A communication method, a communication device, and a communication system

Abstract

The application provides a communication method, a communication device and a communication system. The method can be applied to a sensing and communication integrated scene. In the method, a pilot signal is configured on each antenna of a sending end. A receiving end transforms a received pilot signal into a DAFT domain, and estimates a time delay, a Doppler and an angle according to a signal in the DAFT domain. The method can jointly estimate the time delay, the Doppler and the angle of each transmission path in a same parameter domain, and reduce pilot cost and error propagation while realizing high-precision channel estimation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and more particularly to a communication method, communication device, and communication system. Background Technology

[0002] In 5G, 6G mobile communications, and future communication systems, sensing integration is a crucial application scenario. Sensing integration involves completing communication and sensing tasks within a single wireless system. The transmitted signal must reliably transmit data while also detecting parameters such as distance, speed, temperature, and humidity of targets in the environment. Signals must travel through complex paths within the communication network to reach the receiver. To achieve high-precision sensing, the estimation of path parameters within the communication system—i.e., channel estimation—is critical. How to perform channel estimation to obtain accurate path parameters is a problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a communication method, communication device, and communication system that can reduce estimation errors and achieve high-precision channel estimation.

[0004] Firstly, a communication method is provided. This method can be executed by a receiving device, or by a component (such as a circuit, chip, or chip system) configured in the receiving device, or by a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the receiving device. This application does not limit this approach. The following description uses a receiving device as an example.

[0005] The method includes: receiving a first pilot signal; extracting a second pilot signal in the DAFT domain from the first pilot signal; and estimating path parameters for each transmission path based on the second pilot signal, wherein the path parameters include time delay, Doppler, and angle.

[0006] In this method, the time delay, Doppler effect, and angle of each transmission path are obtained through a pilot signal, and the three types of information, time delay, Doppler effect, and angle, are jointly estimated in the same parameter domain. This reduces pilot overhead and error propagation while achieving high-precision channel estimation.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, estimating the path parameters of each transmission path based on the second pilot signal includes: obtaining the time delay and Doppler integer part of the first transmission path by peak detection; and obtaining the Doppler fractional part and angle of the first transmission path by correlation matching.

[0008] In this method, the first step is to coarsely estimate the time delay and integer Doppler, and the second step is to jointly estimate the fractional Doppler and angle, which avoids the interference of fractional Doppler on angle estimation and achieves higher estimation accuracy.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, obtaining the delay and Doppler integer portion of the first transmission path through peak detection includes:

[0010] The estimated delay value of the first transmission path is obtained. ; Obtain the Doppler integer part estimate of the first transmission path. Where z is the peak index, For maximum normalized Doppler, N is the number of subcarriers. The slope of the AFDM subcarrier.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, obtaining the Doppler fractional part and angle of the first transmission path through a correlation matching method includes: traversing within a first Doppler range at a first resolution and within a first angle range at a second resolution to search for the optimal Doppler fractional part and the optimal angle, thereby achieving the first objective; wherein the first objective includes: maximizing the correlation between the reconstructed path of the first transmission path obtained based on the Doppler fractional part and angle and the residual signal in the second pilot signal corresponding to the first transmission path.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the first objective is: ;in, This is the estimated value of the Doppler fractional portion of the first transmission path. This is the estimated angle value for the first transmission path. The reconstructed path of the first transmission path is obtained based on the Doppler fractional part of the first transmission path and the angle. This is the residual signal from the second pilot signal after removing the path gain from which parameter estimation has been completed.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the first Doppler range includes greater than or equal to and less than or equal to The first angle range includes greater than or equal to and less than or equal to ;in, This represents the maximum value of the normalized Doppler fraction on each transmission path. This represents the maximum angle along each transmission path.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the method further includes: receiving a first parameter, the first parameter including a reference pilot index, pilot spacing, number of antennas, scrambling code ID, and pilot anchor point. Thus, the pilot signal can be parsed based on the first parameter.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, multiple pilot signals from multiple antennas at the transmitting end are received; the pilot spacing between pilot signals from adjacent antennas is the spread range of the pilot signals in the DAFT domain after transmission through the channel.

[0016] In this method, the pilot signal is configured in the AFDM domain and includes time delay and Doppler information. Furthermore, the pilot signal is configured on each antenna and includes angle information. Thus, the receiver can deduce time delay, Doppler, and angle from the pilot signal, resolving all three types of information within the same domain, reducing pilot overhead and error propagation. Moreover, the pilot spacing is the spread range of the pilot signal at the receiver, meaning the pilot signals are orthogonal on each antenna, further reducing pilot overhead and inter-antenna interference, achieving high-precision channel estimation.

[0017] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the pilot spacing is: ;in, For maximum normalized delay, For maximum normalized Doppler.

[0018] Secondly, a communication method is provided, which can be executed by a transmitting device, or by a component (such as a circuit, chip, or chip system) configured in the transmitting device, or by a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the transmitting device. This application does not limit this approach. The following description uses a transmitting device (such as a base station) as an example.

[0019] The method includes: transmitting pilot signals to a first receiving end from each of multiple antennas; wherein the pilot interval between the pilot signals of adjacent antennas is and the spread range of the pilot signals in the DAFT domain after transmission through the channel is .

[0020] In this method, a pilot signal is configured on each antenna, and the interval between the pilot signals is the diffusion range of the pilot signal in the DAFT domain after transmission through the channel. In this way, the diffusion regions of different pilot signals can form a good orthogonal structure in the DAFT domain, ensuring that the pilot responses on different antennas are orthogonal, thereby reducing pilot overhead.

[0021] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one possible implementation, the pilot spacing is: ;in, For maximum normalized delay, For maximum normalized Doppler.

[0022] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one possible implementation, multiple pilot signals are carried on subcarriers of a chirp structure. The frequency of the chirp subcarriers increases linearly with time, exhibiting high tolerance to multipath propagation and strong resistance to Doppler shift. Based on the transmission characteristics of the chirp subcarriers, the aforementioned pilot spacing is obtained.

[0023] The second aspect is the implementation on the transmitting end equipment side, which corresponds to the first aspect. The explanations, supplements, and descriptions of the beneficial effects of the first aspect also apply to the second aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0024] Thirdly, a communication device is provided, comprising a processing module and a transceiver module. The transceiver module is used to receive a first pilot signal; the processing module is used to extract a second pilot signal from the first pilot signal, the second pilot signal being a signal in the DAFT domain; the processing module is also used to estimate path parameters for each transmission path based on the second pilot signal, wherein the path parameters include time delay, Doppler, and angle.

