Time-sharing capacity market optimization clearing method based on frequency modulation response characteristics

Abstract

The invention provides a time-sharing capacity market optimization clearing method based on frequency modulation response characteristics, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining frequency modulation response characteristic parameters and capacity market operation parameters of a unit; according to the obtained parameters, constructing a time-sharing capacity market objective function considering frequency modulation response characteristics; constructing basic constraint conditions of the capacity market according to the obtained parameters; according to the obtained parameters, time-phased capacity constraints considering frequency modulation response characteristics are constructed; and finally, according to the obtained parameters, constructing a settlement model of the time-sharing capacity market. According to the method, starting from innovation of a power market mechanism, minimization of the total cost of the system is taken as an optimization target, the frequency modulation response capability and the time-phased capacity characteristic of the unit are considered, and the time dimension constraint of frequency modulation resources is considered, so that the unit with high-quality frequency modulation capability can obtain reasonable compensation and cope with the problem of insufficient flexibility of the power system; the frequency modulation resource configuration efficiency of the system is improved, and accurate evaluation and reasonable compensation of the frequency modulation capability are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power market and power system optimization operation, and specifically relates to a time-of-use capacity market optimization clearing method based on frequency regulation response characteristics. Background Technology

[0002] As the proportion of renewable energy generation in the power system continues to increase, the demand for frequency regulation resources is growing. Traditional capacity market mechanisms mainly focus on the adequacy of the system, failing to fully consider the frequency regulation response characteristics of generating units, resulting in low efficiency in the allocation of frequency regulation resources and difficulty in meeting the system's flexibility requirements.

[0003] From a system security perspective, the random fluctuation characteristics of new energy sources place higher demands on the frequency regulation capabilities of the power system. The existing capacity market mechanism fails to adequately assess and compensate for the frequency regulation performance of generating units, resulting in a lack of incentive for units with excellent frequency regulation capabilities to participate, leading to insufficient overall system frequency regulation capabilities and increased system operational risks.

[0004] From a market efficiency perspective, the traditional uniform capacity pricing mechanism fails to reflect the differences in frequency regulation value across different time periods and types of generating units, leading to irrational allocation of frequency regulation resources and low market clearing efficiency. Furthermore, the lack of a differentiated compensation mechanism for frequency regulation performance prevents high-quality frequency regulation resources from obtaining reasonable returns, thus impacting market participation.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to establish a time-sharing capacity market mechanism based on frequency regulation response characteristics. By considering factors such as the dynamic response characteristics, frequency regulation accuracy, and continuous capability of generating units, a time-sharing capacity value assessment system can be constructed to achieve accurate pricing and efficient allocation of frequency regulation resources, thereby improving the frequency regulation capability and operational reliability of the power system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0007] Therefore, the first objective of this invention is to propose a time-sharing capacity market optimization clearing method based on frequency modulation response characteristics.

[0008] This invention starts with innovation in the electricity market mechanism, taking the minimization of total system cost as the optimization objective. It considers the frequency regulation response characteristics of generating units and the time-of-use capacity value, constructing a time-of-use capacity market mechanism that includes frequency regulation capability assessment. By establishing a precise evaluation system for frequency regulation performance and a differentiated compensation mechanism, it enhances the participation enthusiasm of generating units with excellent frequency regulation capabilities, achieves efficient allocation of frequency regulation resources, strengthens the system's ability to cope with new energy fluctuations, and improves the safe and stable operation level of the power system.

[0009] The second objective of this invention is to propose a time-sharing capacity market optimization clearing device based on frequency modulation response characteristics.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of the present invention proposes a time-sharing capacity market optimization and clearing method based on frequency modulation response characteristics, comprising: Obtain the frequency regulation response characteristic parameters and capacity market operation parameters of the generating unit, wherein the parameters include the dynamic response characteristics, frequency regulation capability indicators and time-of-use capacity data of the generating unit; Construct a time-sharing capacity market objective function that considers frequency modulation response characteristics, with minimizing the total system cost as the optimization objective; The fundamental constraints for building a capacity market include system capacity adequacy constraints and unit operation technology constraints; Construct time-segmented capacity constraints that take into account frequency modulation response characteristics, including frequency modulation capability constraints and time coupling constraints; Construct a settlement model for the time-sharing capacity market to achieve differentiated capacity compensation based on frequency regulation capabilities.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, constructing the time-sharing capacity market objective function that considers frequency modulation response characteristics includes: The objective function expression for minimizing the total system cost is:

[0012] The formula for calculating capacity procurement costs is as follows:

[0013] The formula for calculating the cost of frequency modulation compensation is:

[0014] The formula for calculating system revenue is:

[0015] in, for Base capacity price for a given time period; for The amount of capacity to be purchased during a given time period; This refers to the unit's frequency regulation capability coefficient. This refers to the time-sharing price coefficient. This is the benchmark price for frequency modulation compensation; Let t be the frequency modulation capacity during time period t; Benefits from improved reliability; Benefits from improved frequency modulation performance.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the basic constraints for constructing the capacity market include: System capacity adequacy constraints:

[0017] Technical constraints on unit operation include: Unit output upper and lower limit constraints:

[0018] Time constraints for unit start-up and shutdown:

[0019] Climbing speed constraint:

[0020] Constraints on the Relationship between Frequency Regulation Capacity and Unit Output:

[0021] in, For the unit exist Capacity of a time period; for System capacity requirements for a given time period; This is the system capacity margin coefficient; For the unit exist Start and stop status variables for a given time period; , These are the minimum and maximum capacities of the generating unit, respectively. This is the minimum startup time for the unit; , These are the unit's uphill and downhill ramp rates, respectively. For the unit exist Frequency modulation capacity during a given time period; This is the unit's frequency regulation capacity coefficient.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, the construction of time-division capacity constraints considering frequency modulation response characteristics includes: Frequency modulation response time constraint:

[0023] Frequency modulation continuity constraints:

[0024] Time-of-use frequency modulation capacity coupling constraints:

[0025] Frequency modulation accuracy constraints:

[0026] in: For the unit exist Frequency modulation response time for a given period; for Response time required for the specified time period; For the unit exist Frequency modulation capacity during a given time period; For the unit exist The duration of frequency modulation during the time period; for Minimum frequency modulation energy requirement for a given time period; For the unit The maximum frequency modulation rate; For the unit exist Frequency deviation over time period; This refers to the frequency regulation accuracy coefficient of the generating unit; This is the system's rated frequency.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present invention, the construction of the settlement model for the time-sharing capacity market includes: Determining settlement prices in the capacity market:

[0028] Frequency modulation compensation price determined:

[0029] Calculation of unit settlement costs:

[0030] in: for Market clearing price for the specified time period; for Frequency adjustment compensation clearing price for the time period; for The dual variable of the time-period capacity constraint; for The dual variable of the time-period frequency modulation constraint; for System revenue distribution coefficients related to time-period capacity; for System revenue distribution coefficients related to time-of-use frequency regulation; For the unit exist The winning bid capacity for the specified time period; For the unit exist The winning frequency modulation capacity for the specified time period; For the unit exist Frequency modulation capability coefficient for a given time period.

[0031] To achieve the above objectives, a second aspect of the present invention provides a time-sharing capacity market optimization clearing device based on frequency modulation response characteristics, comprising: The parameter acquisition module acquires the frequency regulation response characteristic parameters and capacity market operation parameters of the unit, wherein the parameters include the dynamic response characteristics, frequency regulation capability indicators and time-of-use capacity data of the unit; The time-sharing capacity market objective function construction module constructs a time-sharing capacity market objective function that considers frequency modulation response characteristics, with minimizing the total system cost as the optimization objective. The basic constraint construction module constructs the basic constraints of the capacity market, including system capacity adequacy constraints and unit operation technology constraints. The time-segmented capacity constraint construction module constructs time-segmented capacity constraints that take into account frequency modulation response characteristics, including frequency modulation capability constraints and time coupling constraints. The time-of-use capacity market settlement model construction module builds a settlement model for the time-of-use capacity market, enabling differentiated capacity compensation based on frequency regulation capabilities.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: This application presents a time-of-use capacity market optimization and clearing method based on frequency regulation response characteristics. With minimizing total system cost as the optimization objective, it overcomes the limitation of traditional capacity markets that only focus on static capacity adequacy. By introducing the dynamic frequency regulation response characteristics of generating units, a time-of-use capacity value assessment system and a differentiated compensation mechanism are constructed. This method can accurately identify and incentivize generating units with excellent frequency regulation performance, effectively improving the efficiency of frequency regulation resource allocation. This enhances the flexibility and operational reliability of the power system in responding to the volatility of high-proportion renewable energy sources, providing key technical support for building a market-based mechanism adapted to the new power system.

