A soil heavy metal pollution detection device and a detection method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the technical field of soil testing equipment, specifically a soil heavy metal pollution detection device and method. It includes a detector body and a detection chamber inside the detector body, where a detection mechanism for detecting heavy metals in the soil is installed. It also includes a convenient sample preparation mechanism for on-site soil sampling. By setting up this convenient sample preparation mechanism, during the soil heavy metal pollution detection process, opening the cover exposes all components used in soil sampling to the outside environment. This not only provides greater flow space for the soil during sampling and testing, allowing for better flow of soil particles that do not meet the required particle size, and making the soil particle screening process more observable, but also simplifies post-testing cleaning and drying operations. Furthermore, the exposed components facilitate maintenance and repair of the device components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of soil testing equipment, specifically a soil heavy metal pollution detection device and detection method. Background Technology

[0002] Soil heavy metal pollution detection is a key technology in the fields of environmental protection and agricultural safety. Its core lies in quickly and accurately identifying the types and contents of harmful heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, and mercury in the soil, providing a scientific basis for soil remediation plan development and agricultural product safety assessment.

[0003] With the acceleration of industrialization and agricultural intensification, the problem of excessive heavy metals in soil has become increasingly prominent. Traditional detection methods have limitations such as complicated operation, long time consumption, and poor on-site applicability. Moreover, the detection process usually needs to be carried out in the laboratory, which requires additional steps such as soil sample collection, preservation, and transportation. This not only makes the soil heavy metal pollution detection process too cumbersome, but also carries the risk of soil sample contamination.

[0004] In order to enhance the convenience of soil heavy metal pollution detection process, a portable soil heavy metal rapid detector was disclosed in related technologies (application number CN2020104364657). This solution can conduct soil testing in the field. During testing, the soil collected in the field is put into the detection chamber through the soil inlet. The soil entering the chamber is crushed by the back-and-forth movement of the soil crushing disc. The crushed soil is then screened through the sieve, reducing the number of detection steps and improving the detection efficiency.

[0005] However, in actual operation, it was found that, on the one hand, in order to reduce the size of the equipment, the soil inlet size set on the detection box is small. When filling the soil, it is easy for the soil to scatter on the surface of the detection box, which adds extra cleaning work to the detection process. On the other hand, when testing soil in different areas, since the soil treatment components are set inside the detection box, it is not only inconvenient to clean the soil samples inside, but there is also a phenomenon of cross-contamination. Therefore, the detection device is inconvenient to use.

[0006] In view of this, the present invention proposes a soil heavy metal pollution detection device and detection method to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and solve the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a soil heavy metal pollution detection device and detection method.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: the soil heavy metal pollution detection device of the present invention includes a detection instrument body and a detection cavity opened inside the detection instrument body, wherein a detection mechanism for detecting soil heavy metals is installed in the detection cavity.

[0009] It also includes a convenient sample preparation mechanism, which is installed on the main body of the detector and is used for on-site soil sampling.

[0010] The convenient sample preparation mechanism includes a cover, a soil sampling tube, a scraping ring, and a sieve plate;

[0011] A cover is installed on one side of the detector body, and the detection cavity is set with an opening on the detector body, with the opening of the detection cavity opposite to the cover.

[0012] The detector body is equipped with a guide rail, and the soil sampling tube is slidably installed on the guide rail. The soil sampling tube is set with an opening facing the detector body. In the initial state, the soil sampling tube is conductively connected to the detection cavity.

[0013] The scraping ring is rotatably sleeved on the soil sampling pipe. The surface of the scraping ring is provided with evenly distributed soil sampling grooves. An elastic scraper is fixedly installed on the side of the soil sampling groove away from the axis of the scraping ring.

[0014] A sieve plate is installed inside the opening of the soil sampling pipe, and the opening of the soil sampling pipe is located on the rotation path of the soil sampling trough.

[0015] Preferably, a docking plate is fixedly installed on the detector body, and a serrated ring is fixedly installed on the scraping ring, with the docking plate and the serrated ring cooperating.