[0025] Fourthly, a communication device is provided, comprising a transceiver module. The transceiver module is used to transmit pilot signals to a first receiving end from each of a plurality of antennas; wherein the pilot spacing between pilot signals of adjacent antennas is and the spread range of the pilot signals in the DAFT domain after transmission through the channel is .

[0026] The third and fourth aspects are the implementation on the device side corresponding to the first and second aspects. The explanations, supplements, and descriptions of the beneficial effects of the first and second aspects also apply to the third and fourth aspects, and will not be repeated here.

[0027] Fifthly, a communication device is provided, including a processor. The processor is coupled to a memory and can be used to execute instructions or data in the memory to implement the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect described above. Optionally, the communication device further includes a memory. Optionally, the communication device further includes a communication interface, and the processor is coupled to the communication interface.

[0028] In one implementation, the communication interface may be a transceiver, or an input / output interface.

[0029] In another implementation, the communication device is a chip configured in the receiving device. When the communication device is a chip configured in the receiving device, the communication interface can be an input / output interface.

[0030] In a sixth aspect, a communication device is provided, including a processor. The processor is coupled to a memory and can be used to execute instructions or data in the memory to implement the method in any possible implementation of the second aspect described above. Optionally, the communication device further includes a memory. Optionally, the communication device further includes a communication interface, and the processor is coupled to the communication interface.

[0031] In one implementation, the communication interface may be a transceiver, or an input / output interface.

[0032] In another implementation, the communication device is a chip configured in the transmitting device. When the communication device is a chip configured in the transmitting device, the communication interface can be an input / output interface.

[0033] In a seventh aspect, a processor is provided, comprising: an input circuit, an output circuit, and a processing circuit. The processing circuit is configured to receive signals through the input circuit and transmit signals through the output circuit, causing the processor to execute a method in any possible implementation of any aspect.

[0034] In specific implementation, the processor can be one or more chips, the input circuit can be input pins, the output circuit can be output pins, and the processing circuit can be transistors, gate circuits, flip-flops, and various logic circuits. The input signal received by the input circuit can be received and input by, for example, but not limited to, a receiver, and the signal output by the output circuit can be, for example, but not limited to, output to and transmitted by a transmitter. Furthermore, the input circuit and the output circuit can be the same circuit, which is used as both the input circuit and the output circuit at different times. This application does not limit the specific implementation of the processor and various circuits.

[0035] Eighthly, a communication device is provided, including a processor and a memory. The processor is used to read instructions stored in the memory, receive signals via a receiver, and transmit signals via a transmitter to execute the method in any possible implementation of any of the preceding aspects.

[0036] Optionally, the processor may be one or more, and the memory may be one or more.

[0037] Ninthly, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product comprising: a computer program (also referred to as code or instructions) that, when the computer program is run, causes a computer to perform a method in any possible implementation of any of the above aspects.

[0038] In a tenth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided that stores a computer program (also referred to as code or instructions) that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the methods in any possible implementation of any of the preceding aspects.

[0039] Eleventhly, embodiments of this application provide a chip system including one or more processors for calling and executing instructions stored in memory, causing the methods in any of the above aspects or possible implementations to be executed. The chip system may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices.

[0040] The chip system may include input circuits or interfaces for transmitting information or data, and output circuits or interfaces for receiving information or data.

[0041] In a twelfth aspect, a communication system is provided, including the aforementioned transmitting device and receiving device. Optionally, the communication system may further include other devices that communicate with the transmitting device and / or the receiving device. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a communication system used in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the architecture of a network device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the time-frequency characteristics of an AFDM subcarrier provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the pilot positions and diffusion range of adjacent antennas provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 6 This application provides a schematic diagram of pilot spacing between adjacent antennas.

[0048] Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the correlation of adjacent antenna pilots and pilot spacing, provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 8 A schematic diagram illustrating a process for transmitting pilot parameters provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 9A schematic diagram of a path parameter estimation process provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 10 A schematic diagram illustrating another process for transmitting pilot parameters provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 11 A schematic block diagram of a communication device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0053] Figure 12 Another schematic block diagram of the communication device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] The technical solutions provided in this application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) systems, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) systems, sidelink communication systems, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) communication systems, non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication systems, 5th generation (5G) mobile communication systems, or new radio access technology (NR). Among these, 5G mobile communication systems can include non-standalone (NSA) and / or standalone (SA) networking. The technical solutions provided in this application can also be applied to future communication systems. This application does not limit the scope of these applications.

[0056] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a communication system used in an embodiment of this application. The communication system 100 may include network devices, such as… Figure 1 The network device 110 is shown. The communication system 100 may also include terminal devices, such as... Figure 1 The terminal device 120 shown. The network device 110 and the terminal device 120 can communicate via a wireless link.

[0057] Figure 1 An exemplary network device 110 and a terminal device 120 are shown. Optionally, the communication system 100 may also include multiple network devices and / or multiple terminal devices.

[0058] The network equipment in this application can be network-side equipment such as access network equipment and core network equipment. Access network equipment is sometimes also called access node. Access network equipment has wireless transceiver capabilities and is used to communicate with terminal equipment. Access network equipment includes, but is not limited to, base stations, evolved NodeBs (eNodeBs), transmission reception points (TRPs) in the above-mentioned communication systems, next-generation NodeBs (gNBs) in 5G mobile communication systems, access network equipment or modules of access network equipment in open RAN (ORAN) systems, satellites in NTN communication systems, base stations in future mobile communication systems, or access nodes in Wi-Fi systems. Access network equipment can also be modules or units capable of implementing some of the functions of a base station. Access network equipment can be macro base stations, micro base stations, or indoor stations, relay nodes or donor nodes, or wireless controllers in cloud radioaccess network (CRAN) scenarios. Optionally, access network equipment can also be servers, wearable devices, or vehicle-mounted equipment, etc. For example, the access network equipment in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology can be a roadside unit (RSU). Multiple access network devices in a communication system can be base stations of the same type or different types. Base stations can communicate with terminal devices directly or via relay stations. Terminal devices can communicate with multiple base stations using different access technologies. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technology or device form used in the access network equipment. In this application, the access network equipment is referred to as a network device.

