An unmanned aerial vehicle biodiversity monitoring device

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of biological monitoring equipment and discloses a drone-based biodiversity monitoring device, comprising: a drone body with a first slide rail; a camera assembly rotatably mounted on the drone body; a support block slidably mounted on the first slide rail, the support block having a second slide rail parallel to the lens of the camera assembly; and a cleaning plate slidably mounted on the second slide rail, the cleaning plate being located between the support block and the camera assembly. The cleaning plate moves to a position where it contacts the lens of the camera assembly by sliding along the first slide rail with the support block. This invention removes foreign matter adhering to the lens surface by moving the cleaning plate parallel to the lens, thereby maintaining the clarity of the camera image; by arranging the cleaning assembly independently of the camera structure, the camera becomes more flexible and stable when switching viewing angles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of biological monitoring equipment, and in particular to a biodiversity monitoring device for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Background Technology

[0002] Biodiversity is the result of approximately 3.8 billion years of evolution on Earth, evolving from the earliest single-celled organisms to the diverse forms of life distributed across land, sea, and air today. Together, they form the core foundation supporting the stability of human society and ecosystems. Biodiversity typically encompasses three levels: species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity. Species diversity reflects the richness of biological species, while ecosystem diversity covers various ecosystem types such as forests, grasslands, wetlands, and oceans. These systems interact and collectively maintain the Earth's ecological balance. With the expansion of human activities and the intensification of environmental changes, biodiversity conservation has become one of the important tasks of global ecological governance. To achieve real-time monitoring of nature reserves, wetland ecosystems, or wildlife habitats, ground-based monitoring devices or drone monitoring systems are commonly used. Ground-based monitoring devices typically collect image data using fixed camera equipment. However, in areas with frequent wildlife activity, these devices may be damaged by curious contact or collisions with large animals, thus preventing continuous monitoring.

[0003] With the maturation of drone technology, drone-based biodiversity monitoring devices are increasingly being used for aerial surveillance of the ecological environment and wildlife. Drones possess advantages such as high mobility, wide coverage, and flexible deployment, enabling large-scale, non-contact dynamic monitoring in complex terrain conditions. However, during long-term field operations, the cameras of drone biodiversity monitoring devices are susceptible to contaminants such as dust, bird droppings, and insect secretions, causing foreign objects to adhere to the lens surface, resulting in blurry photos or videos, reduced image clarity, and decreased data reliability.

[0004] In existing technologies, some drone-based biodiversity monitoring devices remove dust or dirt adhering to the lens surface by incorporating cleaning components, such as wiping mechanisms or miniature spraying mechanisms, onto the camera and using a power module to drive these components. However, such structures often place the cleaning mechanism directly above or around the camera, which not only complicates the camera structure and increases its weight but also affects the camera's balance and flexibility when performing turning or zooming maneuvers. This results in poor camera rotation stability and slow response when the drone switches perspectives during monitoring tasks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to address the issues of poor camera rotation stability and slow response in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) biodiversity monitoring devices.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides a drone biodiversity monitoring device, comprising: a drone body, wherein the drone body is provided with a first slide rail; a camera assembly, wherein the camera assembly is rotatably mounted on the drone body; a support block, wherein the support block is slidably mounted on the first slide rail, and the support block is provided with a second slide rail extending in a direction parallel to the lens of the camera assembly; and a cleaning plate, wherein the cleaning plate is slidably mounted on the second slide rail, and the cleaning plate is located between the support block and the camera assembly. By sliding the support block on the first slide rail, the cleaning plate is moved to a position where it abuts against the lens of the camera assembly.

[0007] Furthermore, the cleaning plate includes a wiping plate, an infusion assembly, a slider, and a driving assembly. The infusion assembly and the slider are both disposed on the wiping plate. The slider is slidably disposed on the second slide rail. The infusion assembly is used to input cleaning fluid into the wiping plate, and the driving assembly is used to drive the slider to move along the second slide rail.

