Earth fault finder Bluetooth anti-interference communication method for high-voltage environment

Abstract

The invention discloses a Bluetooth anti-interference communication method of a ground fault finder for a high-voltage environment, relates to the technical field of electrical logging instrument communication, and is used for solving the problem of poor Bluetooth stability under high voltage. According to the invention, the interference channel is identified by constructing a connection period channel graph and a black and white list mechanism in combination with switching and partial discharge timelines, and a time slot transceiving plan is generated by delimiting a silent area and a key measurement frame return area, so that key data transmission is ensured not to be interfered; then dynamically adjusting a physical layer mode, transmitting power and a packet structure when a link state changes, triggering a radio frequency protection process in a surge, static or group pulse event, carrying out hierarchical confirmation and integrity recording on each communication process, solidifying into a station interference portrait after the operation is finished, loading into an initial parameter in subsequent starting, and carrying out online updating; and the anti-interference capability and the operation safety of Bluetooth communication in a high-voltage scene are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of communication technology for electrical measuring instruments, and more specifically, to a Bluetooth anti-interference communication method for a ground fault finder in a high-voltage environment. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of high-voltage power system operation and maintenance, ground fault finders, as key detection equipment, are widely used in distribution networks, substations, and power testing scenarios to quickly identify the location and characteristics of single-phase ground faults. With the increasing complexity of work areas, traditional wired control methods limit operational flexibility and operator safety. Short-range wireless communication technologies such as Bluetooth are gradually being introduced to enable data exchange and remote operation between the finder and handheld terminals. In practical deployments, the portability and real-time performance of Bluetooth communication significantly improve operational efficiency, making it particularly suitable for non-contact operation scenarios in space-constrained or high-voltage isolated areas.

[0003] However, existing Bluetooth communication technology has significant shortcomings in high-voltage electromagnetic interference environments. On the one hand, interference sources such as surges, arcs, and partial discharges generated by high-voltage equipment during operation can cause unpredictable impacts on Bluetooth communication links, leading to frequent connection interruptions, loss of critical measurement frames, or retransmission failures. On the other hand, most current Bluetooth connection strategies rely solely on standard frequency hopping mechanisms and static retransmission strategies, lacking real-time perception and dynamic adaptation capabilities to changes in channel quality. They cannot effectively avoid high-incidence interference areas or automatically restore links and adjust parameters. Furthermore, existing locator systems have not established interference profiles and historical statistical structures specific to the work site, resulting in each operation requiring configuration from scratch, making it difficult to accumulate experience and develop systematic anti-interference capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the following solution is proposed to solve the problem of poor Bluetooth stability under high voltage in the above-mentioned background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A Bluetooth anti-interference communication method for a ground fault finder in high-voltage environments includes the following steps: During the fault localization process, Bluetooth channel quality, packet errors and collision signs are collected. Interference perception is established by combining the switching and partial discharge timelines, and connection period channel diagrams, blacklists, whitelists and key measurement frame tags are generated and updated over time. Set the transmit and echo sampling windows as communication silent zones, set key measurement frame return zones before and after, arrange transmit and receive start and stop according to the connection period channel diagram, and generate time slot plans and channel and window identifiers; Bluetooth interference immunity transmission configuration is executed according to time slot plan and link status, including physical layer mode switching, transmit power shaping and packet structure selection, and RF front-end protection is triggered and timestamps are recorded when surge, electrostatic discharge or burst pulse is detected, generating transmission configuration records; Based on the time slot plan and transmission configuration record, the positioning process is segmented and marked with timestamps and sequence numbers. Key measurement frames and telemetry frames are subjected to hierarchical confirmation, reassembly, retransmission and deduplication, and task logs and integrity tags are generated. At the end of the operation, the connection period channel diagram, time slot plan, transmission configuration record, task log and integrity label are solidified to form a site interference profile, which is loaded as the initial parameters and updated online when the same site starts.

[0006] Furthermore, during the fault localization process, Bluetooth channel quality, packet errors, and collision indicators are collected. Interference sensing is established by combining the switching and partial discharge timelines, generating a connection period channel map, blacklist, whitelist, and key measurement frame tags that are updated over time. Specific steps include: A sliding window is set up under a unified time reference to collect channel quality, packet errors and collision indicators of Bluetooth connection events and label them with time tags and source tags; Combine the projection and partial discharge timeline to mark interference segments; Based on window statistics and historical statistics, bad channels and available channels are determined, and blacklists and whitelists are generated. Write the bearer attributes for each channel in the connection period channel diagram, including critical measurement frame bearers and non-critical telemetry bearers; Generate key measurement frame labels and bind them to time location, priority and corresponding channel.

[0007] Furthermore, the transmit and echo sampling windows are set as communication silent zones, and key measurement frame return zones are set before and after them. Transmit and receive starts and stops are arranged according to the connection period channel diagram, and time slot plans and channel and window identifiers are generated. Specific steps include: The transmission window and echo sampling window are determined according to the fault location process and set as the communication silent zone; Set up key measurement frame feedback zones before and after each silent zone; Based on the connection period channel diagram, window numbers and channel numbers are assigned to key measurement frames to generate a time slot plan. The time slot plan includes window start and end, transmit and receive start and stop flags, and channel numbers. When critical measurement frames overlap, arbitration is performed based on priority, time sequence, and channel occupancy, and the time slot plan and window number are updated.