[0059] In this application, the means for implementing the functions of a network device can be a network device itself, or a means capable of supporting the network device in implementing those functions, such as a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system. This means can be installed in or connected to the network device. In the technical solutions provided in this application, the example of a network device being used to implement the functions of a network device is used to describe the technical solutions provided in this application.

[0060] The terminal device in this application can be a wireless terminal device capable of receiving network device scheduling and instruction information. The wireless terminal device can be a device providing voice and / or data connectivity to a user, a handheld device with wireless connectivity, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem. For example, the terminal device can communicate with one or more core networks or the Internet via a radio access network (RAN). The terminal device can also be referred to as a terminal, user equipment (UE), mobile station, mobile terminal, etc. Terminal devices can be widely used in various scenarios, such as device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), Internet of Things (IoT), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grids, smart furniture, smart offices, smart wearables, smart transportation, smart cities, or satellite communication, etc. The terminal can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, computer with wireless transceiver capabilities, wearable device, vehicle, aircraft (such as drone, helicopter, airplane), hot air balloon, ship, robot, robotic arm, or smart home device, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit the form of the terminal device.

[0061] In this application, the apparatus for implementing the functions of a terminal device can be the terminal device itself, or any apparatus capable of supporting the terminal device in implementing those functions, such as a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system. This apparatus can be installed in or connected to the terminal device. In the technical solutions provided in this application, the example of a terminal device being used to implement the functions of a terminal device is used to describe the technical solutions provided in this application.

[0062] Access network equipment and / or terminal equipment can be fixed or mobile. They can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; on water; or in the air on aircraft, balloons, and satellites. This application does not limit the application scenarios of the access network equipment and terminal equipment. They can be deployed in the same or different scenarios; for example, both can be deployed on land simultaneously; or the access network equipment can be deployed on land while the terminal equipment is deployed on water, etc., and so on.

[0063] In practical applications, multiple network devices can work together to assist terminals in achieving wireless access, with different network devices each performing some of the functions of a base station. Figure 2 This diagram illustrates one possible network device architecture. For example, a network device can be a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a CU-control plane (CP), a CU-user plane (UP), or a radio unit (RU), etc. The CU and DU can be separate entities or included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). The RU can be included in radio frequency equipment or radio frequency units, such as a remote radio unit (RRU), an active antenna unit (AAU), or a remote radio head (RRH).

[0064] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, in an ORAN system, CU can also be called O-CU (Open CU), DU can also be called O-DU, CU-CP can also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can also be called O-CU-UP, and RU can also be called O-RU. Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software and hardware modules. CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, and RU can implement different protocol layer functions.

[0065] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, the terminology used in this application will be briefly explained first. Optionally, the explanation of some terms may also refer to the explanations in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard protocol.

[0066] 1. Pilot signal

[0067] Pilot signals, also known simply as pilot signals, are often referred to as reference signals (RS) in communication protocols. They are a special signal known to the transmitter and anticipated by the receiver in a wireless communication system.

[0068] 2. Channel estimation

[0069] During transmission, wireless signals encounter objects such as walls, trees, and buildings, resulting in reflection, refraction, and scattering. Movement also causes the Doppler effect, introducing interference and noise. Consequently, the signal received by the receiver differs significantly from the signal transmitted by the transmitter.

[0070] Channel estimation is the process of calculating the transmission characteristics of a channel, such as delay, frequency offset, and gain, based on the signals received at the receiver and the known signals emitted by the transmitter.

[0071] Among them, the pilot signal can be used for channel estimation. The receiver knows the pilot signal in advance, and when it receives the pilot signal that has been distorted after being transmitted through the channel, it can deduce the channel parameters based on the difference between the received signal and the pilot signal.

[0072] For example, the transmission model of a wireless communication system can be represented by the following formula:

[0073] ;

[0074] Where x represents the signal transmitted from the transmitter; for example, x is a pilot signal. H is the channel matrix, which is the object of channel estimation and represents channel characteristics, including channel gain, phase offset, frequency offset, and time delay. W represents the noise mixed in during signal transmission. y is the distorted signal actually received by the receiver.

[0075] If the receiver knows x and y, it can estimate H.

[0076] Understandably, after a signal is emitted by the transmitting end, the signal may reach the receiving end through multiple transmission paths (also called paths). The channel parameters on different transmission paths are different. That is, the channel parameters can include the parameters of multiple transmission paths. In this application, the channel parameters on a single transmission path are referred to as transmission path parameters (also called path parameters).

[0077] The receiver obtains channel parameters through channel estimation, and can then reconstruct the data transmitted by the transmitter based on the received signal during subsequent data transmission.

[0078] 3. Affine Frequency Division Multiplexing (AFDM)

[0079] AFDM is a novel multi-carrier waveform technology suitable for next-generation wireless communications such as 6G. It uses discrete affine fourier transform (DAFT) to modulate and demodulate signals, and can adapt to high-speed mobile and bi-dispersive (delay-Doppler spread) channels.

[0080] Specifically, at the transmitting end, the data symbols are mapped to the distorted time-frequency domain (affine domain) using the inverse discrete affine Fourier transform (IDAFT), and the data is loaded onto a series of chirp subcarriers. At the receiving end, the signal with channel distortion is received on the corresponding subcarrier, demodulated to the time domain using the discrete affine Fourier transform (DAFT), and then the data symbols are recovered using the channel parameters.

[0081] 4. Chirp signal

[0082] A chirp signal is a signal whose frequency varies linearly with time. Each subcarrier in an AFDM is a chirp with a specific slope and a specific initial frequency.

[0083] It should be understood that the technical terms used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and not as limiting. For example, as technology evolves, technical terms may also change, and other technical terms that have the same technical meaning should also apply to this application.

[0084] Currently, in 5G mobile communication systems or new radio access technology (NR), channel estimation is typically performed in the time and frequency domains based on demodulation reference signals (DM-RS) to obtain time-domain information (such as delay) and frequency-domain information (such as frequency offset) of the transmission path. Angle estimation can also be performed based on channel state information-reference signals (CSI-RS) to obtain angle information of the transmission path. In other words, transmission path parameters, including delay, frequency offset, and angle, are obtained. However, the structural separation of DM-RS and CSI-RS pilot signals leads to high pilot overhead and a lengthy estimation link. Especially in high-speed scenarios, 5G NR primarily uses high-density pilots to combat fast fading, further increasing pilot overhead.