[0008] Furthermore, the infusion assembly includes a reservoir and an infusion tube. The reservoir abuts against the wiping plate and the support block on both sides, respectively. The first end of the infusion tube is connected to the reservoir, and the second end of the infusion tube is disposed on the wiping plate. The slider is provided with a spring, and the two ends of the spring are connected to the wiping plate and the slider, respectively. The reservoir and the slider are located on the same side of the wiping plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the drive assembly includes an elliptical ring, a first spur rack, a second spur rack, a half-gear, a drive shaft, and a motor. The elliptical ring is disposed on the wiping plate. The inner ring surface of the elliptical ring is provided with a first spur rack and a second spur rack. The first spur rack and the second spur rack are disposed opposite to each other. The first spur rack and the second spur rack are adapted to the half-gear. The half-gear is fixedly disposed on the drive shaft. The drive shaft is rotatably disposed on the support block. The motor is used to drive the drive shaft to rotate.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a clamping assembly, which includes a bidirectional threaded rod, two clamping plates, and two moving blocks. The two ends of the bidirectional threaded rod are rotatably mounted on the support block. The support block is provided with a third slide rail. The moving blocks are slidably mounted on the third slide rail. The two moving blocks are threadedly connected to the two threads of the bidirectional threaded rod in opposite directions. The two clamping plates are respectively mounted on the two moving blocks.

[0011] Furthermore, the clamping assembly also includes a belt, the first end of which is drivenly connected to the bidirectional threaded rod, and the second end of which is drivenly connected to the output end of the motor.

[0012] Furthermore, the camera assembly includes a camera, a rotating rod, a first fixing plate, and a second fixing plate. The two ends of the rotating rod are rotatably mounted on the drone body. The first fixing plate and the second fixing plate are mounted on the rotating rod, and the camera is clamped between the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the camera assembly also includes an electric push rod, with the second fixed plate slidably mounted on the rotating rod, the electric push rod being used to push the second fixed plate to move along the rotating rod.

[0014] Furthermore, the drone body is equipped with multiple sets of wings, and the wings are fitted with protective shells.

[0015] Furthermore, a solar panel is installed on the top of the drone body, and a storage block for storing energy is installed at the bottom of the solar panel.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the biodiversity monitoring device for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) of this invention has the following advantages: By setting a first slide rail on the UAV body and sliding a support block on the slide rail, and further setting a second slide rail parallel to the lens of the camera assembly on the support block, a cleaning plate can slide on the second slide rail. When it is necessary to remove foreign objects from the lens surface, the camera assembly rotates to a position where the lens and the cleaning plate face each other, the support block slides to a position where the cleaning plate abuts against the camera lens, and the cleaning plate moves in a direction parallel to the lens, thereby removing dust, stains, bird droppings, or insect secretions attached to the lens surface, thus maintaining the clarity of the camera image. By arranging the cleaning plate independently of the camera structure, the load on the camera is reduced, avoiding the cumbersome turning problem caused by the cleaning mechanism being set above the camera in existing technologies, making the camera more flexible and stable when switching monitoring angles.

[0017] Meanwhile, by mounting the cleaning plate on a sliding support block, the support block can move away from the camera assembly along the first slide rail. This allows the cleaning plate to be completely removed from the camera's working area when not in a cleaning state, avoiding any obstruction or interference to the camera's rotation, pitch, or angle adjustment. This not only ensures the camera's omnidirectional free rotation capability during monitoring operations but also prevents field-of-view obstruction or structural collision problems caused by a fixed cleaning mechanism position. Through the sliding adjustment of the support block, the cleaning mechanism can quickly approach the lens for cleaning when needed and automatically or manually retract to a distant position after cleaning, maintaining unobstructed and stable conditions around the camera. This effectively improves the imaging flexibility and operational safety of the UAV biodiversity monitoring device in complex environments, enabling the camera to maintain high-resolution, unobstructed imaging effects, thereby significantly enhancing the UAV's monitoring accuracy and mission adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a first perspective view of the UAV biodiversity monitoring device provided by the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a second perspective view of the UAV biodiversity monitoring device provided by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A;

[0021] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of point B;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of the cleaning plate of the UAV biodiversity monitoring device provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a third perspective view of the UAV biodiversity monitoring device provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Enlarged view of point C;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a partial enlarged view of the UAV biodiversity monitoring device provided by the present invention.

