device, the Doppler frequency shift of the flying object relative to the corresponding device, the flight speed of the flying object, the flight altitude of the flying object, the position information of the flying object, the signal delay of sensing signal 2, etc., which are not limited here. In order to distinguish the information in the sensing results and non-sensing results, the sensing information can be added to the corresponding information. For example, the flight altitude of the flying object in the sensing results can be described as the flight sensing altitude of the flying object.

[0100] in, Figure 3 The number of access network devices and terminal devices is merely illustrative and should not be considered as a specific limitation on this application.

[0101] II. Beamforming

[0102] A beam is the electromagnetic wave radiation pattern of a group of antenna systems.

[0103] Beamforming, also known as beam steering, is a signal processing technique that uses sensor arrays (such as antenna arrays) to sense, process, and transmit the spatial characteristics (such as propagation direction) of signals. Beamforming precisely controls the phase and amplitude of the signals transmitted by each antenna, causing the signals to superimpose in the desired direction (constructive interference), thus enhancing energy; and to cancel out in the undesired direction (destructive interference), thus weakening energy, thereby forming a sharp "energy beam" pointing in the desired direction.

[0104] Based on the direction of the beam, the beams of network devices can be divided into two types: air-to-ground beams and ground-to-ground beams.

[0105] The air-to-ground beam refers to the beam that primarily covers high-altitude areas, mainly used to cover aerial equipment such as UAVs. The main lobe of the air-to-ground beam of network equipment is pointed towards the terminal equipment in the air.

[0106] A ground-to-ground beam is a directional beam pointed towards the ground or low-altitude areas, primarily used to cover ground-based terminal equipment or low-altitude devices (such as vehicles and IoT terminals). The main lobe of the ground-to-ground beam of a network device is aligned with the ground-based terminal equipment.

[0107] III. Restricted Areas

[0108] Restricted airspace, also known as restricted airspace or flight restriction zone, refers to special airspace established to safeguard national defense, maintain air traffic order, and protect the lives and property of the public. Within these areas, the flight of aircraft (including UAVs) is strictly restricted or prohibited to ensure flight safety and the smooth operation of related activities.

[0109] Airspace restricted areas are divided into prohibited zones, restricted flight zones, and danger zones. A prohibited zone is an area designated by a country over its land or territorial waters where aircraft are prohibited from flying. No aircraft may enter without permission, otherwise, serious legal consequences will follow. A restricted flight zone is an area designated by a country over its land or territorial waters where aircraft are restricted from flying under certain conditions. Aircraft entering a restricted zone must meet the specific conditions stipulated therein. Entering a restricted zone in violation of these conditions will also result in serious legal consequences. A danger zone is a designated area where activities that pose a danger to flight exist within a specified timeframe. For example, when a country conducts military exercises, aircraft may be deployed not only within its exclusive economic zone but also into the high seas. In such cases, a danger zone can be designated for a certain period, meaning that this area is dangerous during that time, and aircraft are prohibited from entering it. Specifically, airspace restricted areas may include, but are not limited to, the airspace designated above military strongholds and equipment testing grounds near air routes and flight paths, as well as the airspace of air force units, flight schools, and other aviation units.

[0110] IV. Flight targets and illegal flight targets

[0111] A flying object refers to an object in the air that can move actively or passively, including kites, birds, airplanes, UAVs, meteorites, helicopters, etc. A legal flying object is one that has registered its flight with air traffic control and received approval to enter a restricted flight area. An illegal flying object, in contrast to a legal flying object, refers to one that has not registered its flight with air traffic control or received approval to enter a restricted flight area.

[0112] V. UAV Technology

[0113] UAVs are unmanned aircraft controlled by radio remote control equipment and their own program control devices, or operated autonomously, either completely or intermittently, by onboard computers.

[0114] With the rapid development of UAV technology, its application in urban logistics, emergency rescue, and other fields is becoming increasingly widespread. However, due to the continuous reduction in UAV costs and the increasing ease of acquisition, they are being used for illegal flights, illegal border crossings for reconnaissance and intelligence gathering, or interference with critical communication systems. These improper uses of UAVs seriously threaten public safety.

