A rail detection device for railway construction

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of railway construction technology and discloses a rail inspection device for railway construction, comprising: a rail body to be inspected, with grooves on both sides of the rail body, and a self-propelled drive unit installed on the rail body; further comprising: a revolution drive unit fixedly connected to the self-propelled drive unit, a detection shell provided on one side of the revolution drive unit, an ultrasonic flaw detector fixed to the top of the detection shell, a U-shaped plate fixed to the bottom of the detection shell, a swinging component installed at the bottom of the U-shaped plate, and an ultrasonic flaw detector head fixed to one end of the swinging component; this invention achieves automatic movement along the rail through the self-propelled drive unit, reducing the need for manual operation and greatly improving inspection efficiency; through the cooperation of the revolution drive unit and the adjustment unit, the position of the ultrasonic flaw detector head can be flexibly adjusted to ensure that it maintains the optimal detection distance with the rail surface, thereby improving inspection accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of railway construction technology, specifically to a rail inspection device used in railway construction. Background Technology

[0002] Locomotives and rolling stock are railway transportation vehicles that use the rotation of wheelsets to run on steel rails. Therefore, wheelsets are the most basic components among all the parts of locomotives and rolling stock. The wheel tread has a certain strength. When the wheel rotates on the rail, due to the shear pressure generated by the contact, the interior, which is a little deep from the surface, becomes the starting point of fatigue cracks, producing micro-cracks. Subsequently, under the influence of various load factors during operation, these micro-cracks develop into crescent-shaped cracks or peeling cracks.

[0003] Currently, existing technologies for detecting microcracks on railway tracks mainly rely on traditional manual inspection methods, requiring workers to walk along the tracks for inspection. This method has significant limitations: First, it is labor-intensive, requiring workers to walk outdoors for extended periods, especially during long-distance track inspections, resulting in significant physical exertion. Second, the inspection efficiency is low, as the speed of manual inspection is limited by the worker's walking speed and operational proficiency, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale, high-frequency inspections. Third, the inspection accuracy is unstable, affected by subjective factors such as the worker's experience level, visual fatigue, and concentration, easily leading to missed detections (such as failing to identify microcracks) and false detections (such as misjudging normal wear as defects), thus failing to guarantee the reliability of the inspection results. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rail inspection device for railway construction, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A rail inspection device for railway construction includes: a rail body to be inspected, the rail body having grooves on both sides, and a self-propelled drive unit installed on the rail body; it also includes: a revolution drive unit fixedly connected to the self-propelled drive unit, a detection shell provided on one side of the revolution drive unit, an ultrasonic flaw detector fixed to the top of the detection shell, a U-shaped plate fixed to the bottom of the detection shell, a swinging component installed at the bottom of the U-shaped plate, and an ultrasonic flaw detector head fixed to one end of the swinging component; and an adjustment unit installed between the detection shell and the revolution drive unit, the adjustment unit being used to adjust the distance between the ultrasonic flaw detector head and the rail body.

[0007] Preferably, the revolution drive unit includes a connecting frame, one end of which is fixed with an annular internal gear plate. An annular guide rail is provided on the inner side of the annular internal gear plate and is coaxially distributed therewith. A sliding block is slidably connected to the annular guide rail, and a rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the sliding block. One end of the rotating shaft is fixed with a gear that meshes with the annular internal gear plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to a geared motor via a coupling. The geared motor is fixedly connected to the adjustment unit.

[0008] Preferably, the adjustment unit includes an adjustment plate fixedly connected to the first geared motor, a second geared motor fixedly connected to the top of the adjustment plate, a lead screw fixedly connected to the output end of the second geared motor via a coupling, both ends of the lead screw being rotatably connected to the adjustment plate, a slide table threadedly connected to the outer side of the lead screw, a linear guide rail slidably connected to one side of the slide table, the linear guide rail being fixedly connected to the adjustment plate, and the end of the slide table away from the linear guide rail being fixedly connected to the detection shell via a fixing plate, and a first connecting plate fixedly attached to the top of the adjustment plate.

[0009] Preferably, the swinging component includes a second rotating shaft that is rotatably connected to the U-shaped plate. A swing arm is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the second rotating shaft. A fixed frame is fixed at one end of the swing arm. The ultrasonic flaw detector head is fixedly connected to one end of the fixed frame. A third geared motor is fixedly connected to one end of the second rotating shaft via a coupling. The third geared motor is fixedly connected to the U-shaped plate.