[0016] Preferably, a spring telescopic rod is fixedly installed inside the soil sampling pipe, the sieve plate is fixedly installed on the spring telescopic rod, an electric telescopic rod is installed inside the detection chamber, and the detection mechanism is installed on the electric telescopic rod. During the detection process, the detection mechanism extends into the soil sampling pipe through the soil sampling groove.

[0017] Preferably, a discharge trough is provided on the side of the soil sampling pipe away from the detector body, and a stopper plate is fixedly installed in the discharge trough.

[0018] Preferably, a connecting plate is fixedly installed on one side of the detector body, and a connecting groove is provided on the connecting plate. The soil sampling pipe and the scraping ring both extend into the connecting groove, and a positioning block is rotatably installed on the outside of the scraping ring. The positioning block is slidably connected to the connecting plate through the connecting groove. A transmission groove is provided on the positioning block, and a coil spring is fixedly installed between the transmission groove and the scraping ring. A pull rope is wound on the scraping ring, and the pull rope extends to the outside through the transmission groove.

[0019] Preferably, the cover is composed of two rectangular frames joined together. The ends of the rectangular frames that are away from each other are hinged to the main body of the detector. Each rectangular frame is hinged to a connecting rod. The ends of the connecting rods that are away from the rectangular frames are hinged to the soil sampling pipe. Both rectangular frames are fitted with a buckle.

[0020] Preferably, a limiting ring is fixedly installed on the rectangular frame. The limiting ring is an incompletely annular structure and is used to limit the rotation angle of the connecting rod.

[0021] Preferably, each of the rectangular frames has a deformation bladder fixedly installed inside its cavity, a pressure plate is slidably installed inside its cavity, a compression groove is provided on the rectangular frame, the pressure plate extends into the compression groove, a traction rope is fixedly installed on the pressure plate, the traction rope and the pull rope are fixedly connected, a one-way air inlet pipe and a one-way air outlet pipe are fixedly installed on the deformation bladder, the one-way air outlet pipe extends to the bottom of the rectangular frame and faces the opening of the soil sampling pipe.

[0022] Preferably, the rectangular frame has a docking groove, a water storage bottle is installed in the docking groove, and the one-way air inlet pipe extends into the docking groove.

[0023] A method for detecting heavy metal pollution in soil, comprising the following steps:

[0024] S1: Carry the detection device to the area to be detected, manually open the buckle, and under the action of gravity, the soil sampling pipe and scraping ring descend, and after being driven by the connecting rod, the two rectangular frames are forced to open.

[0025] S2: Place the device in the sampling area, then press down on the detector body with one hand and pull the pull rope upward with one hand to drive the scraping ring and the pressure plate to move.

[0026] S3: The pressure plate compresses and deforms the bladder, causing compressed air to be sprayed on both sides of the scraping ring through the one-way air outlet pipe. In conjunction with the rotation of the scraping ring, the soil is transported. When the soil of the appropriate particle size passes through the screen plate, it falls into the soil sampling pipe.

[0027] S4: Manually close the two rectangular frames, the scraping ring and the soil sampling pipe rise, and at the same time the electric telescopic rod extends. The detection mechanism extends through the soil sampling trough into the soil sampling pipe to detect heavy metal elements in the soil.

[0028] S5: After outputting the test results, open the buckle and unloading chute in sequence, and install the water storage bottle in the docking groove. In the suspended state, manually pull the rope.

[0029] S6: Water flows through the one-way air outlet and sprays onto the scraper ring and soil sampling pipe for initial cleaning. Afterward, the staff manually cleans each part of the structure in detail before closing the cover again.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0031] 1. The soil heavy metal pollution detection device and method of the present invention, by setting up a convenient sample preparation mechanism, exposes all components used in the soil heavy metal pollution detection process to the outside by opening the cover. This not only increases the flow space of the soil during soil sampling and testing, thus improving the flow effect of soil that does not meet the particle size requirements and making the soil particle screening process more observable, but also makes cleaning and drying operations after testing more convenient. At the same time, the exposed setting makes the maintenance and repair of the device components easier, while the cover's shielding effect when not in use can surround the soil sampling components, reducing the probability of accidental damage.