[0115] To ensure public safety, this application proposes a communication method. The following is based on… Figure 1 The system architecture shown here provides a detailed explanation of the communication method provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0116] Please see Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. The method may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0117] S401, the first flying object sends a first reflected signal to the access network device. Correspondingly, the access network device receives the first reflected signal from the first flying object.

[0118] The first reflected signal refers to the second sensing signal received by the access network device after the first sensing signal sent by the signal source is reflected or refracted by the first flying object. The signal source can be the access network device or other devices communicating with the access network device. The first sensing signal can be a reference signal, such as a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), or a sensing reference signal introduced for sensing purposes.

[0119] The function of the signal source transmitting sensing signals can be triggered by an event. For example, the control center or other equipment corresponding to the air traffic control department sends a first instruction to the signal source, instructing the signal source to transmit a sensing signal. Accordingly, the signal source transmits the sensing signal upon receiving the first instruction. Optionally, the first instruction includes the flight restriction period of the flight restriction area; in this case, the signal source will transmit the sensing signal within the flight restriction period. Optionally, the first instruction includes the flight restriction period of the flight restriction area and a first time interval; in this case, the signal source will transmit the sensing signal according to the first time interval within the flight restriction period. Optionally, the first instruction includes the time of an event affecting the flight of the target object; in this case, the signal source will transmit the sensing signal during that event time.

[0120] In this embodiment, the first flying object can be any UAV in a UAV swarm. A UAV swarm, also known as a UAV cluster, refers to a group of multiple UAVs that can work together to complete a specific task, or they can operate independently without any collaborative task. Optionally, for any UAV in the UAV swarm, there must be another UAV in the swarm that is within a distance threshold (e.g., 1.5 meters) of it.

[0121] S402, the access network device determines the first sensing information based on the first reflected signal. The first sensing information includes the flight sensing altitude of the first flying object.

[0122] The parameters corresponding to the reflected signal, such as time delay, angle of arrival, and Doppler shift, can reflect the perceived position information and / or related information such as the perceived altitude of the flying object.

[0123] In a scenario where a signal source sends a sensing signal, which is then reflected or refracted by a flying object, and the access network device receives the reflected signal, the time delay refers to the time difference between the time the signal source sends the sensing signal and the time the access network device receives the reflected signal. This time delay is caused by differences in the propagation path length or changes in the medium properties. The angle of arrival is the angle between the propagation direction of the reflected signal and the normal direction of the access network antenna. The Doppler shift refers to the frequency shift of the reflected signal due to compression or stretching of the propagation path when the flying object moves relative to the access network device.

[0124] After receiving the first reflected signal, the access network device can calculate the corresponding time delay, angle of arrival, and Doppler frequency shift. Furthermore, based on the time delay, angle of arrival, and Doppler frequency shift, it can determine the flight sensing altitude and sensing position information. All the information determined based on the first reflected signal can be referred to as sensing information.

[0125] S403, if the perceived flight altitude of the first flying object is greater than an altitude threshold, the access network device sends a first request. Correspondingly, the first flying object receives the first request from the access network device. The first request is used to request the identity information of the flying object.

[0126] The altitude threshold, also known as the flight altitude threshold or flight height restriction threshold, refers to the upper limit of the vertical altitude of a flying object relative to a reference plane when performing a mission. In this application, flight altitude refers to the vertical altitude of the flying object relative to the reference plane. Air traffic control departments can select a reference plane from the standard barometric surface or the airport runway surface as needed, and the reference plane can be determined based on the airspace type and purpose of the restricted airspace. For example, the reference plane for the flight altitude threshold in a tower control area is the airport runway surface, while the reference plane for an area control area is the standard barometric surface. The reference plane for the perceived flight altitude is the same as that for the altitude threshold, meaning that the access network equipment can determine the perceived flight altitude using the reference plane of the altitude threshold.

[0127] Optionally, air traffic control authorities can set a lower limit and an upper limit for flight management altitude in restricted flight areas based on regional management needs. Furthermore, air traffic control authorities can set a flight altitude threshold based on the lower limit, where the threshold is lower than the lower limit. For example, if the lower limit is 50 meters, the flight altitude threshold could be 49 meters.