[0010] Preferably, a piston plate is slidably and sealed inside the detection housing, a piston rod is fixed to the top of the piston plate, and the top of the piston rod is fixedly connected to the connecting plate. An air inlet and an air outlet are connected to one side of the bottom of the detection housing via one-way valves. A hose is fixed to one end of the air outlet, and a cleaning nozzle is fixed to the end of the hose away from the air outlet. The cleaning nozzle is obliquely facing the ultrasonic flaw detector head, and a connecting plate is fixed to the outside of the cleaning nozzle. The connecting plate is fixedly connected to the fixing frame.

[0011] Preferably, the self-propelled drive unit includes drive wheels that fit against both sides of the top of the rail body, a drive shaft is fixedly connected between the drive wheels, a reduction motor is fixedly attached to one end of the drive shaft, and drive plates are rotatably connected to both sides of the drive shaft. The reduction motor is fixedly connected to the drive plate through a fixing plate.

[0012] Preferably, a connecting plate three is fixed to the side of the drive plate near the rail body, and a wiping block is fixed to the end of the connecting plate three away from the drive plate. The wiping block is fitted to the inner wall of the groove on the rail body.

[0013] Preferably, a limiting rod is fixed on the side of the adjusting plate near the annular guide rail, and an annular limiting groove is provided on the outer side of the annular guide rail, with one end of the limiting rod slidably connected in the annular limiting groove.

[0014] Preferably, the swing arm has a through groove, which is elongated.

[0015] Preferably, the ultrasonic flaw detector head is electrically connected to the ultrasonic flaw detector via a connecting wire, and the ultrasonic flaw detector has a display panel on its front side.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] 1. This invention achieves automatic movement along the rails through a self-propelled drive unit, reducing the need for manual operation and greatly improving detection efficiency. Through the cooperation of the revolution drive unit and the adjustment unit, the position of the ultrasonic flaw detector head can be flexibly adjusted to ensure that it maintains the optimal detection distance with the rail surface, thereby improving detection accuracy. In addition, the design of the swinging component allows the ultrasonic flaw detector head to swing within a certain angle range, further expanding the detection range and enabling precise detection of concave parts of the rails.

[0018] 2. By using the piston structure inside the detection shell and the setting of the cleaning nozzle, this invention can effectively remove dust or impurities from the surface of the flaw detector head, ensuring the stability of the detection process and the reliability of the results. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the revolution drive unit structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of region A in the middle;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment unit structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the swing component structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the self-propelled drive unit structure of the present invention.

[0026] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Rail body; 2. Self-propelled drive unit; 3. Revolution drive unit; 4. Inspection shell; 5. Ultrasonic flaw detector; 6. U-shaped plate; 7. Swinging component; 8. Ultrasonic flaw detector head; 9. Adjustment unit; 10. Connecting frame; 11. Annular internal toothed plate; 12. Annular guide rail; 13. Sliding block; 14. Rotating shaft one; 15. Gear; 16. Gearbox one; 17. Adjustment plate; 18. Gearbox two; 19. Lead screw; 20. 21. Slide table; 22. Linear guide rail; 23. Connecting plate one; 24. Rotating shaft two; 25. Swing arm; 26. Fixed frame; 27. Gear motor three; 28. Piston plate; 29. ​​Piston rod; 30. Air inlet; 31. Air outlet; 32. Hose; 33. Cleaning spray pipe; 34. Connecting plate two; 35. Drive wheel; 36. Drive shaft; 37. Gear motor four; 38. Drive plate; 39. Connecting plate three; 40. Wiping block; 41. Limiting rod; 42. Annular limiting groove; 43. Through groove. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] Please see Figures 1-7 The diagram shows a rail inspection device for railway construction, comprising: a rail body 1 to be inspected, the rail body 1 having grooves on both sides, and a self-propelled drive unit 2 installed on the rail body 1. The self-propelled drive unit 2 enables automatic movement along the rail, reducing the need for manual operation, greatly improving inspection efficiency, and reducing the labor intensity of manual inspection, making long-term and long-distance rail inspection tasks more feasible.

