Inspection tester for visual functions of two eyes

Abstract

The invention provides a binocular visual function inspection tester applied to the field of visual function inspection. The binocular visual function inspection tester comprises a cover-shaped shell, a detection mechanism and a manual reinspection mechanism, wherein the detection mechanism and the manual reinspection mechanism are arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the cover-shaped shell; an infrared emission mechanism, a prismatic lens, an ink display screen and a projection interlayer are sequentially arranged on the detection mechanism in the eye sight line direction. The infrared emission mechanism comprises an infrared light source and a collimating lens; a pixel electrode and a common electrode are respectively arranged on two sides of the ink display screen; one side of the pixel electrode is connected with a photoresistor; and a refraction prism and a cursor projection unit are arranged in the projection interlayer. The auxiliary cursor is generated through the cursor projection unit to guide the eye of the subject to look up, and unconscious rotation errors of eyeballs are reduced; the infrared light source is matched with the photoresistors, the pupil distance and the height difference are measured and calculated according to the principle that pupils do not reflect infrared rays and the resistance difference of each row and each column in the array photoresistors, the eye health problem can be indirectly reflected, operation convenience is high, and the device is suitable for application and popularization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of visual function testing, and in particular to a binocular visual function testing instrument. Background Technology

[0002] In clinical ophthalmology and optometry, binocular vision function testing and the calculation of pupillary distance and pupillary height differences serve as fundamental indicators, directly impacting the accuracy of refractive correction and visual function assessment. However, the technological limitations of currently used testing equipment significantly restrict the effectiveness of clinical applications. In traditional testing methods, manual ruler readings, such as manual pupillometers, require the subject's continuous cooperation. Children, the elderly, or people with abnormal eye function often have insufficient self-control and make slight eye movements, which leads to reading errors in pupillary distance measurement. This can cause the optical center of the glasses to be misaligned with the pupil, resulting in discomfort such as double vision and eye strain after wearing the glasses.

[0003] Although some electronic testing equipment attempts to reduce human intervention, it still requires the cooperation of the examinee for a long time, and the equipment cost is high and the testing efficiency is low.

[0004] Therefore, a binocular vision function testing instrument is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to improve the convenience and efficiency of visual function examination. Compared with the prior art, it provides a binocular visual function examination instrument, including a dome-shaped housing, a manual re-examination mechanism disposed on the outside of the dome-shaped housing, and a detection mechanism disposed on the inside of the dome-shaped housing. The detection mechanism is arranged in two sets and symmetrically disposed on the inside of the dome-shaped housing, with the two sets of detection mechanisms corresponding to the two eyes of the examinee respectively. The detection mechanism includes an infrared emitting mechanism, a prism sheet, an ink display screen, and a projection interlayer arranged in sequence along the line of sight of the eyes. The infrared emitting mechanism includes an infrared light source and a collimating lens that are positioned above the subject's eyes and have an adjustable angle. The collimating lens is fixed to the output end of the infrared light source. The ink display screen has a plurality of pixel electrodes evenly spaced and arrayed on the side closer to the eye, and a common electrode on the side away from the eye. A transparent sac is provided between the common electrode and the pixel electrodes, and pigment sac one and pigment sac two are encapsulated inside the transparent sac. A photoresistor is electrically connected to the side of the pixel electrode away from the common electrode, and the number of photoresistors corresponds one-to-one with the number of pixel electrodes. The projection interlayer is equipped with a refractive prism, and a cursor projection unit that cooperates with the refractive prism is fixed on one side of the cover-shaped shell.

[0006] Furthermore, the pixel electrodes are divided into column pixels and row pixels. Multiple photoresistors on each column pixel and multiple photoresistors on each row pixel are connected in parallel individually through power supply lines. Multiple column power supply lines and multiple row power supply lines are electrically connected to multiple ADCs. The output terminals of both sets of multiple ADCs are connected to MCUs.