[0026] The correspondence between the reference numerals and the component names is as follows:

[0027] 1. Drone body; 11. First slide rail; 12. Wing; 13. Protective shell; 14. Solar panel; 2. Camera assembly; 21. Camera; 22. Rotating rod; 23. First fixing plate; 24. Second fixing plate; 3. Support block; 31. Second slide rail; 32. Third slide rail; 4. Cleaning plate; 41. Wiping plate; 42. Infusion assembly; 421. Reservoir; 422. Infusion tube; 43. Slider; 431. Spring; 44. Drive assembly; 441. Elliptical ring; 442. First spur rack; 443. Second spur rack; 444. Half gear; 445. Drive shaft; 446. Motor; 5. Clamping assembly; 51. Bidirectional threaded rod; 52. Clamping plate; 53. Moving block; 54. Belt. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates exemplary embodiments of the present invention, including various details to aid understanding. These details should be considered merely exemplary. Therefore, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope of the invention. Similarly, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a biodiversity monitoring device for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), comprising: a UAV body 1, the UAV body 1 having a first slide rail 11; a camera assembly 2, the camera assembly 2 being rotatably mounted on the UAV body 1; a support block 3, the support block 3 being slidably mounted on the first slide rail 11, the support block 3 having a second slide rail 31 extending in a direction parallel to the lens of the camera assembly 2; and a cleaning plate 4, the cleaning plate 4 being slidably mounted on the second slide rail 31, the cleaning plate 4 being located between the support block 3 and the camera assembly 2, the cleaning plate 4 being moved to a position where it abuts the lens of the camera assembly 2 by sliding the support block 3 on the first slide rail 11.

[0030] The biodiversity monitoring device for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) of this application includes a first slide rail 11 on the UAV body 1, and a support block 3 slidably mounted on the slide rail. A second slide rail 31 parallel to the lens of the camera assembly 2 is further provided on the support block 3, allowing the cleaning plate 4 to slide on the second slide rail 31. When the support block 3 slides to the position where the cleaning plate 4 abuts against the lens of the camera 21, the cleaning plate 4 moves in the direction parallel to the lens, thereby removing dust, stains, bird droppings, or insect secretions attached to the lens surface, thus maintaining the clarity of the image captured by the camera 21. By arranging the cleaning component independently of the camera 21 structure, the load on the camera 21 is not increased, avoiding the cumbersome turning problem caused by the cleaning mechanism being located above the camera 21 in the prior art, making the camera 21 faster, more convenient, more flexible, and more stable when switching monitoring angles.

[0031] Meanwhile, by setting the cleaning plate 4 on the sliding support block 3, the support block 3 can move away from the camera assembly 2 along the first slide rail 11. This allows the cleaning plate 4 to be completely removed from the working area of ​​the camera 21 when not in a cleaning state, avoiding any obstruction or interference to the rotation, pitch, or angle adjustment of the camera 21. This not only ensures the camera 21's omnidirectional free rotation capability during monitoring operations but also prevents field-of-view obstruction or structural collision problems caused by the fixed position of the cleaning mechanism. Through the sliding adjustment of the support block 3, the cleaning plate 4 can quickly approach the lens for cleaning when needed, and automatically or manually retract to a distant position after cleaning, maintaining the unobstructed and stable area around the camera 21. This effectively improves the imaging flexibility and operational safety of the UAV biodiversity monitoring device in complex environments, enabling the camera 21 to continuously maintain high-resolution, unobstructed imaging effects, thereby significantly enhancing the monitoring accuracy and mission adaptability of the UAV.

[0032] Finally, the sliding rail cleaning structure of this application is simple in design, easy to maintain, replace, and modularly install, and can adapt to the monitoring tasks of different types of UAVs. It is particularly suitable for complex environments with a lot of dust or frequent bird activity in the wild, significantly improving the reliability of long-term UAV monitoring and the quality of image acquisition. The support block 3 can slide to the position where the cleaning plate 4 abuts against the lens of the camera assembly 2. At the same time, the cleaning plate 4 moves along the second sliding rail 31 parallel to the lens, thereby cleaning foreign objects on the lens and improving the clarity of photos and videos taken by the camera assembly 2. Since there are no cleaning-related components on the camera 21, the camera assembly 2 is simpler and lighter, improving the stability and flexibility of the viewing angle.

