Cooling speed stable type overspeed quenching oil and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of metal heat treatment quenching oil, and discloses cooling speed stable type overspeed quenching oil and a preparation method thereof. The cooling speed stable type overspeed quenching oil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85-95 parts of base oil, 2-4 parts of a cooling accelerant, 2-3 parts of a stabilizer, 1-3 parts of a dispersing agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of an antioxidant and 0.5-1 part of a brightener, the stabilizer is composed of ricinoleic acid polyester and polyalkyl methacrylate, and the dispersing agent is composed of stearoyl methacrylate and polyisobutylene succinimide. The overspeed quenching oil is used under the conditions of long-term high temperature and the like, has better quenching cooling stability, is not easy to deteriorate, and is suitable for industrial continuous heat treatment operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of metal heat treatment quenching oils, and in particular to a cold-rate stable ultra-fast quenching oil and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] The main characteristics of high-speed quenching oil are low viscosity, fast cooling rate in the high and medium temperature range, and slow cooling rate in the low temperature range. While ensuring a high cooling rate, it can simultaneously meet the requirements of hardness, hardened layer depth, or quenching uniformity. It is one of the key media for achieving high-quality metal heat treatment. It is suitable for the metal quenching heat treatment of large and medium cross-section, low hardenability alloy steel and small-sized carburized steel, gears, axles, bearing rings, etc. in industries such as automotive parts, bearings, molds, and heavy machinery.

[0003] Existing high-speed quenching oils are typically formulated with deeply refined mineral oil as the base oil, and added with high-efficiency additives such as cooling agents, surfactants, and antioxidants. The cooling rate of this high-speed quenching oil effectively inhibits the transformation of supercooled austenite into pearlite or bainite, making it particularly suitable for steels with poor hardenability or large-section, thick-walled workpieces, ensuring that the core also obtains a high-hardness martensitic structure. Its powerful cooling capacity overcomes the problem of uneven cooling caused by complex workpiece shapes or dense furnace loading, resulting in a more uniform hardness distribution throughout the workpiece.

[0004] However, this type of high-speed quenching oil will deteriorate due to environmental conditions such as high temperature and oxygen during long-term use, which will reduce the cooling stability of the high-speed quenching oil and thus reduce its performance in industrial continuous heat treatment operations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problem that existing ultra-fast quenching oils undergo oxidation and deterioration due to environmental conditions such as high temperature and oxygen during long-term use, resulting in reduced cooling stability, this application provides a cold-rate-stable ultra-fast quenching oil and its preparation method.

[0006] Firstly, this application provides a cold-rate-stable ultra-fast quenching oil, employing the following technical solution: A cold-speed stabilized ultra-fast quenching oil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85-95 parts base oil 2-4 parts of refrigerant stabilizer 2-3 parts 1-3 parts dispersant Antioxidant 0.5-1.5 parts Brightener 0.5-1 part; The stabilizer is composed of castor oil polyester and polyalkyl methacrylate, and the dispersant is composed of stearyl isobutylene ester and polyisobutylene succinimide.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the base oil serves as the basic cooling substance; the addition of a refrigerant to the base oil can improve the cooling rate of the quenching oil; the stabilizer composed of castor oil polyester and polymethyl methacrylate can enhance the stability of the ultra-fast quenching oil under long-term high-temperature conditions; the dispersant composed of stearyl isobutylene ester and polyisobutylene succinimide can ensure uniform dispersion of the components, further enhancing the synergistic effect with the stabilizer and refrigerant, resulting in good cooling stability of the ultra-fast quenching oil and reducing the likelihood of oxidation and sludge problems during long-term use; the antioxidant can further prevent the ultra-fast quenching oil from deteriorating due to oxidation, extending its service life; and the brightener can make the surface of the quenched workpiece brighter. The cold-speed stable ultra-fast quenching oil prepared in this application solves the technical problem that ultra-fast quenching oil deteriorates due to environmental conditions such as high temperature and oxygen during long-term use, leading to a decrease in cooling stability. It has the advantages of good quenching cooling stability and resistance to deterioration under long-term high-temperature conditions, making it suitable for industrial continuous heat treatment operations.

[0008] Preferably, the stabilizer is composed of castor oil polyester and polyalkyl methacrylate in a weight ratio of (1.5-2.5):1.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the antioxidant and thermal stability properties of castor oil polyester can, to a certain extent, reduce the oxidation and decomposition of ultra-fast quenching oil at high temperatures, thus maintaining the performance of the quenching oil. Alkyl polymethyl methacrylate has good rheological and dispersing properties, which can ensure the uniform distribution of various components in the ultra-fast quenching oil, avoiding performance instability caused by component aggregation. When the two are combined as a stabilizer in a weight ratio of (1.5-2.5):1, they synergistically improve the quenching and cooling stability of the ultra-fast quenching oil under long-term high-temperature conditions.