[0007] Furthermore, the transparent balloon is filled with a transparent base liquid, the pigment balloon one is filled with positively charged black ink, and the pigment balloon two is filled with negatively charged white ink. The ink density in the pigment balloon one and pigment balloon two is greater than the density of the transparent base liquid in the transparent balloon. The common electrode is connected to a negative voltage, and the pixel electrode is connected to a positive voltage.

[0008] Furthermore, the dimensions of adjacent pixel electrodes and photoresistors are all 0.25*0.25mm.

[0009] Furthermore, the infrared light source is angle-adjusted via a driving mechanism, and the control chip of the driving mechanism is electrically connected to the MCU.

[0010] Furthermore, an electrochromic film is fixed to the side of the projection interlayer away from the ink display screen. The electrochromic film is used to shield the external light of the cover-shaped housing when energized.

[0011] Furthermore, a wearing mechanism is provided on one side of the mask-shaped shell. The wearing mechanism includes a negative pressure cover fixed to the mask-shaped shell near the subject's face. A pressure relief switch is fixed on the negative pressure cover. The negative pressure cover has a nasal groove near the subject's nose bridge. A light-shielding support is fixed on the top of the nasal groove of the mask-shaped shell. The cover-shaped housing is also equipped with a control switch and a forehead support.

[0012] Furthermore, the side of the mask-shaped shell away from the examinee's face is also provided with a height gauge and a spacing gauge, and the mask-shaped shell is also slidably connected with a spacing marker that cooperates with the spacing gauge and a height marker that cooperates with the height gauge.

[0013] Furthermore, the side of the mask-shaped shell away from the subject's face is also provided with a pointer display. The pointer display has an L-shaped structure, and two sets of the pointer displays are symmetrically arranged between the spacing ruler and the height ruler. The signal input terminal of the pointer display is electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the MCU.

[0014] Compared to existing technologies, the advantages of this application are: This application uses a cursor projection unit to generate an auxiliary cursor to guide the examinee's gaze to look straight ahead, reducing errors caused by unconscious eye movements. The infrared light source works in conjunction with a photoresistor, utilizing the principle that the pupil does not reflect infrared light. By using the resistance difference between each row and column of the array of photoresistors, the interpupillary distance and height difference can be calculated, which can indirectly reflect eye health problems. It is highly convenient to operate and suitable for widespread application. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the front structural domain of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of this application; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of this application; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram of section A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the path of infrared light and cursor projection proposed in this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ink display screen proposed in this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the photoresistor and pixel electrode proposed in this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of column-oriented pixels and row-oriented pixels as proposed in this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the display states of the pointer display and the ink display screen proposed in this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the calibration status of the manual re-inspection agency proposed in this application.

[0016] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 1. Cover housing; 11. Forehead support; 2. Control switch; 3. Manual inspection mechanism; 31. Spacing marker; 32. Height marker; 33. Spacing ruler; 34. Height ruler; 4. Wearing mechanism; 41. Negative pressure cover; 411. Nose recess; 42. Pressure release switch; 43. Light-shielding support; 5. Infrared emitting mechanism; 51. Infrared light source; 52. Collimating lens; 6. Prism sheet; 7. Ink display screen; 71. Common electrode; 72. Pixel electrode; 721. Column pixel; 722. Row pixel; 73. Photoresistor; 74. Transparent balloon; 741. Pigment balloon one; 742. Pigment balloon two; 701. Power supply line; 702. Multi-channel ADC; 703. MCU; 8. Projection interlayer; 81. Refractive prism; 82. Cursor projection unit; 9. Electrochromic film; 10. Pointer display. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The embodiments will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] Example: This invention provides a binocular vision function testing instrument; please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 - Figure 10 It includes a cover-shaped shell 1, with a manual re-inspection mechanism 3 on the outside of the cover-shaped shell 1 and two sets of detection mechanisms symmetrically arranged on the inside. The two sets of detection mechanisms correspond to the eyes of the examinee to ensure that the eyes can be detected simultaneously. Please refer to this first. Figure 3 - Figure 5 The testing facility consists of, in sequence along the line of sight, an infrared emitting mechanism 5, a prism sheet 6, an ink display screen 7, and a projection interlayer 8. Please refer to this first. Figure 5 The infrared emitting mechanism 5 includes an infrared light source 51 and a collimating lens 52. The infrared light source 51 is connected to the inside of the housing 1 through a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism can adjust the emission angle of the infrared light source 51. The collimating lens 52 is fixed to the output end of the infrared light source 51 and is used to convert the divergent light emitted by the infrared light source 51 into a parallel beam. It should be noted that the infrared light source 51 is positioned above the subject's eyes.