[0008] Furthermore, Bluetooth interference immunity transmission configuration is executed according to the time slot plan and link status, including physical layer mode switching, transmit power shaping and packet structure selection. When surges, electrostatic discharges, or bursts are detected, RF front-end protection is triggered and a timestamp is recorded to generate a transmission configuration record. Specific steps include: Select the physical layer mode and data rate according to the time slot plan and link status, set the transmit power curve and power rise and fall time, and determine the packet structure, channel transition interval and retransmission interval. When the link status enters a critical condition, it switches to low code rate strong error correction mode and records the switching time. When surge, electrostatic discharge, or burst pulse signs are detected, the radio frequency front-end protection state machine is entered to perform short-term suppression, limiting, or transmit pause and record a timestamp. A transmission configuration record is generated, which records the physical layer mode, transmit power parameters, packet structure, triggering reason, and timestamp.

[0009] Furthermore, based on the time slot plan and transmission configuration record, the positioning process is segmented and labeled with timestamps and sequence numbers. Layered confirmation, reassembly, retransmission, and deduplication are performed on key measurement frames and telemetry frames. Specific steps include: Under a unified time reference, the positioning process is divided into segments with timestamps and sequence numbers, and key measurement frames and telemetry frames are distinguished. On the receiving side, fragments are buffered in order and timestamps and sequence numbers are aligned to complete end-to-end reassembly; Initiate a retransmission request for missing segments and record timeout entries; perform deduplication and overwrite on duplicate segments based on sequence number and timestamp. Output the recombination results and register the fragment order, source location, and confirmation status.

[0010] Further, task logs and integrity tags are generated, and the specific steps include: Integrity labels are generated for key measurement frames and telemetry frames. The integrity labels include window number, channel number, timestamp, sequence number, acknowledgment status, and number of retransmissions. Record a list of abnormal and unconfirmed fragments and establish a correlation with the reconstruction results; Generate a task log, which includes connection event records, time slot plan version, transmission configuration record references, and the trigger and exit times of front-end protection. Provides search fields by event number, window number, channel number, and time interval.

[0011] Furthermore, at the end of the operation, the connection period channel diagram, time slot plan, transmission configuration record, task log, and integrity tag are solidified to form a site interference profile. This profile is then loaded as initial parameters and updated online when the same site starts. Specific steps include: At the end of the task, summarize the connection period channel diagram, time slot plan, transmission configuration record, task log and integrity label to generate a site interference profile; Record the key channel set, time segment channel availability, window distribution and typical trigger event fingerprints in the site interference profile, and set version number and applicable scenario tags; When starting at the same site, the corresponding version is loaded as the initial parameter set for interference sensing and time slot orchestration. During operation, the parameter is updated online based on the current statistics and the parameter differences are recorded.

[0012] Furthermore, the specific steps for online parameter updating and write-back based on site interference profiles include: During operation, link status and backhaul results are statistically analyzed using a unified time base. The connection period channel map is incrementally updated according to window granularity. Newly detected bad channels are added to the blacklist, and channels that meet the recovery conditions are removed from the blacklist. For key measurement frame labels, priority and binding relationships are adjusted only within the window intervals that have not yet been entered; for time slot plans, incremental rearrangement is performed at the window boundaries, retaining the already bound windows, and new conflicts are arbitrated according to criticality level and time sequence, and alternative windows are generated. Write the timestamp of parameter changes, source entry, and affected window number to the transmission configuration record; At the end of the task, the list of parameter differences and update logs are written back to the site interference profile and a new version number is generated.

[0013] The technical effects and advantages of the Bluetooth anti-interference communication method for a grounding fault finder in high-voltage environments according to the present invention are as follows: This invention achieves stable Bluetooth communication in strong electromagnetic interference scenarios by constructing a channel quality awareness, silent zone time slot arrangement, link state-driven anti-interference configuration, and site-level interference profile feedback mechanism throughout the fault location learning process. It uses switching and partial discharge events as interference references, updates the connection period channel diagram and blacklist / whitelist in real time to prevent key measurement frames from falling into the interference channel, sets the transmission and echo sampling windows as communication silent zones, and establishes key measurement frame return zones before and after. Through time slot scheduling and arbitration strategies, it ensures that key data is transmitted first, on time, and without conflict. When the link enters a degraded or critical stage, the physical layer mode is dynamically switched, the transmit power curve is shaped, and the packet structure parameters are adjusted. When surge, electrostatic discharge, or burst pulse signals are detected, the radio frequency front-end protection is immediately triggered, enabling the Bluetooth link to have self-protection capabilities under electrical disturbances. Each transmission behavior and retransmission process is then layered for confirmation and integrity marking, forming a traceable task log. After the operation is completed, it is solidified into a site interference profile for rapid loading and online updates in subsequent operations. This allows for the construction of environmental awareness and communication strategy self-evolution capabilities on a site-by-site basis. It can stably transmit key frames for location in strong interference scenarios such as high-voltage power distribution rooms and substations, improve the reliability of fault location, reduce misjudgments and retests, reduce operation time and equipment communication oscillation risks, and enhance the safety and engineering applicability of ground fault finding operations. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a Bluetooth anti-interference communication method for a grounding fault finder in a high-voltage environment according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] In order to achieve the above objectives, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the Bluetooth anti-interference communication method for a grounding fault finder in a high-voltage environment is given, which specifically includes the following steps; During the fault localization process, Bluetooth channel quality, packet errors and collision signs are collected. Interference perception is established by combining the switching and partial discharge timelines, and connection period channel diagrams, blacklists, whitelists and key measurement frame tags are generated and updated over time. Set the transmit and echo sampling windows as communication silent zones, set key measurement frame return zones before and after, arrange transmit and receive start and stop according to the connection period channel diagram, and generate time slot plans and channel and window identifiers; Bluetooth interference immunity transmission configuration is executed according to time slot plan and link status, including physical layer mode switching, transmit power shaping and packet structure selection, and RF front-end protection is triggered and timestamps are recorded when surge, electrostatic discharge or burst pulse is detected, generating transmission configuration records; Based on the time slot plan and transmission configuration record, the positioning process is segmented and marked with timestamps and sequence numbers. Key measurement frames and telemetry frames are subjected to hierarchical confirmation, reassembly, retransmission and deduplication, and task logs and integrity tags are generated. At the end of the operation, the connection period channel diagram, time slot plan, transmission configuration record, task log and integrity label are solidified to form a site interference profile, which is loaded as the initial parameters and updated online when the same site starts.