[0032] 2. The soil heavy metal pollution detection device and method of the present invention, by setting a connecting plate and a guide rail to make the soil sampling tube rise and fall more stably, and by setting a connecting rod and a rectangular frame to support the whole device and fix the position of the soil sampling tube during the soil sampling process, and by repeatedly rotating the scraping ring, the soil is broken and transported within a limited space, thereby making the soil sampling and sample preparation process more convenient. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention in the detection state;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the present invention in the cleaning state;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a 3D view of the detector itself;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the soil extraction pipe;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a 3D view of the entire scraping ring;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the positioning block;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a longitudinal sectional view of the positioning block;

[0041] Figure 8 This is an overall sectional view of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0043] In the diagram: 1. Detector body; 11. Detection chamber; 12. Electric telescopic rod; 2. Guide rail; 21. Soil sampling pipe; 22. Scraping ring; 23. Soil sampling trough; 24. Elastic scraper; 25. Screen plate; 26. Butt joint plate; 27. Serrated ring; 28. Spring telescopic rod; 3. Unloading trough; 31. Plug plate; 4. Connecting plate; 41. Connecting groove; 42. Positioning block; 43. Transmission groove; 44. Coil spring; 45. Pull rope; 5. Rectangular frame; 51. Connecting rod; 52. Buckle; 53. Limiting ring; 6. Deformation bladder; 61. Pressure plate; 62. Pressure chute; 63. Traction rope; 64. One-way air inlet pipe; 65. One-way air outlet pipe; 66. Butt joint groove; 67. Water storage bottle. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0045] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the soil heavy metal pollution detection device of the present invention includes a detector body 1 and a detection chamber 11 opened inside the detector body 1. The detection chamber 11 is equipped with a detection mechanism for detecting soil heavy metals.

[0046] It also includes a convenient sample preparation mechanism, which is installed on the detector body 1 and is used for on-site soil sampling.

[0047] The convenient sample preparation mechanism includes a cover, a soil sampling tube 21, a scraping ring 22, and a sieve plate 25;

[0048] A cover is installed on one side of the detector body 1, and the detection cavity 11 is set with an opening on the detector body 1, with the opening of the detection cavity 11 opposite to the cover.

[0049] The detector body 1 is equipped with a guide rail 2, and the soil sampling tube 21 is slidably installed on the guide rail 2. The soil sampling tube 21 is set to open towards the side of the detector body 1. In the initial state, the soil sampling tube 21 is connected to the detection chamber 11.

[0050] The scraping ring 22 is rotatably sleeved on the soil sampling pipe 21. The surface of the scraping ring 22 is provided with evenly distributed soil sampling grooves 23. An elastic scraper 24 is fixedly installed on the side of the soil sampling grooves 23 away from the axis of the scraping ring 22.

[0051] A sieve plate 25 is installed inside the opening of the soil sampling pipe 21, and the opening of the soil sampling pipe 21 is located on the rotation path of the soil sampling trough 23.

[0052] A docking plate 26 is fixedly installed on the main body 1 of the detector, and a serrated ring 27 is fixedly installed on the scraping ring 22. The docking plate 26 and the serrated ring 27 cooperate with each other.

[0053] A spring telescopic rod 28 is fixedly installed inside the soil sampling pipe 21, and the sieve plate 25 is fixedly installed on the spring telescopic rod 28. An electric telescopic rod 12 is installed inside the detection chamber 11, and the detection mechanism is installed on the electric telescopic rod 12. During the detection process, the detection mechanism extends into the soil sampling pipe 21 through the soil sampling groove 23.

[0054] The soil sampling pipe 21 has a discharge trough 3 on the side away from the detector body 1, and a plug plate 31 is fixedly installed in the discharge trough 3.

[0055] In order to make the soil heavy metal pollution detection process simpler and the follow-up process more convenient, this invention provides a convenient sample preparation mechanism. By simplifying the soil sample collection and preparation process and enhancing the ease of cleaning the device, the on-site soil heavy metal detection process becomes more convenient.

