Method for determining service quality of perception business, terminal equipment and network equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining perception service quality, terminal equipment and network equipment, the method for determining perception task service quality (QoS) comprises the steps that the terminal equipment sends a first message, and perception parameter information is carried in the first message; and the terminal equipment receives QoS information corresponding to the sensing parameter information. The method and the device can meet the requirement of the sensing service, thereby ensuring normal execution of the sensing service.

Description

Method, terminal device and network device for determining perceived service quality Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communications, and more specifically, to a method, terminal equipment, and network equipment for determining quality of service (QoS) of a perceived service. Background Art

[0002] For sensory services, because they require large amounts of sensory data to be transmitted and have stringent requirements, it is necessary to determine corresponding QoS parameter requirements (such as transmission rate, maximum latency, packet error rate, etc.) based on the needs of the sensory services and configure and implement these QoS parameter requirements through methods such as session management. However, related technologies do not classify sensory services, nor can they configure corresponding QoS parameters for different types of sensory services. This makes it difficult for terminals to meet the requirements of different types of sensory services when transmitting sensory data.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] Embodiments of the present application provide a method, terminal device, and network device for determining the QoS of a perceived service.

[0005] This embodiment of the present application provides a method for determining perceived QoS, including:

[0006] The terminal device sends a first message, where the first message carries perception parameter information;

[0007] The terminal device receives QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

[0008] This embodiment of the present application provides a method for determining QoS of a sensing task, including:

[0009] The first network device receives a first message from the terminal device, where the first message carries perception parameter information;

[0010] The first network device sends a second message to the second network device, where the second message carries perception parameter information.

[0011] This embodiment of the present application provides a method for determining QoS of a sensing task, including:

[0012] The second network device receives the second message, where the second message carries the perception parameter information;

[0013] The second network device determines the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information according to the parameter information and the mapping relationship between the perception parameter information and the QoS information;

[0014] The second network device sends a third message, which carries QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

[0015] This embodiment of the present application provides a method for determining QoS of a sensing task, including:

[0016] The terminal device receives the fourth message, which carries QoS information corresponding to each perception parameter information in one or more perception parameter information.

[0017] This embodiment of the present application provides a method for determining QoS of a sensing task, including:

[0018] The first network device receives a fifth message from the second network device, where the fifth message carries QoS information corresponding to each piece of perception parameter information in the one or more pieces of perception parameter information;

[0019] The first network device sends a fourth message to the terminal device, where the fourth message carries QoS information corresponding to each perception parameter information in one or more perception parameter information.

[0020] This embodiment of the present application provides a method for determining QoS of a sensing task, including:

[0021] The second network device sends a fifth message, which carries QoS information corresponding to each piece of perception parameter information in the one or more perception parameter information.

[0022] An embodiment of the present application provides a terminal device, including:

[0023] A first sending module is used to send a first message, where the first message carries perception parameter information;

[0024] The first receiving module is used to receive QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

[0025] An embodiment of the present application provides a first network device, including:

[0026] A second receiving module is configured to receive a first message from a terminal device, where the first message carries perception parameter information;

[0027] The second sending module is used to send a second message to the second network device, where the second message carries perception parameter information.

[0028] An embodiment of the present application provides a second network device, including:

[0029] A third receiving module is configured to receive a second message, where the second message carries the perception parameter information;

[0030] A first determining module is configured to determine QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information based on the parameter information and a mapping relationship between the perception parameter information and the QoS information;

[0031] The third sending module is used to send a third message, where the third message carries QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

[0032] An embodiment of the present application provides a terminal device, including:

[0033] The fourth receiving module is used to receive a fourth message, where the fourth message carries QoS information corresponding to each piece of perception parameter information in one or more pieces of perception parameter information.

[0034] An embodiment of the present application provides a first network device, including:

[0035] a fifth receiving module, configured to receive a fifth message from the second network device, where the fifth message carries QoS information corresponding to each piece of perception parameter information in the one or more pieces of perception parameter information;

[0036] The fifth sending module is used to send a fourth message to the terminal device, and the fourth message carries QoS information corresponding to each perception parameter information in one or more perception parameter information.

[0037] An embodiment of the present application provides a second network device, including:

[0038] The sixth sending module is used to send a fifth message, where the fifth message carries QoS information corresponding to each perception parameter information in one or more perception parameter information.

[0039] The present application also provides a communication device comprising a processor, a memory, and a transceiver. The memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and execute the computer program stored in the memory and control the transceiver so that the device performs the above-mentioned method for determining the QoS of a perception task.

[0040] An embodiment of the present application provides a chip for implementing the above-mentioned method for determining the QoS of a perception task.

[0041] Specifically, the chip includes: a processor, which is used to call and run a computer program from a memory, so that a device equipped with the chip executes the above-mentioned method for determining the QoS of a perception task.

[0042] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program, which, when executed by a device, enables the device to execute the above-mentioned method for determining the QoS of a perception task.

[0043] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, including computer program instructions, which enable a computer to execute the above-mentioned method for determining the QoS of a perception task.

[0044] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute the above-mentioned method for determining the QoS of a perception task.

[0045] An embodiment of the present application proposes a method for determining the QoS of a perception service, in which a terminal device sends perception parameter information to a network device, and receives QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information from the network device, thereby configuring QoS-related parameters corresponding to the perception parameter information, which can ensure that the UE can meet the needs of the perception service when transmitting perception data, thereby ensuring the normal execution of the perception service. An embodiment of the present application also proposes another method for determining the QoS of a perception service, in which a terminal device receives QoS information corresponding to multiple perception parameter information from a network device, thereby configuring QoS-related parameters corresponding to multiple perception parameter information; subsequently, when the UE transmits perception data, it can determine the corresponding QoS according to the perception parameter information of the perception service, and perform data packet mapping based on the QoS, to ensure that the UE can meet the needs of the perception service when transmitting perception data, thereby ensuring the normal execution of the perception service. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0047] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the 5G network system architecture.

[0048] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the communication and perception integrated system structure.

[0049] FIG4 is a schematic flowchart of a method 400 for determining QoS of a sensing task according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0050] FIG5 is a schematic flowchart of a method 500 for determining QoS of a sensing task according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0051] FIG6 is a schematic flowchart of an implementation method for determining the QoS of a perception task according to the present application.

[0052] FIG7 is a schematic flowchart of a method 700 for determining QoS of a sensing task according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0053] FIG8 is a schematic flowchart of an implementation method for determining the QoS of a perception task according to the present application.

[0054] FIG9 is a schematic block diagram of a terminal device 900 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0055] FIG10 is a schematic block diagram of a terminal device 1000 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0056] FIG11 is a schematic block diagram of a first network device 1100 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0057] FIG12 is a schematic block diagram of a second network device 1200 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0058] FIG13 is a schematic block diagram of a terminal device 1300 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0059] FIG14 is a schematic block diagram of a terminal device 1400 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0060] FIG15 is a schematic block diagram of a first network device 1500 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0061] FIG16 is a schematic block diagram of a second network device 1600 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0062] FIG17 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 1700 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0063] FIG18 is a schematic block diagram of a chip 1800 according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0065] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, Advanced long term evolution (LTE-A) system, New Radio (NR) system, NR system evolution system, LTE on unlicensed spectrum (LTE-based access to unlicensed spectrum, LTE-U) system, NR on unlicensed spectrum (NR-based access to unlicensed spectrum, NR-U) system, Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) system, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), Fifth Generation (5th-Generation, 5G) system or other communication systems.

[0066] Generally speaking, traditional communication systems support a limited number of connections and are easy to implement. However, with the development of communication technology, mobile communication systems will not only support traditional communications, but will also support, for example, device-to-device (D2D) communication, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, etc. The embodiments of the present application can also be applied to these communication systems.

[0067] In one embodiment, the communication system in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to a carrier aggregation (CA) scenario, a dual connectivity (DC) scenario, and a standalone (SA) networking scenario.