[0128] The structure of the first request can be structure 1:

[0129] {

[0130] "Request type": Authentication

[0131] "Request Source Identification (ID)": The Media Access Control (MAC) address of the access network device.

[0132] "Encryption Key": A session key encrypted with the public key of the access network device.

[0133] Response time: 200ms / / Adapting to the high-speed movement characteristics of aircraft

[0134] }

[0135] The first data item mentioned above, "Request Type": Authentication, indicates that the purpose of the first request is to authenticate the recipient. If the first request includes this first data item, the flight object, upon receiving the first request, will include its identity information in the first response and send it back to the access network device.

[0136] In the second data item mentioned above, the "Request Source ID" is used to uniquely identify the request source; the MAC address of the access network device, also known as the physical address or hardware address, is used to define the location of the access network device (e.g., the access network device itself); the "Request Source ID" indicates that the access network device's MAC address is a unique identifier used to define the location of the access network device. If the first request includes this second data item, after receiving the first request, the flight object will carry the flight object's identity information in the first response and send the first response to the access network device based on the access network device's MAC address.

[0137] The aforementioned third data item, "encryption key," refers to the session key encrypted using the public key encryption technology of the access network device. The session key, also known as a symmetric key, is used for encryption and decryption with the same key. It is a randomly generated encryption and decryption key to ensure secure communication sessions between two communicating entities and can be negotiated between the users. The session key is dynamically generated only when session data encryption is required. If the first request includes this third data item, the flight target, upon receiving the first request, will use its built-in Electronic Certification Authority (CA) certificate to decrypt the session key.

[0138] In the fourth data point mentioned above, "response time limit" refers to the maximum time limit within which a device must respond after receiving a request; a "response time limit" of 200ms means that the flying object must respond within 200 milliseconds after receiving a request. This 200ms "response time limit" constraint is designed to accommodate the high-speed movement characteristics of aircraft. In other words, the "response time limit" can be set as needed.

[0139] It should be noted that the structure of the first request described above is for illustrative purposes only. In actual applications, the structure of the first request may include more or fewer data items. Optionally, the first request may carry a timestamp, which uniquely identifies a request sending task, allowing the receiver to know which request was sent. In other words, the timestamp indicates which request the first request belongs to.

[0140] Based on the classification of the destination address range for data transmission in network communication, access network devices can send the first request in the following three ways.

[0141] In Method 1, the access network device uses unicast to send a first request to the first flying object. In this case, the first sensing information also includes the sensing location information of the first flying object. The access network device can determine a first beam from at least one air-to-ground beam based on the sensing location information of the first flying object, and then send the first request to the first flying object through the first beam.

[0142] As can be seen, in this method, the first request is transmitted from a sender (access network device) to a specific receiver (first flight object) through a one-to-one communication method, which improves the accuracy, efficiency and reliability of the first request transmission and avoids unnecessary network congestion.

[0143] Method 2: The access network device sends a first request via multicast. In this method, the first request is used to request the identity information of the flight object within the first paging group, and the first request includes the group identifier of the first paging group. That is, the access network device carries the group identifier of the first paging group in the first request. After receiving the first request, the first flight object will compare its corresponding paging group identifier with the group identifier of the first paging group. If the paging group identifier of the first flight object is the same as the group identifier of the first paging group, the first flight object will send a first response to the access network device.

[0144] For example, the first request is constructed using a dedicated Radio Network TemMorary Identifier (RNTI). For instance, based on the M-RNTI within the RNTI, all UEs are predefined with an M-RNTI at the factory. The access network device can reserve a special paging group for all UAVs, corresponding to a network-wide unified M-RNTI value, denoted as M-RNTI1. The access network device can include this reserved M-RNTI1 in the first request. For UAVs, if they are pre-configured in their firmware to listen for this M-RNTI1, then when the first request includes this reserved M-RNTI1, if the firmware is configured to listen for this M-RNTI1—for example, if the firmware of the first flight target contains M-RNTI1—then the first flight target will respond to the first request. Other UEs besides the UAV will ignore the first request because the M-RNTI1 does not match their paging group.