[0056] Specifically, at the soil testing site, staff take out the testing device and manually open the cover. The soil sampling tube 21 and its scraper ring 22, previously hidden by the cover, are exposed and fall to the bottom of the guide rail 2 under gravity. The scraper ring 22 is then pressed against the sampling area, and manually rotated. During this relative movement between the scraper ring 22 and the soil, the elastic scraper 24 on the scraper ring 22 scrapes the soil surface. During rotation, the soil is transported above the sieve plate 25. Under the filtering action of the sieve plate 25, soil particles that meet the required size fall into the soil sampling tube 21, while soil particles that do not meet the standard are filtered out. Pushed by the scraping ring 22, the soil falls from the other side. As the scraping ring 22 continues to rotate, and constrained by both the elastic scraper 24 and the ground, some large soil particles are broken under shear force. Pushed by the scraping ring 22, the soil gradually passes through a sieve and enters the soil sampling tube 21. When the soil sample in the sampling tube 21 is gradually filled, the operator closes the cover. Pushed by the cover, the sampling tube 21 rises along the guide rail 2. During this ascent, the serrated ring 27 on the scraping ring 22 is finally assembled with the docking plate 26. Guided by the circumferential grooves of the serrated ring 27, the soil sampling groove 23 on the scraping ring 22 aligns with the opening of the sampling tube 21. When the cover is fully closed, soil is sampled. The upper and lower ends of the groove 23 are aligned with the openings of the soil sampling pipe 21 and the detection chamber 11, respectively. When the operator starts the detection program via the button on the detector body 1, the electric telescopic rod 12 inside the detection chamber 11 is activated, pushing the detection end of the detection mechanism into the soil sampling pipe 21. During the pushing process, the electric telescopic rod 12 squeezes the screen plate 25, causing the spring telescopic rod 28 below the screen plate 25 to retract. Finally, the electric telescopic rod 12 enters the soil sampling pipe 21. It should be noted that in actual setup, the detection mechanism should at least include an X-ray tube and a silicon drift detector. The output end of the detection mechanism should be embedded in the electric telescopic rod 12, and an elastic rubber is fixedly installed at the bottom opening of the detection chamber 11. The sealing ring made of rubber material not only seals the detection chamber 11 during the retraction of the detection mechanism and the electric telescopic rod 12, but also cleans the surface of the electric telescopic rod 12 to prevent soil from entering the detection chamber 11. After the test is completed, the sample in the soil sampling tube 21 needs to be discarded. At this time, the staff opens the cover again and manually opens the plug plate 31 in the unloading trough 3. With the help of manual shaking, the soil sample in the soil sampling tube 21 is discarded, and the convenient sample preparation mechanism is rinsed with clean water. Since the convenient sample preparation mechanism is in the open state at this time, its components are exposed to the outside, so it is convenient for the staff to clean and dry it.

[0057] This invention, through the design of a convenient sample preparation mechanism, exposes all components used in soil heavy metal pollution detection to the outside environment by opening the cover. This not only increases the flow space of the soil during sampling and testing, improving the flow of soil particles that do not meet the size requirements and enhancing the visibility of the soil particle screening process, but also simplifies post-testing cleaning and drying operations. Furthermore, the exposed design facilitates maintenance and repair of the device components. When not in use, the cover protects the soil sampling components, reducing the probability of accidental damage.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a connecting plate 4 is fixedly installed on one side of the detector body 1. A connecting groove 41 is provided on the connecting plate 4. The soil sampling pipe 21 and the scraping ring 22 both extend into the connecting groove 41. A positioning block 42 is rotatably installed on the outside of the scraping ring 22. The positioning block 42 is slidably connected to the connecting plate 4 through the connecting groove 41. A transmission groove 43 is provided on the positioning block 42. A coil spring 44 is fixedly installed between the transmission groove 43 and the scraping ring 22. A pull rope 45 is wound on the scraping ring 22. The pull rope 45 extends to the outside through the transmission groove 43.

[0059] The cover is composed of two rectangular frames 5 spliced ​​together. The ends of the rectangular frames 5 that are away from each other are hinged to the detector body 1. A connecting rod 51 is hinged to each rectangular frame 5. The ends of the connecting rods 51 that are away from the rectangular frames 5 are hinged to the soil sampling pipe 21. A buckle 52 is installed on both rectangular frames 5.