[0010] Preferably, the ricinoleic acid polyester is hexameric ricinoleate.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, hexameric ricinoleate has a long carbon chain structure and multiple ester functional groups. This structure enables tetrameric ricinoleate to be better dispersed in ultra-fast quenching oil, enhances its compatibility with other components, and can form a stable molecular film at high temperature, effectively resisting the effects of high temperature and oxygen on quenching oil, and improving the oxidation resistance and cooling stability of quenching oil.

[0012] Preferably, the dispersant is composed of stearyl isobutylene ester and polyisobutylene succinimide in a weight ratio of (2-4):1.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, stearyl isobutylene ester exhibits good long-chain hydrophobicity, which can reduce the surface tension of the solution, allowing various additives in the oil to be better dispersed in the base oil, preventing additive agglomeration, and ensuring the uniform distribution of additives in the base oil. Polyisobutylene succinimide has strong dispersing ability and can adsorb onto the surface of additive particles, preventing particle aggregation and sedimentation, and improving the stability of additives in the oil. The two components, in a weight ratio of (2-4):1, form a dispersant that can produce a synergistic effect, improving the dispersibility and stability of additives in the ultra-fast quenching oil system.

[0014] Preferably, the base oil is composed of 75SN base oil and poly-α-olefin in a weight ratio of (8-10):1.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, 75SN base oil has good chemical stability and low volatility, providing stable basic properties for quenching oil; poly-α-olefin has good fluidity and antioxidant properties, which can enhance the performance of quenching oil in low-temperature environments. Combining the two in a weight ratio of (8-10):1 to form a base oil allows the cold-rate stable ultra-fast quenching oil to combine the advantages of both, thereby improving overall performance.

[0016] Preferably, the cooling agent is composed of polyisobutylene 1000, sodium petroleum sulfonate, and benzotriazole fatty amine salt in a weight ratio of 1:(0.5-1):(2-3).

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the uniform dispersion effect of polyisobutylene 1000 ensures that sodium petroleum sulfonate and benzotriazole fatty amine salt can be evenly distributed in the quenching oil. The effect of sodium petroleum sulfonate in increasing the cooling rate can enable the workpiece to cool quickly. At the same time, benzotriazole fatty amine salt can be evenly and quickly dispersed and adhered to the surface of the heat-treated workpiece. The three work together to form a uniform liquid film on the surface of the workpiece, which helps to improve the uniformity of the cooling rate. While improving the cooling rate of the quenching oil, the quenching quality and surface quality of the workpiece are guaranteed.

[0018] Preferably, the antioxidant is a phenolic antioxidant and / or an amine antioxidant, wherein the phenolic antioxidant is at least one of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and 4,4-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), and the amine antioxidant is N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine and / or p,p'-diisooctyldiphenylamine.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the reaction of oil with oxygen under long-term high temperature and other conditions can be effectively suppressed, preventing the oil from oxidizing and deteriorating to produce sludge, thereby improving the quenching and cooling stability of the ultra-fast quenching oil.

[0020] Preferably, the brightener is one or a combination of imidazoline oleate, oleamide, and methyl terpene resin.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the high-speed quenching oil can improve the surface smoothness and brightness of the workpiece during the metal quenching heat treatment process, reduce surface oxidation and decarburization, make the workpiece surface brighter and smoother, and improve the appearance quality of the workpiece.

[0022] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing a cold-rate-stable ultra-fast quenching oil, employing the following technical solution: A method for preparing a cold-rate-stable ultra-fast quenching oil includes the following steps: The base oil is heated, then a cooling agent, stabilizer, dispersant and brightener are added and stirred evenly. Finally, an antioxidant is added and stirred evenly to obtain a cold-speed stabilized ultra-fast quenching oil.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the base oil is first heated to a suitable temperature, creating favorable conditions for the subsequent addition and thorough mixing of other raw materials. Then, the coolant, stabilizer, dispersant, and brightener are added and stirred evenly to ensure uniform dispersion of these additives in the base oil. Finally, the antioxidant is added and stirred evenly. The resulting cold-speed stable ultra-fast quenching oil exhibits good quenching and cooling stability under long-term high-temperature conditions, is not prone to deterioration, and is suitable for industrial continuous heat treatment operations.

[0024] Preferably, the heating temperature is 55-70℃.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the optimal temperature range enables the base oil, coolant, stabilizer, dispersant, brightener and antioxidant to be fully and evenly mixed, avoiding damage or deterioration of some raw materials due to excessively high temperature, and also preventing insufficient mixing of raw materials due to excessively low temperature, thereby ensuring that the produced cold-rate stable ultra-fast quenching oil has good quality and stable cooling performance.