[0145] As can be seen, in this method, the access network device can achieve batch paging and precise management of multiple flying objects by carrying the group identifier in the first request, thus solving the limitations of traditional single-user paging in terms of efficiency, resource consumption and security.

[0146] Method 3: The access network device sends the first request via broadcast. In this method, the access network device can send the first request to all UEs within its signal coverage area.

[0147] Using method two or three, there may be multiple recipients of the first request. If multiple recipients respond, their responses need to be processed to determine whether the first flying object is a legitimate object, leading to resource consumption. Therefore, when the first sensing information also includes the sensing location information of the first flying object, the first request can also be used to indicate the sensing location information of the first flying object. For the first flying object, after receiving the first request, its sensing location information is compared with its own location information. If the sensing location information of the first flying object is the same as its own location information, it sends a first response to the access network device. Conversely, if other flying objects, excluding the first flying object, have different location information than the sensing location information of the first flying object, they will not send a first response to the access network device, thus avoiding unnecessary responses and power consumption.

[0148] The positioning information can be one of the following: GNSS positioning, GPS positioning, or BeiDou positioning. Sensing positioning information and positioning positioning information are position information obtained through different methods. Both primarily include a timestamp and the position coordinates, velocity, and attitude angles of the flying object, as well as motion state and environmental reference information derived from these data. In this case, the timestamp indicates the time when the corresponding position information was acquired.

[0149] S404: If no first response is received from the first flying object within the first time period, the access network device determines that the first flying object is an illegal flying object. The first response includes the identity information of the first flying object.

[0150] The first time period is the duration from the start point (start time) to the end point (end time). The start point is the time when the access network device sends the first request. When sending the first request, the access network device can simultaneously start a corresponding timer. The timer's duration can be set as needed. The access network device only receives the first response within the timer's duration; that is, when the timer's duration ends, the access network device stops receiving the first response.

[0151] The identity information of the first flight object may include the flight object's own identification information and the identity information of associated personnel. The flight object's own identification information may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: communication signal spectrum characteristics, unique product identifier, model, serial number, takeoff weight, and purpose. The unique product identifier may be an IMSI or a Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity (GUTI). The identity information of associated personnel may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: the owner's ID number, a registered contact number, fingerprint features, voiceprint features, and facial features.

[0152] As can be seen, the embodiments of this application enable access network devices to quickly and accurately identify illegal flying objects, thereby enabling flight management of illegal flying objects and helping to ensure public safety.

[0153] Optionally, the access network device may conduct multiple rounds of queries based on the response to the first request. That is, if the access network device does not receive a response 1 from the first flying object after sending request 1 for a certain period of time, it may send request 2 until a response from the first flying object is obtained in a preset number of queries, or if a response is not obtained after completing a preset number of queries, the first flying object is determined to be an illegal flying object.

[0154] In one possible implementation, if the first flying object is an illegal flying object, the access network device sends an interference signal to the first flying object. Correspondingly, the first flying object receives the interference signal from the access network device. The interference signal is used to prevent the first flying object from continuing to fly at its flight sensing altitude.

[0155] Optionally, the interference signal is on the same frequency as the normal communication signal of the flying object but with a stronger signal strength. The access network equipment sends interference signals in the three frequency bands of 1.5GHz, 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz to interfere with the navigation, data transmission and image transmission links of the UAV. After the UAV receives the interference signal, it is forced to fall directly, return automatically, automatically reduce the flight altitude or hover in the air.

[0156] Optionally, the jamming signal includes erroneous location information, which is disguised as a legitimate satellite signal to send erroneous location information to the UAV. After receiving the jamming signal, the UAV will automatically veer and return to a preset "trap area". The trap area can be pre-positioned with anti-drone net guns, ground net guns, or net-catching cannons. Anti-drone net guns are used to launch specially designed nets to capture drones, while ground net guns or net-catching cannons are used to capture low-altitude targets at close range.

[0157] Upon receiving the interference signal, the first flying object can reduce its flight altitude until its perceived flight altitude falls below a threshold. The ability to interfere with unauthorized flying objects through interference signals helps ensure public safety.