[0085] Current integrated sensing waveforms typically employ a "domain-specific estimation" approach for channel estimation. First, the time delay and Doppler amplitude are estimated in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain. Then, angle information is independently extracted in the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) dimension based on peak search or grid search. Because each parameter is processed separately in different domains, errors gradually propagate and accumulate in the link, affecting the overall sensing accuracy.

[0086] In view of this, this application provides a communication method for affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) waveforms, which jointly estimates three types of information, namely time delay, Doppler, and angle, in the same parameter domain, such as the affine domain (i.e., the DAFT domain), thereby reducing pilot overhead and error propagation while maintaining high accuracy.

[0087] The solution provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the corresponding flowcharts. It is understood that the illustrative flowcharts provided in this application primarily use different devices (e.g., terminal devices, network devices) as examples of the execution subjects of this interactive illustration to illustrate the method, but this application does not limit the execution subjects of the interactive illustrations. For example, the devices (e.g., terminal devices, network devices) in the illustrative flowcharts can also be chips, chip systems, or processors that support the implementation of this method on the device, or logic modules or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the device.

[0088] As a general statement, the message or signaling interactions involved in the interaction process of this application embodiment can be standard messages or signaling or newly introduced messages or signaling. This application embodiment does not make specific limitations on this.

[0089] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. It is understood that the communication method provided in this application can be applied to scenarios where a terminal device sends signals to a network device, i.e., the transmitting end is the terminal device and the receiving end is the network device; it can also be applied to scenarios where a network device sends signals to a terminal device, i.e., the transmitting end is the network device and the receiving end is the terminal device. The following embodiments of this application will be described in detail using the network device as the transmitting end and the terminal device as the receiving end as an example. The implementation of the terminal device as the transmitting end and the network device as the receiving end can be referred to the methods in the following embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0090] Understandable. Figure 3 The terminal device in the middle can be Figure 1 Any terminal device in the context of network equipment can refer to any component within that terminal device (such as a processor, chip, or chip system). Network equipment can be... Figure 1 Any access network device, or a component within an access network device (such as a processor, chip, or chip system). Figure 3 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0091] S301. Network equipment determines pilot parameters.

[0092] Pilot parameters include reference pilot index, pilot spacing, pilot anchor point, number of antennas, scrambling code identifier (scrambling code ID), etc.

[0093] In some embodiments, the network device determines the pilot spacing of adjacent antennas based on the symbol shift characteristics of AFDM, ensuring that the coverage areas of pilots on different antennas do not interfere with each other, thereby improving the signal-to-dryness ratio of the received pilots. This will be described in detail below.

[0094] For example, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the time-frequency characteristics of an AFDM subcarrier, provided as an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 As shown, the network device transmits signals with N subcarriers, each of which is a chirp signal, meaning the frequency f increases linearly with time t. The symbol duration is T, and the time interval between two adjacent subcarriers is T / 2N. The subcarrier spacing is... f, influenced by the sampling rate fs, the subcarrier frequency ranges from 0 to fs. The slope of the chirp signal is the same for each subcarrier. For example, as... Figure 4As shown, at time t=0, the frequency of subcarrier 1 starts from 0 and increases linearly with t, reaching a maximum frequency of fs; at time T / 2, the frequency of subcarrier 1 again starts from 0 and increases linearly with t. At time t=0, the frequency of subcarrier N starts from (N-1). Starting with f, the frequency increases linearly with the change of t, reaching a maximum frequency of fs; at time T / 2N, the frequency of subcarrier N starts from 0 again and increases linearly with the change of t.

[0095] In a chirp structure, subcarriers cause symbol shifting in AFDM after transmission through the channel. For example, placing a data symbol on subcarrier 1, with a delay of 0, results in a Doppler shift of Δ. After matched filtering at the receiving end, data symbols will be demodulated on subcarrier 2; if the time delay is T / 2N and the Doppler is 0, the receiving end will demodulate data symbols on subcarrier N.

[0096] For a specific transmission path d, the delay is Doppler is Normalized delay Normalized Doppler The normalized Doppler can also be denoted as fd. d , For the integer part of Doppler (integer Doppler). This is the fractional Doppler part (fractional Doppler). Therefore, the cyclic shift distance of the data symbol after transmission through the channel is... ,in, For example, the slope of the AFDM subcarrier. Values , This represents the maximum value of the integer part of the Doppler signal on each transmission path.

[0097] Considering the maximum normalized delay of a multipath random channel is Maximum normalized Doppler is From the cyclic shift distance Analysis in Chinese:

[0098] When fixed delay hour, The corresponding coverage area is ;

[0099] When fixed Doppler At that time, for every 1 increase in latency, Increase That is, different time delays The coverage areas will not overlap, and the total coverage area is... .

[0100] Based on this, for example, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the pilot positions and diffusion range of adjacent antennas, provided as an embodiment of this application. (Reference) Figure 5 If the pilot index of the i-th antenna at the transmitting end is p, then the initial point (i.e., the pilot anchor point) of the diffusion range at the receiving end is: The spread range of the pilot signal of the i-th antenna after transmission through the channel is: Similarly, the pilot index of the (i+1)th antenna at the transmitter is... Then the initial point of the receiver's diffusion range (i.e., the pilot anchor point) is: The spread range of the pilot signal of the (i+1)th antenna after transmission through the channel is: .

[0101] Because of the fixed geometry between array antennas, there is a phase difference between them, and the pilot signals transmitted by different antennas will contain angular information. If the pilot signals of different antennas are in the same position, the receiver can only obtain a linear superposition and cannot distinguish which antenna contributed. Based on this, pilot spacing can be set to avoid mutual interference between the pilot signals of antenna i and antenna i+1 in the receiver.

[0102] In one possible implementation, the maximum normalized delay among all paths on the channel is obtained. and maximum normalized Doppler ; the pilot spacing of adjacent antennas Set as, = That is, the pilot spacing between adjacent antennas is equal to the spread range of the pilot after transmission through the channel. This can avoid mutual interference between pilots on adjacent antennas and reduce pilot overhead.

[0103] For example, Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of pilot spacing on adjacent antennas provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0104] like Figure 6 As shown, on antennas from antenna index 1 to antenna index Mt, the pilot spacing between every two adjacent antennas in the DAFT domain is... This allows the diffusion regions of different pilots to form a well-orthogonal structure in the DAFT domain, ensuring the orthogonality of pilot responses on different antennas, thereby reducing pilot overhead.