[0017] Step 1: During the fault localization process, collect Bluetooth channel quality, packet errors, and collision indicators. Combine this with the handover and partial discharge timelines to establish interference sensing, and generate a connection period channel map, blacklist, whitelist, and key measurement frame tags that are updated over time. The specific implementation is as follows: Before starting the operation, the clocks of the locator and the handheld terminal are aligned to a unified time reference. A sliding window and window sliding step size are set, and unified time tags and source tags are assigned to Bluetooth connection events, in-station switching records, and partial discharge records. The duration of the sliding window is set according to the transmission and echo cycle relationship of the fault location program, and the window sliding step size is a fixed fraction of the window duration to ensure overlap between adjacent windows. The Bluetooth side collects the received signal strength indication value, reception success rate, packet error rate, retransmission count, and access rejection count for each available channel and each window. This data is stored in a buffer according to the time tag, source tag, channel number, and connection event type. The circuit breaker opening and closing positions, switch switching logs, and partial discharge alarms output by the in-station system are written to the switching and partial discharge timelines according to the same time reference. The timeline entries include event type, start and end times, device identifier, and event credibility flag. By comparing time overlap, windows that overlap with the switching or partial discharge timelines are marked as candidate interference windows, and the original Bluetooth measurement data is retained without deletion.

[0018] Within the candidate interference window and the normal window, a set of channel quality indicators and a collision quantification term are calculated, respectively. The channel quality indicator set includes the average and dispersion of the received signal strength indication value within the window, and the stability of the successful reception ratio within the window. The collision quantification term includes a continuous increase in the packet error rate, a continuous increase in the number of retransmissions in adjacent windows, and a concentrated occurrence of access rejections within the window. The judgment threshold is not a fixed value but is given through a field adaptive process. For example, a baseline distribution is established within several consecutive windows in the early stage of the operation. The high quantile range of the successful reception ratio is taken as the available interval, and the high quantile range of the packet error ratio and the number of retransmissions is taken as the abnormal interval. When the same channel meets the candidate interference window marking and abnormal interval conditions in multiple consecutive windows, it is marked as a bad channel in the current time period. When the same channel meets the available interval in multiple consecutive windows and does not overlap with the switching or partial discharge timeline, it is marked as an available channel in the current time period.

[0019] For each window, an incremental segment of the connectivity channel graph is generated: each channel is written as a node with a time tag, a source tag, and a current attribute. The current attribute includes three values: available, restricted, and unavailable, as well as a change reason entry. The change reason entry records the triggered indicator name and the corresponding window position.

[0020] Based on the incremental segments of the connection period channel diagram, the blacklist and whitelist are dynamically maintained during the current operation period. The generation rules for the blacklist are as follows: A channel is blacklisted when it is marked as unavailable or restricted for multiple consecutive windows and overlaps with the switching or partial discharge timeline. The rules for generating the whitelist are as follows: A channel is added to the whitelist when it is marked as available in multiple consecutive windows and does not overlap with the switching or partial discharge timeline. When a channel recovers from being blacklisted to restricted and continues to meet availability conditions, it is removed from the blacklist and added to the whitelist pre-set. After stabilizing for several additional windows, it is then added back to the whitelist. Both the blacklist and whitelist carry time attributes and source tags to distinguish different devices and different learning stages. Within the same window, the bearer attributes of each channel are written into the connectivity channel diagram. The bearer attributes are only of two types: critical measurement frame bearers and non-critical telemetry bearers. Critical measurement frame bearers are selected only from the whitelist and the whitelist pre-set, while non-critical telemetry bearers can be selected from the whitelist and restricted channels. When a restricted channel is selected, the reason for the restriction and the range of allowed data types are recorded in the bearer attributes.

[0021] After completing the channel availability and bearer attribute labeling, key measurement frame tags are generated. Key measurement frames are data segments related to the transmission moment and echo characteristics of the fault location learning process, including echo summaries after transmission, feature point time and location, and necessary state values ​​related to location calculations. The fields of the key measurement frame tag include time and location, priority, corresponding channel and window number, source tag, and triggering reason. The time and location are generated by the location learning process scheduling, and the priority is determined based on the order of steps in the learning process and its necessity for subsequent calculations. The triggering reason records the learning stage or echo characteristic detection event that triggered the tag. Within a window, if the whitelisted channels are insufficient to cover all key measurement frames, they are bound according to priority from high to low. Unbound key measurement frames are recorded as gap entries for subsequent binding in non-conflict windows. The key measurement frame labels are written back to the corresponding nodes and time positions in the connection period channel graph, forming a graph structure and label set that are updated over time, providing direct input for subsequent time-slotted orchestration and transmission configuration.

[0022] Step 2: Set the transmit and echo sampling windows as communication silent zones, set key measurement frame return zones before and after, arrange transmit and receive start / stop according to the connection period channel diagram, and generate time slot plans and channel and window identifiers. The specific implementation is as follows: Under a unified time reference, the start and end times of the fault location program scheduling output transmission window and echo sampling window are marked as the start and end times of the transmission window and the start and end times of the echo sampling window, respectively. These two time periods are defined as communication quiet zones. In the quiet zone, all transmit and receive start and stop flags are turned off. A pre-key measurement frame return zone is set before each quiet zone, and a post-key measurement frame return zone is set after each quiet zone. The start and end times of the front-end and back-end key measurement frame return areas are determined based on two types of constraints: one is a safety constraint, including the front-end recovery time and the measurement channel latching time; the other is a processing constraint, including the key measurement frame encapsulation delay and the verification delay.