[0019] More specifically, the infrared emitting mechanism 5 uses near-infrared light with a wavelength of 850nm. Because infrared light of this wavelength is highly safe for the human eye and will not cause damage to eye tissues; at the same time, infrared light with a wavelength of 850nm has stable reflection characteristics on the corneal surface, which can form clear reflected light, making it easy for the prism sheet 6 to refract and guide and for the photoresistor 73 to capture; the original light emitted by the infrared light source 51 is in a divergent state, which can be refracted and sorted by the collimating lens 52 to improve the parallelism of the light and form a parallel beam. The parallel beam can ensure that the position of the light projected onto the cornea is stable and avoid the deviation of the reflected light due to beam divergence, thereby ensuring the accuracy of subsequent signal acquisition.

[0020] The infrared light source 51 emits an angle that can be adjusted within ±30° in the pitch direction by the drive mechanism. In this embodiment, the drive mechanism adopts a micro servo motor SG90, and the adjustment function is controlled in real time by MCU703. It can be adjusted in a timely manner according to the subject's eye position and corneal reflection signal intensity to ensure that the infrared light is effectively projected onto the effective area of ​​the cornea and adapt to the facial contours of different subjects and positional changes during the detection process. The prism sheet 6 is made of transparent PET substrate and has a microprism array on its surface. The position of the prism sheet 6 corresponds to the optical path output end of the infrared emitting mechanism 5 and is used to refract the infrared light reflected by the cornea to a specified direction. Please refer to this first. Figure 6 - Figure 8 The ink display screen 7 has a plurality of pixel electrodes 72 evenly spaced in an array on the side closer to the eyes, and a common electrode 71 on the side farther from the eyes. A transparent sac 74 is disposed between the pixel electrodes 72 and the common electrode 71. The transparent sac 74 is filled with a transparent base liquid and encapsulates pigment sac one 741 and pigment sac two 742. Pigment sac one 741 is filled with positively charged black ink, and pigment sac two 742 is filled with negatively charged white ink. The density of the ink in pigment sac one 741 and pigment sac two 742 is greater than the density of the transparent base liquid. A photoresistor 73 is electrically connected to the side of the pixel electrode 72 away from the common electrode 71. The number of photoresistors 73 corresponds one-to-one with the number of pixel electrodes 72, and the size of both the pixel electrode 72 and the photoresistor 73 is 0.25×0.25mm. This keeps the spacing between adjacent pixel electrodes 72 at 0.5mm. On the one hand, this keeps the measurement accuracy of the multi-channel ADC 702 at 0.5mm, which meets the minimum unit value for interpupillary distance testing, i.e., 0.5mm as a unit of measurement. On the other hand, it increases the size of the pixel electrode 72 and the photoresistor 73, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost.

[0021] It should be noted that the pixel electrode 72 and the common electrode 71 of the ink display screen 7 are both ITO transparent conductive films. The common electrode 71 is connected to a negative voltage, and the pixel electrode 72 is connected to a positive voltage. The transparent sphere 74 is made of silicone. The pigment spheres 741 and 742 are nanoscale resin spheres. The photoresistor 73 is an 850nm infrared sensitive resistor, model PT850.