[0030] It also includes: a revolution drive unit 3 fixedly connected to the self-propelled drive unit 2; a detection shell 4 is provided on one side of the revolution drive unit 3; an ultrasonic flaw detector 5 is fixed to the top of the detection shell 4; a U-shaped plate 6 is fixed to the bottom of the detection shell 4; a swinging component 7 is installed at the bottom of the U-shaped plate 6; an ultrasonic flaw detector head 8 is fixed to one end of the swinging component 7; the ultrasonic flaw detector head 8 can swing flexibly within a certain angle range through the drive of the swinging component 7, thereby realizing comprehensive detection of different positions on the rail surface. This design not only expands the detection range, but also enables precise scanning of complex structures such as grooves and edges of the rail, ensuring no blind spots in the detection. At the same time, the operation of the revolution drive unit 3 allows the detection shell 4 to rotate around the rail body 1, further improving the adaptability and detection efficiency of the device.

[0031] The adjustment unit 9 is installed between the detection shell 4 and the revolution drive unit 3. The adjustment unit 9 is used to adjust the distance between the ultrasonic flaw detector head 8 and the rail body 1. The introduction of the adjustment unit 9 provides the ultrasonic flaw detector head 8 with a precise distance adjustment function, enabling it to optimize the detection distance in real time according to the specific conditions of the rail surface, and ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the detection data.

[0032] It is worth mentioning that during the inspection process, when the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic flaw detector head 8 reach the surface of the rail body 1, due to the difference in acoustic impedance between the rail body 1 and the surrounding medium (such as air), part of the ultrasonic waves are reflected at the interface between the tooth surface and the medium, forming interface reflection waves; the other part of the ultrasonic waves will enter the interior of the rail body 1 and continue to propagate. If there are defects such as micro-cracks, crescent-shaped cracks, or peeling cracks inside the rail body 1, due to the difference in acoustic impedance between the defects and the surrounding materials, the ultrasonic waves will again undergo reflection, refraction, and scattering when they come into contact with the defects. Among them, the reflected waves will propagate in the direction of the ultrasonic flaw detector head 8. After receiving the reflected ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic flaw detector head 8 converts them into electrical signals. The receiving circuit amplifies and filters these weak electrical signals. The time base circuit determines the position information corresponding to the reflected signal based on the propagation time of the ultrasonic waves. The processed signal is presented on the ultrasonic flaw detector 5 in the form of waveforms or images through the display circuit. The operator judges whether there are defects in the rail body 1 based on the displayed waveform characteristics, such as amplitude, wave shape, and position.

[0033] For further details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 and Figure 3The revolution drive unit 3 includes a connecting frame 10. One end of the connecting frame 10 is fixed with an annular internal gear plate 11. The inner side of the annular internal gear plate 11 is provided with an annular guide rail 12 that is coaxially distributed with it. A sliding block 13 is slidably connected to the annular guide rail 12. A rotating shaft 14 is rotatably connected to the sliding block 13. One end of the rotating shaft 14 is fixed with a gear 15 that meshes with the annular internal gear plate 11. The other end is fixedly connected to a reduction motor 16 through a coupling. The reduction motor 16 is fixedly connected to the adjustment unit 9.

[0034] Specifically, driven by the geared motor 16, the adjustment unit 9 achieves the revolution of the detection shell 4 around the rail body 1 through the meshing transmission of the gear 15 and the annular internal gear plate 11. This structural design ensures that the detection shell 4 remains stable during rotation and can precisely control its rotation angle and speed, thereby meeting different detection requirements. At the same time, the annular guide rail 12 provides reliable support and guidance for the sliding block 13, making the entire device run more smoothly and avoiding the impact of vibration or displacement on detection accuracy.

[0035] For further details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 4 The adjustment unit 9 includes an adjustment plate 17 fixedly connected to the first reduction motor 16. A second reduction motor 18 is fixedly connected to the top of the adjustment plate 17. The output end of the second reduction motor 18 is fixedly connected to a lead screw 19 via a coupling. Both ends of the lead screw 19 are rotatably connected to the adjustment plate 17. A slide table 20 is threadedly connected to the outer side of the lead screw 19. A linear guide rail 21 is slidably connected to one side of the slide table 20. The linear guide rail 21 is fixedly connected to the adjustment plate 17. The end of the slide table 20 away from the linear guide rail 21 is fixedly connected to the detection shell 4 via a fixing plate. A connecting plate 22 is fixedly fixed to the top of the adjustment plate 17.