[0023] The front-end recovery time was measured using the actual recovery process of the RF front-end and measurement link. The measurement channel latching time was measured using the actual stabilization process of the sampling and storage link. The critical measurement frame encapsulation delay and verification delay were measured using the actual processing time of the data packaging, integrity labeling, and verification process. These four items were recorded with time stamps, and the return transmission areas were arranged on the time axis using an interval order relationship. This ensured that the return transmission areas and silent areas did not overlap and retained a minimum gap as a protection margin. A window number was assigned to each silent area and return transmission area, and the window start and end times, time stamps, and source stamps were written into the window. Based on the connection period channel diagram and key measurement frame labels, channels and windows are bound within the return area of ​​each key measurement frame. The connection period channel diagram provides a whitelist, blacklist, and restricted attribute channel set at the current time label. Only channel numbers are selected from the whitelist to carry key measurement frames. If the whitelist is insufficient, selection is made from the whitelist's preceding set. If it is still insufficient, selection can be made from restricted attributes, but the reason for the restriction and the allowed data type range are recorded at the same time.

[0024] The key measurement frame label includes time location, priority, corresponding channel candidate set, and trigger reason. In the backhaul area, window number and channel number are assigned to key measurement frames according to time location and priority, and time slot plan entries are generated. Each time slot plan entry includes window number, window start and end time, channel number, transmit / receive start / stop flag, key measurement frame label reference, time tag, and source tag. The transmit / receive start / stop flag is only enabled in the backhaul area and disabled in the silent area and non-key telemetry windows. Non-key telemetry data is created as separate entries, assigned low priority, and assigned reusable window number and channel number, without occupying the key measurement frame backhaul area.

[0025] When two or more key measurement frame time locations fall within the same backhaul area and conflict, arbitration is performed and the time slot plan is updated. Arbitration is conducted according to three ordering rules: The first rule is priority based on higher priority, the second rule is based on time sequence, and the third rule is based on channel occupancy. Channel occupancy is obtained from the channel usage records in the connection period channel graph under the current time tag. Arbitration generates preemption and yielding decisions; if the yielded key measurement frame has remaining time in the same backhaul area, a secondary window number is assigned and the delay time is recorded; if there is no remaining time, an alternative window number is assigned in the adjacent backhaul area and the reason for crossing areas is recorded. When channel number conflicts, unused whitelist channel numbers are selected first; if insufficient, a selection is made from the whitelist pre-set and restricted attributes, and the reason is recorded.

[0026] After arbitration is completed, update the window number, channel number, and transmit / receive start / stop flags in the time slot plan entry. At the same time, generate a new time slot plan version and retain a reference to the previous version to facilitate version association in subsequent task logs and integrity tags. Immediately unbind the channel number that has been blacklisted during arbitration and select the next channel number from the candidate set. Record the time tag and source tag of the channel change in the time slot plan entry.

[0027] After the time slot plan is generated, it is sent to the finder and the handheld terminal. Both parties execute transmit and receive control and interface prompts using the same time slot plan version. Before the start time of the window, the finder completes the preparation of RF switch, baseband buffer and transmit queue according to the transmit and receive start and stop flags, and automatically shuts down transmit and receive at the end time of the window. The handheld terminal receives key measurement frames according to the channel number from the start time to the end time of the corresponding window, and sends back confirmation status with window number and time tag. All time slot plan entries and confirmation status form incremental records during operation, providing a consistent window number and channel number reference relationship for subsequent transmission configuration records, task logs and integrity tags. Within the same job, it is forbidden to change the window number and channel number that have been started, only incremental adjustment of the window number that has not yet arrived is allowed, and the reason for adjustment, adjustment time and time slot plan version are recorded.

[0028] For example, when performing ground fault location work at a substation, the location instrument and handheld terminal first align to a unified time base, load the initial parameter set from the previous site interference profile, generate a connection period channel diagram based on real-time statistics, and provide a whitelist and blacklist set under the current time tag. The fault location program scheduler outputs the start and end times of the current round of transmission window and the start and end times of the echo sampling window, and marks these two intervals as communication silent zones. Within the silent zone, the start and stop of transmission and reception are marked as off. A pre-critical measurement frame return area is set before each silent zone, and a post-critical measurement frame return area is set after each silent zone. The start and end times of the pre-critical and post-critical measurement frame return areas are determined by two types of known constraints: one type is safety constraints, including RF front-end recovery time and measurement channel latching time; the other type is processing constraints, including critical measurement frame encapsulation delay and verification delay. All four items were recorded with time stamps after on-site measurements. The return transmission zones were arranged on the time axis in interval order. The return transmission zones and silent zones were set to not overlap and a minimum gap was set as a protection margin. Window numbers were assigned to each silent zone and return transmission zone, and the start and end times, time stamps, and source stamps of the windows were written in.