[0022] Please refer to this first. Figure 5 A refractive prism 81 is installed inside the projection interlayer 8. A cursor projection unit 82 that cooperates with the refractive prism 81 is fixed on one side of the dome housing 1. It can project an auxiliary cursor into the examinee's field of vision through the refractive prism 81. When the examinee looks at the auxiliary cursor, the interpupillary distance between the two eyes can be kept at a normal state during the test. An electrochromic film 9 is fixed on the side of the projection interlayer 8 away from the ink display screen 7. The electrochromic film 9 is used to shield the external light of the dome housing 1 under the condition of power supply. When the photoresistor 73 has finished sampling, the electrochromic film 9 can be de-energized and cooperate with the manual re-inspection mechanism 3 for manual re-inspection. Furthermore, the electrochromic film 9 is a WO3-based electrochromic material, which changes from transparent to dark gray after being energized.

[0023] Please refer to this first. Figure 7 - Figure 8The pixel electrode 72 is divided into column pixels 721 and row pixels 722. Multiple photoresistors 73 on each column pixel 721 and multiple photoresistors 73 on each row pixel 722 are connected in parallel through power supply lines 701. Multiple column power supply lines 701 and multiple row power supply lines 701 are electrically connected to multiple ADCs 702. The output terminals of the two sets of multiple ADCs 702 are connected to MCUs 703. The control chip of the drive mechanism is electrically connected to MCUs 703. The angle of the infrared light source 51 can be adjusted in real time by MCUs 703.

[0024] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the preferred model of MCU703 is STM32F103. It analyzes and processes the acquired data input by multiple ADC702 inputs. The operation logic of this model of MCU703 is based on the ARM Cortex-M3 core. Its operation logic core is dominated by the arithmetic logic unit, which, together with the register group, instruction decoder and related peripheral interfaces, realizes efficient digital operation and logic control. The specific operation logic is existing technology and will not be described in detail in this technical solution.

[0025] Furthermore, the multi-channel ADC702 is model ADS1278. The pixel electrode 72 is divided into column pixels 721 and row pixels 722. The two sets of multi-channel ADC702 are connected to the photoresistors 73 on the column pixels 721 and the photoresistors 73 on the row pixels 722 through the power supply line 701 to monitor the changes in the value of the photoresistors 73 on each row and each column, and then transmit the signal to the MCU703 for processing.

[0026] Please refer to this first. Figure 1 and Figure 2 A wearing mechanism 4 is provided on one side of the mask-shaped shell 1. The wearing mechanism 4 includes a negative pressure mask 41 fixed to the mask-shaped shell 1 near the face of the examinee. A pressure relief switch 42 is provided on the negative pressure mask 41. A nose groove 411 is provided near the bridge of the nose of the examinee. The negative pressure mask 41 is made of silicone. The nose groove 411 is adapted to the nose shape of adults or children. The pressure relief switch 42 can release excess negative pressure. The cover-shaped housing 1 has a light-shielding support 43 at the top of the nose groove 411. The light-shielding support 43 prevents the infrared rays emitted by the infrared emitting mechanisms 5 on both sides from interfering with each other, reducing detection interference. The cover-shaped housing 1 is also equipped with a control switch 2 and a forehead support 11 to ensure stable wearing.

[0027] Please refer to this first. Figure 1The manual re-inspection mechanism 3 includes a height ruler 34 and a spacing ruler 33 disposed on the side of the mask housing 1 away from the face, and a spacing marker 31 and a height marker 32 slidably connected to the mask housing 1; an L-shaped pointer display 10 is also disposed on this side of the mask housing 1. The pointer display 10 is an LED digital tube. Two sets of pointer displays 10 are symmetrically disposed between the spacing ruler 33 and the height ruler 34. The signal input terminal of the pointer display 10 is electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the MCU703 for real-time display of detection parameters.