[0036] In actual operation, when the ultrasonic flaw detector 8 rotates to the groove positions on both sides of the rail body 1, since the rail body 1 is a non-circular structure, the ultrasonic flaw detector 8 is far from the groove after detecting the top position of the rail body 1, and the detection angle of the ultrasonic flaw detector 8 is poor. At this time, by starting the second reduction motor 18 to rotate, the second reduction motor 18 drives the lead screw 19 to rotate, the lead screw 19 drives the slide 20 to move, and then drives the detection shell 4 to move, so that the ultrasonic flaw detector 8 on one side of the detection shell 4 can get closer to the grooves on both sides of the rail body 1 to perform more accurate detection work.

[0037] For further details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 5The swinging component 7 includes a second rotating shaft 23 rotatably connected to the U-shaped plate 6. A swing arm 24 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the second rotating shaft 23. A fixed frame 25 is fixed to one end of the swing arm 24. The ultrasonic flaw detector head 8 is fixedly connected to one end of the fixed frame 25. A third geared motor 26 is fixedly connected to one end of the second rotating shaft 23 through a coupling. The third geared motor 26 is fixedly connected to the U-shaped plate 6.

[0038] Specifically, when the ultrasonic flaw detector head 8 rotates to the groove positions on both sides of the rail body 1, the recessed positions on the upper and lower sides of the grooves are in the detection blind spots. At this time, when the reduction motor 26 starts, it drives the rotating shaft 23 to rotate, which in turn causes the swing arm 24 to swing around the rotating shaft 23. In this way, the ultrasonic flaw detector head 8 is adjusted to the recessed position on the upper and lower sides of the groove. This swinging action allows the ultrasonic flaw detector head 8 on the fixed frame 25 to flexibly adjust its position within a certain angle range, thereby better adapting to the complex shape of the rail surface. Especially when facing difficult-to-detect areas such as rail grooves or edges, the ultrasonic flaw detector head 8 can achieve multi-angle coverage by swinging, ensuring a comprehensive scan of these critical parts.

[0039] For further details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 7 The self-propelled drive unit 2 includes drive wheels 34 that are attached to both sides of the top of the rail body 1. A drive shaft 35 is fixedly connected between the drive wheels 34. A reduction motor 36 is fixed to one end of the drive shaft 35. A drive plate 37 is rotatably connected to both sides of the drive shaft 35. The reduction motor 36 is fixedly connected to the drive plate 37 through a fixing plate.

[0040] In practical applications, the operation of the geared motor 36 drives the drive shaft 35 to rotate, thereby causing the drive wheel 34 to roll along the top of the rail body 1, enabling the entire device to move autonomously. This not only ensures that the equipment can move smoothly on the rail but also improves inspection efficiency, making it particularly suitable for inspection tasks on long-distance track lines. Furthermore, the drive wheel 34's movement along the rail body 1 simulates the motion between a train and the rail, allowing it to roll even on non-straight rails, thus ensuring the inspection device remains adaptable to complex track structures such as curves. In addition, the close contact between the drive wheel 34 and the rail surface enhances friction, effectively preventing slippage and further improving the stability and reliability of the movement.

[0041] It should be noted that, for reference Figure 3A limiting rod 40 is fixed to the side of the adjusting plate 17 near the annular guide rail 12. An annular limiting groove 41 is formed on the outer side of the annular guide rail 12. One end of the limiting rod 40 is slidably connected in the annular limiting groove 41. The matching design of the limiting rod 40 and the annular limiting groove 41 prevents the adjusting plate 17 from shifting or shaking during movement, thereby ensuring the operational stability of the entire device. In addition, the sliding connection of the limiting rod 40 allows the adjusting plate 17 to move smoothly on the annular guide rail 12 while maintaining good guidance, further optimizing the overall performance of the device.

[0042] For further details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 5 The swing arm 24 has a through groove 42, which is elongated. The designed through groove 42 reduces the mass of the swing arm 24 and the inertial force generated during swinging, thereby improving the smoothness and accuracy of the swing component 7. This structural optimization not only helps to reduce energy consumption, but also effectively avoids mechanical wear caused by excessive mass of the swing arm 24, extending the service life of the equipment.