[0026] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. Cold-speed stabilized ultra-fast quenching oil is made from base oil, coolant, stabilizer, dispersant, antioxidant and brightener in specific weight parts. The stabilizer is composed of castor oil polyester and polyalkyl methacrylate, and the dispersant is composed of stearyl isobutylene ester and polyisobutylene succinimide. The resulting cold-speed stabilized ultra-fast quenching oil has good quenching and cooling stability under long-term high temperature and other conditions and is not easily deteriorated.

[0027] 2. The cooling agent is composed of polyisobutylene 1000, sodium petroleum sulfonate, and benzotriazole fatty amine salt. The three work together to form a uniform liquid film on the surface of the workpiece, which helps to improve the uniformity of the cooling rate. While improving the cooling rate of the quenching oil, it also ensures the quenching quality and surface quality of the workpiece.

[0028] 3. The preparation method of cold-speed stabilized ultra-fast quenching oil is to first heat the base oil, then add the coolant, stabilizer, dispersant and brightener and stir evenly, and finally add the antioxidant and stir evenly. The heating temperature is 55-70℃. This method can make the raw materials fully mixed and react, ensuring the performance of cold-speed stabilized ultra-fast quenching oil. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0030] The following are some of the sources and specifications of the raw materials used in this application. All raw materials used in the embodiments of this application are commercially available, including but not limited to the following models and manufacturers. Raw materials with equivalent performance can also be used: 1. Poly-α-olefin: DowSyn® PAO100; 2. Alkyl polymethacrylate: Evonik VISCOPLEX 1-254; 3. Polyisobutylene succinimide: T154; 4. Benzotriazole fatty amine salt: T406E; 6. Sodium petroleum sulfonate: T-702; 7. Imidazolinone oleate: Tangyi Chemical, average molecular weight 650, ester 40-50mgKOH / g. Example Example 1

[0031] Example 1 discloses a cold-rate stable ultra-fast quenching oil, which is prepared by the following steps: The base oil is heated to 55-70℃, then a cooling agent, stabilizer, dispersant and brightener are added and stirred evenly. Finally, an antioxidant is added and stirred evenly to obtain a cold-speed stabilized ultra-fast quenching oil.

[0032] Example 2-3 The difference between Examples 2-3 and Example 1 lies in the amount of raw materials used and the preparation conditions, as detailed in Table 1 below.

[0033] Table 1 Parameter table for Examples 1-3 Example 4

[0034] The difference between Example 4 and Example 3 is that the refrigerant is composed of polyisobutylene 1000, sodium petroleum sulfonate, and benzotriazole fatty amine salt in a weight ratio of 1:0.5:2, while the rest is the same as in Example 3. Example 5

[0035] The difference between Example 5 and Example 3 is that the refrigerant is composed of polyisobutylene 1000, sodium petroleum sulfonate, and benzotriazole fatty amine salt in a weight ratio of 1:1:3, while the rest is the same as in Example 3. Comparative Example

[0036] Comparative Example 1 The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 3 is that the stabilizer is replaced with an equal amount of polyalkyl methacrylate with hexameric castor oil ester, otherwise it is the same as Example 3.

[0037] Comparative Example 2 The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 3 is that the stabilizer is replaced by an equal amount of hexameric castor oil ester with a polyol fatty acid ester, which is neopentyl polyol fatty acid ester NPE-3. Otherwise, it is the same as Example 3.

[0038] Comparative Example 3 The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 3 is that stearyl isobutylene ester was replaced with polyisobutylene succinimide in an equal amount in the dispersant, otherwise it is the same as Example 3.

[0039] Comparative Example 4 The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 3 is that the stabilizer is replaced with an equal amount of dispersant, while the rest is the same as Example 3. Performance testing

[0040] The following tests were conducted on the performance of the cold-rate-stable ultra-fast quenching oils prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-4: 1. Maximum cooling rate stability test: 1) Initial test: The maximum cooling rate (unit: ℃ / s) of the ultra-fast quenching oil was tested according to the test method in GB / T 30823. 2) Testing after high-temperature oxidation: The ultra-fast quenching oil was placed at a temperature of 165℃, and air was introduced at a rate of 6L / h during the process. After 72 hours, the maximum cooling rate (unit: ℃ / s) of the ultra-fast quenching oil was tested according to the test method in GB / T 30823. The smaller the decrease in the maximum cooling rate, the better the cooling stability of the ultra-fast quenching oil.