[0033] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a time-sharing capacity market optimization and clearing method based on frequency modulation response characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a time-sharing capacity market optimization clearing device based on frequency modulation response characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0036] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes a time-sharing capacity market optimization and clearing method based on frequency modulation response characteristics, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a time-sharing capacity market optimization and clearing method based on frequency modulation response characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes: Obtain the frequency regulation response characteristic parameters and capacity market operation parameters of the generating unit, wherein the parameters include the dynamic response characteristics, frequency regulation capability indicators and time-of-use capacity data of the generating unit; Construct a time-sharing capacity market objective function that considers frequency modulation response characteristics, with minimizing the total system cost as the optimization objective; The fundamental constraints for building a capacity market include system capacity adequacy constraints and unit operation technology constraints; Construct time-segmented capacity constraints that take into account frequency modulation response characteristics, including frequency modulation capability constraints and time coupling constraints; Construct a settlement model for the time-sharing capacity market to achieve differentiated capacity compensation based on frequency regulation capabilities.

[0039] Furthermore, the construction of the time-sharing capacity market objective function considering frequency modulation response characteristics includes: The objective function expression for minimizing the total system cost is: (1) in: The formula for calculating the cost of capacity procurement is: (2) The formula for calculating the cost of frequency modulation compensation is: (3) The formula for calculating system revenue is: (4) in: for Base capacity price for a given time period; for The amount of capacity to be purchased during a given time period; This refers to the unit's frequency regulation capability coefficient. This refers to the time-sharing price coefficient. This is the benchmark price for frequency modulation compensation; Let t be the frequency modulation capacity during time period t; Benefits from improved reliability; Benefits from improved frequency modulation performance.

[0040] Furthermore, the construction of the basic constraints of the capacity market includes: System capacity adequacy constraints: (5) Unit operation technical constraints: Unit output upper and lower limit constraints: (6) Time constraints for unit start-up and shutdown: (7) Climbing speed constraint: (8) Constraints on the Relationship between Frequency Regulation Capacity and Unit Output: (9) in: For the unit exist Capacity of a time period; for System capacity requirements for a given time period; This is the system capacity margin coefficient; For the unit exist Start and stop status variables for a given time period; , These are the minimum and maximum capacities of the generating unit, respectively. This is the minimum startup time for the unit; , These are the unit's uphill and downhill ramp rates, respectively. For the unit exist Frequency modulation capacity during a given time period; This is the unit's frequency regulation capacity coefficient.

[0041] Furthermore, the construction of the time-sharing capacity constraint considering frequency modulation response characteristics includes: Frequency modulation response time constraint: (10) Frequency modulation continuity constraints: (11) Time-of-use frequency modulation capacity coupling constraints: (12) Frequency modulation accuracy constraints: (13) in: For the unit exist Frequency modulation response time for a given period; for Response time required for the specified time period; For the unit exist Frequency modulation capacity during a given time period; For the unit exist The duration of frequency modulation during the time period; for Minimum frequency modulation energy requirement for a given time period; For the unit The maximum frequency modulation rate; For the unit exist Frequency deviation over time period; This refers to the frequency regulation accuracy coefficient of the generating unit; This is the system's rated frequency.