[0068] In one embodiment, the communication system in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to an unlicensed spectrum, wherein the unlicensed spectrum can also be considered as a shared spectrum; or, the communication system in the embodiment of the present application can also be applied to an authorized spectrum, wherein the authorized spectrum can also be considered as an unshared spectrum.

[0069] The embodiments of the present application describe various embodiments in conjunction with network devices and terminal devices, wherein the terminal device may also be referred to as user equipment (UE), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent or user device, etc.

[0070] The terminal device can be a station (STAION, ST) in a WLAN, a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device, a handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a next-generation communication system such as an NR network, or a terminal device in a future evolved Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) network, etc.

[0071] In an embodiment of the present application, the terminal device can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld, wearable or vehicle-mounted; it can also be deployed on the water surface (such as ships, etc.); it can also be deployed in the air (such as airplanes, balloons and satellites, etc.).

[0072] In an embodiment of the present application, the terminal device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiver function, a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal device in industrial control, a wireless terminal device in self-driving, a wireless terminal device in remote medical, a wireless terminal device in a smart grid, a wireless terminal device in transportation safety, a wireless terminal device in a smart city, or a wireless terminal device in a smart home, etc.

[0073] As an example and not a limitation, in the embodiment of the present application, the terminal device may also be a wearable device. Wearable devices may also be called wearable smart devices, which are a general term for wearable devices that are intelligently designed and developed using wearable technology for daily wear, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. A wearable device is a portable device that is worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothes or accessories. Wearable devices are not only hardware devices, but also achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. Broadly speaking, wearable smart devices include those that are fully functional, large in size, and can achieve complete or partial functions without relying on smartphones, such as smart watches or smart glasses, as well as those that only focus on a certain type of application function and need to be used in conjunction with other devices such as smartphones, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for vital sign monitoring.

[0074] In an embodiment of the present application, the network device may be a device for communicating with a mobile device. The network device may be an access point (AP) in a WLAN, an evolved base station (eNB or eNodeB) in LTE, or a relay station or access point, or a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, and a network device (gNB) in an NR network, or a network device in a future evolved PLMN network or a network device in an NTN network, etc.

[0075] As an example and not a limitation, in an embodiment of the present application, the network device may have a mobile feature, for example, the network device may be a mobile device. Alternatively, the network device may be a satellite or a balloon station. For example, the satellite may be a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite, a medium earth orbit (MEO) satellite, a geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite, a high elliptical orbit (HEO) satellite, etc. Optionally, the network device may also be a base station set up in a location such as land or water.

[0076] In an embodiment of the present application, the network device can provide services for a cell, and the terminal device communicates with the network device through the transmission resources used by the cell (for example, frequency domain resources, or spectrum resources). The cell can be a cell corresponding to the network device (for example, a base station). The cell can belong to a macro base station or a base station corresponding to a small cell. The small cells here may include: metro cells, micro cells, pico cells, femto cells, etc. These small cells have the characteristics of small coverage and low transmission power, and are suitable for providing high-speed data transmission services.

[0077] FIG1 exemplarily illustrates a communication system 100. The communication system includes a network device 110 and two terminal devices 120. In one embodiment, the communication system 100 may include multiple network devices 110, and each network device 110 may include a different number of terminal devices 120 within its coverage area, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0078] In one embodiment, the communication system 100 may further include other network entities such as a Mobility Management Entity (MME) and an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0079] Among them, the network equipment may include access network equipment and core network equipment. That is, the wireless communication system also includes multiple core networks for communicating with the access network equipment. The access network equipment can be an evolutionary base station (evolutional node B, abbreviated as eNB or e-NodeB) macro base station, micro base station (also called "small base station"), pico base station, access point (AP), transmission point (TP) or new generation base station (new generation Node B, gNodeB), etc. in a long-term evolution (LTE) system, a next-generation (mobile communication system) (next radio, NR) system or an authorized auxiliary access long-term evolution (LAA-LTE) system.

[0080] It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, a device having a communication function in a network / system may be referred to as a communication device. Taking the communication system shown in Figure 1 as an example, the communication device may include a network device and a terminal device having a communication function. The network device and the terminal device may be specific devices in the embodiments of the present application and will not be described in detail here. The communication device may also include other devices in the communication system, such as a network controller, a mobility management entity, and other network entities, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0081] It should be understood that the terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably herein. The term "and / or" is simply a description of an association between related objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone. Furthermore, the character " / " generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0082] It should be understood that the "indication" mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be a direct indication, an indirect indication, or an indication of an association. For example, "A indicates B" can mean that A directly indicates B, for example, B can be obtained through A; it can also mean that A indirectly indicates B, for example, A indicates C, and B can be obtained through C; it can also mean that there is an association between A and B.

[0083] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "corresponding" may indicate a direct or indirect correspondence between the two, or an association relationship between the two, or a relationship between indication and being indicated, configuration and being configured, etc.

[0084] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the relevant technologies of the embodiments of the present application are described below. The following relevant technologies can be arbitrarily combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application as optional solutions, and they all fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0085] Figure 2 shows the 5G network system architecture. The UE establishes an access layer connection with the access network (AN) through the Uu port, exchanging access layer messages and wireless data transmission. The UE establishes a non-access stratum (NAS) connection with the AMF through the N1 port, exchanging NAS messages. The AMF is the mobility management function in the core network, and the session management function (SMF) is the session management function in the core network. In addition to managing the mobility of the UE, the AMF is also responsible for forwarding session management-related messages between the UE and the SMF. The policy control function (PCF) is the policy management function in the core network, responsible for formulating policies related to UE mobility management, session management, and billing. The user plane function (UPF) is the user plane function in the core network, which transmits data with the external data network through the N6 interface and with the AN through the N3 interface.

[0086] The radio electromagnetic wave signals used by cellular networks can be used not only for wireless data transmission and communication but also for environmental perception, such as user motion or gesture recognition, respiratory monitoring, terminal speed measurement, environmental imaging, and weather monitoring. Therefore, cellular networks can be considered not only for communication and data transmission, but also for acquiring sensory information.

[0087] In related technologies, sensing functions are supported in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) networks by adding sensing function elements and corresponding processes. When an application sends a sensing request for a target UE to the core network of the 3GPP network, the core network selects the correct access network device or assists the UE through the sensing control element or AMF, triggers the ability to perform sensing-related wireless measurements, starts measuring sensing information, and generates sensing results.

[0088] The main wireless sensing scenarios for synaesthesia integration are as follows:

[0089] 1. Base station echo sensing link (single gNB sensing): The base station sends a sensing signal and receives an echo signal.

[0090] 2. Inter-base station sensing link (gNB-gNB sensing): Base station B receives the sensing signal sent by base station A.

[0091] 3. Air interface uplink perception link (UE-gNB uplink perception): The base station receives the perception signal sent by the terminal;

[0092] 4. Air interface downlink perception link (UE-gNB downlink perception): The terminal receives the perception signal sent by the base station;

[0093] 5. Terminal echo perception link (single UE perception): The terminal sends a perception signal and receives an echo signal;

[0094] 6. Inter-terminal perception link (UE-UE perception): Terminal B receives the perception signal sent by terminal A.

[0095] In the early stages of B5G communication and perception integration, consideration is given to reusing existing air interface signals as much as possible to perform perception behaviors without introducing excessive air interface enhancements. Furthermore, given the complexity of full-duplex implementation, collaborative perception between terminals and / or base stations is a priority. Among them, perception methods 3, 4, 5, and 6 may require the UE to report a large amount of perception data to the core network's perception network elements or obtain auxiliary data from the core network elements. Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the communication and perception integration system structure.