[0105] For example, Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the correlation of adjacent antenna pilots and the pilot spacing, provided as an embodiment of this application.

[0106] like Figure 7 As shown, when the pilot spacing is set very small, the correlation between the pilots of adjacent antennas is very high, and the antennas exhibit strong coupling, which leads to a large error in channel parameter estimation. When the pilot spacing reaches the value set according to the method described above... At that time, the correlation between pilot signals of adjacent antennas was approximately -34.42 dB, and the interference between antennas was negligible.

[0107] In one implementation, the maximum normalized delay among all paths on the channel can be obtained based on the channel's historical state information. and maximum normalized Doppler In order to further obtain .in, R max Let C be the maximum distance along different transmission paths, and T be the speed of light. s The sampling interval; , The maximum speed of the target along the signal propagation direction on different transmission paths. The carrier frequency of the carrier wave. f is the subcarrier spacing.

[0108] For example, when f=5kHz, =5GHz, R max The distance is 300 meters, and N is 2024. If it is 100 kilometers per hour (km / h), then the corresponding Approximately 10.2, Approximately 0.065, then It is 12.

[0109] As shown above, the network device determines the pilot anchor point and pilot spacing.

[0110] Furthermore, the network device also assigns a subcarrier index (DAFT index) m to the terminal device (UE), for example, m=m a ~m b , where m a Less than or equal to m b Among them, m a and m b All are greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to N; N is the number of subcarriers.

[0111] The network device also assigns corresponding antennas to the terminal equipment (UE), on which the UE will receive signals. For example, r (r greater than or equal to 1) antennas are assigned to the UE, and the indices of these r antennas can be 0, ..., Mt-1; where Mt is the number of antennas. The network device selects a reference pilot index m0 and assigns an AFDM index of m to the i-th antenna on the network device. i m i = m0+i* , where i is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to Mt-1.

[0112] Optionally, the network device may also assign a scrambling code ID to antenna i based on resource reuse.

[0113] S302. The network device sends pilot parameters to the terminal device, and the terminal device receives the pilot parameters accordingly.

[0114] In one implementation, the network device sends a first message to the terminal device, the first message including pilot parameters.

[0115] In one example, the first message is a radio resource control (RRC) message. For instance, this RRC message is an AFDM pilot config message, which includes pilot parameters; or, for another example, this RRC message includes AFDM pilot config parameters, which include pilot parameters.

[0116] For example, Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a process for transmitting pilot parameters, provided as an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 As shown, the network device sends pilot parameters to the terminal device (UE), including the reference pilot index m0 determined in S301 and the pilot interval. Antenna quantity Mt, scrambling code ID, pilot anchor point .

[0117] The pilot signal is configured in the AFDM domain and includes time delay and Doppler information. Furthermore, the pilot signal is configured on each antenna and includes angle information. This allows the receiver to deduce time delay, Doppler, and angle information from the pilot signal, resolving all three types of information within the same domain, reducing pilot overhead and error propagation. Moreover, by setting the pilot spacing... This ensures that the pilot signals are orthogonal on each antenna, further reducing pilot overhead and inter-antenna interference, thus achieving high-precision channel estimation.

[0118] After receiving the pilot parameters, the terminal device saves them. Optionally, the terminal device sends a response message to the network device to confirm that the pilot parameters have been received. For example, this response message is an RRC ACK message.

[0119] S303, The network device sends pilot signals to the terminal device.

[0120] In one implementation, the network device generates a pilot sequence. Specifically, the network device generates a corresponding Gold sequence, denoted as g, based on the scrambling code ID of the i-th antenna. i [q]; and in m i Press up slowly for q and place gi [q], thus obtaining the pilot sequence in the DAFT domain, denoted as Where q is 0~L s L s α is the length of the Gold sequence and α is the power.

[0121] Furthermore, the pilot sequence in the DAFT domain is transformed to the time domain to obtain the pilot signal. For example, the pilot sequence in the DAFT domain is transformed to the time domain according to the following formula (1):

[0122] Formula (1);

[0123] in, This is a time-domain pilot signal, where n is the time-domain index and N is the number of subcarriers. and These are the parameters for the DAFT transform.

[0124] In this embodiment, at the transmitting end (e.g., network device), the pilot spacing is set according to the shift characteristics of AFDM, and then the Gold sequence is placed on the antenna according to the reference pilot index and the pilot spacing. This achieves that the coverage range of different antenna pilots does not interfere with each other, which can improve the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of the pilot received by the receiving end (e.g., terminal device). Furthermore, angle information is introduced in the DAFT domain to ensure the reliability of parameter estimation.

[0125] S304. The terminal equipment receives distorted pilot signals.

[0126] It is understandable that the pilot signals sent by network devices will be distorted after being transmitted through the channel, and the terminal devices will receive distorted pilot signals.

[0127] For example, the channel impulse response on the i-th antenna is denoted as , It can be expressed by the following formula (2).

[0128] Formula (2);

[0129] Where i is the antenna index and n is the time-domain index. Let D be the latency, D be the number of paths, and d be the path sequence number. , and These represent the complex gain, normalized delay, and normalized Doppler on the d-th path, respectively. For the transmission array response of the i-th antenna and the d-th path, Let be the angle of the d-th path.

[0130] Then, the sampled signal (distorted pilot signal) received by the terminal device on the i-th antenna is: , It can be represented by the following formula (3).

[0131] Formula (3);

[0132] in, It is noise.

[0133] S305. The terminal device extracts the distorted pilot signal in the DAFT domain from the distorted pilot signal.

[0134] The terminal device transforms the time-domain distorted pilot (distorted pilot signal) to the DAFT domain.

[0135] For example, after one antenna of the terminal device receives a distorted pilot signal, the distorted pilot signal can be converted into a signal using formula (4). Transform to the DAFT domain to obtain .

[0136] Formula (4);

[0137] The received signal of the i-th antenna along the d-th path can be represented in matrix form as follows: , Let i be the DAFT field symbol for the i-th antenna. For the transmission array response of the i-th antenna and the d-th path, Let be the channel matrix for the d-th path. , , Combining all paths and antennas, we obtain... .