[0158] In one possible implementation, if the first flying object is an illegal flying object, the access network device sends an intercept signal to the first flying object. Correspondingly, the first flying object receives the intercept signal from the access network device. The intercept signal is used to prevent the first flying object from transmitting signals.

[0159] For example, an intercept signal could be generated by a strong magnetic field signal from an access network device, which would hinder the electronic equipment of a flying object from receiving signals.

[0160] Upon receiving the intercept signal, the first flying object ceases signal transmission. The ability to interfere with unauthorized flying objects through signal interception helps ensure public safety.

[0161] Besides using jamming and interception signals, other methods can also be used to restrict the flight of illegal flying objects, which are not specifically limited in this application. For example, flight restriction can be achieved through high-energy directed weapons, such as high-power microwave cannons or laser cannons. High-power microwave cannons are used to interfere with or burn out the internal electronic components of the target, while laser cannons are used to precisely melt down critical parts such as propellers and batteries.

[0162] The above communication method addresses the handling of situations where the access network device does not receive the first response. The following describes the handling of situations where the access network device receives the first response. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 5 This application proposes another communication method in its embodiments. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the communication method includes the following steps:

[0163] S501, the first flying object sends a first reflected signal to the access network device. Correspondingly, the access network device receives the first reflected signal from the first flying object.

[0164] The first reflected signal is used to trigger the access network device to send a first request; the first request is used to request the identity information of the flying object.

[0165] S502, the access network device determines the first sensing information based on the first reflected signal. The first sensing information includes the flight sensing altitude of the first flying object.

[0166] S503, if the perceived flight altitude of the first flying object is greater than an altitude threshold, the access network device sends a first request. Correspondingly, the first flying object receives the first request from the access network device. The first request is used to request the identity information of the flying object.

[0167] The implementation methods of steps S501 to S503 are the same as those of steps S401 to S403. Please refer to the above content for steps S401 to S403, which will not be repeated here.

[0168] S504, upon receiving the first request, the first flight object sends a first response to the access network device. Correspondingly, the access network device receives the first response from the first flight object. The first response includes the identity information of the first flight object and is used to determine whether the first flight object is a legitimate flight object.

[0169] Upon receiving the first request, the first flight object uses its built-in Electronic Certification Authority (CA) certificate to decrypt the session key. The first flight object then uses the decrypted session key to decrypt the first request. Once the first request is decrypted, the first flight object verifies the integrity and authenticity of the confidentialed data. Specifically, this is achieved by checking the timestamp and request source ID in the data to ensure the data has not been tampered with and originates from an authorized access network device. After the data integrity and authenticity verification is successful, the first flight object requires the access network device to perform authentication and permission checks. Authentication primarily verifies the requester's identity, including checking the requester's identity verification documents, such as a photo of an individual's ID card or a business license for an organization. Permission checks, following authentication, require the first flight object to verify whether the requester has the authority to perform specific operations. Permission checks include checking the requester's user type, such as an individual, organization, or government department, and providing different unlocking content and requirements based on different identity types.

[0170] After authentication and authorization checks, the first flight object can query its identity information based on the request type, generate a first response using the first flight object's identity information and timestamp, and then encrypt the first response using the same session key. This ensures the security of communication between the first flight object and the access network device. The timestamp carried in the first response may simply indicate which request the first response is for. The first flight object then sends the encrypted first response to the access network device, which receives the first response from the first flight object, completing the entire communication process.

[0171] Optionally, after receiving the first response from the first flying object, the access network device can also monitor the target's flight status by combining the trajectory, behavior pattern, and flight area of ​​the first flying object, thereby achieving continuous perception of the first flying object.

[0172] S505, upon receiving the first response, the access network device sends an authentication request to the first network element. Correspondingly, the first network element receives the authentication request from the access network device. The authentication request includes the identity information of the first flying object.

[0173] The first network element can be an NWDAF. Upon receiving an authentication request, the first network element can authenticate the first flying object based on its identity information and execute step S506.