[0042] Furthermore, the construction of the settlement model for the time-sharing capacity market includes: Determining settlement prices in the capacity market: (14) Frequency modulation compensation price determined: (15) Calculation of unit settlement costs: (16) in: for Market clearing price for the specified time period; for Frequency adjustment compensation clearing price for the time period; for The dual variable of the time-period capacity constraint; for The dual variable of the time-period frequency modulation constraint; for System revenue distribution coefficients related to time-period capacity; for System revenue distribution coefficients related to time-of-use frequency regulation; For the unit exist The winning bid capacity for the specified time period; For the unit exist The winning frequency modulation capacity for the specified time period; For the unit exist Frequency modulation capability coefficient for a given time period.

[0043] This invention discloses a time-of-use capacity market optimization and clearing method based on frequency regulation response characteristics. Starting with innovation in the electricity market mechanism, it aims to minimize the total system cost. Considering the frequency regulation response characteristics and time-of-use capacity value of generating units, it constructs a time-of-use capacity market mechanism that includes frequency regulation capability assessment. By establishing a precise evaluation system for frequency regulation performance and a differentiated compensation mechanism, it enhances the participation enthusiasm of generating units with high-quality frequency regulation capabilities, achieves efficient allocation of frequency regulation resources, strengthens the system's ability to cope with new energy fluctuations, and improves the safe and stable operation of the power system.

[0044] To achieve the above embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment also provides a time-sharing capacity market optimization clearing device 10 based on frequency modulation response characteristics. The device 10 includes a parameter acquisition module 100, a time-sharing capacity market objective function construction module 200, a basic constraint condition construction module 300, a time-sharing capacity constraint construction module 400, and a time-sharing capacity market settlement model construction module 500.

[0045] The parameter acquisition module 100 acquires the frequency regulation response characteristic parameters and capacity market operation parameters of the unit, wherein the parameters include the dynamic response characteristics, frequency regulation capability indicators and time-of-use capacity data of the unit; The time-sharing capacity market objective function construction module 200 constructs a time-sharing capacity market objective function that considers frequency modulation response characteristics, with minimizing the total system cost as the optimization objective. The basic constraint construction module 300 constructs the basic constraints of the capacity market, including system capacity adequacy constraints and unit operation technology constraints. The time-sharing capacity constraint construction module 400 constructs time-sharing capacity constraints that take into account frequency modulation response characteristics, including frequency modulation capability constraints and time coupling constraints. The Time-of-Use Capacity Market Settlement Model Construction Module 500 constructs a settlement model for the time-of-use capacity market, enabling differentiated capacity compensation based on frequency regulation capabilities.

[0046] Furthermore, the aforementioned time-sharing capacity market objective function construction module is also used for: The objective function expression for minimizing the total system cost is:

[0047] The formula for calculating capacity procurement costs is as follows:

[0048] The formula for calculating the cost of frequency modulation compensation is:

[0049] The formula for calculating system revenue is:

[0050] in, for Base capacity price for a given time period; for The amount of capacity to be purchased during a given time period; This refers to the unit's frequency regulation capability coefficient. This refers to the time-sharing price coefficient. This is the benchmark price for frequency modulation compensation; Let t be the frequency modulation capacity during time period t; Benefits from improved reliability; Benefits from improved frequency modulation performance.

[0051] Furthermore, the aforementioned basic constraint construction module is also used for: System capacity adequacy constraints:

[0052] Technical constraints on unit operation include: Unit output upper and lower limit constraints:

[0053] Time constraints for unit start-up and shutdown:

[0054] Climbing speed constraint:

[0055] Constraints on the Relationship between Frequency Regulation Capacity and Unit Output:

[0056] in, For the unit exist Capacity of a time period; for System capacity requirements for a given time period; This is the system capacity margin coefficient; For the unit exist Start and stop status variables for a given time period; , These are the minimum and maximum capacities of the generating unit, respectively. This is the minimum startup time for the unit; , These are the unit's uphill and downhill ramp rates, respectively. For the unit exist Frequency modulation capacity during a given time period; This is the unit's frequency regulation capacity coefficient.