[0138] Furthermore, the pilot spread range is extracted based on the pilot anchor points in the pilot parameters, and Gold sequence despreading is performed to obtain the distorted pilot in the DAFT domain. The distorted pilot Y in the DAFT domain can be expressed in the form of the following formula (5).

[0139] Formula (5);

[0140] Where Mt is the number of antennas and q is the slow time. Let m be the maximum velocity of the target along the signal propagation direction on different transmission paths. i Let N be the AFDM index of the i-th antenna, and N be the number of subcarriers. The slope of the AFDM subcarrier. For the longest transmission path, Let be the time-domain distorted pilot signal, and conj() be used to find the conjugate complex number. express The q-th element of the conjugate transpose vector.

[0141] Due to the pilot sequence x in the DAFT domain i Only in m i = m0+i* A single reconfigurable path is defined as follows: (The path contains non-zero terms.) .in," "express The mth of all rows i List, express The mth of all rows i List.

[0142] S306. The terminal device estimates path parameters based on the distorted pilot signals in the DAFT domain.

[0143] Path parameters include time delay, Doppler, and angle.

[0144] As described in the above embodiments, for a specific transmission path d, the normalized Doppler... Including the integer part of Doppler (integer Doppler) With fractional Doppler (fractional Doppler) .

[0145] In some embodiments, the path delay and integer Doppler are first roughly estimated, and then the fractional Doppler and angle are jointly estimated to avoid interference from the fractional Doppler on the angle estimation, thereby reducing the estimation error and achieving higher estimation accuracy.

[0146] For example, Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a path parameter estimation process provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 As shown, the method includes:

[0147] S3060, Initialize residuals.

[0148] Initialize the residual as Y, i.e., y (0) =Y, y (0) Y is the distortion pilot on path 0, and Y is the distortion pilot in the DAFT domain.

[0149] S3061. Make a coarse estimate of the time delay and integer Doppler.

[0150] Peak detection is used to coarsely estimate latency and integer Doppler. In one implementation, when the peak index is z, the estimated latency and integer Doppler for the corresponding path d are as follows: and .

[0151] S3062. Perform joint estimation of fractional Doppler and angle.

[0152] The path delay was roughly estimated. With integer Doppler Then, fractional Doppler... and angle Perform two-dimensional optimization.

[0153] In one implementation, the fractional Doppler and angle are jointly estimated using a correlation matching method. In one example, let... , The reconstructed path is the transmission path d obtained based on fractional Doppler and angle, where (:,k) represents the k-th column of all rows, and k is the reference pilot index; the optimization objective is: , This involves removing the residual signal from the distorted pilot signal after removing the gains of the d-1 paths for which path parameter estimation has been completed. In other words, it's a Doppler search. and angle The value of is chosen to maximize the correlation between the reconstructed path and the residual signal.

[0154] In one example, the Doppler estimation resolution is set. and angle estimation resolution ; The traversal range is That is, from Start with step size Increment, traverse to ,in This represents the maximum value of the normalized Doppler fraction on each transmission path; The traversal range is That is, from Start with step size Increment, traverse to ,in This represents the maximum angle along each transmission path. The traversal range and When the optimal fractional Doppler is found within the traversal range that achieves the optimization objective, and angle The corresponding Doppler estimates were obtained. .

[0155] Furthermore, the complex gain is calculated. Update the residual to Then, repeat steps S3061 and S3062 until all path parameters are obtained.

[0156] In this embodiment, a two-step estimation scheme is adopted. The first step is to coarsely estimate the time delay and integer Doppler, and the second step is to jointly estimate the fractional Doppler and angle. This avoids the interference of fractional Doppler on angle estimation and achieves higher estimation accuracy.

[0157] The following is an example of the implementation method of the communication method provided in this application embodiment in a specific scenario.

[0158] For example, the specific parameters in this scenario instance are shown in Table 1.

[0159] Table 1

[0160]

[0161] Step 1: The network device determines the pilot parameters according to the steps in S301.

[0162] In one example, the pilot spacing between adjacent antennas is determined based on the maximum normalized time delay and the maximum normalized Doppler. .in, = .

[0163] Configure UE1 to occupy subcarriers m=0~15, and allocate antennas i=0,1 to the UE. Assign scrambling code ID r to the UE. i =i.

[0164] Select the reference pilot index m0=1.

[0165] Assign AFDM index m to the i-th antenna i = m0+i* Specifically, m0=1, m i =7.

[0166] Step 2: The network device sends pilot parameters to the terminal device.

[0167] For example, such as Figure 10 As shown, the network device sends pilot parameters to the terminal device (UE), including the reference pilot index m0=1 and the pilot interval. =6, number of antennas Mt=2, scrambling code ID r i =i, pilot anchor point After receiving and saving the pilot parameters, the terminal device sends an RRC ACK to the network device.

[0168] Step 3: The network device generates a pilot signal and sends the pilot signal to the terminal device.

[0169] In m i Press up slowly for q=0~L s Place g i [q], Where α is the power and the scrambling code ID r i =i.

[0170] Transforming the pilot sequence in the DAFT domain to the time domain yields... And send pilot signals in the time domain.

[0171] The execution order of steps 2 and 3 is not restricted.

[0172] Step 4: The terminal device receives the distorted pilot signal and estimates the path parameters based on the distorted pilot signal.

[0173] In one example, the terminal device receives a sampled signal r[n,q]. The sampled signal r[n,q] is then transformed into the DAFT domain, i.e. .

[0174] Furthermore, the pilot spread range is extracted based on the pilot anchor points in the pilot parameters, and Gold sequence despreading is performed to obtain the distorted pilot in the DAFT domain, i.e. .

[0175] Furthermore, the terminal device estimates path parameters based on the distorted pilot signals in the DAFT domain. Specifically, it constructs the residual y (0) =Y. Through peak detection, coarse estimates of latency and integer Doppler are made. When the peak index is z, the estimated latency and integer Doppler values ​​for the corresponding path d are as follows: and .

[0176] Then fractional Doppler and angle Perform two-dimensional optimization and reconstruct the path as follows: The optimization objective is: The search yields the optimal score Doppler. and angle This is how you obtain... , and .

[0177] Furthermore, the complex gain was calculated. Update the residual to Repeat the above coarse estimation and joint estimation until the path parameters of all paths are obtained.