[0033] Specifically, the cleaning plate 4 has a flexible wiping layer made of microfiber cloth on the side facing the camera assembly 2, which can remove dust, water stains and dirt without scratching the lens, and the second slide rail 31 is parallel to the lens of the camera assembly 2.

[0034] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, the cleaning plate 4 includes a wiping plate 41, an infusion assembly 42, a slider 43, and a driving assembly 44. The infusion assembly 42 and the slider 43 are both disposed on the wiping plate 41. The slider 43 is slidably disposed on the second slide rail 31. The infusion assembly 42 is used to input cleaning fluid into the wiping plate 41, and the driving assembly 44 is used to drive the slider 43 to move along the second slide rail 31.

[0035] By incorporating a wiping plate 41, an infusion assembly 42, a slider 43, and a drive assembly 44 into the cleaning plate 4, the cleaning mechanism can simultaneously perform spraying and wiping functions, significantly improving the lens cleaning effect. Specifically, the infusion assembly 42 can inject cleaning fluid into the wiping plate 41 during the cleaning process, keeping the surface of the wiping plate 41 moderately moist, effectively dissolving and removing dust, oil, bird droppings, and insect secretions adhering to the lens of the camera 21. The slider 43 is slidably mounted on a second slide rail 31 parallel to the lens and moves smoothly along the slide rail under the action of the drive assembly 44, allowing the wiping plate 41 to evenly cover the lens surface for reciprocating cleaning. This structure not only achieves a combined cleaning method of wet washing and mechanical wiping, improving the thoroughness of cleaning and image clarity of the camera 21, but also avoids monitoring interruptions caused by manual cleaning or landing maintenance. At the same time, the automated control of the drive assembly 44 makes the cleaning process stable and reliable, reducing the risk of attitude disturbance during drone flight, and overall improving the long-term monitoring capability of the drone in complex field environments and the level of system intelligence.

[0036] like Figure 4 and Figure 8 As shown, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, the infusion assembly 42 includes a reservoir 421 and an infusion tube 422. The reservoir 421 abuts against the wiping plate 41 and the support block 3 on both sides, respectively. The first end of the infusion tube 422 is connected to the reservoir 421, and the second end of the infusion tube 422 is disposed on the wiping plate 41. The slider 43 is provided with a spring 431, and the two ends of the spring 431 are connected to the wiping plate 41 and the slider 43, respectively. The reservoir 421 and the slider 43 are located on the same side of the wiping plate 41.

[0037] By incorporating a reservoir 421, an infusion tube 422, and a spring 431 into the infusion assembly 42, the delivery of cleaning fluid becomes more stable and efficient, and the buffering and adhesion performance of the cleaning plate 4 during sliding is enhanced. Specifically, the reservoir 421 abuts against the wiping plate 41 and the support block 3 on both sides, and can automatically adjust its internal pressure under external pressure. For example, when the camera assembly 2 slides to the position of the wiping plate 41, it squeezes the wiping plate 41, achieving a uniform supply of cleaning fluid. The infusion tube 422 connects the reservoir 421 and the wiping plate 41, allowing the cleaning fluid to be smoothly transmitted and evenly distributed on the surface of the wiping plate 41, ensuring moderate wettability during wiping, thereby effectively dissolving and removing dirt from the lens surface. The spring 431 on the slider 43 connects the wiping plate 41 and the slider 43 at both ends, providing elastic support and cushioning when the cleaning plate 41 is compressed and slides, ensuring a flexible fit between the wiping plate 41 and the lens surface, preventing scratches caused by hard contact, and improving the stability and continuity of the cleaning action. This structure not only achieves the synergistic effect of dynamic supply of cleaning fluid and flexible cleaning, but also gives the device greater durability and adaptability in complex environments, thereby significantly improving the imaging clarity and reliability of the UAV biodiversity monitoring device during long-term operation.

[0038] like Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, the drive assembly 44 includes an elliptical ring 441, a first spur rack 442, a second spur rack 443, a half-gear 444, a drive shaft 445, and a motor 446. The elliptical ring 441 is disposed on the wiping plate 41. The inner ring surface of the elliptical ring 441 is provided with the first spur rack 442 and the second spur rack 443. The first spur rack 442 and the second spur rack 443 are disposed opposite to each other. The first spur rack 442 and the second spur rack 443 are adapted to the half-gear 444. The half-gear 444 is fixedly disposed on the drive shaft 445. The drive shaft 445 is rotatably disposed on the support block 3. The motor 446 is used to drive the drive shaft 445 to rotate.