[0057] Furthermore, the aforementioned time-segmented capacity constraint construction module is also used for: Frequency modulation response time constraint:

[0058] Frequency modulation continuity constraints:

[0059] Time-of-use frequency modulation capacity coupling constraints:

[0060] Frequency modulation accuracy constraints:

[0061] in: For the unit exist Frequency modulation response time for a given period; for Response time required for the specified time period; For the unit exist Frequency modulation capacity during a given time period; For the unit exist The duration of frequency modulation during the time period; for Minimum frequency modulation energy requirement for a given time period; For the unit The maximum frequency modulation rate; For the unit exist Frequency deviation over time period; This refers to the frequency regulation accuracy coefficient of the generating unit; This is the system's rated frequency.

[0062] Furthermore, the aforementioned time-sharing capacity market settlement model construction module is also used for: Determining settlement prices in the capacity market:

[0063] Frequency modulation compensation price determined:

[0064] Calculation of unit settlement costs:

[0065] in: for Market clearing price for the specified time period; for Frequency adjustment compensation clearing price for the time period; for The dual variable of the time-period capacity constraint; for The dual variable of the time-period frequency modulation constraint; for System revenue distribution coefficients related to time-period capacity; for System revenue distribution coefficients related to time-of-use frequency regulation; For the unit exist The winning bid capacity for the specified time period; For the unit exist The winning frequency modulation capacity for the specified time period; For the unit exist Frequency modulation capability coefficient for a given time period.

[0066] This invention discloses a time-of-use capacity market optimization and clearing device based on frequency regulation response characteristics. Starting with innovation in the power market mechanism, it aims to minimize the total system cost. Considering the frequency regulation response characteristics and time-of-use capacity value of generating units, it constructs a time-of-use capacity market mechanism that includes frequency regulation capability assessment. By establishing a precise evaluation system for frequency regulation performance and a differentiated compensation mechanism, it enhances the participation enthusiasm of generating units with high-quality frequency regulation capabilities, achieves efficient allocation of frequency regulation resources, strengthens the system's ability to cope with new energy fluctuations, and improves the safe and stable operation of the power system.

[0067] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0068] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

Claims

1. A time-sharing capacity market optimization and clearing method based on frequency modulation response characteristics, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: obtaining frequency modulation response characteristic parameters and capacity market operation parameters of a unit, wherein the parameters comprise dynamic response characteristics, frequency modulation capability indexes and time-of-use capacity data of the unit; constructing a time-of-use capacity market objective function considering frequency modulation response characteristics, taking minimizing total system cost as an optimization target; constructing basic constraint conditions of the capacity market, including system capacity adequacy constraints and unit operation technology constraints; constructing time-of-use capacity constraints considering frequency modulation response characteristics, including frequency modulation capability constraints and time coupling constraints; constructing a settlement model of the time-of-use capacity market, realizing differentiated capacity compensation based on frequency modulation capability.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The step of constructing the time-of-use capacity market objective function considering frequency modulation response characteristics comprises: a target function expression for minimizing total system cost is: wherein a capacity procurement cost calculation formula is: a frequency modulation compensation cost calculation formula is: a system revenue calculation formula is: wherein, is the base capacity price of the time period; is the capacity purchase quantity of the time period; is the unit frequency modulation capacity coefficient; is the time-of-use price coefficient; is the frequency modulation compensation reference price; is the frequency modulation capacity of the t time period; is the reliability improvement benefit; is the frequency modulation performance improvement benefit.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The step of constructing the basic constraint conditions of the capacity market comprises: system capacity adequacy constraints: unit operation technology constraints, including: upper and lower limits of unit output constraints: time constraints of unit start and stop: climbing rate constraints: association constraints of frequency modulation capacity and unit output: wherein, is the unit at the time period; is the system demand at the time period; is the system capacity margin coefficient; is the unit at the time period; , are the minimum and maximum unit capacities, respectively; is the minimum unit start-up time; , are the unit ramp-up and ramp-down rates, respectively; is the unit at the time period; is the unit frequency regulation capacity coefficient.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The step of constructing the time-of-use capacity constraints considering frequency modulation response characteristics comprises: frequency modulation response time constraints: frequency modulation duration capability constraints: time-of-use frequency modulation capacity coupling constraints: frequency modulation accuracy constraints: wherein: is the unit in the frequency response time of the period; is the response time required for the period; is the unit in the frequency regulation capacity of the period; is the unit in the frequency regulation duration of the period; is the minimum frequency regulation energy requirement of the period; is the maximum frequency regulation rate of the unit ; is the unit in the frequency deviation of the period; is the unit frequency regulation accuracy coefficient; is the system rated frequency.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The step of constructing the settlement model of the time-of-use capacity market comprises: capacity market settlement price determination: frequency modulation compensation price determination: unit settlement cost calculation: in: for Market clearing price for the specified time period; for Frequency adjustment compensation clearing price for the time period; for The dual variable of the time-period capacity constraint; for The dual variable of the time-period frequency modulation constraint; for System revenue distribution coefficients related to time-period capacity; for System revenue distribution coefficients related to time-of-use frequency regulation; For the unit exist The winning bid capacity for the specified time period; For the unit exist The winning frequency modulation capacity for the specified time period; For the unit exist Frequency modulation capability coefficient for a given time period.