[0096] Currently, considering the large amount of interactive data between the UE and the perception network element, the UE can complete the necessary interaction of the perception service with the perception network element through user plane data transmission. The UE can send perception data to the SF-U (the user plane part of the perception network element, which may also be jointly set up with the location management function network element (Location Management Function, LMF), which is not limited here, and Figure 3 is only an exemplary architecture) through the UPF by establishing a special protocol data unit (PDU) session. SF represents the perception network element, or the perception function network element, or it may be other names. SF-U represents the user plane part of the perception network element, or the user plane part of the perception function network element, or it may be other names. In order to meet the quality requirements of the perception service (such as precision, accuracy, etc.), it is necessary to configure appropriate QoS parameters (such as transmission rate, maximum delay, packet error rate, etc.) for the user plane connection of the UE. How to configure the user plane information for a specific perception task / session to meet the user plane transmission requirements of the perception task is a problem that needs to be solved.

[0097] Specifically, the required parameters of the sensing service may include the following Table 1:

[0098] Table 1

[0099] It may include perception scenarios (such as intrusion monitoring, respiratory monitoring, motion capture, autonomous driving, etc.), perception areas (such as indoor or outdoor, area size, etc.), confidence level (reliability of perception results), position estimation accuracy (including horizontal and vertical position accuracy (units such as meters / decimeters / centimeters)), speed estimation accuracy (including horizontal and vertical speed accuracy), perception resolution (such as range resolution and speed resolution, etc.), maximum perception service latency, refresh rate (such as 10 refreshes per second, etc.), missed alarm rate, false alarm rate, etc.

[0100] Currently, QoS parameters primarily include Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP), Guaranteed Flow Bit Rate (GFBR), Maximum Flow Bit Rate (MFBR), Maximum Packet Loss Rate, and parameters related to the 5G QoS Identifier (5QI). 5QI-related parameters include default priority level, resource type (such as guaranteed or non-guaranteed bit rate, GBR or non-GBR), packet delay budget (PDB), packet error rate (PER), and maximum data burst volume (MDBV). 5QI, by setting a 5QI number and a set of corresponding default values ​​for these parameters, facilitates templated configuration for specific service types.

[0101] For perception services, because the amount of perception data to be transmitted is large and the requirements are strict, it is necessary to determine the corresponding QoS parameter requirements (such as transmission rate, maximum delay, packet error rate, etc.) based on the requirements of the perception service (such as precision and accuracy). These QoS parameter requirements are then configured and implemented through methods such as session management. In addition, due to the wide range of scenarios and types of perception services, the required QoS level needs to be determined based on the perception service scenario and type, and the UE must map the perception service data flow to the corresponding QoS flow.

[0102] FIG4 is a schematic flow chart of a method 400 for determining the QoS of a sensing task according to an embodiment of the present application. The method can optionally be applied to any of the systems shown in FIG1-FIG3, but is not limited thereto. The method includes at least part of the following contents.

[0103] S410. The terminal device sends a first message, where the first message carries perception parameter information.

[0104] S420. The terminal device receives QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

[0105] After the terminal device receives the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information, it can perform data packet mapping based on the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

[0106] In some embodiments, the sensing parameter information may refer to parameters characterizing sensing service classification, for example, the sensing parameter information includes at least one of sensing type (Sensing Type), sensing scenario (Sensing Scenario), sensing service level (Sensing service level) and sensing area (Sensing Area).

[0107] In some examples, a terminal device may send a first message carrying perception parameter information to a first network device (such as an SMF). Afterwards, the first network device obtains QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information from a second network device (such as a PCF), and sends the obtained QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information to the terminal device, so that the terminal device can perform data packet mapping based on the QoS information.

[0108] The first message may include a session establishment request or a session modification request.

[0109] The manner in which the perception parameter information is carried in the first message may include:

[0110] The first message carries the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and the perception parameter information; or,

[0111] The first message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow, and the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes perception parameter information.

[0112] That is, the perception parameter information may be transmitted as an item in the first message, or may be transmitted as an item in the identification information corresponding to the service data flow.

[0113] For example, the identification information corresponding to the service data flow may be a packet filter, which may include the user plane address information of the SF. The first message may carry the packet filter and the perception parameter information; or the first message may carry the packet filter, which includes the user plane address information of the SF and the perception parameter information.

[0114] The embodiment of the present application classifies the perception services (different perception parameter information corresponds to different classifications), and configures corresponding QoS information (such as QoS parameters) for each classification, and the configuration can be saved on the network side. When the terminal device reports the perception data, it sends the perception parameter information corresponding to the perception service to the network device, and receives the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information from the network side, so that data packets can be mapped based on the QoS information. The configuration of QoS-related parameters is implemented, and the QoS requirements for the transmission of perception service data on the user plane are guaranteed, thereby ensuring that the UE can meet the requirements of the perception service when transmitting perception data through the user plane, thereby ensuring the normal execution of the perception service.

[0115] The following describes an example of interaction between a terminal device, a first network device, and a second network device. In the following example, the first network device may include an SMF, and the second network device may include a PCF. The first network device is primarily configured to establish a session with the terminal device, obtain QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information from the second network device, and provide the QoS information to the terminal device. The second network device is primarily configured to pre-configure QoS information corresponding to each of the multiple perception parameter information. Alternatively, the second network device may obtain QoS information corresponding to each of the multiple perception parameter information from other network elements such as an application function (AF), a network exposure function (NEF), or a network data analytics function (NWDAF), and upon receiving a request from the first network device, provide the first network device with the QoS information corresponding to the requested perception parameter information. In other examples, the first network device and the second network device may not be limited to the aforementioned network elements; they only need to have the aforementioned functions. Figure 5 is a schematic flow chart of a method 500 for determining the QoS of a perception task according to an embodiment of the present application. The method may optionally be applied to any of the systems shown in Figures 1-3, but is not limited thereto. The method includes at least part of the following content.

[0116] S510. The terminal device sends a first message to the first network device, where the first message carries perception parameter information.

[0117] The perception parameter information may include at least one of a perception type, a perception scenario, a perception service level, and a perception area.

[0118] The first message may include a session establishment request or a session modification request.

[0119] The first message may carry identification information and perception parameter information corresponding to the perception service data stream; or, the first message may carry identification information corresponding to the perception service data stream, and the identification information corresponding to the perception service data stream includes perception parameter information.

[0120] Accordingly, the first network device receives the first message from the terminal device and reads the perception parameter information from the first message; or, the first network device reads the perception parameter information from the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow carried in the first message.

[0121] S520: The first network device sends a second message to the second network device, where the second message carries the perception parameter information. Correspondingly, the second network device receives the second message.

[0122] In one example, the second message may include a policy request message; the first network device requests the second network device to authorize a new QoS through the policy request message.

[0123] The second message may carry the identification information corresponding to the perception service data stream and the perception parameter information; or the second message may carry the identification information corresponding to the perception service data stream, and the identification information corresponding to the perception service data stream includes the perception parameter information. For example, the identification information corresponding to the perception service data stream carried in the second message may include a packet filter (Packet Filter), and the packet filter (Packet Filter) may include the user plane address information of the SF. The second message may carry a packet filter (Packet Filter) and the perception parameter information; or the second message may carry a packet filter (Packet Filter), and the packet filter (Packet Filter) includes the perception parameter information in addition to the user plane address information of the SF.

[0124] S530: The second network device determines the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information carried in the second message according to the perception parameter information carried in the second message and the pre-configured mapping relationship between the perception parameter information and the QoS information.

[0125] S540. The second network device sends a third message to the first network device. The third message carries QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

[0126] In one example, the third message may include a policy request response. For example, the policy request response carries a Policy and Charging Control (PCC) rule, and the PCC rule includes QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

[0127] For example, the PCC rule may include the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information; or the PCC rule may include the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and the corresponding QoS information, wherein the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes the perception parameter information. The identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow may also include the user plane address information of the SF,

[0128] That is, the perception parameter information may be transmitted as one of the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow, or the perception parameter information may also be transmitted as indication information corresponding to the PCC rule.