[0041] 2. Oil-water separation performance test 1) Initial test: Referring to the test method in GB / T 7305, under the temperature condition of 54℃, test the oil-water separation time (min) and the oil-water separation condition (oil, water and emulsion volume ml), and measure the results as "oil volume - water volume - emulsion volume (time)" and record the test results. 2) Testing after high-temperature oxidation: The ultra-fast quenching oil was placed at 165℃ with air introduced at a rate of 6L / h for 72 hours. Following the test method in GB / T 7305, the oil-water separation time (min) and the oil-water separation condition (oil, water, and emulsion volumes in ml) were tested at 54℃. The results were recorded as "oil volume - water volume - emulsion volume (time)". The shorter the oil-water separation time, the better the oxidation stability of the ultra-fast quenching oil. The presence of emulsion indicates that the ultra-fast quenching oil has been oxidized to varying degrees.

[0042] The following are the performance test data of the cold-rate stable ultra-fast quenching oils prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-4, as detailed in Table 2 below.

[0043] Table 2 Performance data of cold-rate stable ultra-fast quenching oils prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-4

[0044] Combining Examples 1-3 and 4-5 with Table 2, it can be concluded that optimizing the type and proportion of the refrigerant can improve the cooling efficiency and cooling stability of the prepared ultra-fast quenching oil. Compared with Example 3, the maximum cooling rate of the ultra-fast quenching oil prepared in Examples 4-5 increased to 119℃ / s, and after high-temperature oxidation testing, it could still reach 118℃ / s. Complete oil-water separation was achieved at 15 minutes without the formation of emulsion, and after high-temperature oxidation testing, complete oil-water separation was also achieved at 16 minutes without the formation of emulsion.

[0045] Based on Examples 3 and Comparative Examples 1-4, and referring to Table 2, it can be concluded that in Comparative Examples 1-2, changing the type and proportion of stabilizer resulted in a decrease in the maximum cooling rate of the prepared ultra-fast quenching oil. After high-temperature oxidation testing, the maximum cooling rate decreased significantly. Furthermore, oil-water separation occurred at 25-28 minutes, producing 2 ml of emulsion, while after high-temperature oxidation testing, oil-water separation occurred at 33-39 minutes, producing 5-6 ml of emulsion. In Comparative Example 4, replacing the stabilizer with an equal amount of dispersant significantly reduced the maximum cooling rate of the prepared quenching oil after high-temperature oxidation testing, and also significantly reduced its oxidation stability. Complete oil-water separation and the appearance of 6 ml of emulsion only occurred at 50 minutes. In Comparative Example 3, changing the type of dispersant further reduced the maximum cooling rate of the prepared ultra-fast quenching oil, with an even greater decrease after high-temperature oxidation testing. The above analysis shows that the refrigerant, stabilizer and dispersant prepared by the preferred components of this application have a good synergistic effect, which can significantly improve the cooling stability and oxidation stability of the prepared ultra-fast quenching oil.

[0046] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of this application and is not intended to limit it. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they fall within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A cold-rate stable ultra-fast quenching oil, characterized in that, It is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85-95 parts base oil 2-4 parts of refrigerant stabilizer 2-3 parts 1-3 parts dispersant Antioxidant 0.5-1.5 parts Brightener 0.5-1 parts; stabilizer composed of castor oil polyester and polyalkyl methacrylate, dispersant composed of stearyl isobutylene ester and polyisobutylene succinimide.

2. The cold-rate stable ultra-fast quenching oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stabilizer is composed of castor oil polyester and polyalkyl methacrylate in a weight ratio of (1.5-2.5):

1.

3. A cold-rate-stabilized ultra-fast quenching oil according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The castor oil polyester is hexameric castor oil ester.

4. The cold-rate-stable ultra-fast quenching oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dispersant is composed of stearyl isobutylene ester and polyisobutylene succinimide in a weight ratio of (2-4):

1.

5. The cold-rate-stabilized ultra-fast quenching oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base oil is composed of 75SN base oil and poly-α-olefin in a weight ratio of (8-10):

1.

6. The cold-rate-stabilized ultra-fast quenching oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling agent is composed of polyisobutylene 1000, sodium petroleum sulfonate, and benzotriazole fatty amine salt in a weight ratio of 1:(0.5-1):(2-3).

7. The cold-rate stable ultra-fast quenching oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antioxidant is a phenolic antioxidant and / or an amine antioxidant, wherein the phenolic antioxidant is at least one of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and 4,4-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), and the amine antioxidant is N-phenyl-α-naphthylamine and / or p,p'-diisooctyldiphenylamine.

8. The cold-rate stable ultra-fast quenching oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The brightener is one or a combination of imidazoline oleate, oleamide, and methyl terpene resin.

9. A method for preparing a cold-rate-stable ultra-fast quenching oil as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The base oil is heated, then a cooling agent, stabilizer, dispersant and brightener are added and stirred evenly. Finally, an antioxidant is added and stirred evenly to obtain a cold-speed stabilized ultra-fast quenching oil.

10. The method for preparing a cold-rate stable ultra-fast quenching oil according to claim 9, characterized in that, The heating temperature is 55-70℃.

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