[0060] A limiting ring 53 is fixedly installed on the rectangular frame 5. The limiting ring 53 is an incompletely annular structure. The limiting ring 53 is used to limit the rotation angle of the connecting rod 51. The presence of the limiting ring 53 is used to cooperate with the connecting rod 51 and the rectangular frame 5. It can not only cooperate with the guide rail 2 to limit the descent distance of the soil sampling pipe 21, but also, when the rectangular frame 5 is pressed to the ground during actual soil sampling, its rotation is hindered. With the cooperation of the connecting rod 51, the soil sampling ring cannot rise, thus providing convenience for the driving operation of the rope 45.

[0061] To further enhance the convenience of soil sampling, the two rectangular frames 5 constituting the cover are initially locked by buckles 52. During soil sampling, simply open the buckles 52. As the soil sampling tube 21 and the scraping ring 22 descend under gravity, the two rectangular frames 5 automatically rotate and open via the transmission action of the connecting rod 51. During soil sampling, the worker presses the device onto the ground with one hand. At this time, the two rectangular frames 5 can form a support and enclosure. When the worker manually pulls the pull rope 45, the scraping ring 22 rotates as the pull rope 45 unfolds, thereby achieving the crushing and pushing of the soil by the scraping ring 22. Meanwhile, the coil spring 44 deforms and accumulates elastic force. When the pull rope 45 is released, the scraping ring 22 rotates in the opposite direction under the action of the elastic force of the coil spring 44, forcing the pull rope 45 to rewind. During the repeated stretching and releasing process, the scraping ring 22 pushes the soil above the sieve plate 25 to collect the soil. In this process, the rectangular frame 5 not only provides support for the device so that it can stand stably on the ground, but also forms a barrier for the broken soil so that the soil can be transported in the elastic scraper 24 and the soil trough 23. As a result, the soil is broken and screened during the repeated rotation of the scraping ring 22.

[0062] The present invention makes the lifting and lowering of the soil sampling pipe 21 more stable by setting the connecting plate 4 and the guide rail 2. At the same time, the connecting rod 51 and the rectangular frame 5 are set to support the whole device and fix the position of the soil sampling pipe 21 during the soil sampling process. With the repeated rotation of the scraping ring 22, the soil is broken and transported within a limited space, thus making the soil sampling and sample preparation process more convenient.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a deformation bladder 6 is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the rectangular frame 5. The deformation bladder 6 is an elastic structure with a self-recovering effect, preferably a bladder-shaped structure with an internal spring or its own elasticity. A pressure plate 61 is slidably installed in the inner cavity of the rectangular frame 5. A pressure groove 62 is opened on the rectangular frame 5. The pressure plate 61 extends into the pressure groove 62. A traction rope 63 is fixedly installed on the pressure plate 61. The traction rope 63 and the pull rope 45 are fixedly connected. A one-way air inlet pipe 64 and a one-way air outlet pipe 65 are fixedly installed on the deformation bladder 6. The one-way air outlet pipe 65 extends to the bottom of the rectangular frame 5 and is set toward the opening of the soil sampling pipe 21.

[0064] A docking groove 66 is provided on the rectangular frame 5, and a water storage bottle 67 is installed in the docking groove 66. The one-way air inlet pipe 64 extends into the docking groove 66.