[0039] By incorporating an elliptical ring 441, double racks, a half-gear 444, a transmission shaft 445, and a motor 446 into the drive assembly 44, a smooth, controllable, and reciprocating motion of the wiping plate 41 along the lens surface is achieved, significantly improving cleaning efficiency and structural reliability. Specifically, the elliptical ring 441 is fixed to the wiping plate 41, with a first rack 442 and a second rack 443 arranged oppositely on its inner ring surface. The half-gear 444 alternately meshes with both racks. As the motor 446 drives the transmission shaft 445 to rotate, the half-gear 444 periodically meshes with different racks, causing the wiping plate 41 to produce a reciprocating linear motion. By utilizing the asymmetrical structural features of the elliptical ring 441, the wiping plate 41 moves more smoothly and reverses direction more gently during its sliding stroke, avoiding the impact and jamming problems caused by traditional gear mechanisms during reversal, thus ensuring the stability of the cleaning action and the safety of the lens. Simultaneously, this drive method is compact, has high transmission efficiency, effectively reduces the overall weight of the machine, lowers energy consumption, and reduces mechanical wear. By precisely controlling the rotation of the drive shaft 445 through the motor 446, the cleaning speed and frequency can be intelligently adjusted, enabling the drone to automatically match the optimal cleaning mode under different pollution levels and environmental conditions, further improving the automation level and long-term operational reliability of the drone biodiversity monitoring device.

[0040] Specifically, one half of the half-gear 444 is a toothed portion, and the other half is a toothless portion. The output end of the motor 446 is provided with a first bevel gear, and the transmission shaft 445 is provided with a second bevel gear. The first bevel gear and the second bevel gear mesh with each other.

[0041] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, a clamping assembly 5 is further included. The clamping assembly 5 includes a bidirectional threaded rod 51, two clamping plates 52 and two moving blocks 53. The two ends of the bidirectional threaded rod 51 are rotatably mounted on the support block 3. The support block 3 is provided with a third slide rail 32. The moving blocks 53 are slidably mounted on the third slide rail 32. The two moving blocks 53 are threadedly connected to the two threads of the bidirectional threaded rod 51 in different directions. The two clamping plates 52 are respectively mounted on the two moving blocks 53.

[0042] By incorporating a clamping component 5 into the UAV biodiversity monitoring device, a stable connection and flexible adjustment between the device and wild trees are achieved, significantly improving the device's structural stability and adaptability. The clamping component 5 can stably hold objects such as large tree trunks, fixing the UAV biodiversity monitoring device at a high position, away from the activity range of large animals on the ground. Compared to traditional ground-based mobile monitoring devices, this effectively avoids equipment damage caused by curious animals bumping into or destroying the equipment, ensuring stable operation of the device within biodiversity conservation areas. Since it does not require hovering or flying, the device can continuously and uninterruptedly conduct monitoring, greatly improving the integrity and continuity of monitoring data collection and providing reliable data support for biodiversity research and conservation.

[0043] Specifically, the clamping assembly 5 includes a bidirectional threaded rod 51, a clamping plate 52, and two moving blocks 53. The two ends of the bidirectional threaded rod 51 are rotatably mounted on the support block 3. The two moving blocks 53 engage with the threads on the threaded rod in opposite directions. When the threaded rod rotates, the two moving blocks 53 can move towards or away from each other along the third slide rail 32, thereby automatically clamping or releasing the clamping plate 52. The clamping plate 52 can precisely clamp and position the outer structure of tree trunks in the field, reducing flight power consumption and effectively preventing displacement of the cleaning mechanism when the UAV experiences flight vibrations or attitude changes, thus improving the contact stability between the wiping plate 41 and the lens during cleaning. Furthermore, the combination of threaded drive and slide rail guidance results in a compact structure and smooth transmission, avoiding the additional weight and mechanical interference caused by complex locking mechanisms, further enhancing the reliability and overall coordination of the UAV biodiversity monitoring device during monitoring operations.

[0044] Specifically, the bidirectional threaded rod 51 extends in the horizontal direction.