[0129] For example, the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow may be a service data flow template (Service Data Flow Template), which may include the user plane address information of the SF. The PCC rule may include the service data flow template (Service Data Flow Template) and QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information; or the PCC rule may include a service data flow template (Service Data Flow Template), which, in addition to including the user plane address information of the SF, also includes the perception parameter information.

[0130] S550. The first network device sends QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information to the terminal device.

[0131] For example, the first network device sends a QoS rule to the UE, which may include identification information and perception parameter information corresponding to the perception service data flow, and QoS information corresponding to the two; or, the QoS rule includes identification information and corresponding QoS information corresponding to the perception service data flow, wherein the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes perception parameter information.

[0132] That is, the perception parameter information may be transmitted as one of the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow, or the perception parameter information may also be transmitted as indication information corresponding to the QoS rule.

[0133] For example, the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow may be a packet filter set (Packet Filter Set). The QoS rule may include a packet filter set (Packet Filter Set) and perception parameter information, and also include QoS information corresponding to the two; or, the QoS rule may include a packet filter set (Packet Filter Set) and corresponding QoS information, and the packet filter set (Packet Filter Set) includes the perception parameter information.

[0134] Afterwards, the terminal device can perform data packet mapping based on the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information, thereby ensuring that the UE can meet the needs of the perception service when transmitting perception data through the user plane, thereby ensuring the normal execution of the perception service.

[0135] Figure 6 is a schematic flow chart of an implementation method for determining the QoS of a perception task according to the present application. The method can optionally be applied to any system shown in Figures 1 to 3, but is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, the first network device is specifically an SMF and the second network device is specifically a PCF for introduction. QoS-related information related to perception is pre-configured at the PCF, such as pre-configuring and saving the mapping relationship between perception parameter information and QoS information. After the SF or LMF receives the perception request and selects the corresponding UE, it sends user plane information (IP address information, FQDN information, etc.) for perception data interaction to the UE. When the UE initiates a PDU session establishment / modification request based on the user plane information, it carries the perception-related information. After that, the PCF receives the requested session and completes the QoS configuration of the user plane connection corresponding to the perception task. As shown in Figure 6, this embodiment includes at least part of the following content.

[0136] S600, pre-configure QoS information related to the perception parameter information at the PCF; or, PCF obtains QoS information corresponding to each perception parameter information in multiple perception parameter information from other network elements such as AF / NEF / NWDAF

[0137] For example, the mapping relationship between the perception parameter information and the QoS information is pre-stored in the PCF, or the mapping relationship between the perception parameter information and the QoS information is obtained from other network elements such as the AF / NEF / NWDAF.

[0138] The sensing parameter information may include parameters representing sensing service classification, such as Sensing Type (sensing type), Sensing Scenario (sensing scenario), Sensing service level (sensing service level), and Sensing Area (sensing area).

[0139] QoS information may include parameters such as 5QI, Maximum Flow Bit Rate (MFBR), Packet Delay Budget (PDB), and Maximum Data Burst Volume (MDBV).

[0140] S601, SF or LMF receives a perception request, which includes perception task / service / session information and may also include perception service requirement information. The perception service requirement information may include perception parameter information of the perception service.

[0141] For example, SF receives perception requests from AMF, Gateway Mobile Location Centre (GMLC), Network Exposure Function (NEF), Application Function (AF), etc.

[0142] The perception task / service / session information may include perception target information, such as target area, target UE, target object features, etc.

[0143] The perceived service demand information may include at least one of the following:

[0144] (1) Requested sensing mode (e.g., UE sensing, base station sensing, UE-base station collaborative sensing, etc.);

[0145] (2) Perception business type (also known as perception scenario, such as object detection and tracking, environmental monitoring, motion monitoring, etc.)

[0146] (3) Perception service level (different perception scenarios or use cases may have corresponding level divisions);

[0147] (4) Perception area (e.g., indoor or outdoor, area size, type of perceived target, etc.);

[0148] (5) confidence level (reliability of perceived results);

[0149] (6) Position estimation accuracy (including horizontal and vertical position accuracy (meters / decimeters / centimeters, etc.));

[0150] (7) Velocity estimation accuracy (including horizontal and vertical velocity accuracy);

[0151] (8) Perception resolution (such as resolution and speed resolution, etc.),

[0152] (9) Maximum perceived service delay;

[0153] (10) Refresh rate (such as the number of refreshes per second, etc.);

[0154] (11) Missed alarm rate;

[0155] (12) False alarm rate.

[0156] The above-mentioned information on the requirements of the sensing service is not exhaustive. In other embodiments of the present application, other information for limiting the requirements of the sensing service may also be included.

[0157] S602, SF or LMF discovers the corresponding UE device based on the perception target information. Specifically, SF or LMF can discover the corresponding UE device by querying other network elements (such as AMF, unified data management network element (Unified Data Management, UDM), unified data repository (Unified Data Repository, UDR)), etc.), or by querying local information. The SF determines the UE to perform the perception task / service, or the UE to join the perception session based on the UE device discovered through the query, the perception capability information of the UE device, the perception service requirement information, etc.

[0158] S603: SF or LMF sends a sensing task to the UE determined in step S602, which includes one or more items of the requirement information in step S601, such as sensing mode, sensing service type, sensing area, etc.

[0159] S604. After receiving the sensing requirement, the UE initiates a session establishment / modification request to the SMF, which carries the sensing parameter information. The sensing parameter information may specifically include parameters that characterize the sensing service classification, such as Sensing Type, Sensing Scenario, Sensing service level, and Sensing Area. The session establishment / modification request may also carry identification information corresponding to the sensing service data flow (such as packet filter); the identification information corresponding to the sensing service data flow (such as packet filter) includes the user plane address information of the target SF, etc.

[0160] Alternatively, the perception parameter information may also be transmitted as one of the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow. That is, the session establishment / modification request sent by the UE carries the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow (such as the packet filter); the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow (such as the packet filter) includes the user plane address information of the target SF and also includes the perception parameter information.

[0161] S605. The SMF sends a policy request message to the PCF, requesting the PCF to authorize a new QoS. The policy request message carries the perception parameter information and may also carry identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow (such as a packet filter). The identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow (such as a packet filter) includes the user plane address information of the target SF.

[0162] Alternatively, the perception parameter information may be transmitted as one of the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow. That is, the policy request message carries the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow (such as the packet filter); the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow (such as the packet filter) includes the user plane address information of the target SF and also includes the perception parameter information.

[0163] S606. The PCF determines the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information based on the perception parameter information and the pre-configured mapping relationship, and generates a policy and charging control rule (PCC rule) corresponding to the perception service flow.

[0164] S607: The PCF sends the updated PCC rule to the SMF. For example, the PCF sends a policy request response to the SMF, the policy request response carries the PCC rule, and the PCC rule includes QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

[0165] Specifically, the PCC rule may include the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information; or, the PCC rule may include the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and the corresponding QoS information, wherein the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes the perception parameter information. The identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow may also include the user plane address information of the SF,

[0166] That is, the perception parameter information may be transmitted as one of the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow, or the perception parameter information may also be transmitted as indication information corresponding to the PCC rule.

[0167] For example, the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow may be a service data flow template (Service Data Flow Template), which may include the user plane address information of the SF. The PCC rule may include the service data flow template (Service Data Flow Template) and QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information; or the PCC rule may include a service data flow template (Service Data Flow Template), which, in addition to including the user plane address information of the SF, also includes the perception parameter information.

[0168] S608: UE and SMF perform QoS update. For example, SMF sends QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information to the terminal device.

[0169] For example, the SMF sends a QoS rule to the UE, which may include identification information and perception parameter information corresponding to the perception service data flow, and QoS information corresponding to the two; or, the QoS rule includes identification information and corresponding QoS information corresponding to the perception service data flow, wherein the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes perception parameter information.

[0170] That is, the perception parameter information may be transmitted as one of the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow, or the perception parameter information may also be transmitted as indication information corresponding to the QoS rule.