[0174] S506, the first network element sends authentication response information to the access network device. Correspondingly, the access network device receives the authentication response information from the first network element. The authentication response information indicates whether the terminal device has passed authentication.

[0175] S507: If the authentication response information indicates that the first flight target has failed identity authentication, the access network device determines that the first flight target is an illegal flight target.

[0176] When the authentication response information indicates that the first flight target has failed identity authentication, the access network device determines that the first flight target is an illegal flight target.

[0177] As can be seen in this example, after the flying object responds with its identity information, the access network device can request NWDAF to authenticate the first flying object. If the authentication fails, it is determined to be an illegal flying object.

[0178] This application provides a communication device that can be used to implement the functions of the aforementioned terminal device or network device. The communication device can be a terminal device or a network device. The communication device includes units corresponding one-to-one with the methods / operations / steps / actions performed by the terminal device or network device in the above method embodiments. These units can be hardware circuits, software, or a combination of hardware circuits and software. Please refer to... Figure 6 , Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a communication device 600 according to an embodiment of this application is shown. The communication device 600 may include a communication module 601 and a processing module 602. Optionally, the communication module 601 may also be referred to as a communication interface or a transceiver module. Specifically, the processing module 602 is used to process signaling and / or data, which may be data received by the communication module 601, and the processed signaling and / or data may also be sent by the communication module 601.

[0179] In one embodiment, when the communication device 600 is an access network device, wherein:

[0180] Communication module 601 is used to receive a first reflected signal from a first flying object;

[0181] Processing module 602 is used to determine first sensing information based on the first reflected signal; the first sensing information includes the flight sensing altitude of the first flying object;

[0182] The communication module 601 is also configured to send a first request when the flight perception altitude of the first flight object is greater than an altitude threshold, wherein the first request is used to request the identity information of the flight object;

[0183] The processing module 602 is further configured to determine that the first flying object is an illegal flying object if no first response is received from the first flying object within a first time period, wherein the first response includes the identity information of the first flying object.

[0184] Optionally, the communication module 601 is further configured to send authentication request information to the first network element upon receiving the first response, wherein the authentication request information includes the identity information of the first flying object;

[0185] The communication module 601 is also used to receive authentication response information from the first network element;

[0186] The processing module 602 is further configured to determine that the first flight object is an illegal flight object when the authentication response information indicates that the first flight object has failed identity authentication.

[0187] Optionally, the first sensing information further includes the sensing location information of the first flying object. The processing module 602 is further configured to determine a first beam from at least one air-to-ground beam based on the sensing location information of the first flying object. The communication module 601 is further configured to send a first request to the first flying object through the first beam.

[0188] Optionally, the first request is used to request the identity information of the flight object within the first paging group, and the first request includes the group identifier of the first paging group.

[0189] Optionally, the first sensing information may also include the sensing location information of the first flying object, and the first request may further be used to indicate the sensing location information of the first flying object.

[0190] Optionally, the communication module 601 is further configured to send an interference signal and / or an interception signal to the first flying object when the first flying object is an illegal flying object; the interference signal is used to prevent the first flying object from continuing to fly at the flight perception altitude of the first flying object, and the interception signal is used to prevent the first flying object from transmitting signals.

[0191] For specific implementation details of the communication module 601 and processing module 602 described above, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 or Figure 5 The specific implementation steps of the access network device in the illustrated embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0192] In yet another embodiment, when the communication device 600 is the first flight target, wherein:

[0193] The communication module 601 is configured to send a first reflected signal to the access network device, the first reflected signal being used to trigger the access network device to send a first request; the first request being used to request the identity information of the flying object; and upon receiving the first request, sending a first response to the access network device, the first response including the identity information of the first flying object, the first response being used to determine whether the first flying object is a legitimate flying object.

[0194] Optionally, the first request is used to request the identity information of the flight object within the first paging group, and the first request includes the group identifier of the first paging group; the communication module 601 is further used to send a first response to the access network device when it receives the first request and the paging group identifier corresponding to the first flight object is the same as the group identifier of the first paging group.