[0029] In the critical measurement frame return area, channel and window binding is performed. Channel numbers are selected only from the whitelist for critical measurement frames. If the whitelist is insufficient, it is supplemented from the whitelist front set. If it is still insufficient, it can be selected from restricted attribute channels and the restricted reason and allowed data type range are recorded in the time slot plan entry. The key measurement frame label includes time location, priority, candidate channel set and triggering reason. The system assigns window number and channel number to each key measurement frame according to time location and priority, generates time slot plan entries, and creates separate entries for non-key telemetry data, assigns lower priority and assigns reusable window number and channel number to avoid occupying the key measurement frame backhaul area. Before sending, the window start and end time and transmit and receive start and stop flags of all entries are checked for consistency. After the check passes, a time slot plan version is generated and a version number is written. When two critical measurement frames conflict because their time positions fall within the same backhaul area, the conflict is handled according to preset arbitration rules: the first rule is that the one with higher priority takes precedence; the second rule is the order of time; and the third rule is the channel occupancy (channel occupancy is obtained from the usage records of the channel diagram during the connection period under the current time tag). Arbitration generates a preemption or yielding decision. If the yielded critical measurement frame has remaining time in the current backhaul area, a secondary window number is assigned and the delay time is recorded. If there is no remaining time, an alternative window number is assigned in an adjacent backhaul area and the reason for crossing areas is recorded. If the blacklist of the channel diagram during the connection period is updated, the system immediately unbinds the blacklisted channel number and window number, selects the next channel number from the candidate channel set of the critical measurement frame tag, and records the changed time tag and source tag. After the adjustment is completed, a new time slot plan version is generated, retaining the reference relationship of the previous version so that subsequent task logs and integrity tags can be associated with the version.

[0030] During the execution phase, the finder completes the switching of transmit / receive start / stop markers and queue preparation before each window number arrives according to the time slot plan version. In the backhaul area, it sends key measurement frames according to the channel number, and keeps transmit / receive switched off in the silent area.

[0031] Step 3: Execute Bluetooth interference immunity transmission configuration according to the time slot plan and link status, including physical layer mode switching, transmit power shaping and packet structure selection. Trigger RF front-end protection and record timestamps when surges, electrostatic discharges, or bursts are detected, generating a transmission configuration record. Specifically, the implementation is as follows: Under a unified time base, the terminal reads the current time slot plan version and the corresponding channel number before each window number arrives, and completes the initial configuration in combination with the link status.

[0032] Link status is obtained through sliding window statistics, including the stability of the received signal strength indicator, the stability of the successful reception ratio, the trend of packet error rate, the trend of retransmission count, and the concentration of access rejection count, along with time and source tags. It is divided into three levels based on link status: Normal level, degraded level, and critical level. The level determination does not use fixed values, but is determined based on the baseline distribution established in the early stages of the operation and the stability relationship within a continuous window. When selecting the physical layer mode, the normal level adopts the high throughput mode, the degraded level adopts the medium rate mode with error correction, and the critical level adopts the low rate mode with stronger error correction capability. When selecting the channel hopping interval, refer to the available channel density and the start and end boundaries of the window in the connection period channel diagram, and arrange the hopping in the middle of the window to avoid crossing the window boundary; When selecting a retransmission interval, ensure that the number of retransmissions and the retransmission interval can be fully scheduled within the start and end time of the window. If it is insufficient to complete a full retransmission, mark it as a single transmission and retransmit it in the subsequent adjacent window.

[0033] Transmit power shaping is completed before each window number enters, and the transmit power curve includes the target power, power rise timer, and power fall timer. The target power is determined based on the spatial loss corresponding to the link status and channel number. The power rise timer is set as the reserved period between the switch from the transmit / receive start / stop flag to the start and the transmission of the first frame, so that the transmit power reaches the target power before the arrival of the first frame. The power fall timer is set as the reserved period between the confirmation of the last frame and the switch from the transmit / receive start / stop flag to the stop, so that the transmit power decreases smoothly at the end of the window. The packet structure selection includes the payload length, the redundancy strength of the preamble and check fields, and the length of the fragmentation identifier and sequence number fields.

[0034] The payload length is set to a longer value in the normal level to reduce the number of connection events, and a shorter value in the degraded and critical levels to improve the timeliness of confirmation. The redundancy strength of the preamble and check fields is increased in the degraded and critical levels to ensure that stronger error detection and correction capabilities can be obtained without changing the physical layer mode.

[0035] The RF front-end protection state machine consists of hardware detection and baseband linkage. Hardware detection includes three types of event inputs: surge detection, electrostatic discharge (ESD) detection, and burst pulse detection. These are provided by the power surge monitoring circuit, the ESD trigger sampling circuit, and the burst pulse threshold comparison link, respectively, and written to the event queue with timestamps. During the window execution period, the baseband polls the event queue. Upon receiving any event, it enters the protection process, which includes three actions: short-time suppression, limiting, and transmit pause. Short-term suppression reduces the target power of the transmit power curve after the current packet is completed. Limiting restricts the peak power within the current window to not exceed the protection threshold. Transmitting pause shuts down transmission and reception after confirming the completion of the last packet until the window ends. The condition for exiting the protection process is that no new events appear in the event queue during the continuous observation window and the link status recovers to a degradation level or above. After exiting, the system restores to the previous stable physical layer mode, transmit power curve, and packet structure. The entry and exit timestamps, trigger event types, action sequences, and affected window numbers are written into the transmission configuration record.

[0036] The transmission configuration record generates an incremental entry at the end of each window. Fields include the time slot plan version, window number, channel number, link status level, physical layer mode, transmit power curve parameters, packet structure parameters, channel transition interval, retransmission interval, protection process trigger and exit timestamps, trigger event type, action sequence, and source label. If a channel number change or blacklist update occurs within a window, the timestamp of the channel change, the reason for the change, and the replacement channel number are recorded. If the window execution does not complete the expected number of retransmissions, the reason for the incomplete retransmission and the planned retransmission window number are recorded. The transmission configuration record maintains consistency with the task log and integrity label during runtime. Modification of records for windows that have already taken effect is prohibited; incremental updates are only allowed in the corresponding entries of windows that have not yet started, generating new record versions.