[0178] It should be understood that Figures 1 to 10 The flowcharts or scene diagrams shown are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this application to the examples illustrated. In fact, those skilled in the art can interpret the embodiments based on... Figures 1 to 10 The examples in the document can be transformed into equivalent ways to obtain more implementations.

[0179] The above text combined Figures 1 to 10 This document describes in detail the communication method provided in the embodiments of this application. The following will combine... Figures 11 to 12 The device embodiments of this application are described in detail below. It should be understood that the communication device of this application embodiment can execute the various communication methods of the foregoing embodiments of this application, that is, the specific working processes of the various products below can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments.

[0180] In the embodiments described above, the terminal device may execute some or all of the steps in each embodiment; the network device may execute some or all of the steps in each embodiment. These steps or operations are merely examples, and the embodiments of this application may also perform other operations or variations thereof. Furthermore, the steps may be executed in different orders as presented in the embodiments, and it is not necessary to execute all the operations in the embodiments of this application. Moreover, the sequence number of each step does not imply the order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0181] Figure 11 This is a schematic block diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 11 As shown, the communication device 1100 may include a communication module 1120. The communication module 1120 can implement corresponding communication functions, which can be internal communication functions of the communication device 1100 or communication functions between the communication device 1100 and other devices. Optionally, the communication module 1120 may also be referred to as a communication interface or transceiver module. Optionally, the communication device 1100 further includes a processing module 1110. The processing module 1110 can implement corresponding processing functions.

[0182] Optionally, the communication device 1100 further includes a storage module, which can be used to store instructions and / or data; the processing module 1110 can read the instructions and / or data in the storage module so that the communication device 1100 can implement the aforementioned method embodiments.

[0183] In one possible design, the communication device 1100 may correspond to the transmitting device in the above method embodiments, or a component (such as a circuit, chip, or chip system) configured in the transmitting device. The communication device 1100 can be used to perform the steps or processes performed by the transmitting device in any of the above method embodiments.

[0184] For example, the communication module 1120 is used to transmit pilot signals to a first receiving device on each of a plurality of antennas; wherein the pilot interval between the pilot signals of adjacent antennas is the spread range of the pilot signals in the DAFT domain after transmission through the channel.

[0185] Optionally, the pilot spacing is: ;in, For maximum normalized delay, For maximum normalized Doppler.

[0186] Optionally, multiple pilot signals are carried on subcarriers of the Chirp structure.

[0187] The above are merely examples; for detailed steps or procedures, please refer to the descriptions in the foregoing embodiments.

[0188] In one possible design, the communication device 1100 may correspond to the receiving device in the above method embodiments, or to a component (such as a circuit, chip, or chip system) configured in the receiving device. The communication device 1100 may be used to perform the steps or processes performed by the receiving device in any of the above method embodiments.

[0189] For example, the communication module 1120 is used to receive a first pilot signal;

[0190] Processing module 1110 is used to extract a second pilot signal from the first pilot signal, the second pilot signal being a signal in the DAFT domain;

[0191] The processing module 1110 is also used to estimate the path parameters of each transmission path based on the second pilot signal, wherein the path parameters include time delay, Doppler, and angle.

[0192] Optionally, the processing module 1110 is specifically used to obtain the delay and Doppler integer part of the first transmission path through peak detection; and to obtain the Doppler fractional part and angle of the first transmission path through correlation matching.

[0193] Optionally, the processing module 1110 is specifically used to obtain the latency of the first transmission path as... The Doppler integer part of the first transmission path is obtained as follows: Where z is the peak index, For maximum normalized Doppler, N is the number of subcarriers. The slope of the AFDM subcarrier.

[0194] Optionally, the processing module 1110 is specifically used to traverse within a first Doppler range at a first resolution and within a first angle range at a second resolution, searching for the optimal Doppler fraction and the optimal angle to achieve the first objective; wherein, the first objective includes: maximizing the correlation between the reconstructed path of the first transmission path obtained based on the Doppler fraction and the angle and the residual signal in the second pilot signal corresponding to the first transmission path.

[0195] Optional, the first objective is: ;in, The Doppler fractional part of the first transmission path, The angle of the first transmission path, The reconstructed path of the first transmission path is obtained based on the Doppler fractional part of the first transmission path and the angle. This is the residual signal from the second pilot signal after removing the path gain from which parameter estimation has been completed.

[0196] Optionally, the first Doppler range includes greater than or equal to and less than or equal to The first angle range includes greater than or equal to and less than or equal to ;in, This represents the maximum value of the normalized Doppler fraction on each transmission path. This represents the maximum angle along each transmission path.

[0197] Optionally, the communication module 1120 is also used to receive a first parameter, which includes a reference pilot index, pilot spacing, number of antennas, scrambling code ID, and pilot anchor point.

[0198] Optionally, the communication module 1120 is also used to receive multiple pilot signals from multiple antennas at the transmitting end; the pilot spacing between pilot signals from adjacent antennas is the spread range of the pilot signals in the DAFT domain after transmission through the channel.

[0199] Optionally, the pilot spacing is: ;in, For maximum normalized delay, For maximum normalized Doppler.

[0200] The above are merely examples; for detailed steps or procedures, please refer to the descriptions in the foregoing embodiments.

[0201] Figure 12 This is another schematic block diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. The communication device 1200 may be a chip, chip system, or processor, etc., in a terminal device or network device that implements the above-described methods. The communication device 1200 can be used to implement the methods described in the above-described method embodiments; for details, please refer to the descriptions in the above-described method embodiments.

[0202] like Figure 12As shown, the communication device 1200 may include one or more processors 1210, which may also be referred to as processing units or processing modules, and can implement certain control functions. The processor 1210 may be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor, such as a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor can be used to process communication protocols and communication data, while the central processing unit can be used to control the communication device 1200 (e.g., a base station, baseband chip, user, user chip), execute software programs, and process data from the software programs.

[0203] In an alternative design, the processor 1210 may also store instructions and / or data that can be executed by the processor 1210 to cause the communication device 1200 to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments.

[0204] In another alternative design, the communication device 1200 may include a communication interface 1220 for implementing receiving and transmitting functions. For example, the communication interface 1220 may be a transceiver circuit, interface, interface circuit, or transceiver. The transceiver circuit, interface, interface circuit, or transceiver for implementing receiving and transmitting functions may be separate or integrated. The aforementioned transceiver circuit, interface, interface circuit, or transceiver may be used for reading and writing code / data, or it may be used for transmitting or relaying signals.