[0195] Optionally, the first request is further configured to indicate the perceived location information of the first flying object; the communication module 601 is further configured to send a first response to the access network device when it receives the first request and the perceived location information of the first flying object is the same as the positioning location information of the first flying object.

[0196] Optionally, the communication module 601 is further configured to receive interference signals and / or interception signals from the access network device; the processing module 602 is configured to reduce flight altitude in response to the interference signals; and to stop transmitting signals in response to the interception signals.

[0197] For specific implementation details of the communication module 601 and processing module 602 described above, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 or Figure 5 The specific implementation steps of the network device in the illustrated embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0198] Please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device 700 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 The communication device 700 shown is used to implement the functions of the aforementioned terminal device or network device. This device can be a communication device or a device used within a communication device. The communication device can be a terminal device or a network device. The device used within the communication device can be a chip system or a chip within the communication device. The chip system can be composed of chips or can include chips and other discrete components.

[0199] The communication device 700 includes at least one processor 710 for implementing the processing functions of the device (e.g., a terminal device or a network device) in the methods provided in this application embodiment. The communication device 700 may also include a communication interface 720 for implementing the transmit and receive operations of the device (e.g., a terminal device or a network device) in the methods provided in this application embodiment. In this application embodiment, the communication interface may be a transceiver, circuit, bus, module, or other type of communication interface for communicating with other devices via a transmission medium. For example, the communication interface 720 is used for the device in the communication device 700 to communicate with other devices. The processor 710 uses the communication interface 720 to transmit and receive data and is used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments.

[0200] The communication device 700 may further include at least one memory 730 for storing program instructions and / or data. The memory 730 is coupled to the processor 710. The coupling in this embodiment is an indirect coupling or communication connection between devices, units, or modules, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms, for information exchange between devices, units, or modules. The processor 710 may operate in conjunction with the memory 730. The processor 710 may execute program instructions stored in the memory 730. One or more memories may be included in the processor.

[0201] This application embodiment does not limit the specific connection medium between the communication interface 720, processor 710, and memory 730. This application embodiment... Figure 7 The memory 730, processor 710, and communication interface 720 are connected via a bus, and the bus is in... Figure 7 The connections between other components are shown in bold and are for illustrative purposes only, not as limiting information. The bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, Figure 7 The bus is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0202] When the communication device 700 is specifically a device for use in an equipment (such as a terminal device or a network device), for example, when the communication device 700 is specifically a chip or chip system, the communication interface 720 may output or receive baseband signals. When the communication device 700 is specifically a device (such as a terminal device or a network device), the communication interface 720 may output or receive radio frequency signals. In the embodiments of this application, the processor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field-programmable gate array or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component, which can implement or execute the various methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly manifested as being executed by a hardware processor, or being executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.

[0203] When the aforementioned communication device 700 is a module applied to a base station, the base station module implements the functions of the base station in the above method embodiments. The base station module receives information from other modules (such as radio frequency modules or antennas) in the base station, information sent by the terminal to the base station; or, the base station module sends information to other modules (such as radio frequency modules or antennas) in the base station, information sent by the base station to the terminal. Here, the base station module can be a baseband chip of the base station, or a CU, DU, or other module, or a device under an open access network architecture, such as an open CU, open DU, etc.

[0204] It should be noted that the aforementioned communication interface 720 can be used to perform the functions of the aforementioned communication module 601, and the aforementioned processor 710 can be used to perform the functions of the aforementioned processing module 602, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0205] When the aforementioned communication device is a chip applied to a terminal device, the chip implements the functions of the terminal device in the above method embodiments, and the chip receives information from other devices; or, the chip sends information to other devices.

[0206] When the aforementioned communication device is a chip used in a network device, the chip implements the functions of the network device in the above method embodiments. The chip receives information from other devices; or, the chip sends information to other devices.

[0207] It is understood that the processor in the embodiments of this application can be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0208] The method steps in the embodiments of this application can be implemented in hardware or by a processor executing software instructions. The software instructions can consist of corresponding software modules, which can be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, portable hard disks, compact disc-ROMs (CD-ROMs), or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. Furthermore, the ASIC can reside in a core network element or a terminal device. Alternatively, the processor and storage medium can exist as discrete components in a terminal or access network device.