[0037] Step 4: Based on the time slot plan and transmission configuration record, the positioning process is segmented and labeled with timestamps and sequence numbers. Key measurement frames and telemetry frames undergo layered confirmation, reassembly, retransmission, and deduplication. A task log and integrity tag are generated. The specific implementation is as follows: Under a unified time reference, the lookup instrument reads the current time slot plan version and the corresponding channel number before the start of each window number, and reads the transmission configuration record bound to that window number. The positioning process is divided into a group of segments on the sending side, and each segment is stamped with a timestamp and a sequence number. The sequence number monotonically increases within a positioning process, increasing by one step from the first segment, and is not inherited across jobs. The timestamp is taken from the unified time reference and is associated one-to-one with the window number.

[0038] During encapsulation, critical measurement frames are allocated segments with priority. The segment fields include window number, channel number, time slot plan version, timestamp, sequence number, critical measurement frame marker, and integrity verification marker. Telemetry frames are allocated segments after critical measurement frames. The segment fields include window number, channel number, slot plan version, timestamp, sequence number, and telemetry tag. When a segment enters the transmission queue, it retains a reference to the transmission configuration record, which is used to backtrack the physical layer mode, transmit power curve, and packet structure parameters on the receiving side and in subsequent logs.

[0039] Layered acknowledgment is performed on the receiving side according to frame category. Critical measurement frames employ a strong acknowledgment strategy, meaning that each segment within the same window number is acknowledged one by one. The acknowledgment content includes the timestamp, sequence number, window number, channel number, and verification result. If no acknowledgment is received beyond the specified window number, a retransmission request is generated in the next available window number. The retransmission request includes the original segment's timestamp, sequence number, and bound window number. Telemetry frames employ a weak acknowledgment strategy, meaning that after accumulating several segments within the same window number, acknowledgments are sent back in batches. The acknowledgment content includes the acknowledgment start sequence number, acknowledgment end sequence number, window number, and channel number. When the batch acknowledgment does not cover all sequence numbers, a retransmission request is generated in the next available window number for the missing sequence numbers.

[0040] The retransmission request enters the retransmission request queue. After receiving the retransmission request, the sending side retransmits the data according to the next window number given in the time slot plan. If the next window number conflicts with the critical measurement frame backhaul area, the data is postponed by one window number without affecting the critical measurement frame, and the reason for the postponement and the time tag are recorded.

[0041] End-to-end reassembly establishes a reassembly buffer on the receiving side using window number, channel number, and time slot plan version as indexes. Fragments are inserted into the reassembly buffer according to their sequence number. When out-of-order fragments occur, the order is determined by both the timestamp and the sequence number. When duplicate fragments occur, deduplication and overwriting are performed based on the same sequence number. The overwriting rule is as follows: when a new fragment has the same sequence number as an existing fragment and its timestamp is more recent, the new fragment overwrites the existing fragment. The overwriting source tag and the reason for overwriting are recorded in the task log. A missing list is generated for missing fragments and kept consistent with the retransmission request queue. When the missing list is not cleared within a certain number of consecutive window numbers, the current reassembly status is marked as incomplete and the reason for incompleteness, the range of missing sequence numbers, and the affected window numbers are recorded.

[0042] When the reassembly is complete, the reassembly result is output. The result set includes the fragment order, source location, confirmation status, and references to the transmission configuration record. The result set is then written to the task log.

[0043] Task logs and integrity tags are generated at the end of the reassembly phase. The task log uses window number as the smallest record unit, and its fields include time slot plan version, channel number, number of transmitted segments, number of acknowledged segments, number of missing segments, number of retransmission requests, number of retransmission completions, number of coverage occurrences, coverage source tag, and time tag. Integrity tags establish separate entries for critical measurement frames and telemetry frames. Entries include window number, channel number, timestamp, sequence number, acknowledgement status, and number of retransmissions. Unacknowledged and abnormal entries are listed separately and referenced in the task log. Entries that have reached the end of their window are not modified; incremental updates are only allowed for entries corresponding to window numbers that have not yet started, generating new time slot plan version references and new transmission configuration record references.

[0044] Step 5: At the end of the job, solidify the connection period channel diagram, time slot plan, transmission configuration record, task log, and integrity tag into a site interference profile. Load these as initial parameters and update them online when starting at the same site. The specific implementation is as follows: After a task is completed, the runtime system summarizes and archives the connection period channel diagram, time slot plan, transmission configuration record, task log, and integrity tag generated during the task, using a unified time base. During the summary, the time tag is used as the primary key and the source tag as the secondary key. The channel number, transmit / receive start / stop flag, link status level, physical layer mode, transmit power curve parameters, packet structure parameters, channel transition interval, retransmission interval, acknowledgment status, and retransmission count under the same window number are archived. A change sequence is generated for the blacklist and whitelist in chronological order, and the trigger event type and trigger time tag for each change are recorded. A reference relationship is established between the task log and the integrity tag, and the reference items include the time slot plan version, window number, channel number, and transmission configuration record reference.

[0045] After the aggregation is completed, a data structure for constructing a site interference profile is built, site identifiers are bound, and version numbers and applicable scenario tags are written. Applicable scenario tags are derived from the work records and include three types of tags: site operation shift, seasonal period, and equipment combination. Time segments are divided into several continuous intervals based on the similarity of channel availability in the window sequence. The similarity determination is based on the consistency of the distribution of the three types of tags—available, restricted, and unavailable—within the interval.

[0046] The site interference profile includes a set of fields, including: The system includes a key channel set, time-segmented channel availability, window distribution, fingerprints of typical interference events, and parameter indexes. The key channel set refers to the channel numbers that maintain an available marker in most windows and do not overlap with the switching or partial discharge timeline. Most windows mean that the proportion of time in which the available marker appears is higher than the sum of the time in which the restricted and unavailable markers appear. The time-segmented channel availability records the relationship between the availability, restricted, and unavailable status of each channel number in each time segment, and includes the entry and exit times of the blacklist and whitelist.