[0028] During use, the examinee can fit their face against the negative pressure mask 41 and position it through the nose groove 411 and the forehead support 11. Pressing the negative pressure mask 41 will expel air and achieve negative pressure fixation. After positioning is completed, press the control switch 2, the MCU703 will start the device, the electrochromic film 9 will be powered on to block light, and the infrared emitting mechanism 5 and the cursor projection unit 82 will be initialized. During the initialization phase, the cursor projected by the cursor projection unit 82 guides the subject's gaze to maintain a normal level gaze. At this time, the MCU703 controls the drive mechanism to adjust the infrared light source 51 step by step at equal angles. During the adjustment process, the infrared light is converted into a parallel beam by the collimating lens 52 and projected onto the subject's cornea. The corneal reflected light is refracted by the prism sheet 6 and received by the photoresistor 73. Two sets of multi-channel ADCs 702 monitor the resistance change of the photoresistor 73 at each angle. When the total resistance is the minimum, that is, the infrared light reflected from the subject's eye tends to be parallel to the ground, the MCU703 determines the optimal incident angle of the infrared light source 51 through the signal feedback of the ADC702 and fixes the incident angle. At this time, the ink display screen 7 starts to work. The MCU 703 controls the common electrode 71 and the power supply line 701 to be powered on. When the 850nm infrared light emitted by the infrared emitting mechanism 5 is projected onto the eye, since the cornea is a transparent refractive medium with a smooth anterior surface and a certain curvature, the reflection of parallel infrared light conforms to the law of specular reflection. The intensity and direction of the reflected light are stable. The anterior surface of the cornea will reflect infrared light like a mirror, forming a stable reflection path. The pupil is the light-transmitting hole in the center of the iris and has no reflective ability. Infrared light will pass through the pupil and enter the eye, and be absorbed or scattered by tissues such as the retina. It will not form an effective reflected light. The infrared light reflected by the combined reflection is refracted in parallel by the prism sheet 6 and captured by the corresponding photoresistor 73.

[0029] At this time, the resistance of the photoresistor 73 exposed to infrared light decreases, while the resistance of the photoresistor 73 in the pupil area where no light is reflected remains unchanged. At the same time, the photoresistors 73 in this area where no infrared light enters are arranged in a circular pattern similar to the pupil. The ADC702 can detect the row or column with the largest resistance of each row and column of photoresistors 73 at this time, that is, the row or column that passes through the center of the pupil. The ADC702 feeds back this row or column to the MCU703, which can calculate the pupil distance or pupil height difference based on the row spacing or column spacing, and display it on the pointer display 10 through the MCU703 for real-time reading. Similarly, when the photoresistor 73 is not exposed to infrared light, the corresponding pixel electrode 72 is not energized, while the other pixel electrodes 72 exposed to infrared light are energized. This causes the transparent sac 74 corresponding to the pupil to produce a black-and-white difference with the other transparent sacs 74, which can copy the normal interpupillary distance of the examinee when looking directly at the cursor projection unit 82 onto the ink display screen 7. At this time, the electrochromic film 9 is de-energized and returns to transparency. The examinee releases the negative pressure through the pressure relief switch 42 and removes the device. The doctor can then observe the interpupillary distance status displayed on the ink display screen 7 in conjunction with the height ruler 34 and the spacing ruler 33, and manually re-examine and calibrate the results of the pointer display 10.

[0030] This application uses the cursor projection unit 82 to generate an auxiliary cursor to guide the examinee's line of sight to look straight ahead, reducing the error caused by unconscious eye movement; the infrared light source 51 works in conjunction with the photoresistor 73, taking advantage of the principle that the pupil does not reflect infrared light, and using the resistance difference of each row and column in the array of photoresistors 73 to calculate the pupillary distance and height difference, which can indirectly reflect eye health problems. It is highly convenient to operate and suitable for widespread application.

[0031] The above description is only the best implementation method adopted in this application in combination with current practical needs, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto.