[0045] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, the clamping assembly 5 further includes a belt 54, the first end of which is connected to the bidirectional threaded rod 51, and the second end of which is connected to the output end of the motor 446.

[0046] By adding a belt 54 transmission structure to the clamping assembly 5, synchronous driving of the clamping plate 52 and the cleaning plate 4 is achieved. This allows the cleaning plate 4 to simultaneously clean the lens of the camera 21 when clamping tree trunks or other supports, effectively mitigating the interference of dust caused by leaves blown by the clamping of tree trunks or wings 12 on imaging. Specifically, the first end of the belt 54 is connected to the bidirectional threaded rod 51, and the second end is connected to the output of the motor 446. When the motor 446 drives the belt 54 to rotate, the clamping plate 52 clamps or loosens along with the bidirectional threaded rod 51, simultaneously driving the cleaning plate 4 to slide parallel to the lens, thus cleaning dust, debris, and other adhering substances from the lens surface. This coordinated drive ensures the clarity of the camera 21's imaging during clamping operations, prevents dust from blurring monitoring data, and improves the automation and synchronization of the cleaning action. Through the coordinated action of belt 54, the movement of clamping plate 52 and cleaning plate 4 is smooth and reliable, with a compact and lightweight structure. This further enhances the stability of the UAV biodiversity monitoring device during long-term operation in complex field environments and the continuity of data acquisition, providing high-quality and reliable image data support for ecological monitoring and biodiversity research.

[0047] like Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, the camera assembly 2 includes a camera 21, a rotating rod 22, a first fixing plate 23 and a second fixing plate 24. The two ends of the rotating rod 22 are rotatably mounted on the drone body 1. The first fixing plate 23 and the second fixing plate 24 are mounted on the rotating rod 22. The camera 21 is sandwiched between the first fixing plate 23 and the second fixing plate 24.

[0048] By incorporating a rotating rod 22, a first fixing plate 23, and a second fixing plate 24 into the camera assembly 2, the camera 21 achieves more stable mounting support and flexible rotation adjustment capabilities during UAV monitoring. Specifically, the rotating rod 22 is rotatably mounted on the UAV body 1 at both ends, serving as the rotation support shaft for the camera assembly 2. The first fixing plate 23 and the second fixing plate 24 are mounted on the rotating rod 22 and together clamp and fix the camera 21, thus giving the camera 21 excellent shock resistance and stability. This structure not only effectively prevents the camera 21 from shifting or loosening due to vibration during UAV flight, acceleration, or attitude adjustment, but also allows for pitch angle adjustment of the camera 21 via the rotating rod 22, facilitating switching between different monitoring perspectives and meeting the needs of multi-scenario observation. Simultaneously, the fixing method of the fixing plates facilitates the disassembly and replacement of the camera 21, improving maintenance convenience and system modularity. The combination of the fixing plate clamping and the rotating rod 22 support structure allows the camera 21 to maintain high stability while also possessing flexible adjustment capabilities, thereby improving the image capture accuracy and operational reliability of the UAV in dynamic monitoring.

[0049] Specifically, the rotating rod 22 extends in the horizontal direction.

[0050] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the camera assembly 2 further includes an electric push rod, and the second fixed plate 24 is slidably disposed on the rotating rod 22. The electric push rod is used to push the second fixed plate 24 to move along the rotating rod 22.

[0051] By incorporating an electric push rod in the camera assembly 2 and allowing the second fixing plate 24 to slide along the rotating rod 22, automatic adjustment and dynamic positioning of the camera 21 clamping distance are achieved, significantly improving the flexibility and ease of use of the camera 21 installation. Specifically, the electric push rod drives the second fixing plate 24 to move along the rotating rod 22, automatically adjusting the clamping distance between the first fixing plate 23 and the second fixing plate 24 according to the size of the camera 21 or the needs of different monitoring tasks. This enables precise fixing and quick replacement of cameras 21 of different sizes, avoiding the cumbersome operations of traditional screw-type or manual locking structures during installation and disassembly, and improving the efficiency of UAV maintenance and task switching. Simultaneously, the electric push rod drive is stable and controllable, ensuring that the clamping force on the camera 21 is moderate during adjustment, preventing deformation of the camera 21 shell due to over-clamping or shaking due to insufficient clamping force, thereby improving the stability and clarity of the captured image. Furthermore, the sliding mating structure, combined with the precise control of the electric push rod, enables the camera assembly 2 to achieve adaptive fine-tuning. During flight, it automatically optimizes the clamping state based on the monitoring angle or environmental vibration, further enhancing the intelligence level and long-term operational reliability of the UAV biodiversity monitoring device.