[0047] The window distribution records the layout of the key measurement frame return area and the communication silent area on the time axis, the binding relationship between window number and channel number, and the alternative window number and cross-area reason generated by arbitration. The typical interference event fingerprint consists of event type, involved device identifier, trigger time, affected window number, entry protection action sequence and recovery conditions, which are used to provide reference during subsequent loading. The parameter index establishes a bidirectional index for the above fields with time slot plan version, transmission configuration record reference and task log entry, which facilitates retrieval.

[0048] Upon restarting at the same site, the system first reads the site identifier and retrieves matching applicable scenario tags from the site interference profile to generate an initial parameter set. This initial parameter set includes a draft of the connectivity channel diagram, a blacklist and whitelist, key measurement frame tags, a draft time slot plan, and a draft transmission configuration. The draft connectivity channel diagram is derived from the key channel set and time segment channel availability, maintaining consistency between channel numbers and time segments. The blacklist and whitelist are derived from the change sequence of the previous version to obtain the current starting state. The key measurement frame tags are copied according to the binding relationship in the window distribution, including time position, priority, window number, and channel number. The draft time slot plan generates window start / end, transmit / receive start / stop markers, and channel numbers accordingly. The draft transmission configuration uses the previous stable configuration in the absence of event input, including physical layer mode, transmit power curve parameters, packet structure parameters, channel transition interval, and retransmission interval. After generation, a startup time tag and version number are written, indicating the source as the site interference profile.

[0049] Online updates are performed at the window level during job execution, taking effect only on window numbers that have not yet entered the execution state; window numbers that have already started execution remain unchanged. The update process includes three parts: First, the channel set is updated. Based on the link status and backhaul results under the current time tag, the connection period channel map is incrementally modified. Newly detected bad channels are added to the blacklist. Channel numbers that meet the recovery conditions are removed from the blacklist and added to the whitelist front set. After remaining available for several subsequent windows, they are included in the whitelist. Second, time slot adjustment: retain the bound window number, arbitrate new conflict entries according to the priority and time sequence in the key measurement frame label and generate alternative window numbers, and record the reason for cross-region and the changed time label at the same time. Third, transmission parameters are updated. New link status levels, physical layer modes, transmit power curve parameters, and packet structure parameters are written into the transmission configuration record, and the source tag is recorded as online update. Each online update generates a parameter difference list and an update log. The difference list lists the modified window number, channel number, and parameter items, while the update log records the update timestamp, triggering reason, and operation source. After the operation is completed, the parameter difference list and update log are written back to the site interference profile, generating a new version number. A reference chain between the previous and current versions is established in the profile index, allowing subsequent retrieval and tracing to reconstruct the entire process using the version number, timestamp, and window number.

[0050] It should be noted that the threshold information in this embodiment was set in advance by professionals and will not be explained in detail here. Some parameters in the embodiment may have the same English letters, but they are explained with different meanings when used, and will not be explained one by one here.

[0051] This invention achieves stable Bluetooth communication in strong electromagnetic interference scenarios by constructing a channel quality awareness, silent zone time slot arrangement, link state-driven anti-interference configuration, and site-level interference profile feedback mechanism throughout the fault location learning process. It uses switching and partial discharge events as interference references, updates the connection period channel diagram and blacklist / whitelist in real time to prevent key measurement frames from falling into the interference channel, sets the transmission and echo sampling windows as communication silent zones, and establishes key measurement frame return zones before and after. Through time slot scheduling and arbitration strategies, it ensures that key data is transmitted first, on time, and without conflict. When the link enters a degraded or critical stage, the physical layer mode is dynamically switched, the transmit power curve is shaped, and the packet structure parameters are adjusted. When surge, electrostatic discharge, or burst pulse signals are detected, the radio frequency front-end protection is immediately triggered, enabling the Bluetooth link to have self-protection capabilities under electrical disturbances. Each transmission behavior and retransmission process is then layered for confirmation and integrity marking, forming a traceable task log. After the operation is completed, it is solidified into a site interference profile for rapid loading and online updates in subsequent operations. This allows for the construction of environmental awareness and communication strategy self-evolution capabilities on a site-by-site basis. It can stably transmit key frames for location in strong interference scenarios such as high-voltage power distribution rooms and substations, improve the reliability of fault location, reduce misjudgments and retests, reduce operation time and equipment communication oscillation risks, and enhance the safety and engineering applicability of ground fault finding operations.

[0052] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, in the form of a computer program product.

[0053] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0054] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module.

[0055] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0056] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Bluetooth anti-interference communication method for a grounding fault finder in a high-voltage environment, characterized in that: The specific steps include: During the fault localization process, Bluetooth channel quality, packet errors and collision signs are collected. Interference perception is established by combining the switching and partial discharge timelines, and connection period channel diagrams, blacklists, whitelists and key measurement frame tags are generated and updated over time. Set the transmit and echo sampling windows as communication silent zones, set key measurement frame return zones before and after, arrange transmit and receive start and stop according to the connection period channel diagram, and generate time slot plans and channel and window identifiers; Bluetooth interference immunity transmission configuration is executed according to time slot plan and link status, including physical layer mode switching, transmit power shaping and packet structure selection, and RF front-end protection is triggered and timestamps are recorded when surge, electrostatic discharge or burst pulse is detected, generating transmission configuration records; Based on the time slot plan and transmission configuration record, the positioning process is segmented and marked with timestamps and sequence numbers. Key measurement frames and telemetry frames are subjected to hierarchical confirmation, reassembly, retransmission and deduplication, and task logs and integrity tags are generated. At the end of the operation, the connection period channel diagram, time slot plan, transmission configuration record, task log and integrity label are solidified to form a site interference profile, which is loaded as the initial parameters and updated online when the same site starts.