[0171] For example, the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow may be a packet filter set (Packet Filter Set). The QoS rule may include a packet filter set (Packet Filter Set) and perception parameter information, and also include QoS information corresponding to the two; or, the QoS rule may include a packet filter set (Packet Filter Set) and corresponding QoS information, and the packet filter set (Packet Filter Set) includes the perception parameter information.

[0172] Subsequently, the terminal device can perform data packet mapping based on the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

[0173] This embodiment classifies the perception services and pre-configures corresponding QoS parameters in the PCF for each classification. When the UE initiates a session establishment / modification request to the SMF and the SMF initiates a session establishment / modification request to the PCF, the perception parameter information is carried. The PCF obtains the corresponding QoS information and implements the configuration of QoS-related parameters, thereby ensuring the QoS requirements for the transmission of perception service data on the user plane, and ensuring that the UE can meet the requirements of the perception service when transmitting perception data through the user plane, thereby ensuring the normal execution of the perception service.

[0174] In the above-mentioned method and specific implementation method for determining the QoS of a perception task, a terminal device requests corresponding QoS information for a specific perception service. The following describes another method for determining the QoS of a perception task. In this method, when a terminal device requests session establishment / modification, the PCF, upon determining that the session is for transmitting perception data, sends QoS information for all possible perception service classifications to the terminal device. The terminal device then determines the corresponding QoS information based on the perception service classification (e.g., based on perception parameter information) and then performs data packet mapping based on this QoS information.

[0175] Figure 7 is a schematic flow chart of a method 700 for determining QoS for a sensing task according to an embodiment of the present application. In the following example, a first network device may include an SMF, and a second network device may include a PCF. The first network device is primarily configured to establish a session with a terminal device, obtain QoS information corresponding to multiple sensing parameter information from the second network device, and provide the obtained QoS information corresponding to the multiple sensing parameter information to the terminal device. The second network device is primarily configured to pre-configure QoS information corresponding to each of the multiple sensing parameter information, or obtain QoS information corresponding to each of the multiple sensing parameter information from another network element such as an AF / NEF / NWDAF, and upon receiving a request from the first network device, provide the first network device with QoS information corresponding to each of the pre-configured multiple sensing parameter information. After receiving the QoS information corresponding to each of the multiple sensing parameter information, the terminal device determines the QoS information corresponding to the sensing parameter information of the current sensing service and performs data packet mapping based on the QoS information. In other examples, the first network device and the second network device may not be limited to the aforementioned network elements; they only need to have the aforementioned functionality. This method may optionally be applied to any of the systems shown in Figures 1-3, but is not limited thereto. The method includes at least part of the following.

[0176] S710. The second network device sends a fifth message to the first network device. The fifth message carries QoS information corresponding to each piece of perception parameter information in one or more pieces of perception parameter information.

[0177] The second network device pre-saves a mapping relationship between one or more perception parameter information and QoS information.

[0178] In some embodiments, the perception parameter information includes at least one of a perception type, a perception scenario, a perception service level, and a perception area.

[0179] In some implementations, the fifth message may include a policy request response.

[0180] In one example, the fifth message may include a policy request response.

[0181] In some implementations, the fifth message may carry one or more PCC rules, and each PCC rule includes QoS information corresponding to a perception parameter information.

[0182] For example, the PCC rule may include the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information; or the PCC rule may include the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and the corresponding QoS information, wherein the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes the perception parameter information. The identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow may also include the user plane address information of the SF,

[0183] That is, the perception parameter information may be transmitted as one of the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow, or the perception parameter information may also be transmitted as indication information corresponding to the PCC rule.

[0184] For example, the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow may be a service data flow template (Service Data Flow Template), which may include the user plane address information of the SF. The first PCC rule may include the service data flow template (Service Data Flow Template) and QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information; or the PCC rule may include a service data flow template (Service Data Flow Template), which, in addition to including the user plane address information of the SF, also includes the perception parameter information.

[0185] Correspondingly, the first network device receives the fifth message from the second network device, and obtains QoS information corresponding to each piece of perception parameter information in the one or more pieces of perception parameter information from the fifth message.

[0186] S720. The first network device sends a fourth message to the terminal device. The fourth message may carry one or more QoS rules, and each QoS rule includes QoS information corresponding to a perception parameter information.

[0187] In some implementations, the fourth message includes a session establishment response or a session modification response.

[0188] For example, the fourth message carries one or more QoS rules, and the QoS rules may include identification information and perception parameter information corresponding to the perception service data flow, and also include QoS information corresponding to the two; or, the QoS rules include identification information and corresponding QoS information corresponding to the perception service data flow, wherein the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes perception parameter information.

[0189] That is, the perception parameter information may be transmitted as one of the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow, or the perception parameter information may also be transmitted as indication information corresponding to the QoS rule.

[0190] For example, the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow may be a packet filter set (Packet Filter Set). The QoS rule may include a packet filter set (Packet Filter Set) and perception parameter information, and also include QoS information corresponding to the two; or, the QoS rule may include a packet filter set (Packet Filter Set) and corresponding QoS information, and the packet filter set (Packet Filter Set) includes the perception parameter information.

[0191] Correspondingly, the terminal device receives the fourth information and obtains QoS information corresponding to each piece of the one or more pieces of perception parameter information from the fourth information.

[0192] S730: The terminal device determines QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information of the perception service based on the perception parameter information of the perception service and the QoS information corresponding to each of the one or more perception parameter information obtained in step S720. The terminal device performs data packet mapping based on the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information. This ensures that when the UE transmits perception data through the user plane, the requirements of various perception services can be met, thereby ensuring the normal execution of various perception services.

[0193] This solution eliminates the need to carry information about the upcoming sensory services when the UE sends a session establishment / modification request. Instead, the PCF directly delivers the QoS information applicable to each category, which the UE then maps based on the identified sensory services. Compared to the first method for determining the QoS of sensory services, this solution supports QoS determination for multiple sensory services through a single configuration, reducing the number of signaling interactions.

[0194] FIG8 is a schematic flow chart of an implementation method for determining the QoS of a perception task according to the present application. The method can optionally be applied to any system shown in FIG1 to FIG3, but is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, the first network device is specifically an SMF and the second network device is specifically a PCF for introduction. QoS-related information related to perception is pre-configured at the PCF, such as pre-configuring and saving the mapping relationship between perception parameter information and QoS information. After the SF or LMF receives the perception request and selects the corresponding UE, it sends user plane information (IP address information, FQDN information, etc.) for perception data interaction to the UE. The UE initiates a PDU session establishment / modification request based on the user plane information and obtains the QoS information corresponding to each perception service classification (corresponding perception parameter information) from the network device; subsequently, the UE can determine the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information of the current perception service based on the perception parameter information of the current perception service and the QoS information corresponding to each perception service classification (corresponding perception parameter information), and perform data packet mapping based on the QoS information. As shown in FIG8, this embodiment includes at least part of the following content.

[0195] S800-S803 are the same as the above steps S600-S603 and will not be repeated here.

[0196] S804. After receiving the perception requirement, the UE initiates a session establishment / modification request to the SMF, which carries the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow (such as the packet filter), and also carries the data network name (DNN) and / or single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI) corresponding to the perception service. Among them, the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow (such as the packet filter) includes the user plane address information of the target SF.

[0197] S805. The SMF sends a policy request message to the PCF to request the PCF to authorize a new QoS. The policy request message may carry the DNN and / or S-NSSAI information corresponding to the perception service, as well as the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow (such as the packet filter). The identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow (such as the packet filter) includes the user plane address information of the target SF.

[0198] S806: The PCF can identify the service as a perception service based on the DNN and / or S-NSSAI information carried in the policy request message and detect the PCC rule corresponding to the perception service flow based on the pre-stored mapping relationship between the perception parameter information and the QoS information.