Claims

1. A binocular vision function testing instrument, comprising a dome-shaped housing (1), a manual re-examination mechanism (3) disposed on the outside of the dome-shaped housing (1), and a testing mechanism disposed on the inside of the dome-shaped housing (1), characterized in that, The detection mechanism consists of two sets symmetrically arranged inside the cover-shaped shell (1), with each set corresponding to the subject's eyes. The detection mechanism includes an infrared emitting mechanism (5), a prism sheet (6), an ink display screen (7), and a projection interlayer (8) arranged sequentially along the eye's line of sight. The infrared emitting mechanism (5) includes an infrared light source (51) and a collimating lens (52) disposed above the subject's eyes and with an adjustable angle. The collimating lens (52) is fixed to the output end of the infrared light source (51). The ink display screen (7) has a plurality of pixel electrodes (72) evenly spaced on the side near the eye. The ink display screen (7) has a common electrode (71) on the side away from the eye. A transparent sac (74) is provided between the common electrode (71) and the pixel electrodes (72). The transparent sac (74) contains pigment sac one (741) and pigment sac two (742). A photoresistor (73) is electrically connected to the side of the pixel electrode (72) away from the common electrode (71). The number of photoresistors (73) corresponds one-to-one with the number of pixel electrodes (72). The projection interlayer (8) is provided with a refractive prism (81), and a cursor projection unit (82) that cooperates with the refractive prism (81) is fixed on one side of the cover-shaped housing (1).

2. The binocular vision function testing instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pixel electrode (72) is divided into column pixels (721) and row pixels (722). Multiple photoresistors (73) on each column pixel (721) and multiple photoresistors (73) on each row pixel (722) are connected in parallel separately through power supply lines (701). Multiple column power supply lines (701) and multiple row power supply lines (701) are electrically connected to multiple ADCs (702). The output terminals of the two sets of multiple ADCs (702) are connected to MCUs (703).

3. The binocular vision function testing instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent balloon (74) is filled with a transparent base liquid, the pigment balloon one (741) is filled with positively charged black ink, and the pigment balloon two (742) is filled with negatively charged white ink. The ink density in the pigment balloon one (741) and the pigment balloon two (742) is greater than the density of the transparent base liquid in the transparent balloon (74). The common electrode (71) is connected to a negative voltage, and the pixel electrode (72) is connected to a positive voltage.

4. The binocular vision function testing instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dimensions of the adjacent pixel electrode (72) and photoresistor (73) are both 0.25*0.25mm.

5. A binocular vision function testing instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that, The infrared light source (51) is angle-adjusted by a drive mechanism, and the control chip of the drive mechanism is electrically connected to the MCU (703).

6. A binocular vision function testing instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, An electrochromic film (9) is also fixed on the side of the projection interlayer (8) away from the ink display screen (7). The electrochromic film (9) is used to shield the external light of the cover-type housing (1) under energized conditions.

7. A binocular vision function testing instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mask-shaped housing (1) is also provided with a wearing mechanism (4) on one side. The wearing mechanism (4) includes a negative pressure mask (41) fixed to the mask-shaped housing (1) near the face of the examinee. A pressure relief switch (42) is fixed on the negative pressure mask (41). The negative pressure mask (41) is provided with a nose groove (411) near the bridge of the nose of the examinee. A light-shielding support (43) is fixed on the top of the nose groove (411) of the mask-shaped housing (1). The cover-shaped housing (1) is also provided with a control switch (2) and a forehead support (11).

8. A binocular vision function testing instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mask-shaped housing (1) is also provided with a height ruler (34) and a spacing ruler (33) on the side away from the examinee's face. The mask-shaped housing (1) is also slidably connected with a spacing rod (31) that cooperates with the spacing ruler (33) and a height rod (32) that cooperates with the height ruler (34).

9. A binocular vision function testing instrument according to claim 8, characterized in that, The cover-shaped housing (1) is also provided with a pointer display (10) on the side away from the examinee's face. The pointer display (10) has an L-shaped structure, and two sets of pointer displays (10) are symmetrically arranged between the spacing ruler (33) and the height ruler (34). The signal input terminal of the pointer display (10) is electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the MCU (703).

Images