2. The Bluetooth anti-interference communication method for a grounding fault finder in a high-voltage environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the fault localization process, Bluetooth channel quality, packet errors, and collision indicators are collected. Interference perception is established by combining the switching and partial discharge timelines. A connection period channel map, blacklist, whitelist, and key measurement frame tags are generated and updated over time. Specific steps include: A sliding window is set up under a unified time reference to collect channel quality, packet errors and collision indicators of Bluetooth connection events and label them with time tags and source tags; Combine the projection and partial discharge timeline to mark interference segments; Based on window statistics and historical statistics, bad channels and available channels are determined, and blacklists and whitelists are generated. Write the bearer attributes for each channel in the connection period channel diagram, including critical measurement frame bearers and non-critical telemetry bearers; Generate key measurement frame labels and bind them to time location, priority and corresponding channel.

3. The Bluetooth anti-interference communication method for a grounding fault finder in a high-voltage environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Set the transmit and echo sampling windows as communication silent zones, set key measurement frame return zones before and after, arrange transmit and receive start / stop according to the connection period channel diagram, and generate time slot plans and channel and window identifiers. The specific steps include: The transmission window and echo sampling window are determined according to the fault location process and set as the communication silent zone; Set up key measurement frame feedback zones before and after each silent zone; Based on the connection period channel diagram, window numbers and channel numbers are assigned to key measurement frames to generate a time slot plan. The time slot plan includes window start and end, transmit and receive start and stop flags, and channel numbers. When critical measurement frames overlap, arbitration is performed based on priority, time sequence, and channel occupancy, and the time slot plan and window number are updated.

4. The Bluetooth anti-interference communication method for a grounding fault finder in a high-voltage environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Bluetooth interference immunity transmission configuration is executed according to the time slot plan and link status, including physical layer mode switching, transmit power shaping and packet structure selection. When surges, electrostatic discharges, or bursts are detected, RF front-end protection is triggered and a timestamp is recorded to generate a transmission configuration record. Specific steps include: Select the physical layer mode and data rate according to the time slot plan and link status, set the transmit power curve and power rise and fall time, and determine the packet structure, channel transition interval and retransmission interval. When the link status enters a critical condition, it switches to low code rate strong error correction mode and records the switching time. When surge, electrostatic discharge, or burst pulse signs are detected, the radio frequency front-end protection state machine is entered to perform short-term suppression, limiting, or transmit pause and record a timestamp. A transmission configuration record is generated, which records the physical layer mode, transmit power parameters, packet structure, triggering reason, and timestamp.

5. The Bluetooth anti-interference communication method for a grounding fault finder in a high-voltage environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the time slot plan and transmission configuration record, the positioning process is segmented and labeled with timestamps and sequence numbers. Key measurement frames and telemetry frames undergo layered confirmation, reassembly, retransmission, and deduplication. Specific steps include: Under a unified time reference, the positioning process is divided into segments with timestamps and sequence numbers, and key measurement frames and telemetry frames are distinguished. On the receiving side, fragments are buffered in order and timestamps and sequence numbers are aligned to complete end-to-end reassembly; Initiate a retransmission request for missing segments and record timeout entries; perform deduplication and overwrite on duplicate segments based on sequence number and timestamp. Output the recombination results and register the fragment order, source location, and confirmation status.

6. The Bluetooth anti-interference communication method for a grounding fault finder in a high-voltage environment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The steps to generate task logs and integrity tags include: Integrity labels are generated for key measurement frames and telemetry frames. The integrity labels include window number, channel number, timestamp, sequence number, acknowledgment status, and number of retransmissions. Record a list of abnormal and unconfirmed fragments and establish a correlation with the reconstruction results; Generate a task log, which includes connection event records, time slot plan version, transmission configuration record references, and the trigger and exit times of front-end protection. Provides search fields by event number, window number, channel number, and time interval.

7. The Bluetooth anti-interference communication method for a grounding fault finder in a high-voltage environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: At the end of the operation, the connection period channel diagram, time slot plan, transmission configuration record, task log, and integrity tag are solidified to form a site interference profile. These profiles are loaded as initial parameters and updated online when the same site starts. Specific steps include: At the end of the task, summarize the connection period channel diagram, time slot plan, transmission configuration record, task log and integrity label to generate a site interference profile; Record the key channel set, time segment channel availability, window distribution and typical trigger event fingerprints in the site interference profile, and set version number and applicable scenario tags; When starting at the same site, the corresponding version is loaded as the initial parameter set for interference sensing and time slot orchestration. During operation, the parameter is updated online based on the current statistics and the parameter differences are recorded.

8. A Bluetooth anti-interference communication method for a grounding fault finder in a high-voltage environment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific steps for online parameter updating and writing back based on site interference profiles include: During operation, link status and backhaul results are statistically analyzed using a unified time base. The connection period channel map is incrementally updated according to window granularity. Newly detected bad channels are added to the blacklist, and channels that meet the recovery conditions are removed from the blacklist. For key measurement frame labels, priority and binding relationships are adjusted only within the window intervals that have not yet been entered; for time slot plans, incremental rearrangement is performed at the window boundaries, retaining the already bound windows, and new conflicts are arbitrated according to criticality level and time sequence, and alternative windows are generated. Write the timestamp of parameter changes, source entry, and affected window number to the transmission configuration record; At the end of the task, the list of parameter differences and update logs are written back to the site interference profile and a new version number is generated.

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