[0205] Optionally, the communication device 1200 may include one or more memories 1230, which may store instructions that can be executed on the processor 1210, causing the communication device 1200 to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments. Optionally, the memories 1230 may also store data. Optionally, the processor 1210 may also store instructions and / or data. The processor 1210 and the memories 1230 may be provided separately or integrated together.

[0206] It should be understood that, in one possible design, the steps in the method embodiments provided in this application can be implemented by integrated logic circuits in the processor's hardware or by instructions in software form. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor. The software modules can reside in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. This storage medium is located in memory, and the processor reads information from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, detailed descriptions are not provided here.

[0207] In one implementation, the communication device 1200 may correspond to the terminal device in the above method embodiments and may be used to execute the various steps and / or processes executed by the terminal device in the above method embodiments. The processor 1210 may be used to execute instructions stored in the memory 1230, and when the processor 1210 executes the instructions stored in the memory, the processor 1210 is used to execute the various steps and / or processes of the above method embodiments corresponding to the terminal device.

[0208] In another implementation, the communication device 1200 may correspond to the network device in the above method embodiments and may be used to execute the various steps and / or processes executed by the network device in the above method embodiments. The processor 1210 may be used to execute instructions stored in the memory 1230, and when the processor 1210 executes the instructions stored in the memory, the processor 1210 is used to execute the various steps and / or processes of the above method embodiments corresponding to the network device.

[0209] It should be understood that the aforementioned processing device can be one or more chips. For example, the processing device can be a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a system-on-chip (SoC), a central processor unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller unit (MCU), a programmable logic device (PLD), or other integrated chips.

[0210] It is understood that the memory in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous linked dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory used in the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0211] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a chip system, which includes one or more processors for calling and executing instructions stored in memory, thereby causing the method described in the embodiments of this application to be executed. The chip system may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices.

[0212] The chip system may include input circuits or interfaces for transmitting information or data, and output circuits or interfaces for receiving information or data.

[0213] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a communication system, which includes the aforementioned network device and terminal device.

[0214] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a computer program product, which includes: computer program code, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the various steps or processes executed by the network device or terminal device in any of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0215] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing program code, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the various steps or processes executed by the network device or terminal device in any of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0216] The computer-readable storage medium may be the aforementioned volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or it may include both volatile memory and non-volatile memory.

[0217] In the embodiments of this application, the terms and English abbreviations are exemplary examples given for ease of description and should not be construed as limiting the application in any way. This application does not preclude the possibility of defining other terms that can achieve the same or similar functions in existing or future agreements.

[0218] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When these computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated.

[0219] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0220] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0221] In summary, the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the technical solution of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, include: Receive the first pilot signal; Extract a second pilot signal from the first pilot signal, wherein the second pilot signal is a signal in the Discrete Affine Fourier Transform (DAFT) domain; The path parameters of each transmission path are estimated based on the second pilot signal, and the path parameters include time delay, Doppler, and angle. The step of estimating the path parameters of each transmission path based on the second pilot signal includes: Peak detection is used to obtain the Doppler integer part and delay of the first transmission path; The Doppler fraction and angle of the first transmission path are obtained by using a correlation matching method.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the delay and Doppler integer part of the first transmission path through peak detection includes: The estimated delay value of the first transmission path is obtained. ; The estimated Doppler integer part of the first transmission path is obtained. ; Where z is the peak index. For maximum normalized Doppler, N is the number of subcarriers. The slope of the simulated radio frequency multiplexing (AFDM) subcarrier.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the Doppler fraction and angle of the first transmission path through the correlation matching method includes: Traverse within the first Doppler range at the first resolution and within the first angular range at the second resolution, searching for the optimal Doppler fraction and the optimal angle to achieve the first objective; The first objective includes maximizing the correlation between the reconstructed path of the first transmission path obtained based on the Doppler fractional part and the angle, and the residual signal in the second pilot signal corresponding to the first transmission path.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first objective is: ； in, This is the estimated value of the Doppler fractional portion of the first transmission path. This is the estimated angle value for the first transmission path. The reconstructed path of the first transmission path is obtained based on the Doppler fractional part of the first transmission path and the angle. This is the residual signal from the second pilot signal after removing the path gain from which parameter estimation has been completed.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first Doppler range includes greater than or equal to and less than or equal to The first angle range includes greater than or equal to and less than or equal to ; in, This represents the maximum value of the normalized Doppler fraction on each transmission path. This represents the maximum angle along each transmission path.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive the first parameter, which includes the reference pilot index, pilot spacing, number of antennas, scrambling code ID, and pilot anchor point.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive multiple pilot signals from multiple antennas at the transmitting end; the pilot interval between the pilot signals from adjacent antennas is the spread range of the pilot signal in the DAFT domain after transmission through the channel.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pilot spacing is: ; in, For maximum normalized delay, For maximum normalized Doppler.

9. A communication method, characterized in that, include: Send a first pilot signal to the first receiving device; The first pilot signal is used to determine the second pilot signal, which is used to determine the path parameters of each transmission path. The second pilot signal is a signal in the Discrete Affine Fourier Transform (DAFT) domain, and the path parameters include time delay, Doppler, and angle. The second pilot signal is used to determine the path parameters of each transmission path, including: The second pilot signal is used to determine the Doppler integer part and time delay of the first transmission path through peak detection; The second pilot signal is used to determine the Doppler fraction and angle of the first transmission path by means of correlation matching.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The method further includes: Pilot signals are transmitted to the first receiving device from each of the multiple antennas; wherein the pilot interval between the pilot signals of adjacent antennas is and the spread range of the pilot signals in the DAFT domain after transmission through the channel is .

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The pilot spacing is: ; in, For maximum normalized delay, For maximum normalized Doppler.

12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, Multiple pilot signals are carried on subcarriers of the Chirp structure.

13. A communication device, characterized in that, The device includes at least one processor coupled to a memory storing a program or instructions, wherein the processor executes the program or instructions to cause the communication device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-12.

14. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program or instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program or instructions are executed, they cause the computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-12.

15. A communication system, characterized in that, Includes the communication device as described in claim 13.

16. A chip system, characterized in that, The chip system includes one or more processors, which are configured to retrieve and execute instructions stored in memory, such that the method described in any one of claims 1-12 is executed.

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