[0043] Additionally, see Figure 1 The ultrasonic flaw detector head 8 is electrically connected to the ultrasonic flaw detector 5 via a connecting wire, ensuring that the detection signal can be transmitted to the display panel in real time for analysis and display. The display panel is designed to be intuitive and clear, facilitating operators to quickly obtain detection results and make judgments. Meanwhile, the high sensitivity and stability of the ultrasonic flaw detector 5 ensure the reliability and accuracy of the detection data, providing a scientific basis for track quality assessment in railway construction.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] Please see Figure 7 This embodiment further explains Example 1, with the difference being that the structure of the self-propelled drive unit 2 is optimized.

[0046] Specifically, the self-propelled drive unit 2 includes drive wheels 34 that are fitted to both sides of the top of the rail body 1. A drive shaft 35 is fixedly connected between the drive wheels 34. A reduction motor 36 is fixed to one end of the drive shaft 35. A drive plate 37 is rotatably connected to both sides of the drive shaft 35. The reduction motor 36 is fixedly connected to the drive plate 37 through a fixing plate. A connecting plate 38 is fixed to the side of the drive plate 37 near the rail body 1. A wiping block 39 is fixed to the end of the connecting plate 38 away from the drive plate 37. The wiping block 39 is fitted to the inner wall of the groove on the rail body 1.

[0047] In practical applications, the wiping block 39 effectively removes dust, dirt, or other impurities from the inner wall of the groove on the rail body 1, ensuring the rail surface remains clean. This not only improves the detection accuracy of the ultrasonic flaw detector 8 but also reduces the risk of misjudgment due to interference from impurities. Simultaneously, the connecting plate 38 between the wiping block 39 and the drive plate 37 employs a rigid fixing design, ensuring that the wiping block 39 maintains a good fit with the inner wall of the rail groove as it moves with the drive wheel 34. Even when facing curves or uneven tracks, it achieves a uniform cleaning effect. Furthermore, the wiping block 39 is made of a wear-resistant and elastic material, ensuring cleaning efficiency while avoiding damage to the rail surface, thereby extending the rail's service life.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] Please see Figure 6 This embodiment further illustrates Example 1, with the difference being the optimization of the structure of the detection shell 4.

[0050] Specifically, a piston plate 27 is slidably and sealed inside the detection shell 4. A piston rod 28 is fixed to the top of the piston plate 27. The top of the piston rod 28 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 22. An air inlet 29 and an air outlet 30 are connected to the bottom side of the detection shell 4 through a one-way valve. A hose 31 is fixed to one end of the air outlet 30. A cleaning nozzle 32 is fixed to the end of the hose 31 away from the air outlet 30. The cleaning nozzle 32 is obliquely facing the ultrasonic flaw detector head 8. A connecting plate 33 is fixed to the outside of the cleaning nozzle 32. The connecting plate 33 is fixedly connected to the fixing frame 25.

[0051] In actual operation, when the detection shell 4 moves up and down, relative movement occurs between the piston plate 27 and the detection shell 4, resulting in pressure changes within the detection shell 4. Specifically, when the detection shell 4 moves downward, the internal space of the detection shell 4 increases, the air pressure decreases, and external air is drawn into the detection shell 4 through the air inlet 29; conversely, when the detection shell 4 moves upward, the internal space of the detection shell 4 decreases, the air pressure increases, and the gas is forced into the hose 31 through the air outlet 30 and finally ejected from the cleaning nozzle 32. The nozzle of the cleaning nozzle 32 is angled towards the surface of the ultrasonic flaw detector head 8, effectively removing dust or fine impurities adhering to the surface of the flaw detector head. Especially during long-term continuous testing, the flaw detector head is easily contaminated by external environmental factors, which directly affects the accuracy and stability of the detection signal. Through the purging of the cleaning nozzle 32, the surface of the flaw detector head can always be kept clean, thereby ensuring the reliability of the detection data.

[0052] In addition, the connecting plate 33 tightly connects the cleaning nozzle 32 to the fixed frame 25, so that the cleaning nozzle 32 can move synchronously with the fixed frame 25, ensuring that the cleaning nozzle 32 always maintains the best relative position with the ultrasonic flaw detector head 8. No matter how the flaw detector head swings or adjusts its angle, the cleaning nozzle 32 can accurately aim at its surface for cleaning.