[0065] To further enhance the convenience of soil sampling, in this invention, when the pull rope 45 is pulled up, the traction rope 63, which is fixedly connected to the pull rope, rises synchronously. Since the rectangular frame 5 is in an inclined unfolded state relative to the ground (the two rectangular frames 5 are distributed in a figure-eight shape), the traction rope 63 will pull the pressure plate 61 when it rises, causing the pull plate to move along the compression groove 62, and finally compressing the deformation bladder 6. During the soil sampling process, the deformation bladder 6 is directly connected to the outside through the one-way air inlet pipe 64. Therefore, during the compression and recovery process, the deformation bladder 6 delivers compressed air. The compressed air is sprayed onto both sides of the soil sampling pipe 21 through the one-way air outlet pipe 65, and during the spraying process, it... The soil exerts a pushing force, forcing it to move onto the scraper ring 22, thereby enhancing the soil crushing and conveying effect of the scraper ring 22 during rotation. After the test is completed, the staff opens the unloading chute 3, presses the device onto a clean table, and installs the water storage bottle 67 in the docking slot 66. When the pull rope 45 and the traction rope 63 are pulled, the deformation bladder 6 will draw water from the water storage bottle 67 and spray the water onto the scraper ring 22 and the soil sampling pipe 21. The water is then used to initially rinse the scraper ring 22 and the soil sampling pipe 21 to remove most of the soil. Afterward, manual cleaning is performed on the dead corners or weak areas to restore the cleanliness of the device.

[0066] A method for detecting heavy metal pollution in soil, comprising the following steps:

[0067] S1: Carry the detection device to the area to be detected, manually open the buckle 52, and under the action of gravity, the soil sampling pipe 21 and the scraping ring 22 descend. After being driven by the connecting rod 51, the two rectangular frames 5 are forced to open.

[0068] S2: Place the device in the sampling area, then press down on the detector body 1 with one hand and pull the pull rope 45 upward with one hand to drive the scraping ring 22 and the pressure plate 61 to move.

[0069] S3: The pressure plate 61 compresses the deformation bladder 6, causing compressed air to be sprayed on both sides of the scraping ring 22 through the one-way air outlet pipe 65. The scraping ring 22 rotates to transport the soil. When the soil of the appropriate particle size passes through the screen plate 25, it falls into the soil sampling pipe 21.

[0070] S4: Manually close the two rectangular frames 5, the scraping ring 22 and the soil sampling pipe 21 rise, and at the same time the electric telescopic rod 12 extends. The detection mechanism extends into the soil sampling pipe 21 through the soil sampling trough 23 to detect heavy metal elements in the soil.

[0071] S5: After outputting the test results, open the buckle 52 and the unloading chute 3 in sequence, and install the water storage bottle 67 in the docking groove 66. In the suspended state, manually pull the rope 45.

[0072] S6: Water flows through the one-way air outlet 65 and sprays onto the scraper ring 22 and soil sampling pipe 21 for initial cleaning. Afterwards, the staff manually cleans each part of the structure in detail before closing the cover again.

[0073] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A soil heavy metal pollution detection device, comprising a detector body (1) and a detection chamber (11) opened inside the detector body (1), wherein a detection mechanism for detecting soil heavy metals is installed in the detection chamber (11); characterized in that It also includes a convenient sample preparation mechanism, which is installed on the main body (1) of the detector and is used for on-site soil sampling. The convenient sample preparation mechanism includes a cover, a soil sampling tube (21), a scraping ring (22), and a sieve plate (25). A cover is installed on one side of the detector body (1), and the detection cavity (11) is set with an opening on the detector body (1), and the opening of the detection cavity (11) is opposite to the cover. The detector body (1) is equipped with a guide rail (2), and the soil sampling tube (21) is slidably installed on the guide rail (2). The soil sampling tube (21) is set with an opening facing the detector body (1). In the initial state, the soil sampling tube (21) is connected to the detection chamber (11). The scraping ring (22) is rotatably sleeved on the soil sampling pipe (21). The surface of the scraping ring (22) is provided with uniformly distributed soil sampling grooves (23). An elastic scraper (24) is fixedly installed on the side of the soil sampling groove (23) away from the axis of the scraping ring (22). A sieve plate (25) is installed inside the opening of the soil sampling pipe (21), and the opening of the soil sampling pipe (21) is located on the rotation path of the soil sampling trough (23). A docking plate (26) is fixedly installed on the main body (1) of the detector, and a serrated ring (27) is fixedly installed on the scraping ring (22). A spring telescopic rod (28) is fixedly installed inside the soil sampling pipe (21), and the sieve plate (25) is fixedly installed on the spring telescopic rod (28). An electric telescopic rod (12) is installed inside the detection chamber (11), and the detection mechanism is installed on the electric telescopic rod (12). During the detection process, the detection mechanism extends into the soil sampling pipe (21) through the soil sampling trough (23). A connecting plate (4) is fixedly installed on one side of the detector body (1). A connecting groove (41) is provided on the connecting plate (4). The soil sampling pipe (21) and the scraping ring (22) both extend into the connecting groove (41). A positioning block (42) is rotatably installed on the outside of the scraping ring (22). The positioning block (42) is slidably connected to the connecting plate (4) through the connecting groove (41). A transmission groove (43) is provided on the positioning block (42). A coil spring (44) is fixedly installed in the transmission groove (43). The coil spring (44) is fixedly connected to the scraping ring (22). A pull rope (45) is wound on the scraping ring (22). The pull rope (45) extends to the outside through the transmission groove (43).