[0052] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, the drone body 1 is provided with multiple sets of wings 12, and the wings 12 are provided with protective shells 13.

[0053] By incorporating multiple sets of wings 12 onto the UAV body 1 and equipping each wing 12 with a protective shell 13, the flight stability and operational safety of the UAV are effectively improved. Specifically, the multi-wing structure 12 provides greater lift and better flight balance, enabling the UAV to maintain a stable flight attitude while carrying the cleaning plate 4, camera 21, and other monitoring equipment, adapting to complex terrain and variable airflow environments. The protective shell 13 on the wings 12 prevents the wings 12 from being impacted, scratched, or intruded by foreign objects during flight, reducing the risk of mechanical damage. It also reduces the impact of vibrations caused by external interference on the imaging of the camera 21 and the operation of the cleaning mechanism. In addition, the protective shell 13 design makes the wing 12 easier to maintain, extends the overall service life of the UAV, and improves the durability and operational reliability of the UAV in field monitoring missions, thereby ensuring long-term, efficient, and stable ecological environment monitoring capabilities.

[0054] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, a solar panel 14 is provided on the top of the drone body 1, and a storage block for storing energy is provided at the bottom of the solar panel 14.

[0055] By installing a solar panel 14 on top of the drone body 1 and equipping the bottom of the solar panel 14 with a storage block, the drone biodiversity monitoring device achieves autonomous energy replenishment and improved endurance. Specifically, the solar panel 14 can convert solar energy into electrical energy during flight or when grounded, continuously powering the drone's power system, camera 21, cleaning plate 4, and other monitoring equipment, extending the drone's continuous operation time. The storage block stores the electrical energy generated by the solar panel 14, enabling the drone to maintain normal operation in low light or rainy weather conditions, ensuring uninterrupted monitoring missions. This energy replenishment method not only reduces dependence on external charging and improves the autonomy and reliability of the drone in long-term field monitoring missions, but also enhances the environmental friendliness and economy of the operation, providing a stable and efficient energy guarantee for drone applications in ecological environment monitoring, field patrols, and long-term data collection.

[0056] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the drone body 1 is provided with a first slide rail 11 extending longitudinally along the drone. The first slide rail 11 is made of metal or high-strength composite material and is connected to the drone frame by fixing bolts to ensure the stability of the slide rail during flight. The camera assembly 2 is rotatably mounted on the drone body 1, including a camera 21 body, a rotating rod 22 and a fixing plate. The two ends of the rotating rod 22 are rotatably mounted on the drone body 1. The camera 21 is clamped and fixed to the rotating rod 22 by a first fixing plate 23 and a second fixing plate 24, which can realize pitch angle adjustment. The camera 21 is used to capture images or video data of the drone's monitoring area and can be linked with the drone flight control system or data processing module to realize automatic or remote control shooting. The support block 3 is slidably mounted on the first slide rail 11 and is provided with a driving component to drive the support block 3 to slide along the first slide rail 11. The support block 3 is provided with a second slide rail 31 parallel to the lens surface of the camera 21. The second slide rail 31 is used to install the cleaning plate 4 and guide it to slide along the lens plane. The support block 3 can move along the first slide rail 11, allowing the cleaning plate 4 to approach the lens surface of the camera 21, forming a contact state to clean dust, bird droppings, insect secretions, and other attachments from the lens surface. The cleaning plate 4 is slidably mounted on the second slide rail 31, with its lower surface parallel to the lens of the camera 21. The cleaning plate 4 can reciprocate along the second slide rail 31 via a drive component 44, such as a motor 446, gears, a slider mechanism 43, or a spring 431 auxiliary structure, wiping the lens surface to achieve continuous or periodic cleaning. The relative position between the cleaning plate 4 and the support block 3 can be adjusted according to the size of the camera 21 lens or cleaning requirements to ensure comprehensive and efficient cleaning.