[0053] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0054] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rail inspection device for railway construction, comprising: The rail body (1) to be tested has grooves on both sides and a self-propelled drive unit (2) is installed on the rail body (1). Its characteristic is that it further includes: A revolution drive unit (3) is fixedly connected to the self-propelled drive unit (2). A detection shell (4) is provided on one side of the revolution drive unit (3). An ultrasonic flaw detector (5) is fixed on the top of the detection shell (4). A U-shaped plate (6) is fixed on the bottom of the detection shell (4). A swinging component (7) is installed on the bottom of the U-shaped plate (6). An ultrasonic flaw detector head (8) is fixed on one end of the swinging component (7). An adjustment unit (9) is installed between the detection shell (4) and the revolution drive unit (3). The adjustment unit (9) is used to adjust the distance between the ultrasonic flaw detector (8) and the rail body (1). The revolution drive unit (3) includes a connecting frame (10), one end of which is fixed with an annular internal gear plate (11). The inner side of the annular internal gear plate (11) is provided with an annular guide rail (12) that is coaxially distributed with it. A sliding block (13) is slidably connected to the annular guide rail (12). A rotating shaft (14) is rotatably connected to the sliding block (13). One end of the rotating shaft (14) is fixed with a gear (15) that meshes with the annular internal gear plate (11), and the other end is fixedly connected to a geared motor (16) through a coupling. The geared motor (16) is fixedly connected to the adjustment unit (9). The adjustment unit (9) includes an adjustment plate (17) fixedly connected to the first geared motor (16). The top of the adjustment plate (17) is fixedly connected to the second geared motor (18). The output end of the second geared motor (18) is fixedly connected to a lead screw (19) via a coupling. Both ends of the lead screw (19) are rotatably connected to the adjustment plate (17). The outer side of the lead screw (19) is threadedly connected to a slide (20). A linear guide rail (21) is slidably connected to one side of the slide (20). The linear guide rail (21) is fixedly connected to the adjustment plate (17). The end of the slide (20) away from the linear guide rail (21) is fixedly connected to the detection shell (4) via a fixing plate. A connecting plate (22) is fixedly attached to the top of the adjustment plate (17). The swing component (7) includes a second rotating shaft (23) rotatably connected to the U-shaped plate (6). A swing arm (24) is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the second rotating shaft (23). A fixed frame (25) is fixed at one end of the swing arm (24). The ultrasonic flaw detector (8) is fixedly connected to one end of the fixed frame (25). A third geared motor (26) is fixedly connected to one end of the second rotating shaft (23) through a coupling. The third geared motor (26) is fixedly connected to the U-shaped plate (6). The inside of the detection shell (4) is connected to a piston plate (27) with a sliding seal. A piston rod (28) is fixed to the top of the piston plate (27). The top of the piston rod (28) is fixedly connected to the connecting plate (22). The bottom side of the detection shell (4) is connected to an air inlet (29) and an air outlet (30) through a one-way valve. A hose (31) is fixed to one end of the air outlet (30). A cleaning nozzle (32) is fixed to the end of the hose (31) away from the air outlet (30). The cleaning nozzle (32) is obliquely facing the ultrasonic flaw detector (8). A connecting plate (33) is fixed to the outside of the cleaning nozzle (32). The connecting plate (33) is fixedly connected to the fixing frame (25).

2. The rail inspection device for railway construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-propelled drive unit (2) includes drive wheels (34) attached to the top two sides of the rail body (1), a drive shaft (35) is fixedly connected between the drive wheels (34), a reduction motor (36) is fixed at one end of the drive shaft (35), and a drive plate (37) is rotatably connected to both sides of the drive shaft (35). The reduction motor (36) is fixedly connected to the drive plate (37) through a fixing plate.

3. A rail inspection device for railway construction according to claim 2, characterized in that: A connecting plate three (38) is fixed on the side of the drive plate (37) near the rail body (1). A wiping block (39) is fixed on the end of the connecting plate three (38) away from the drive plate (37). The wiping block (39) is fitted to the inner wall of the groove on the rail body (1).

4. A rail inspection device for railway construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting plate (17) has a limiting rod (40) fixed on one side near the annular guide rail (12). An annular limiting groove (41) is provided on the outer side of the annular guide rail (12). One end of the limiting rod (40) is slidably connected in the annular limiting groove (41).

5. A rail inspection device for railway construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The swing arm (24) has a through groove (42) which is elongated.

6. A rail inspection device for railway construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic flaw detector head (8) is electrically connected to the ultrasonic flaw detector (5) via a connecting wire. The ultrasonic flaw detector (5) has a display panel on its front side.

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