2. The soil heavy metal pollution detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil sampling pipe (21) has a discharge trough (3) on the side away from the detector body (1), and a plug plate (31) is installed in the discharge trough (3).

3. The soil heavy metal pollution detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cover is composed of two rectangular frames (5) spliced ​​together. The ends of the rectangular frames (5) that are far apart from each other are hinged to the detector body (1). A connecting rod (51) is hinged on each of the rectangular frames (5). The ends of the connecting rods (51) that are far away from the rectangular frames (5) are hinged to the soil sampling pipe (21). A buckle (52) is installed on both of the rectangular frames (5).

4. The soil heavy metal pollution detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A limiting ring (53) is fixedly installed on the rectangular frame (5). The limiting ring (53) is an incomplete ring structure and is used to limit the rotation angle of the connecting rod (51).

5. The soil heavy metal pollution detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Deformation bladders (6) are fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the rectangular frame (5). Pressure plates (61) are slidably installed in the inner cavity of the rectangular frame (5). A compression groove (62) is opened on the rectangular frame (5). The pressure plate (61) extends into the compression groove (62). A traction rope (63) is fixedly installed on the pressure plate (61). The traction rope (63) and the pull rope (45) are fixedly connected. A one-way air inlet pipe (64) and a one-way air outlet pipe (65) are fixedly installed on the deformation bladder (6). The one-way air outlet pipe (65) extends to the bottom of the rectangular frame (5) and is set towards the opening of the soil sampling pipe (21).

6. The soil heavy metal pollution detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rectangular frame (5) has a docking groove (66), a water storage bottle (67) is installed in the docking groove (66), and the one-way air inlet pipe (64) extends into the docking groove (66).

7. A method for detecting heavy metal pollution in soil, characterized in that: This method uses the soil heavy metal pollution detection device described in claim 6, and includes the following steps: S1: Carry the detection device to the area to be detected, manually open the buckle (52), and under the action of gravity, the soil sampling pipe (21) and the scraping ring (22) descend. After being driven by the connecting rod (51), the two rectangular frames (5) are forced to open. S2: Place the device in the sampling area, then press down on the detector body (1) with one hand and pull the pull rope (45) upward with one hand to drive the scraping ring (22) and the pressure plate (61) to move; S3: The pressure plate (61) compresses the deformation bladder (6), causing compressed air to be sprayed on both sides of the scraping ring (22) through the one-way air outlet pipe (65). The scraping ring (22) rotates to transport soil. When soil of the appropriate particle size passes through the sieve plate (25), it falls into the soil sampling pipe (21). S4: Manually close the two rectangular frames (5), the scraping ring (22) and the soil sampling pipe (21) rise, and at the same time the electric telescopic rod (12) extends. The detection mechanism extends through the soil sampling trough (23) into the soil sampling pipe (21) to detect heavy metal elements in the soil. S5: After outputting the test results, open the buckle (52) and unloading chute (3) in sequence, and install the water storage bottle (67) in the docking groove (66). In the suspended state, manually pull the rope (45). S6: Water flows through the one-way air outlet pipe (65) and sprays onto the scraping ring (22) and soil sampling pipe (21) for initial cleaning. Afterwards, the staff manually cleans each part of the structure in detail before closing the cover again.

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