[0199] S807: The PCF sends the updated PCC rule to the SMF. For example, the PCF sends a policy request response to the SMF, the policy request response carries the PCC rule, and the PCC rule includes QoS information corresponding to each perception parameter information.

[0200] Specifically, the policy request response carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and one or more PCC rules, and each PCC rule contains QoS information corresponding to a perception parameter information.

[0201] For example, the PCC rule may include the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information; or the PCC rule may include the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and the corresponding QoS information, wherein the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes the perception parameter information. The identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow may also include the user plane address information of the SF,

[0202] That is, the perception parameter information may be transmitted as one of the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow, or the perception parameter information may also be transmitted as indication information corresponding to the PCC rule.

[0203] For example, the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow may be a service data flow template (Service Data Flow Template), which may include the user plane address information of the SF. The first PCC rule may include the service data flow template (Service Data Flow Template) and QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information; or the PCC rule may include a service data flow template (Service Data Flow Template), which, in addition to including the user plane address information of the SF, also includes the perception parameter information.

[0204] S808: After receiving the PCC rule sent by the PCF, the SMF generates a QoS rule (QoS rule) for the UE based on the PCC rule and sends it to the UE. For example, the SMF sends a session establishment response or session modification response to the UE. The session establishment response or session modification response may carry one or more QoS rules, each of which contains QoS information corresponding to a perception parameter.

[0205] For example, the QoS rules may include identification information and perception parameter information corresponding to the perception service data flow, and also include QoS information corresponding to the two; or, the QoS rules may include identification information and corresponding QoS information corresponding to the perception service data flow, wherein the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes perception parameter information.

[0206] That is, the perception parameter information may be transmitted as one of the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow, or the perception parameter information may also be transmitted as indication information corresponding to the QoS rule.

[0207] For example, the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow may be a packet filter set (Packet Filter Set). The QoS rule may include a packet filter set (Packet Filter Set) and perception parameter information, and also include QoS information corresponding to the two; or, the QoS rule may include a packet filter set (Packet Filter Set) and corresponding QoS information, and the packet filter set (Packet Filter Set) includes the perception parameter information.

[0208] S809. The UE receives the corresponding QoS rule issued by the SMF, determines the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information of the current perception service according to the QoS information corresponding to each perception parameter information contained in the QoS rule and the perception parameter information of the current perception service, and performs data packet mapping based on the QoS information.

[0209] In this implementation, when the UE sends a session establishment / modification request, it does not need to carry information related to the upcoming perception service. Instead, the PCF directly delivers QoS information corresponding to each category (different categories correspond to different perception parameter information), and the UE subsequently performs mapping based on the determined perception service. This approach can simultaneously support QoS determination for multiple perception services, reducing the number of signaling interactions.

[0210] The present application also provides a terminal device. FIG9 is a schematic block diagram of a terminal device 900 according to an embodiment of the present application. The terminal device 900 may include:

[0211] A first sending module 910 is configured to send a first message, where the first message carries perception parameter information;

[0212] The first receiving module 920 is configured to receive QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

[0213] In some embodiments, the perception parameter information includes at least one of a perception type, a perception scenario, a perception service level, and a perception area.

[0214] In some implementations, the first message includes a session establishment request or a session modification request.

[0215] In some implementations, the first message carries perception parameter information including:

[0216] The first message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and the perception parameter information; or,

[0217] The first message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow, and the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes the perception parameter information.

[0218] FIG10 is a schematic block diagram of a terminal device 1000 according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG10 , the terminal device 1000 includes a first sending module 910, a first receiving module 920, and further includes:

[0219] The first mapping module 1030 is configured to perform data packet mapping based on the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

[0220] The terminal device 900 and the terminal device 1000 of the embodiment of the present application can implement the corresponding functions of the terminal device in the aforementioned method embodiment. The processes, functions, implementation methods and beneficial effects corresponding to the various modules (sub-modules, units or components, etc.) in the terminal device 900 and the terminal device 1000 can be found in the corresponding descriptions in the above-mentioned method embodiments, which will not be repeated here. It should be noted that the functions described in the various modules (sub-modules, units or components, etc.) in the terminal device 900 and the terminal device 1000 of the embodiment of the application can be implemented by different modules (sub-modules, units or components, etc.) or by the same module (sub-module, unit or component, etc.).

[0221] The present application also provides a first network device. FIG11 is a schematic block diagram of a first network device 1100 according to an embodiment of the present application. The first network device 1100 may include:

[0222] The second receiving module 1110 is configured to receive a first message from a terminal device, where the first message carries perception parameter information;

[0223] The second sending module 1120 is configured to send a second message to a second network device, where the second message carries the perception parameter information.

[0224] In some embodiments, the second receiving module 1110 is further configured to receive a third message from the second network device, where the third message carries QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information;

[0225] The second sending module 1120 is further used to send QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information to the terminal device.

[0226] In some embodiments, the perception parameter information includes at least one of a perception type, a perception scenario, a perception service level, and a perception area.

[0227] In some implementations, the first message includes a session establishment request or a session modification request.

[0228] In some implementations, the first message carries perception parameter information including:

[0229] The first message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and the perception parameter information; or,

[0230] The first message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow, and the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes the perception parameter information.

[0231] In some implementations, the second message comprises a policy request message.

[0232] In some implementations, the second message carries the perception parameter information, including:

[0233] The second message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and the perception parameter information; or,

[0234] The second message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow, and the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes the perception parameter information.

[0235] In some implementations, the first network device includes an SMF.

[0236] In some embodiments, the second network device includes a PCF.

[0237] The first network device 1100 of the embodiment of the present application can implement the corresponding functions of the first network device in the aforementioned method embodiment. The corresponding processes, functions, implementation methods and beneficial effects of each module (sub-module, unit or component, etc.) in the first network device 1100 can be found in the corresponding description in the above method embodiment, and will not be repeated here. It should be noted that the functions described in the various modules (sub-module, unit or component, etc.) in the first network device 1100 of the embodiment of the application can be implemented by different modules (sub-module, unit or component, etc.) or by the same module (sub-module, unit or component, etc.).

[0238] The embodiment of the present application further provides a second network device 1200. FIG12 is a schematic block diagram of the second network device 1200 according to an embodiment of the present application. The second network device 1200 may include:

[0239] The third receiving module 1210 is configured to receive a second message, where the second message carries perception parameter information;

[0240] A first determining module 1220 is configured for the second network device to determine, based on the parameter information and a mapping relationship between the perception parameter information and the QoS information, the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information;

[0241] The third sending module 1230 is configured to send a third message, where the third message carries QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

[0242] In some implementations, the first determining module 1220 stores a mapping relationship between the perception parameter information and the QoS information.

[0243] In some embodiments, the perception parameter information includes at least one of a perception type, a perception scenario, a perception service level, and a perception area.

[0244] In some implementations, the second message comprises a policy request message.

[0245] In some implementations, the second message carries perception parameter information including:

[0246] The second message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and the perception parameter information; or,

[0247] The second message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow, and the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes the perception parameter information.

[0248] In some implementations, the third message includes a policy request response.

[0249] In some implementations, the policy request response carries a PCC rule, and the PCC rule includes QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

[0250] In some implementations, the PCC rule includes QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information, including:

[0251] The PCC rule includes identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information; or

[0252] The PCC rule includes identification information and QoS information corresponding to the perception service data flow, and the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes the perception parameter information.

[0253] In some embodiments, the second network device includes a PCF.

[0254] The second network device 1200 of the embodiment of the present application can implement the corresponding functions of the second network device in the aforementioned method embodiment. The corresponding processes, functions, implementation methods and beneficial effects of each module (sub-module, unit or component, etc.) in the second network device 1200 can be found in the corresponding description in the above method embodiment, and will not be repeated here. It should be noted that the functions described in the various modules (sub-module, unit or component, etc.) in the second network device 1200 of the embodiment of the application can be implemented by different modules (sub-module, unit or component, etc.) or by the same module (sub-module, unit or component, etc.).