[0057] In this embodiment, the operation procedure of the UAV biodiversity monitoring device is as follows: When the UAV is cruising and monitoring in the field environment, if dust or stains appear on the surface of the lens of the camera 21, the camera assembly 2 rotates to the position where the camera 21 faces the cleaning plate 4. The support block 3 slides along the first slide rail 11, bringing the cleaning plate 4 closer to the lens. Then, the drive assembly 44 controls the cleaning plate 4 to move along the second slide rail 31 to wipe the lens. At the same time, cleaning fluid can be provided to the wiping plate 41 through the infusion assembly 42 to enhance the cleaning effect. After cleaning is completed, the support block 3 can be retracted to its original position along the first slide rail 11, allowing the camera assembly 2 to continue to capture monitoring images normally. This embodiment realizes the separate arrangement of components such as the cleaning plate 4 from the camera 21, avoiding the problem of increasing the load on the camera 21. At the same time, it ensures the stability and flexibility of the camera 21's viewing angle turning during the flight of the UAV, and significantly improves the reliability and image acquisition clarity of the UAV in long-term monitoring in complex field environments.

[0058] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution disclosed in this invention can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0059] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. An unmanned aerial vehicle biodiversity monitoring device, characterized in that, include: The drone body is equipped with a first slide rail; A camera assembly, which is rotatably mounted on the drone body; A support block is slidably mounted on a first slide rail, and the support block is provided with a second slide rail extending in a direction parallel to the lens of the camera assembly; A cleaning plate is slidably disposed on the second slide rail. The cleaning plate is located between the support block and the camera assembly. The cleaning plate moves to a position where it abuts against the lens of the camera assembly by sliding the support block on the first slide rail. The cleaning plate includes a wiping plate, an infusion assembly, a slider, and a driving assembly. The infusion assembly and the slider are both disposed on the wiping plate. The slider is slidably disposed on the second slide rail. The infusion assembly is used to input cleaning fluid into the wiping plate, and the driving assembly is used to drive the slider to move along the second slide rail. The infusion assembly includes a reservoir and an infusion tube. The reservoir abuts against the wiping plate and the support block on both sides, respectively. The first end of the infusion tube is connected to the reservoir, and the second end of the infusion tube is disposed on the wiping plate. The slider is provided with a spring, and the two ends of the spring are connected to the wiping plate and the slider, respectively. The reservoir and the slider are located on the same side of the wiping plate. The drive assembly includes an elliptical ring, a first spur rack, a second spur rack, a half-gear, a drive shaft, and a motor. The elliptical ring is disposed on the wiping plate. The inner ring surface of the elliptical ring is provided with a first spur rack and a second spur rack. The first spur rack and the second spur rack are disposed opposite to each other. The first spur rack and the second spur rack are adapted to the half-gear. The half-gear is fixedly disposed on the drive shaft. The drive shaft is rotatably disposed on the support block. The motor is used to drive the drive shaft to rotate. The camera assembly includes a camera, a rotating rod, a first fixed plate, a second fixed plate, and an electric push rod. The two ends of the rotating rod are rotatably mounted on the drone body. The first fixed plate and the second fixed plate are mounted on the rotating rod. The camera is sandwiched between the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate. The second fixed plate is slidably mounted on the rotating rod. The electric push rod is used to push the second fixed plate to move along the rotating rod.

2. The drone biodiversity monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein, It also includes a clamping assembly, which includes a bidirectional threaded rod, two clamping plates and two moving blocks. The two ends of the bidirectional threaded rod are rotatably mounted on the support block. The support block is provided with a third slide rail. The moving blocks are slidably mounted on the third slide rail. The two moving blocks are threadedly connected to the two threads of the bidirectional threaded rod in different directions. The two clamping plates are respectively mounted on the two moving blocks.

3. The drone biodiversity monitoring apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The clamping assembly also includes a belt, the first end of which is drivenly connected to the bidirectional threaded rod, and the second end of which is drivenly connected to the output end of the motor.

4. The UAV biodiversity monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drone body is equipped with multiple sets of wings, and the wings are fitted with protective shells.

5. The UAV biodiversity monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A solar panel is installed on the top of the drone body, and a storage block for storing energy is installed at the bottom of the solar panel.

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