6. A frequency response characteristic-based, time-of-use capacity market optimization clearing device, comprising: The method comprises the following steps: a parameter acquisition module is configured to obtain frequency modulation response characteristic parameters and capacity market operation parameters of a unit, wherein the parameters comprise dynamic response characteristics, frequency modulation capability indexes and time-of-use capacity data of the unit; a time-of-use capacity market objective function construction module is configured to construct a time-of-use capacity market objective function considering frequency modulation response characteristics, taking minimizing total system cost as an optimization target; a basic constraint condition construction module is configured to construct basic constraint conditions of the capacity market, including system capacity adequacy constraints and unit operation technology constraints; a time-of-use capacity constraint construction module is configured to construct time-of-use capacity constraints considering frequency modulation response characteristics, including frequency modulation capability constraints and time coupling constraints; a time-of-use capacity market settlement model construction module is configured to construct a settlement model of the time-of-use capacity market, realizing differentiated capacity compensation based on frequency modulation capability.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein, The time-of-use capacity market objective function construction module is further configured to: a target function expression for minimizing total system cost is: wherein a capacity procurement cost calculation formula is: a frequency modulation compensation cost calculation formula is: a system revenue calculation formula is: wherein, is the base capacity price of the time period; is the capacity purchase quantity of the time period; is the unit frequency modulation capacity coefficient; is the time-of-use price coefficient; is the frequency modulation compensation reference price; is the frequency modulation capacity of the t time period; is the reliability improvement benefit; is the frequency modulation performance improvement benefit.

8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein, The basic constraint condition construction module is further configured to: system capacity adequacy constraints: unit operation technology constraints, including: upper and lower limits of unit output constraints: time constraints of unit start and stop: climbing rate constraints: association constraints of frequency modulation capacity and unit output: wherein, is the unit In the capacity of the unit; is the the system capacity requirement of the time period; is the system capacity margin coefficient; is the unit In the start-stop state variable of the unit in the time period; , are the minimum and maximum capacity of the unit, respectively; is the minimum start-up time of the unit; , are the up and down ramp rates of the unit, respectively; is the unit In the frequency modulation capacity of the unit in the time period; is the frequency modulation capacity coefficient of the unit.

9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein, The time-of-use capacity constraint construction module is further configured to: frequency modulation response time constraints: frequency modulation duration capability constraints: time-of-use frequency modulation capacity coupling constraints: frequency modulation accuracy constraints: wherein: is the unit in the frequency response time of the period; is the response time required for the period; is the unit in the frequency regulation capacity of the period; is the unit in the frequency regulation duration of the period; is the minimum frequency regulation energy requirement of the period; is the maximum frequency regulation rate of the unit ; is the unit in the frequency deviation of the period; is the unit frequency regulation accuracy coefficient; is the system rated frequency.

10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein, The time-of-use capacity market settlement model construction module is further configured to: capacity market settlement price determination: frequency modulation compensation price determination: unit settlement cost calculation: where: is the capacity market clearing price for the period; is the frequency regulation clearing price for the period; is the dual variable for the period capacity constraint; is the dual variable for the period frequency regulation constraint; is the system revenue sharing factor for the period capacity; is the system revenue sharing factor for the period frequency regulation; is the unit in the period; is the unit in the period; is the unit in the period;

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