[0255] The present application also provides a terminal device 1300. FIG13 is a schematic block diagram of the terminal device 1300 according to an embodiment of the present application. The terminal device 1300 may include:

[0256] The fourth receiving module 1310 is configured to receive a fourth message, where the fourth message carries QoS information corresponding to each piece of perception parameter information in one or more pieces of perception parameter information.

[0257] The present application also provides a terminal device 1400. FIG14 is a schematic block diagram of the terminal device 1400 according to an embodiment of the present application. The terminal device 1400 includes a fourth receiving module 1310 and further includes:

[0258] The second determining module 1420 is configured to determine QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information based on the perception parameter information of the perception service;

[0259] The second mapping module 1430 is used to perform data packet mapping based on the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

[0260] In some embodiments, the perception parameter information includes at least one of a perception type, a perception scenario, a perception service level, and a perception area.

[0261] In some implementations, the fourth message includes a session establishment response or a session modification response.

[0262] In some implementations, the fourth message carries QoS information corresponding to each piece of perception parameter information in the one or more pieces of perception parameter information, including:

[0263] The fourth message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and the perception parameter information, as well as corresponding QoS information; or,

[0264] The fourth message carries identification information and corresponding QoS information corresponding to the perception service data flow, and the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes the perception parameter information.

[0265] The terminal devices 1300 and 1400 of the embodiments of the present application can implement the corresponding functions of the terminal devices in the aforementioned method embodiments. The processes, functions, implementation methods and beneficial effects corresponding to the various modules (sub-modules, units or components, etc.) in the terminal devices 1300 and 1400 can be found in the corresponding descriptions in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here. It should be noted that the functions described in the various modules (sub-modules, units or components, etc.) in the network device 500 of the embodiment of the application can be implemented by different modules (sub-modules, units or components, etc.) or by the same module (sub-module, unit or component, etc.).

[0266] The present application also provides a first network device 1500. FIG15 is a schematic block diagram of the first network device 1500 according to an embodiment of the present application. The first network device 1500 includes:

[0267] A fifth receiving module 1510 is configured to receive a fifth message from the second network device, where the fifth message carries QoS information corresponding to each of the one or more perception parameter information;

[0268] The fifth sending module 1520 is configured to send a fourth message to the terminal device, where the fourth message carries QoS information corresponding to each piece of perception parameter information in the one or more pieces of perception parameter information.

[0269] In some embodiments, the perception parameter information includes at least one of a perception type, a perception scenario, a perception service level, and a perception area.

[0270] In some implementations, the fifth message includes a policy request response.

[0271] In some implementations, the fourth message includes a session establishment response or a session modification response.

[0272] In some implementations, the fourth message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and the one or more perception parameter information, and QoS information corresponding to each of the perception parameter information; or

[0273] The fourth message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and QoS information corresponding to each perception parameter information, and the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes the one or more perception parameter information.

[0274] In some implementations, the first network device includes an SMF.

[0275] In some embodiments, the second network device includes a PCF.

[0276] The first network device 1500 of the embodiment of the present application can implement the corresponding functions of the network device in the aforementioned method embodiment. The corresponding processes, functions, implementation methods and beneficial effects of each module (sub-module, unit or component, etc.) in the first network device 1500 can be found in the corresponding description in the above method embodiment, and will not be repeated here. It should be noted that the functions described in the various modules (sub-module, unit or component, etc.) in the first network device 1500 of the embodiment of the application can be implemented by different modules (sub-module, unit or component, etc.) or by the same module (sub-module, unit or component, etc.).

[0277] The embodiment of the present application further provides a second network device 1600. FIG16 is a schematic block diagram of the second network device 1600 according to an embodiment of the present application. The second network device 1600 may include:

[0278] The sixth sending module 1610 is configured to send a fifth message, where the fifth message carries QoS information corresponding to each piece of perception parameter information in the one or more pieces of perception parameter information.

[0279] In some implementations, the second network device stores a mapping relationship between one or more perception parameter information and QoS information.

[0280] In some embodiments, the perception parameter information includes at least one of a perception type, a perception scenario, a perception service level, and a perception area.

[0281] In some implementations, the fifth message includes a policy request response.

[0282] In some embodiments, the fifth message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and one or more PCC rules, where the PCC rules include identification information, perception parameter information, and corresponding QoS information corresponding to the perception service data flow; or, the PCC rules include identification information and corresponding QoS information corresponding to the perception service data flow, where the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes the perception parameter information.

[0283] In some embodiments, the second network device includes a PCF.

[0284] The second network device 1600 of the embodiment of the present application can implement the corresponding functions of the second network device in the aforementioned method embodiment. The corresponding processes, functions, implementation methods and beneficial effects of each module (sub-module, unit or component, etc.) in the second network device 1600 can be found in the corresponding description in the above method embodiment, and will not be repeated here. It should be noted that the functions described in the various modules (sub-module, unit or component, etc.) in the second network device 1600 of the embodiment of the application can be implemented by different modules (sub-module, unit or component, etc.) or by the same module (sub-module, unit or component, etc.).

[0285] Figure 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 1700 according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 1700 includes a processor 1710, which can call and execute a computer program from a memory to enable the communication device 1700 to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0286] In one embodiment, the communication device 1700 may further include a memory 1720. The processor 1710 may call and execute a computer program from the memory 1720 to enable the communication device 1700 to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0287] The memory 1720 may be a separate device independent of the processor 1710 , or may be integrated into the processor 1710 .

[0288] In one embodiment, the communication device 1700 may further include a transceiver 1730 , and the processor 1710 may control the transceiver 1730 to communicate with other devices. Specifically, the transceiver 1730 may send information or data to other devices, or receive information or data sent by other devices.

[0289] The transceiver 1730 may include a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 1730 may further include an antenna, and the number of antennas may be one or more.

[0290] In one embodiment, the communication device 1700 may be a terminal device of an embodiment of the present application, and the communication device 1700 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the terminal device in each method of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0291] In one embodiment, the communication device 1700 may be the first network device of the embodiment of the present application, and the communication device 1700 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the first network device in each method of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0292] In one embodiment, the communication device 1700 may be the second network device of the embodiment of the present application, and the communication device 1700 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the second network device in each method of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0293] 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip 1800 according to an embodiment of the present application. The chip 1800 includes a processor 1810, which can call and execute a computer program from a memory to implement the method according to the embodiment of the present application.

[0294] In one embodiment, the chip 1800 may further include a memory 1820. The processor 1810 may call and execute a computer program from the memory 1820 to implement the method executed by the terminal device or the network device in the embodiment of the present application.

[0295] The memory 1820 may be a separate device independent of the processor 1810 , or may be integrated into the processor 1810 .

[0296] In one embodiment, the chip 1800 may further include an input interface 1830. The processor 1810 may control the input interface 1830 to communicate with other devices or chips, and specifically, may obtain information or data sent by other devices or chips.

[0297] In one embodiment, the chip 1800 may further include an output interface 1840. The processor 1810 may control the output interface 1840 to communicate with other devices or chips, and specifically, may output information or data to other devices or chips.

[0298] In one embodiment, the chip can be applied to the terminal device in the embodiments of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the terminal device in each method of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0299] In one embodiment, the chip can be applied to the first network device in the embodiment of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in each method of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0300] In one embodiment, the chip can be applied to the second network device in the embodiment of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in each method of the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0301] The chips used in the network device and the terminal device may be the same chip or different chips.

[0302] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can also be called a system-level chip, a system chip, a chip system or a system-on-chip chip, etc.

[0303] The processor mentioned above may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor mentioned above may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc.

[0304] The memory mentioned above may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories. The non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM).

[0305] It should be understood that the above-mentioned memories are exemplary but not restrictive. For example, the memories in the embodiments of the present application may also be static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct RAM RAM (DR RAM), etc. In other words, the memories in the embodiments of the present application are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memories.