[0209] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are performed entirely or partially. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer program or instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted through the computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, hard disk, or magnetic tape; it can also be an optical medium, such as a digital video disk (DVD); or it can be a semiconductor medium, such as a solid-state drive (SSD).

[0210] In the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terminology and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. Technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0211] It is understood that the various numerical designations used in the embodiments of this application are merely for descriptive convenience and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. The order of the process numbers described above does not imply the order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic.

[0212] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions. When the computer-executable instructions are executed, the method executed by the terminal device or network device in the above method embodiments is implemented.

[0213] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed, causes the method executed by the terminal device or network device in the above method embodiments to be implemented.

[0214] This application also provides a communication system, which includes a terminal device and a network device. Each device is used to execute the methods described in the above method embodiments.

[0215] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to this application.

[0216] The descriptions of the various embodiments provided in this application can be referenced mutually. Each embodiment has its own emphasis, and parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment can be referred to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments. For the sake of convenience and brevity, for example, the functions and execution steps of the various devices and equipment provided in the embodiments of this application can be referred to the relevant descriptions of the method embodiments of this application. The method embodiments and the device embodiments can also be referenced, combined or cited from each other.

[0217] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, Applied to access network equipment, the method includes: Receive the first reflected signal from the first flying object; Based on the first reflected signal, first sensing information is determined; the first sensing information includes the flight sensing altitude of the first flying object and the sensing position information of the first flying object. If the perceived altitude of the first flying object is greater than an altitude threshold, a first request is sent. The first request is used to request the identity information of the flying object. The first request is also used to indicate the perceived location information of the first flying object. If no first response is received from the first flying object within the first time period, the first flying object is determined to be an illegal flying object, and the first response includes the identity information of the first flying object.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Upon receiving the first response, an authentication request message is sent to the first network element, the authentication request message including the identity information of the first flying object; Receive authentication response information from the first network element; If the authentication response information indicates that the first flight object has failed identity authentication, the first flight object is determined to be an illegal flight object.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first sensing information also includes the sensing location information of the first flying object, and sending the first request includes: Based on the perceived position information of the first flying object, the first beam is determined from at least one air-to-ground beam; A first request is sent to the first flying object via the first beam.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first request is used to request the identity information of the flight object within the first paging group, and the first request includes the group identifier of the first paging group.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The method further includes: If the first flying object is an illegal flying object, an interference signal and / or an interception signal are sent to the first flying object; the interference signal is used to prevent the first flying object from continuing to fly at the flight perception altitude of the first flying object, and the interception signal is used to prevent the first flying object from transmitting signals.

6. A communication method, characterized in that, Applied to a first flying object, the method includes: A first reflected signal is sent to the access network device, the first reflected signal being used to trigger the access network device to send a first request; the first request is used to request the identity information of the flying object; the first request is also used to indicate the perceived location information of the first flying object. Upon receiving the first request and finding that the perceived location information of the first flying object is the same as the location information of the first flying object, a first response is sent to the access network device. The first response includes the identity information of the first flying object and is used to determine whether the first flying object is a legitimate flying object.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first request is used to request the identity information of a flight object within a first paging group, and the first request includes the group identifier of the first paging group; the method further includes: Upon receiving the first request and if the paging group identifier corresponding to the first flight object is the same as the group identifier of the first paging group, a first response is sent to the access network device.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive interference signals and / or interception signals from the access network equipment; In response to the interference signal, the flight altitude was reduced; In response to the interception signal, signal transmission is stopped.

9. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes a module for performing the method as described in any one of claims 1-5, or a module for performing the method as described in any one of claims 6-8.

10. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes at least one processor coupled to a memory storing a program or instructions, the processor executing the program or instructions to cause the communication device to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, or the method as claimed in any one of claims 6-8.

11. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program or instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program or instructions are executed, they cause the communication device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-5, or the method as described in any one of claims 6-8.

12. A computer program product, characterized in that, It includes computer program code, which, when run on a communication device, implements the method as described in any one of claims 1-5, or the method as described in any one of claims 6-8.

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