[0306] In the above embodiments, it can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When software is used for implementation, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function in accordance with the embodiment of the present application is generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from a website, computer, server or data center by wired (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) mode to another website, computer, server or data center. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more available media integrations. The available medium may be a magnetic medium (eg, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (eg, a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (eg, a solid state disk (SSD)).

[0307] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0308] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0309] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for determining a quality of service (QoS) of a perception task, comprising: The terminal device sends a first message, where the first message carries perception parameter information; The terminal device receives QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The perception parameter information includes at least one of a perception type, a perception scenario, a perception service level, and a perception area.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The first message includes a session establishment request or a session modification request.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The first message carries perception parameter information, including: The first message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and the perception parameter information; or, The first message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow, and the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes the perception parameter information.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4 also includes that the terminal device performs data packet mapping based on the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

6. A method for determining QoS of a sensing task, comprising: The first network device receives a first message from the terminal device, where the first message carries perception parameter information; The first network device sends a second message to the second network device, where the second message carries the perception parameter information.

7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising: The first network device receives a third message from the second network device, where the third message carries QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information; The first network device sends QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information to the terminal device.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein: The perception parameter information includes at least one of a perception type, a perception scenario, a perception service level, and a perception area.

9. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein: The first message includes a session establishment request or a session modification request.

10. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein: The first message carries perception parameter information, including: The first message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and the perception parameter information; or, The first message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow, and the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes the perception parameter information.

11. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein: The second message includes a policy request message.

12. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 11, wherein: The second message carries the perception parameter information, including: The second message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and the perception parameter information; or, The second message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow, and the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes the perception parameter information.

13. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 12, wherein: The first network device comprises a session management function SMF.

14. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 12, wherein: The second network device comprises a policy control function PCF.

15. A method for determining QoS of a sensing task, comprising: The second network device receives a second message, where the second message carries the perception parameter information; The second network device determines, according to the parameter information and a mapping relationship between the perception parameter information and the QoS information, the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information; The second network device sends a third message, and the third message carries QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

16. The method according to claim 15 further includes, the second network device saving a mapping relationship between the perception parameter information and the QoS information.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, wherein: The perception parameter information includes at least one of a perception type, a perception scenario, a perception service level, and a perception area.

18. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein: The second message includes a policy request message.

19. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein: The second message carries the perception parameter information, including: The second message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and the perception parameter information; or, The second message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow, and the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes the perception parameter information.

20. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 19, wherein: The third message includes a policy request response.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein: The policy request response carries a PCC rule, and the PCC rule includes QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein: The PCC rule contains QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information, including: The PCC rule includes identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information; or The PCC rule includes identification information and corresponding QoS information corresponding to the perception service data flow, and the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes the perception parameter information.

23. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 22, wherein: The second network device includes a PCF.

24. A method for determining QoS of a sensing task, comprising: The terminal device receives a fourth message, which carries QoS information corresponding to each perception parameter information in one or more perception parameter information.

25. The method according to claim 24, further comprising, The terminal device determines, according to the perception parameter information of the perception service, the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information; The terminal device performs data packet mapping based on the QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

26. The method according to claim 24 or 25, wherein: The perception parameter information includes at least one of a perception type, a perception scenario, a perception service level, and a perception area.

27. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein: The fourth message includes a session establishment response or a session modification response.

28. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 27, wherein: The fourth message carries QoS information corresponding to each of the one or more pieces of perception parameter information, including: The fourth message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and the perception parameter information, as well as corresponding QoS information; or, The fourth message carries identification information and corresponding QoS information corresponding to the perception service data flow, and the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes the perception parameter information.

29. A method for determining QoS of a sensing task, comprising: The first network device receives a fifth message from the second network device, where the fifth message carries QoS information corresponding to each of the one or more perception parameter information; The first network device sends a fourth message to the terminal device, and the fourth message carries QoS information corresponding to each perception parameter information in one or more perception parameter information.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein: The perception parameter information includes at least one of a perception type, a perception scenario, a perception service level, and a perception area.

31. The method according to claim 29 or 30, wherein: The fifth message includes a policy request response.

32. The method according to any one of claims 29 to 31, wherein: The fourth message includes a session establishment response or a session modification response.

33. The method according to any one of claims 29 to 32, wherein: The fourth message carries QoS information corresponding to each of the one or more pieces of perception parameter information, including: The fourth message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and the one or more perception parameter information, and QoS information corresponding to each of the perception parameter information; or, The fourth message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and QoS information corresponding to each perception parameter information, and the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes the one or more perception parameter information.

34. The method according to any one of claims 29 to 33, wherein: The first network device includes SMF.

35. The method according to any one of claims 29 to 33, wherein: The second network device includes a PCF.

36. A method for determining QoS of a sensing task, comprising: The second network device sends a fifth message, and the fifth message carries QoS information corresponding to each of the one or more perception parameter information.

37. The method according to claim 36 also includes, the second network device saving a mapping relationship between one or more perception parameter information and QoS information.

38. The method according to claim 36 or 37, wherein: The perception parameter information includes at least one of a perception type, a perception scenario, a perception service level, and a perception area.

39. The method according to any one of claims 36 to 38, wherein: The fifth message includes a policy request response.

40. The method according to any one of claims 36 to 39, wherein: The fifth message carries QoS information corresponding to each of the one or more perception parameter information, including: The fifth message carries identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow and one or more PCC rules; The PCC rule includes identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow, the perception parameter information and corresponding QoS information; or The PCC rule includes identification information and corresponding QoS information corresponding to the perception service data flow, and the identification information corresponding to the perception service data flow includes the perception parameter information.

41. The method according to any one of claims 36 to 40, wherein: The second network device includes a PCF.

42. A terminal device, comprising: A first sending module, used to send a first message, wherein the first message carries perception parameter information; The first receiving module is used to receive QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

43. A first network device, comprising: A second receiving module, configured to receive a first message from a terminal device, wherein the first message carries perception parameter information; The second sending module is used to send a second message to the second network device, and the second message carries the perception parameter information.

44. A second network device, comprising: A third receiving module, configured to receive a second message, wherein the second message carries perception parameter information; A first determination module, configured to determine QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information according to the parameter information and a mapping relationship between the perception parameter information and the QoS information; The third sending module is used to send a third message, and the third message carries QoS information corresponding to the perception parameter information.

45. A terminal device, comprising: The fourth receiving module is used to receive a fourth message, wherein the fourth message carries QoS information corresponding to each perception parameter information in one or more perception parameter information.

46. ​​A first network device, comprising: A fifth receiving module, configured to receive a fifth message from the second network device, wherein the fifth message carries QoS information corresponding to each of the one or more perception parameter information; The fifth sending module is used to send a fourth message to the terminal device, and the fourth message carries QoS information corresponding to each perception parameter information in one or more perception parameter information.

47. A second network device, comprising: The sixth sending module is used to send a fifth message, wherein the fifth message carries QoS information corresponding to each perception parameter information in one or more perception parameter information.

48. A communication device comprising: A processor, a memory and a transceiver, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and run the computer program stored in the memory and control the transceiver to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, 6 to 14, 15 to 23, 24 to 28, 29 to 35 or 36 to 41.

49. A chip, comprising: A processor, configured to call and run a computer program from a memory so that a device equipped with the chip executes a method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, 6 to 14, 15 to 23, 24 to 28, 29 to 35 or 36 to 41.

50. A computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program, which, when executed by a device, causes the device to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 5, 6 to 14, 15 to 23, 24 to 28, 29 to 35 or 36 to 41.

51. A computer program product comprising computer program instructions for causing a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 5, 6 to 14, 15 to 23, 24 to 28, 29 to 35 or 36 to 41.

52. A computer program causing a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 5, 6 to 14, 15 to 23, 24 to 28, 29 to 35 or 36 to 41.

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